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To translate the English version Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) into the Chinese version and test its reliability and validity in preschool children.To create the Chinese version of the CFNS, it was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted. The use of the Chinese version of CFNS by 575 parents of preschool children in two kindergartens in Yangzhou City was investigated using cluster sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.The Chinese version of CFNS has nine items in total. The scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 2 common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 49.437%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the 2-factor model was well fitted. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the scale was 0.759, the Cronbach'α coefficients of the two factors were 0.735 and 0.713, the split-half reliability was 0.788, and the test-retest reliability was 0.756.The Chinese version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale has good reliability and validity in preschool children and can be used as an assessment tool for food neophobia in preschool children in China.This study has gone through a rigorous translation process, and the CFNS may support future exploration of food neophobia in preschool children. Food allergy factors in the results may be the next step in the research, and several studies are still needed to understand the relationship between food allergy and food neophobia.

A comparison between the photoelectric performance of a two-dimensional MnTe-based photodetector and a two-dimensional MnTe–WS2-based photodetector.

We have previously reported that Gypenoside LXXV (GP-75), a novel natural PPARγ agonist isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, ameliorated cognitive deficits in db/db mice. In this study, we further investigated the beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and a mouse model of diabetic AD (APP/PS1xdb/db mice). Interestingly, intragastric administration of GP-75 (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 months significantly attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. GP-75 treatment markedly reduced the levels of glucose, HbA1c and insulin in serum and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Notably, GP-75 treatment decreased the β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, as measured by

This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary fiber content and density were associated with female infertility in the USA. Data on current dietary fiber and current or past female infertility were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018 cycles. Infertility was identified with the question "Have you ever tried a year to become pregnant: ever attempted to become pregnant over a period of at least a year without becoming pregnant?" The association between dietary fiber and female infertility was analyzed by weighted multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the body mass index (BMI) of women. False discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values (q values) 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Totally 2370 women were eligible for analysis. Dietary fiber content was negatively associated with female infertility [odds ratio (OR) = 0.643, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.480-0.861, P = 0.004, q = 0.020]. Dietary fiber density was not associated with the odds of female infertility (OR = 0.734, 95% CI = 0.573-0.941, P = 0.016, q = 0.079). Subgroup analysis exhibited that dietary fiber content was not associated with infertility in underweight and normal-weight (OR = 0.620, 95% CI = 0.332-1.157, P = 0.130, q = 0.467) and overweight (OR = 0.764, 95% CI = 0.523-1.117, P = 0.160, q = 0.553) women; dietary fiber content was inversely associated with infertility in obese women (OR = 0.610, 95% CI = 0.443-0.841, P = 0.003, q = 0.015). There were no significant associations between dietary fiber density and female infertility in underweight and normal-weight (OR = 0.673, 95% CI = 0.393-1.153, P = 0.146, q = 0.410), overweight (OR = 0.769, 95% CI = 0.534-1.107, P = 0.153, q = 0.523), and obese (OR = 0.753, 95% CI = 0.581-0.975, P = 0.032, q = 0.160) populations. In conclusion, a negative association was found between dietary fiber content and female infertility especially among obese women. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and the causal relationship between dietary fiber, obesity, and female infertility.

The immune profile in primary resected hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) and its prognostic value remain to be defined.We enrolled 100 patients with HPSCC underwent primary surgical resection at our department. HPSCC samples were examined using immunohistochemistry for the expressions of CD8, Foxp3, CD163, CD66B, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and interferon (IFN)-γ. The immune pattern of the tumor microenvironment (TME) was discriminated into inflamed and non-inflamed tumors based on the presence or absence of parenchymal CD8We found that 74% of HPSCC cases in our cohort were characterized by an immune-inflamed TME. Immune-inflamed patterns demonstrated an inferior survival with a significantly increased density of CD163The immune-inflamed pattern is the predominant preexisting immune phenotype in HPSCC and demonstrates immunosuppressive immune cell recruitment.

Background Bladder cancer is classified into high and low grades with different clinical treatments and prognoses. Thus, accurate preoperative evaluation of the histologic grade through imaging techniques is essential. Purpose To investigate the potential of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI in evaluating the grade of bladder cancer and to evaluate whether APTw MRI can add value to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at MRI. Materials and Methods In this single-center prospective study, participants with pathologic analysis-confirmed bladder cancer with no previous treatment, lesions larger than 10 mm, and adequate MRI quality were enrolled from July 2020 to September 2021 in a university teaching hospital. All participants underwent preoperative multiparametric MRI, including APTw MRI and DWI. The mean APTw and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the primary tumor were measured independently by two radiologists. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these quantitative parameters. Results In total, 83 participants (mean age, 64 years ± 13 [SD]; 72 men) were evaluated: 51 with high-grade and 32 with low-grade bladder cancer. High-grade bladder cancer showed higher APTw values (6% [IQR, 4%-12%] vs 2% [IQR, 1%-3%]

To review and analyse the evidence on the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for preterm infants to relieve endotracheal suctioning (ES) pain.A systematic review per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Six databases were searched with a retrieval strategy. Parallel and crossover randomized controlled trials reporting non-pharmacological interventions for relieving ES pain in preterm infants were identified from inception to 1 September 2021. The protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42021276058).Ten studies were retrieved, including nine different non-pharmacological interventions. Seven studies reported that non-pharmacological interventions in relieving pain were more effective than conventional care during ES, and three trials reported its safety. Due to the heterogeneity of pain assessment tools, time of assessment and population, only Facilitated tucking had sufficient evidence that it is a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention.

