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Diplomsko delo prikazuje pregled organizacije arheološke stroke v Republiki Srbski, v Bosni in Hercegovini in je zagotovo enkratna priložnost za kratko predstavitev organizacij, zakonodaj, muzejskih mrež in izobraževanja v RS. Na področju varstva kulturne dediščine delujeta Komisija za zaščito nacionalnih spomenikov BiH in Republiški zavod za zaščito kulturno- zgodovinske in naravne dediščine RS. Arheološke oddelke imajo številni muzeji, v zaključnem delu je na kratko opisanih devet iz Republike Srbske. Filozofska fakulteta v Banja Luki pa je po svoji ustanovitvi l. 1994 postopoma pričela uvajati arheološke vsebine, vendar arheološkega programa še nima. The diploma thesis presents an overview of the organization of the archaeological profession in the Republic of Srpska, in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is certainly a unique opportunity for a short presentation of organizations, legislation, museum networks and education in the Republic of Srpska. In the field of protection of cultural heritage, the Commission for the Protection of National Monuments of BiH and the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage of the RS operate. Numerous museums have archaeological departments, and nine from the Republic of Srpska are briefly described in the concluding part. After its establishment, the Faculty of Arts in Banja Luka in 1994 gradually began to introduce archaeological content, but it does not yet have an archaeological program.

Pravica do samoodločbe narodov predstavlja izziv za sodobno Evropo, secesionizem pa v Evropi še vedno obstaja kot eno od pomembnih vprašanj tako politične teorije kot tudi prakse. Danes obstaja mnogo območij, regij in političnih entitet, ki dokaj odkrito propagirajo in javno izražajo željo po politični samostojnosti. Ena od njih je tudi Republika Srbska (v nadaljevanju: RS), ki že vrsto let teži k odcepitvi od Bosne in Hercegovine (v nadaljevanju: BiH). Na primeru RS je bila retorika vlade in glavnih političnih strank večinoma usmerjena k spodbujanju odcepitve in potencialne združitve z Republiko Srbijo, še posebej med predvolilnimi obdobji. Prav tako so bile stalno prisotne grožnje z odcepitvenim referendumom s strani RS provokacije ostalih konstitutivnih narodov s praznovanjem neustavnega praznika RS in pogoste, k secesionizmu nagibajoče izjave političnega vodstva. Za RS je zelo pomembna tudi podpora zunaj njenih meja, še posebej s strani Republike Srbije in Ruske federacije (v nadaljevanju: RF), medtem ko je večinska podpora odcepitvi s strani bosanskih Srbov vedno prisotna. Glede na potek dogodkov pa gre očitno bolj za »prazno grožnjo« s strani vlade RS in glavnih političnih strank kot pa za ofenzivno politiko, ki bi spodkopavala državnost in ozemeljsko celovitost BiH The right to self-determination of nations presents a challenge for modern Europe, as secessionism in Europe still exists as on of the key issues of both political theory and practice. Today, there is a wide range of territories, regions and political entities that openly propagate and publicly express their own desire for political independence. One of them is also the Republic of Srpska (RS) which has been striving to secede from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for many years. In the case of RS, the rhetoric of the government and the main political parties was mostly inclined to the encouragement of the secession and a potential unification with the Republic of Serbia, especially during the pre-election periods. Threats of a secession referendum by the RS were constantly present along with the provocations of other constitutional nations concerning the celebration of the unconstitutional holiday of the RS and constant secessionist statements coming from the political leadership of RS. Foreign support is also a crucial factor for RS, especially the support emanating from the Republic of Serbia as well as the Russian Federation, while the majority support for secession by Bosnian Serbs is always present. Given the course of events, this is clearly a hollow threat originating from the government of the RS and the main political parties and is definitely not an offensive policy that could in any way undermine the statehood and territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Republic of Srpska (RS) covers an area of 24,666 km2 or about 48.5% of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s territory. Spatial and environmental changes accelerated due to dynamic historical period upon the RS formation and the following development period. The extent of these changes can be determined by comparing satellite images obtained from different acquisition periods. By processing images, with the support of geographic information systems, it is possible to create a database that aims to analyze spatial processes in a specific area in order to determine quantitative and qualitative parameters. In this way, the trends of spatial development (e.g. excessive logging, land cover damage, water pollution, etc.) and potentially vulnerable components of the environment can be monitored. The data for Bosnia and Herzegovina were collected from CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database for 39 European countries. The CLC is a project launched by the European Environment Agency (EEA) more than thirty years ago with the aim of collecting, coordinating and ensuring the consistency of information on natural resources and the environment. The goal of the paper is to identify land cover types and determine environment changes in the territory of Republic of Srpska over the period 2000–2018 as a consequence of the land use conversion.

