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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) shows promise in eliminating oral pathogens without inducing microbial resistance. Yet, it faces limited biofilm penetration by the photosensitizer, which hinders its efficacy against mature, thick biofilms. This study assesses the effectiveness of the MagTBO (magnetic nanoparticles and toluidine‐blue ortho) nanoplatform against mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms associated with dental caries. The study employs constant‐depth film fermenter (CDFF) models, known as "artificial mouth," to replicate caries processes and allow biofilm growth over teeth. This method enables the evaluation of biofilm‐induced mineral loss under cariogenic challenge over 5 and 10 days. The study shows that MagTBO improves aPDT's effectiveness against highly mature and complex biofilms over 5 and 10 days. However, the biofilm reduction unaffected the mineral content in the underlying dentin. This presents a promising approach for clinical aPDT protocols. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that these findings are based on in vitro studies and may necessitate further clinical confirmation. In summary, our data indicate that magnetic‐based photosensitizers enhance the modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms by aPDT, offering potential advancements in clinical aPDT protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of photodynamic therapy on chronic periodontitis patients and then evaluated the microbial, immunological, periodontal, and clinical outcomes. The significant effects of photodynamic therapy obtained by in vitro and in vivo studies have made it a popular treatment for periodontal diseases in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is a novel bactericidal strategy that is stronger, faster, and less expensive than scaling and root planing.MethodThis study registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021267008) and retrieved fifty-three randomized controlled trials by searching nine databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Open Gray, Google Scholar, ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2008 to 2023. Of 721 records identified through database searches following title and full-text analysis, and excluding duplicate and irrelevant publications, 53 articles were included in this systematic review. Fifty of the 53 eligible studies fulfilled all the criteria in the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI’s) Checklist for RCTs; the remaining articles met 9–12 criteria and were considered high quality.ResultsThe present study showed that photodynamic therapy in adjunct to scaling and root planing has the potential to improve periodontal parameters such as clinical attachment loss or gain, decrease in bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth. In addition, photodynamic therapy decreases the rate of periodontal pathogens and inflammation markers, which, in turn, reduces the progression of periodontitis.ConclusionPhotodynamic therapy is considered a promising, adjunctive, and low-cost therapeutic method that is effective in tissue repair, reducing chronic periodontitis, reducing inflammation, and well-tolerated by patients.

Background Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal tumors. Advanced esophageal carcinoma is mainly associated with dysphagia. Most elderly patients with severe obstruction esophageal carcinomacannot tolerate anesthesia and invasive treatment due to comorbidities, while the failure to improve dysphagia in the short term will seriously affect the nutritional status, life quality and prognosis of patients. Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of image-guided photodynamic therapy (IGPDT) under local anesthesia for short-term improvement of obstruction and nutritional status in elderly patients with severe obstruction esophageal carcinoma. Methods A total of 24 elderly patients with severe obstruction esophageal carcinoma admitted to Hebei General Hospital from March 2020 to December 2021 were selected for IGPDT in the prospective, single-arm, self-control study. The upper boundary of the lesion was located by endoscopy and marked with metal tissue clips, the lower boundary of the lesion was located by CT and esophagography before treatment. During the treatment, the fiber of laser treatment was delivered to the lesion site under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy during treatment. The Stooler dysphagia score was evaluated before, 1 week and 1 month after operation. The nutritional status of patients was evaluated by nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score, hemoglobin, BMI, albumin and prealbumin before and 2 months after operation. The swallowing quality of life scale (SWAL-QOL) was used to evaluate the quality of life in patients. Results All patients achieved partial response (PR) at 1 month postoperative efficacy evaluation. The Stooler dysphagia scores at 1 week and 1 month after IGPDT were significantly lower than that before operation (P

Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct or alternative to traditional antifungal drugs in the treatment of oral candidiasis, and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for its use in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Methods Computer combined with manual retrieval of China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus retrieval for articles published before January 2023, basic information and required data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Revman V5.4 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis of the included literature. Results A total of 11 articles were included, 7 of which used nystatin as an antifungal drug, 2 of which were combined treatment of PDT and nystatin, 2 of the remaining 4 articles were treated with fluconazole, and 2 were treated with miconazole. Meta results showed that PDT was superior to nystatin in reducing the number of oral candida colonies in the palate of patients MD = -0.87, 95%CI = (-1.52,-0.23), P = 0.008, the difference was statistically significant, and the denture site MD = -1.03, 95%CI = (-2.21, -0.15), P = 0.09, the difference was not statistically significant; compared with the efficacy of fluconazole, RR = 1.01, 95%CI = (0.56,1.83), P = 0.96; compared with miconazole RR = 0.55, 95%CI = (0.38, 0.81), P = 0.002; PDT combined with nystatin RR = 1.27, 95%CI = (1.06, 1.52), P = 0.01; recurrence rate RR = 0.28, 95%CI = (0.09, 0.88), P = 0.03. Conclusions PDT was effective in the treatment of oral candidiasis; PDT was more effective than nystatin for the treatment of denture stomatitis in the palate, while there was no significant difference between the two for the denture site; The efficacy of PDT for oral candidiasis was similar to that of fluconazole; PDT was less effective than miconazole for oral candidiasis; Compared with nystatin alone, the combination of PDT and nystatin is more effective in treating oral candidiasis with less risk of recurrence.