Body image (BI) is a multidimensional construct that refers to one’s perceptions of and attitudes toward one’s own physical characteristics. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which concerns about BI increase. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate body image and aesthetic body shape standards in a sample of middle school students living in China. The researchers gathered demographic information, as well as height and weight data, for their study. They used a body silhouette to assess body image perception and body shape aesthetics and calculated two indexes: BIP, which measures the accuracy of self-perception and the estimation of bodily dimensions, and BIS, which indicates the difference between an individual’s perceived and ideal body images. A total of 1585 students in three grades at two middle schools were included in the study (759 = female, mean age = 13.67 ± 0.90; 839 = male, mean age = 13.70 ± 0.90). The results showed that the BIP bias rate of middle school students was 55.7%, and the BI dissatisfaction rate was 81.0%. Females tended to overestimate their body shape and desire to be thinner compared to males. Students with a higher BMI grading were more prone to underestimating their body shape and aspiring to be thinner. Furthermore, 8.6% of students chose underweight as the ideal body type for boys, while 22.6% chose underweight as the ideal body type for girls. In conclusion, there are significant gender differences in the aesthetic standards of body shape, and adolescents believe that for women, a thin body shape is beautiful.

Fluorescence imaging is a noninvasive and dynamic real-time imaging technique; however, it exhibits poor spatial resolution in centimeter-deep tissues because biological tissues are highly scattering media for optical radiation. The recently developed ultrasound-controlled fluorescence (UCF) imaging is a novel imaging technique that can overcome this bottleneck. Previous studies suggested that the effective contrast agent and sensitive imaging system are the two pivotal factors for generating high-resolution UCF images ex vivo and/or in vivo. Here, this review highlights the recent advances (2015–2020) in the design and synthesis of contrast agents and the improvement of imaging systems to realize high-resolution UCF imaging of deep tissues. The imaging performances of various UCF systems, including the signal-to-noise ratio, imaging resolution, and imaging depth, are specifically discussed. In addition, the challenges and prospects are highlighted. With continuously increasing research interest in this field and emerging multidisciplinary applications, UCF imaging with higher spatial resolution and larger imaging depth may be developed shortly, which is expected to have a far-reaching impact on disease surveillance and/or therapy.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been previously shown to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) which is one of the most decisive risk factors for the faster progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis or advanced cirrhosis. However, the critical molecular pathway involved in the development of diabetic-induced liver injury is unclear. By the proteomic study of liver from high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice, we revealed that the upregulation of S100A9 was involved in the development of NAFLD with DM. Moreover, we found that S100A9 silencing decreased proinflammatory response and inhibited the TLR4-NF-κB signaling in in-vitro study. Our findings provide new perspectives into the pivotal role of S100A9 for development of diabetic NAFLD and revealed that S100A9 is a critical molecule that links liver injury to inflammation of NAFLD with DM.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of integrated parallel acquisition technology (iPAT) on the robustness of magnetic resonance imaging radiomic features.A phantom and 6 healthy volunteers were scanned on a clinical 3-T system using T1-weighted (S1), T1-weighted fluid-attenuated (S2), T2-weighted fluid-attenuated (S3), and T2-weighted (S4); 2 iPAT flavors (generalized autocalibration partially parallel acquisitions and modified sensitivity encoding [mSENSE]) and their different acceleration factors R. Radiomic features were extracted, and their robustness was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), and differences between sequences and region of interest (ROI) were evaluated using the χ2 test.One volunteer was excluded because of movement during imaging acquisition. Generalized autocalibration partially parallel acquisitions provided more radiomic features with excellent robustness than mSENSE. Radiomic features with excellent robustness, unaffected by iPAT across different sequences and ROIs, in 92 radiomic features for phantom and healthy volunteers are 6.5% and 2.2%. For phantom, difference in the robustness degree between 4 sequences/P-ROIs was significant according to χ2 test; S2 and S3 could provide more excellent robust radiomic features than S1 and S4, and P-ROI3 filled with the biggest polystyrene particles could provide the most radiomic features with excellent robustness than the other P-ROIs. For healthy volunteers, only the difference in the degree of robustness between the 4 V-ROIs was significant, and V-ROI3 in white matter region of the left frontal lobe, which was located at periphery in image, could provide the most robust radiomic features compared with other V-ROIs.Integrated parallel acquisition technology had a significant impact on the robustness of radiomic features. Generalized autocalibration partially parallel acquisitions delivered a more robust substrate for radiomic analyses than mSENSE.