Introduction. Mental health is related to risky driving behavior and traffic accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate both social and demographic characteristics of drivers, as well as the connection between mental health and risky driving behavior among drivers in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The study was part of the population health survey conducted in the Republic of Srpska in 2010. The survey included 1866 households and a total of 4178 adults were interviewed (1688 drivers and 2490 non-drivers). The Chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used for data analysis. Results. Among 4178 respondents, 59.6% were non-drivers and 40.4% were drivers. There were significantly higher percentage of male drivers (73.3%), adults aged 25-54 years (66.1%), who lived in rural areas (55.3%) and were in employment (50.1%). Significantly higher percentage of drivers (58.2%) were present in the category with score values 58 to 78 on the mental distress scale, while most non-drivers were found in the category with mental distress score values 58 and lower (43.2%), p < 0.001. Also, a significantly higher percentage of non-drivers (91.5%) were found in the category with the lowest level of mental vitality (≥ 62.5), while the percentage of drivers increased in categories with higher scores on the mental vitality scale (p < 0.001). Persons driving under the influence of alcohol had lower values on the mental distress scale (p < 0.05, eta square = 0.005), while those who tended to use mobile phones while driving achieved higher scores on the mental vitality scale (p < 0.001, eta square = 0.15). Conclusion. Study results have revealed significant differences in the level of mental health between drivers and non-drivers. People who drive under the influence of alcohol have a lower level of mental health, taking into account the results on the mental distress scale, while those who use mobile phones while driving have a higher level of mental vitality. In subsequent research, it is necessary to thoroughly examine the influence of mental health on tendency towards risky driving behavior.

Socio-economic and socio-cultural inequalities in the Republic of Srpska have been maintained and developed further by the influence of accepted abandonment of the command planning mode of business inherent in the former socialist system and the cumulative effect of the whole set of unfavorable factors contained in the ' post-socialist transition. ' The paper will present part of the results of the empirical research on social changes in the Republic of Srpska, which relate to the questioning of the respondents about what are the deviations and social problems expressed in our society, their causes and consequences. For the purpose of collecting data, quota questionnaire was used, which was composed of several units, and which corresponded to the research objectives, and for the purposes of the work a descriptive method was used. Empirical data from our social research were observed through Merton's anomie theory or strain theory which was fundamental for making hypothesis as well as analysis and interpretation of the results. Our analysis can be considered from other theories in criminology but in the specific moment of our research, the Merton's theory was considered as the most acceptable for representation of deviant occurrences in our society conditioned by specific social and cultural factors. Gathered results should primarily be used for raising awareness in our society regarding analysed deviances, so that proper measures could be taken in the direction of improvement of social conditions and, if possible, healing the value system. Finding that more than one half of the examinees are unemployed, and between 25-31 years of age (58,3%) and 32-38 years of age (43,9%) (the best life age physically speaking; reproductive life age), supports Merton's anomie concept because structural disturbances in society made them impossible to fulfill default cultural aims like material success in any legitimate way. Tis provides space for development of deviant occurrences as well as achieving set goals in a socially unacceptable way. Devious occurrences are, in most cases, the consequence of poor adaptability both of an individual and a society to new global trends in all spheres. Toy represent, in a certain way, an image of deviations which are a product of discrepancy between (still) traditional bondage and global pressures. This is typical for societies going through transitional period and trying to 'fit in' contemporary development trends. However, such strivings are reflected in that individuals - almost every day - have to face uncertainty in regard to their employment, work careers, short term jobs, unstable pensions, poor economic growth, and poor social care. In this regard, the society of Republika Srpska (as well as of entire BH) faces deindustrialisation, transitional recession, sale of national resources to foreign investors, unemployment, poverty; and, generally speaking, loss of social rights. So, for most people from such a society there remains a hope that - in a series of different social and political changes, economic crisis, depopulation, refugees, poverty among all those who could not adopt to the new trends in the last twenty years - they will not have to look for 'solutions' in different destructive directions, such as, in this case, violence.