This document is a correction to a study on the effectiveness of Dupilumab for the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema. The correction addresses an error in the layout of a table that provides baseline characteristics of the patients involved in the study. The corrected table includes important information on patient demographics, disease characteristics, and previous treatments. This correction ensures the accuracy of the study's findings and provides valuable information for researchers studying severe chronic hand eczema. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Systemic administration of platinum-based drugs has obvious limitations in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) owing to lower tumor accumulation and uncontrolled release of chemotherapeutics. There is an urgent need for advanced strategies to overcome the current limitations of platinum-based chemotherapy, to achieve maximal therapeutic outcomes with reduced side effects. In this study, self-polymerized platinum (II)-polydopamine nanocomplexes (PtPDs) were tailored for efficient chemo-photoimmunotherapy of BC. PtPDs with high Pt loading content (11.3%) were degradable under the combination of a reductive tumor microenvironment and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, thus controlling the release of Pt ions to achieve efficient chemotherapy. In addition, polydopamine promoted stronger photothermal effects to supplement platinum-based chemotherapy. Consequently, PtPDs provided effective chemo-photothermal therapy of MB49 BC in vitro and in vivo, strengthening the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect and robust anti-tumoral immunity response. When combined with a PD-1 checkpoint blockade, PtPD-based photochemotherapy evoked systemic immune responses that completely suppressed primary and distant tumor growth without inducing systemic toxicities. Our work provides a highly versatile approach through metal-dopamine self-polymerization for the precise delivery of metal-based chemotherapeutic drugs, and may serve as a promising nanomedicine for efficient and safe platinum-based chemotherapy for BC.

Objective: To analyze the effect of methylene blue and 10% curcumin in fungi and bacteria through an in vitro study using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: Curcumin and methylene blue were photosensitized by a Photon Lase III laser applied for 90 s in a dark environment within a laminar flow chamber. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans strains were cultured and standardized. Then, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was conducted for these photosensitizers, with concentration variations and incubation to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Results: With PDT, Curcumin had significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 250 µg/mL). In contrast, methylene blue had antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC < 12.5 µg/mL with PDT) and antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC

The study evaluated the association of DNase I enzyme with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral candidiasis in mice infected with fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) Candida albicans strains. Mice were inoculated with C. albicans, and after the infection had been established, the tongues were exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by photosensitizer [Photodithazine®(PDZ)] and light (LED), either singly or combined. The treatments were performed for 5 consecutive days. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by assessing the tongues via fungal viable population, clinical evaluation, histopathological and fluorescence microscopy methods immediately after finishing treatments, and 7 days of follow-up. The combination of DNase with PDZ-aPDT reduced the fungal viability in mice tongues immediately after the treatments by around 4.26 and 2.89 log10 for CaS and CaR, respectively (versus animals only inoculated). In the fluorescence microscopy, the polysaccharides produced by C. albicans and fungal cells were less labeled in animals treated with the combination of DNase with PDZ-aPDT, similar to the healthy animals. After 7 days of the treatment, DNase associated with PDZ-aPDT maintained a lower count, but not as pronounced as immediately after the intervention. For both strains, mice treated with the combination of DNase with PDZ-aPDT showed remission of oral lesions and mild inflammatory infiltrate in both periods assessed, while animals treated only with PDZ-aPDT presented partial remission of oral lesions. DNase I enzyme improved the efficacy of photodynamic treatment.