Recent compelling results indicate possible links between neurotransmitters, intestinal mucosal IgA + B cell responses, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter-2 (GAT-2) deficiency induces intestinal germinal center (GC) B cell differentiation and worsens the symptoms of IgAN in a mouse model. Mechanistically, GAT-2 deficiency enhances GC B cell differentiation through activation of GABA–mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. In addition, IgAN patients have lower GAT-2 expression but higher activation of mTORC1 in blood B cells, and both are correlated with kidney function in IgAN patients. Collectively, this study describes GABA signaling–mediated intestinal mucosal immunity as a previously unstudied pathogenesis mechanism of IgAN and challenges the current paradigms of IgAN.

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Thiopurines including 6-thioguanine (SG), 6-mercaptopurine, and azathioprine are effective anticancer agents with remarkable success in clinical practice, especially in effective treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). SG is understood to act as a DNA hypomethylating agent in ALL cells, however, the underlying mechanism leading to global cytosine demethylation remains unclear. Here we report that SG treatment results in reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes in T leukemia cells. Bisulfite genomic sequencing revealed that SG treatment universally elicited demethylation in the promoters and/or first exons of the genes that were reactivated. SG treatment also attenuated the expression of histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), thereby stimulating lysine methylation of the DNA methylase DNMT1 and triggering its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Taken together, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized but vital mechanistic link between SG treatment and DNA hypomethylation. Cancer Res; 71(5); 1904–11. ©2011 AACR.

Objectives: To compare the prognosis, complication and cosmetic results of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) with those of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for 2-5cm BC patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in two academic centers, which enrolled 224 invasive BC patients treated with MWA (n=39) or BCS (n=185) from November 2015 to February 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at 1:2 and the baseline characteristics were well balanced between MWA (n=32) and BCS (n=56) group thereafter. Prognosis was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curves. Association between treatment modality and disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed using seven different Cox proportional hazards models. Results: After PSM, during a median follow-up of 33 months (interquartile range: 21.25, 51.00 months), between MWA and BCS group, there was no statistic difference in 3-year DFS (95.03% vs 98.26%, P=0.171) and 3-year local tumor progression (LTP, 3.39% vs 1.20%, P =0.438). Statistically comparable DFS and LTP were also achieved for the 2-3 cm and 3-5 cm BC subgroups. Consistent results were validated by seven survival models in DFS (all, P>0.05). Compared to BCS, patients in MWA group reported better cosmetic results (P =0.004), spent shorter operative time (56.96 min vs 86.30 min, P=0.002), while with higher costs (24,063.85 RMB vs 15,399.32 RMB, PConclusion: With survival models validation, this pilot study suggests that MWA may be a potential alternative local therapy for selected 2-5cm BC patients, especially those not indicated for surgery. Complete ablation is the key to achieving no statistical difference between MWA and BCS.

The multicenter study aimed to explore the relationship between the growth pattern of liver metastases on preoperative MRI and early recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) after surgery.A total of 348 CRCLM patients from 3 independent centers were enrolled, including 130 patients with 339 liver metastases in the primary cohort and 218 patients in validation cohorts. Referring to the gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the growth pattern of each liver metastasis on MRI was classified into four types: rough, smooth, focal extranodular protuberant (FEP), and nodular confluent (NC). Disease-free survival (DFS) curve was constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method.In primary cohort, 42 (12.4%) of the 339 liver metastases were rough type, 237 (69.9%) were smooth type, 29 (8.6%) were FEP type, and 31 (9.1%) were NC type. Those patients with FEP- and/or NC-type liver metastases had shorter DFS than those without such metastases (p0.05). However, there were no significant differences in DFS between patients with rough- and smooth-type liver metastases and those without such metastases. The patients with FEP- and/or NC-type liver metastases also had shorter DFS than those without such metastases in two external validation cohorts. In addition, 40.5% of high-risk-type (FEP and NC) liver metastases converted to low-risk types (rough and smooth) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The FEP- and NC-type liver metastases were associated with early recurrence, which may facilitate the clinical treatment of CRCLM patients.• In the primary cohort, patients with FEP- and NC-type metastases had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and a higher intrahepatic recurrence rate than patients without such metastases in the liver. • In the primary cohort, there were no significant differences in DFS or intrahepatic recurrence rate between patients with rough- and smooth-type metastases and those without such metastases in the liver. • High-risk patients had shorter DFS and a higher intrahepatic recurrence rate than low-risk patients in primary and external validation cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Classification of action intention understanding is extremely important for human computer interaction. Many studies on the action intention understanding classification mainly focus on binary classification, while the classification accuracy is often unsatisfactory, not to mention multi-class classification. METHOD: To complete the multi-class classification task of action intention understanding brain signals effectively, we propose a novel feature extraction procedure based on thresholding graph metric. RESULTS: Both the alpha frequency band and full-band obtained considerable classification accuracies. Compared with other methods, the novel method has better classification accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Brain activity of action intention understanding is closely related to the alpha band. The new feature extraction procedure is an effective method for the multi-class classification of action intention understanding brain signals.