The global crisis has led to the requestioning of the justification of economic growth based on borrowing. The issue of public spending and public debt has become particularly important for small and opened economies that are not sufficiently competitive on the world market. If one such country seeks to enter the EU, the rules on the amount of total borrowing and public debt can be a significant obstacle. In recent years, Republic of Srpska has been borrowing rapidly, so in the academic community is already concerned about the possibility and price of servicing those debts. The paper gives a theoretical explanation of the public debt and the needs for borrowing, then to set out the rules on debt level limitation. In the final part, the indicators of indebtedness of Republic of Srpska were presented on the basis of the available information, with the conclusion that this is a medium-indebted country, but also a country that is very vulnerable when it comes to maintaining macroeconomic stability and regular debt servicing

The main paper goal is to create an adequate trend model by applying a quantitative research method, i.e. trend analysis that will enable prediction of apple production in the Republic of Srpska for a three-year period (2019-2021). Trend analysis involved the use of linear, quadratic and exponential trend models. Prediction is based on data time series for the period 1998-2018. Gained results show that although the unstable production it could be expected the growth of total production and number of apple trees, while apple yields are expected to decline in the observed period. Obtained results can serve for strategic approach in further development of this sector of fruit production.

The subject of the analysis of this paper is public opinion in the Republic of Srpska about the program of the Republic of Srpska Television, the nature and character of this media segment of the public service of the Republic of Srpska and its role in the media system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the survey showed that the program of Republic of Srpska Television is the most viewed in Republic of Srpska. Public reliance in the broadcasts of Republic of Srpska Television records the highest percentages, but also small differences in relation to the trust that audiences give to the programs of commercial television stations in Republic of Srpska. The survival of the Republic of Srpska Radio-television, as the Public Media Service of Republic of Srpska, according to the results of the survey, has undivided public support, which considers that Republic of Srpska Television, created at the same time as Republic of Srpska, should be separated from the public broadcasting system of BiH and achieve institutional independence and autonomy within political, social, economic and media system of Republic of Srpska. The material for the analysis was obtained through a survey of 1000 respondents, territorially organized in six zones, in 19 cities and municipalities of Republic of Srpska. The doctoral thesis entitled The emergence and development of the Republic of Srpska Television and its role in the media system of Bosnia and Herzegovina is focused on the consideration of the media system of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its existing structure, normative regulation and institutional framework which, as one entity, is the Republic of Srpska Television. Part of this research topic are the agents as determinants of the influence on the media system, especially considering the political system of BiH and political parallelism in the media, social factors, as well as the configuration of the media system of BiH under the direct influence of the international community. The thesis analyzes the emergence of the first state-owned electronic media in Republic of Srpska, the Television of the serbian people in the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Channel S, the creation of the media system of Republic of Srpska through the formation of the Serbian Radio- television / SRT / within the political and economic system and the activities of political parties and government. The structure of this work is a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part of the work is a set of theoretical settings and considerations in the study of television as a mass media, media systems and public services. The intention is to analyze the role and significance of the Republic of Srpska Television, which is constituted as a national emitter, the processes of its transformation and restructuring through the chronological depiction of development and theoretical typology in science. The analysis covers the position of the Republic of Srpska Television, its status within the complex and specific media system of BiH, as well as the mutual relations and activities of the subjects of the Public Broadcasting System of BiH. Considering the structure, a complex methodology was applied, from basic methods of scientific research analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and from general methods - modeling and comparative method. The historical method was also applied. We used the method of testing - the survey technique and the method of analyzing the content of various documents.

The social protection system in Republic of Srpska shares the fate of other areas of social policy. It emerged on the legacy of the institutional-legal and value system of the former socialist society, which developed under the influence of unfavorable social processes and frequent interventions by international institutions. War events that marked the creation period of the Republic of Srpska had a decisive influence on the practice and content of social protection measures, and the collapse of the old political and value system and its transition to the neoliberal ideological concept of 'the state's (not) caring for citizens,' created new and intensified already existing social problems. Under such conditions, the social protection system has faced a very demanding task, which refers to: How to provide social security to the socially most vulnerable members of society? The four stages in the development of this system are determined by the system's efforts to answer this question. The study of the development of the social protection system is a contribution to the understanding of the processes and content of the measures that the state has sought to improve the systematic care of the socially most vulnerable groups of citizens. It is an attempt to explain the current state of the system and its future development as part of a continuing process. It is also a contribution to the history of social work and social policy of the Republic of Srpska. The criteria used in the preparation of this periodization were related primarily to the state of the system, system solutions and the achieved level of customer support. Data periodization provides insight into the key moments that have determined the twenty-five-year development of the social protection system of the Republic of Srpska. During the analysis, available official documents of the institutions of the system were used, as well as reports of project activities of non-governmental organizations and personal testimonies of direct actors of events and creators of system solutions in the field of Social protection.