Abstract Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) shows promise in eliminating oral pathogens without inducing microbial resistance. Yet, it faces limited biofilm penetration by the photosensitizer, which hinders its efficacy against mature, thick biofilms. This study assesses the effectiveness of the MagTBO (magnetic nanoparticles and toluidine‐blue ortho) nanoplatform against mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms associated with dental caries. The study employs constant‐depth film fermenter (CDFF) models, known as “artificial mouth,” to replicate caries processes and allow biofilm growth over teeth. This method enables the evaluation of biofilm‐induced mineral loss under cariogenic challenge over 5 and 10 days. The study shows that MagTBO improves aPDT's effectiveness against highly mature and complex biofilms over 5 and 10 days. However, the biofilm reduction unaffected the mineral content in the underlying dentin. This presents a promising approach for clinical aPDT protocols. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that these findings are based on in vitro studies and may necessitate further clinical confirmation. In summary, our data indicate that magnetic‐based photosensitizers enhance the modulation of pathogenic oral biofilms by aPDT, offering potential advancements in clinical aPDT protocols.

Objectives: This study investigates the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using riboflavin and a blue diode laser (BDL), combined with shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. The root canals were instrumented, sealed at their apices, had the smear layer removed, and then underwent autoclave sterilization. Subsequently, each canal was inoculated with E. faecalis bacterial suspension and allowed to incubate for ten days. After confirming the presence of biofilms through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in three teeth, the remaining teeth were randomly allocated into nine groups, each containing five teeth: control, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), BDL, SWEEPS + normal saline, SWEEPS + NaOCl, riboflavin, riboflavin + SWEEPS, riboflavin + BDL, and riboflavin + BDL + SWEEPS. After the treatment, the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL were calculated. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for comparisons. Results: All groups, with the exception of the BDL group, exhibited a significant reduction in E. faecalis CFU/mL when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The difference in CFU/mL value between riboflavin + BDL + SWEEPS and riboflavin + SWEEPS was significant (p = 0.029), whereas there was no significant difference between riboflavin + BDL + SWEEPS and riboflavin + BDL (p = 0.397). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the riboflavin + SWEEPS group and the riboflavin + BDL group (p = 0.893). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that combining the SWEEPS technique with riboflavin as a photosensitizer activated by BDL in aPDT effectively reduced the presence of E. faecalis in root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The treatment of vitiligo can be challenging. Up‐to‐date agreed consensus recommendations on the use of topical and systemic therapies to facilitate the clinical management of vitiligo are currently lacking. Objectives: To develop internationally agreed‐upon expert‐based recommendations for the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: In this consensus statement, a consortium of 42 international vitiligo experts and four patient representatives participated in different online and live meetings to develop a consensus management strategy for vitiligo. At least two vitiligo experts summarized the evidence for different topics included in the algorithms. A survey was then given to a core group of eight experts to resolve the remaining issues. Subsequently, the recommendations were finalized and validated based on further input from the entire group during two live meetings. Results: The recommendations provided summarize the latest evidence regarding the use of topical therapies (steroids, calcineurin inhibitors and Jak‐inhibitors) and systemic therapies, including steroids and other systemic immunomodulating or antioxidant agents. The different modalities of phototherapies (NB‐UVB, photochemotherapy, excimer devices and home phototherapy), which are often combined with other therapies, are also summarized. Interventional approaches as well as depigmentation strategies are presented for specific indications. Finally, the status of innovative and targeted therapies under development is discussed. Conclusions: This international consensus statement culminated in expert‐based clinical practice recommendations for the treatment of vitiligo. The development of new therapies is ongoing in vitiligo, and this will likely improve the future management of vitiligo, a disease that still has many unmet needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a natural phenolic compound that possesses a wide-range of pharmacological properties. However, the effects of RosA on influenza A virus-mediated acute lung injury remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore whether RosA could protect against H1N1 virus-mediated lung injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Mice were intragastrically administered with RosA for 2 days before intranasal inoculation of the H1N1 virus (5LD50) for the establishment of an acute lung injury model. At day 7 post-infection (p.i.), gross anatomic lung pathology, lung histopathologic, and lung index (lung weight/body weight) were examined. Luminex assay, multiple immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting and plasmid transfection with hematopoietic-type PGD2 synthase (h-PGDS) overexpression were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms. Results: RosA effectively attenuated H1N1 virus-triggered deterioration of gross anatomical morphology, worsened lung histopathology, and elevated lung index. Excessive pro-inflammatory reactions, aberrant alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, and cytotoxic CD8+ T lung recruitment in the lung tissues induced by H1N1 virus infection were observed to be reduced by RosA treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that RosA treatment dose-dependently suppressed the increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and P38 MAPK signaling pathways in H1N1 virus-infected A549 cells, which was accompanied by promoting activation of the h-PGDS-PGD2-HO-1 signal axis. Furthermore, we strikingly found that h-PGDS inhibition significantly abrogated the inhibitory effects of RosA on H1N1 virus-mediated activation of NF-κB and P38 MAPK signaling pathways, resulting in diminishing the suppressive effects on the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as apoptosis. Finally, suppressing h-PGDS prominently abolished the protective effects of RosA on H1N1 virus-mediated severe pneumonia and lung injury. Conclusions: Taken together, our study demonstrates that RosA is a promising compound to alleviate H1N1 virus-induced severe lung injury through prompting the h-PGDS-PGD2-HO-1 signal axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct or alternative to traditional antifungal drugs in the treatment of oral candidiasis, and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for its use in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Methods: Computer combined with manual retrieval of China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus retrieval for articles published before January 2023, basic information and required data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Revman V5.4 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis of the included literature. Results: A total of 11 articles were included, 7 of which used nystatin as an antifungal drug, 2 of which were combined treatment of PDT and nystatin, 2 of the remaining 4 articles were treated with fluconazole, and 2 were treated with miconazole. Meta results showed that PDT was superior to nystatin in reducing the number of oral candida colonies in the palate of patients MD = -0.87, 95%CI = (-1.52,-0.23), P = 0.008, the difference was statistically significant, and the denture site MD = -1.03, 95%CI = (-2.21, -0.15), P = 0.09, the difference was not statistically significant; compared with the efficacy of fluconazole, RR = 1.01, 95%CI = (0.56,1.83), P = 0.96; compared with miconazole RR = 0.55, 95%CI = (0.38, 0.81), P = 0.002; PDT combined with nystatin RR = 1.27, 95%CI = (1.06, 1.52), P = 0.01; recurrence rate RR = 0.28, 95%CI = (0.09, 0.88), P = 0.03. Conclusions: PDT was effective in the treatment of oral candidiasis; PDT was more effective than nystatin for the treatment of denture stomatitis in the palate, while there was no significant difference between the two for the denture site; The efficacy of PDT for oral candidiasis was similar to that of fluconazole; PDT was less effective than miconazole for oral candidiasis; Compared with nystatin alone, the combination of PDT and nystatin is more effective in treating oral candidiasis with less risk of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease is a severe complication of allogeneic stem cell and bone marrow transplantation. First‐line immunosuppressive agents, such as steroids, are used to prevent this disease; however, they have multiple side effects. Therefore, bath psoralen plus ultraviolet‐A (PUVA) is an alternative second‐line treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of bath PUVA for managing chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. Methods: This retrospective, case–control study included 14 patients with extensive cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, resistant to systemic corticosteroid, treated with bath PUVA. Major and partial responses were defined as clinical improvements of >70% and 50–70%, respectively. We analyzed the graft‐versus‐host disease clinical presentation and timing after allogeneic stem cell and bone marrow transplantation, bath PUVA doses, background diseases, additional treatments, and adverse effects. Results: We observed eight major (three lichenoid and five sclerodermatoid) and six partial (three lichenoid and three sclerodermatoid) responses after a mean of 28 treatment sessions. After 6 to 25 months, four of the eight patients with sclerodermatoid lesions and all those with lichenoid lesions experienced relapse but responded to additional treatment cycles. Conclusions: Bath PUVA is well‐tolerated and effective for extensive cutaneous chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. It allows rapid tapering of adjuvant immunosuppressants; however, most patients require prolonged maintenance phototherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the effect of methylene blue and 10% curcumin in fungi and bacteria through an in vitro study using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: Curcumin and methylene blue were photosensitized by a Photon Lase III laser applied for 90 s in a dark environment within a laminar flow chamber. