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This paper describes the design and implementation of a “pre-structured multi-purpose data base” for information about the Canadian corporate structure. This system includes data on directorship, officcrship, executive board membership, and ownership ties among approximately 10,000 Canadian and other financial and industrial corporations and about 6,000 organizations (law firms, brokerage houses, public institutions, etc.) with which directors resident in Canada were affiliated. In addition, it contains data on the operating accounts, and standard industrial classification codes, for a large subset of these. Here we summarize its capabilities and analytic uses.

A method is described for finding blockmodels of a given network using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique with optional backtrack capabilities. The clustering criterion is an index of the goodness of fit of the blockmodel that would be produced by a given clustering. This index is computed for each clustering considered. This method is compared on a priori grounds with other methods and comparative results are reported for its application to the Western Electric Bank Wiring Room data. Extensions combining this method with other clustering methods are discussed.

In 1981–1982 the Canadian juvenile justice system operated under the 1908 Juvenile Delinquents Act, a statute with a strong parens patriae orientation. This article assesses the degree to which one aspect of the system conformed to this traditional orientation. Factors affecting detention at arrest and judicial interim release (release “on bail”) of juveniles were analyzed by multiple regression, using observational and file data collected by the National Study on the Functioning of the Juvenile Court in five large Canadian cities in 1981–1982. Detention at arrest was found to be largely determined by legal and sociolegal factors, and the effects appeared to vary with age, gender, and/or race. Release by the court was strongly related to legal and sociolegal factors; extralegal factors did not appear to affect it. There was considerable variation among the five jurisdictions in the importance of particular factors, but in general, the police and (especially) the juvenile courts appeared to be considerably influenced by due process considerations. This conclusions is tempered by the ambiguity of the concept of sociolegal factors.

In his paper on transcendental intersubjectivity in Husserl, which refers mainly to the Fifth Cartesian Meditation, Schutz (1966a) marks out four stages in Husserl's argument and finds what are for him insurmountable problems in each stage. These stages are: (1) isolation of the primordial world of one's peculiar ownness by means of a further epoch?; (2) apperception of the other via pairing; (3) constitution of objective, intersubjective Nature; (4) constitution of higher forms of community. Because of the problems Schutz encounters in each of these stages, he concludes that Husserl's theory is unacceptable (Schutz, 1966a, p. 82). Having already proved that it is unacceptable, he now explains why these problems arise in Husserl's theory. Intersubjectivity, says Schutz, is "a datum of the life-world," (1966a, p. 82) not a transcendental problem. In other words, intersubjectivity must be dealt with as a problem of the life-world of the natural attitude, not a "problem of constitution which can be solved within the transcendental sphere." (Schutz, 1966a, p. 82). There is no such thing as transcendental intersubjectivity, if by that is meant intersubjectivity of a plurality of transcendental egos. The role of transcendental phenomen? ology in the problem of intersubjectivity is to explicate within the transcendental reduction the sense: "intersubjectivity in the life-world." Husserl was diverted from this proper role of phenomenology?in his words, to "explicate the sense which this world has for us prior to all philosophy" (trans, and quoted by Schutz from "Cartesianische Meditationen, para. 62, in fine, "in Schutz, 1966a, p. 82)?because of the unobtrusive transformation of sense of his concept of constitution from that of explication and clarification to "creation," in the sense of providing an ontology of the life world. The fact that phenomenology is in principle incapable of doing this lies behind the failure of Husserl's theory of intersubjectivity (Schutz, 1966a, pp. 83-84). Unlike Schutz, I will deal with this general issue explicitly in the context of the stages in Husserl's argument and Schutz's objections. It seems to me that

Recent work on economic structure has tended to focus around discovering general or global mappings to represent complex patterns of binary or multiplex ties. By contrast, this paper seeks to define an intermediate level of structure—the “enterprise ”—and to measure it concretely using a combination of ownership and director/officership or executive board membership ties. In the first section, we outline the theoretical and substantive basis of the concept of “enterprises” as it is used in the literature. Difficulties in the operationalization of this concept are then surveyed and some tentative solutions suggested. In the second section, we describe in detail the methods used to implement our definition of enterprises for a set which includes the 5306 firms which most directly shape the Canadian economy. The third section outlines the impact of the use of four slightly different versions of this definition on arrays of enterprise memberships. Finally, the larger implications of our findings—both for the measurement of intermediate levels of structure and for the study of cross-national economic connections—are discussed.

The ‘fit’ between blockmodels and data networks is extended from a binary to a continuous concept. An index of goodness-of-fit for α-fit blockmodels is proposed, based on the purity (density of 1's or 0's) of the submatrices of the data matrix(es) after the blockmodel partition is imposed. The characteristics of this index are compared with those of correlation coefficient. Some applications are described.

We report the molecular beam epitaxial growth of InSb sub-monolayers inserted in an InAs matrix using Sb2 and As2 fluxes. The InSb/InAs nanostructures exhibit intense mid-infrared photoluminescence up to room temperature. The nominal thickness of the sub-monolayer insertions can be controlled by the growth temperature (TGr = 450–320°C) which gives rise to the variation of the emission wavelength within the 3.6–4.0μm range at room temperature. A comparative analysis of the optical properties of the structures grown using (Sb2, As2) and (Sb4, As4) is also presented.

Sub-monolayer (SML) deposition of InSb within InAs matrix by migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE) tends to form type II SML nanostructures offering efficient light emission within the mid-infrared (MIR) range between 3-5 µm. In this work, we report on the Sb distribution in InSb/InAs SML nanostructures with InAs cap layers grown at temperatures lower than that associated with the under-grown InSb active layer. Analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 002 dark field (DF) conditions shows that the reduction in the growth temperature of the InAs cap layer increases the amount of Sb deposited in the layers, in good agreement with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. TEM micrographs also show that the layers are formed by random InSbAs agglomerates, where the lower cap temperature leads to a more continuous InSb layer. Quantitative atomic column resolved high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-scanning (S)TEM analyses also reveal atomic columns with larger composition of Sb for the structure with the lowest InAs cap layer temperature. The dependence of the Sb distribution on InAs cap growth temperature allows tuning the corresponding emission wavelength in the MIR range, as shown by the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra.

Electroluminescence from GaInSb/AlGaInSb quantum well (QW) diode lasers, grown on GaAs, has been investigated as a function of strain in the QWs, with lasing occurring at ∼3.3µm at 200K with 1.1% strain in the QW.

Kinship, like language, is a structure, not a substance. The distinctive features of kinship networks reside less in how their constitutive ties - be they biological, jural, ritual, symbolic, or whatever - are defined and established than in the way these ties are organized. Kinship network theory is thus not just another "application" of general network theoretic methods to a particular social domain but a specific branch of social network theory in itself, defined by its own axioms and described by its own theorems. This article sets out to present these axioms and theorems.