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans strains were cultured and standardized. Then, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was conducted for these photosensitizers, with concentration variations and incubation to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Results: With PDT, Curcumin had significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 250 μg/mL). In contrast, methylene blue had antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC < 12.5 μg/mL with PDT) and antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC <12.5 μg/mL with or without PDT). Both agents showed greater efficacy in the presence of the laser. The results suggest that curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser may effectively treat microbial infections. Conclusion: Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using these agents in animal and human models and their effectiveness against different bacterial and fungal strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy(PDT) with curcumin and nanocurcumin photosensitizers on collagen-crosslinking and mineral content of human dentine. Materials and methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 14 extracted human third molars were mesiodistally sectioned and underwent Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). Groups: treatment with 5% glutaraldehyde, PDT with curcumin+light emitting diode (LED), PDT with nanocurcumin+LED, and distilled water. FTIR and EDX were repeated after acid etching. Data was analyzed by repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and t-test(alpha=0.05). Results and discussion: Surface treatment of specimens with glutaraldehyde, and PDT with curcumin and nano-curcumin increased the CH2/amide3 ratio but not significantly (P>0.05). These treatments equally decreased the loss of calcium and phosphorous content after acid etching, the three experimental groups showing a significant difference with the negative control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: PDT with curcumin and nano-curcumin increased dentine collagen-crosslinking, and enhanced dentine resistance to demineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomedicines combining multimodal therapeutic modalities supply opportunities to eliminate tumors in a safe and efficient manner. However, the rigid encapsulation and covalent conjugation of different therapeutic reagents suffer from the complicated preparation process, premature drug leakage and severe adverse events. Herein, we report a self-enhanced supramolecular nanomedicine (SND) based on the host−guest molecular recognition between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and camptothecin (CPT) for trimodal synergistic chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) using a single 670 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. Thioketal bond and polyethylene glycol (PEG) segment are introduced into the structure of CPT-tk-PEG prodrug, thus the premature release of CPT is efficiently inhibited and the specific drug release is realized at tumor site where singlet oxygen (1O 2)-generated PDT is performed. A boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) theranostic agent is anchored onto β-CD, endowing SND with capabilities of fluorescence imaging, PDT and PTT. Benefiting from the supramolecular assembly, not only the solubility of CPT is improved by 40 times, but also the blood circulation time and tumor accumulation of SND are greatly promoted. In vivo , SND can effectively induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells, thus performing prominent inhibition against both primary and distal tumors, and even anti-metastasis effect against liver without causing obvious systemic toxicity. Although nanomedicines supply opportunities to eliminate tumors in an efficient manner, they usually suffer from premature drug leakage, complicated preparation process and severe side effects owing to the rigid encapsulation or covalent conjugation. Based on the host−guest molecular recognition, we developed a self-enhanced SND for synergistic chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Introduction of thioketal bond in CPT prodrug avoided the premature drug release, and the specific drug release was realized in the tumor cells. Profiting from the facile supramolecular assembly strategy, SND not only displayed a primary anticancer efficacy with a low systemic toxicity, but also efficiently inhibited the growth of distal tumors, contributing a vaccine-like function to eradicate the recurrent and metastatic tumors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) is the preferred phototherapeutic modality for early-stage folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF), and for early-stage non-FMF refractory to narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB). However, PUVA has a problematic safety profile. Literature on the treatment with the combination of UVA and NBUVB for MF is sparse. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of UVA combined with NBUVB for early-stage MF, specifically for FMF and NBUVB-refractory non-FMF, in adult and pediatric patients. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients treated with UVA combined with NBUVB at our center, during 1/2008–8/2022. Results. The cohort included 51 patients: 35 adults and 16 pediatric patients. The overall response rate (ORR) of 39 patients with early-FMF (25 adults and 14 children) was 95%, and the complete response (CR) was 62%. No significant differences in ORR/CR rates were noted between adult and pediatric patients. Of 12 patients with non-FMF (10 adults and 2 children), the ORR was 83% and the CR was 50%. In 17 patients (8 FMF and 9 non-FMF), prior NBUVB therapy resulted in partial response/stable disease; yet, UVA + NBUVB led to CR in 9 patients (4 FMF and 5 non-FMF). Side effects were minimal. Conclusion. Combined UVA and NBUVB is a good alternative to PUVA for adult or pediatric patients with early-stage MF , with FMF or non-FMF refractory to NBUVB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome are the most common forms of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Early‐stage MF is known to have an indolent behavior, and the EORTC guidelines recommend treating patients with skin‐directed therapies, such as phototherapy, instead of systemic therapies. Phototherapy is a popular therapeutic option, with two commonly used light sources—PUVA and narrow band‐nb UVB. PUVA is less commonly used due to its potential carcinogenic role, but it has systemic effects, while nb‐UVB has mostly skin‐limited effects. There is ongoing debate regarding the role of UVB light, and in 2021, the Cutaneous Lymphoma Italian Study Group reached a consensus on technical schedules for NB‐UVB and PUVA for MF. This study aims to analyze and compare the efficacy of the two phototherapy options in treating early‐MF patients. Materials and methods: The study included patients diagnosed with stage IA/B MF in the last 10 years, who had at least 12 months of follow‐up data and a minimum of 24 phototherapy sessions (PUVA or nb UVB) and treated with topical steroids apart from phototherapy. Results: Results showed that the two phototherapy options were similarly effective in treating early MF, with no significant differences in clinical response, although PUVA was associated with more adverse effects. Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into the use of phototherapy in early MF, and the results can be used to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Skin‐directed therapies, including phototherapy, are the first‐line treatment modalities. Psoralen plus ultraviolet A light photochemotherapy (PUVA) is quite effective in controlling the disease; however, long‐term adverse effects, particularly carcinogenesis, are the cons of this treatment. Objective: There are various studies on the negative impact of PUVA on skin cancer in patients with autoimmune skin diseases. The data on the long‐term effects of phototherapy on MF patients are scarce. Methods: All MF cases that received PUVA alone or combined with other treatments at a single tertiary center were analyzed. This study compared the development of non‐melanoma skin cancers, melanoma, and solid organ tumors in MF patients with at least 5‐year follow‐up data with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in the study. Ninety‐two malignancies were detected in 16 (15.4%) patients, and six developed multiple malignancies. Skin cancers consisted of 56 basal cell carcinomas, 16 Bowen's disease, four squamous cell carcinomas, three melanomas, two basosquamous cell carcinomas, one Kaposi sarcoma, and one keratoacanthoma were found in nine (8.7%) patients. Eight patients developed three solid cancers and six lymphomas. The risk of developing skin cancer was associated with the total number of PUVA sessions (<250 vs ≥250 sessions; hazard ratio (HR) 4.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.033–19.068; p =.045). 9 (13.2%) of 68 patients who had follow‐ups for at least 5 years developed skin cancer. Compared to an age‐ and sex‐matched cohort, the prevalence of new skin cancer was considerably greater (p =.009). Conclusions: Patients with MF are predisposed to develop secondary malignancies, and continual exposure to PUVA may potentiate this risk. Annual digital dermoscopic follow‐up in MF patients treated with UVA is advised for early diagnosis and treatment of secondary cutaneous malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. The development of new and effective therapeutic approaches in the treatment of breast cancer is an important challenge in modern oncology. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures are most often used in the study of compounds with potential anti-tumor nature. However, it is necessary to develop advanced three-dimensional (3D) cell models that can, to some extent, reflect the physiological conditions. The use of miniature cancer-on-a-chip microfluidic systems can help to mimic the complex cancer microenvironment. In this report, we developed a 3D breast cancer model in the form of a cell multilayer, composed of stromal cells (HMF) and breast cancer parenchyma (MCF-7). The developed cell model was successfully used to analyze the effectiveness of combined sequential photochemotherapy, based on doxorubicin and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. We proved that the key factor that allows achieving the synergistic effect of combination therapy are the order of drug administration to the cells and the sequence of therapeutic procedures. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the effectiveness of combination photochemotherapy depending on the sequence of the component drugs were performed for the first time under microfluidic conditions on a 3D multilayered model of breast cancer tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a recent increase in the development of delivery systems based on red blood cells (RBCs) for light-mediated imaging and therapeutic applications. These constructs are able to take advantage of the immune evasion properties of the RBC, while the addition of an optical cargo allows the particles to be activated by light for a number of promising applications. Here, we review some of the common fabrication methods to engineer these constructs. We also present some of the current light-based applications with potential for clinical translation, and offer some insight into future directions in this exciting field.

Nuclei and mitochondria are the only cellular organelles containing genes, which are specific targets for efficient cancer therapy. So far, several photosensitizers have been reported for mitochondria targeting, and another few have been reported for nuclei targeting. However, none have been reported for photosensitization in both mitochondria and nucleus, especially in cascade mode, which can significantly reduce the photosensitizers needed for maximal treatment effect. Herein, a light-driven, mitochondria-to-nucleus cascade dual organelle cancer cell ablation strategy is reported. A functionalized iridium complex, named BT-Ir, is designed as a photosensitizer, which targets mitochondria first for photosensitization and subsequently is translocated to a cell nucleus for continuous photodynamic cancer cell ablation. This strategy opens new opportunities for efficient photodynamic therapy.