In accordance with the principle of sustainable development human population is increasingly returning to nature and its original values. Biodegradable products, products of organic origin are also known as healthy food, medicinal and aromatic plants. Wood and nonwood forest products (NWFPs) are forestry products that satisfy criteria of ecological production and as such appear on the market within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) targeted use of these products, which opens the possibility of developing small and medium entrepreneurship. The aim of this research is the knowledge acquired in a survey of documents relevant for the business of selected enterprises in the Republic of Srpska, from the establishment of enterprises by the Agency for Intermediary, IT and Financial Services to documents applied in purchase, processing and sales of wood and NWFPs. The subject of this study are documents relevant for use in the purchase, processing and placement of wood and NWFPs. The purpose of this paper is to show the business method of analyzed enterprises and present the model of the institutions, procedures and documents referring to wood and NWFPs purchase, processing and placement in the Republic of Srpska.

Objective: Irrational use of antimicrobials is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance, exacerbated by dispensing antibiotics without a prescription. Our previous study suggested this was a problem in the Republic of Srpska despite legislation. Since then, a number of activities have been initiated. Consequently, the study aimed to ascertain whether these multiple initiatives had reduced this. Methods: Patients visiting all community pharmacies in the Republic from October 2014 to July 2015 presenting with symptoms typical of an acute, viral, and mostly uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection, with results compared to the previous study. If an antibiotic was suggested, the maximum allowance was €3/pack. Findings: Self-medication with antibiotics significantly decreased from 58% to 18.5% of pharmacies. In both studies, most patients were offered over-the-counter medication. The most common reason for not dispensing an antibiotic was “antibiotics can be dispensed with a prescription only.” The penicillins were the most dispensed antibiotic. Fewer patients than the previous study were given instructions about antibiotic use and no discussion on their side effects. Conclusion: While encouraging that self-medication decreased significantly, 18.5% were disappointing given recent initiatives. Fewer instructions about antibiotics if an antibiotic was dispensed were also disappointing. This suggests the need for even stronger enforcement of the laws as well as further training of pharmacy personnel to ensure the future appropriate use of medicines.

The presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus was examined in forty clinical samples of spleen, lymph nodes and lungs originating from non-vaccinated swine by polymerase chain reaction. All animals were reared in extensive livestock farming systems in different geographical districts of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Porcine circovirus 2 DNA was detected in four lymph node and two spleen samples (15%), while porcine parvovirus DNA was identified in five lymph node samples (12.5%). The presence of both viruses was detected in three lymph node samples (7.5%). Partial nucleotide sequence of ORF1 gene of 2 porcine circovirus 2 and VP2 gene of 2 porcine parvovirus isolates was determined. The nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates from RS-BIH included in phylogenetic typing are similar and cluster together with the strain Mantova isolated from domestic pigs in Italy, strains DE006-14 and DE222-13 isolated from pigs in Germany as well as with the strain Jvnan isolated from pigs in China. Also, analyzed PCV2 isolates were partially similar to the strain NIV-C SRB isolated from pigs in Serbia. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates that were included in phylogenetic typing showed a high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated from pigs in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated from pigs in China. Prisustvo svinjskog cirkovirusa 2 i parvovirusa svinja ispitano je u četrdeset uzoraka (slezina, limfni čvorovi, pluća) poreklom od nevakcinisanih svinja primenom lančane reakcije polimeraze. Sve životinje su bile iz ekstenzivnog načina gajenja i iz različitih regiona Republike Srpske, BiH. Četiri uzorka limfnih čvorova i dva uzorka slezine su bili pozitivni na prisustvo DNK svinjskog cirkovirusa 2 (15%), dok je kod pet uzoraka limfnih čvorova utvrđeno prisustvo DNK parvovirusa svinja (12.5%). U uzorcima poreklom od tri svinje utvrđeno je prisustvo nukleinske kiseline oba prethodno navedena virusa (7.5%). Metodom sekvenciranja određena je nukleotidna sekvenca dela ORF1 gena dva izolata svinjskog cirkovirusa 2 i dela VP2 gena dva izolata parvovirusa svinja. Nukleotidne sekvence dva izolata PCV2 utvrđena u uzorcima svinja poreklom iz RS-BiH koja su bila uključena u filogenetsku analizu su pokazale visok stepen sličnosti sa nukleotidnim sekvencama soja Mantova izolovanog kod svinja u Italiji, zatim sojeva DE006-14 i DE222-13 izolovanih kod svinja u Nemačkoj kao i sa sojem Jvnan izolovanog kod svinja u Kini. Istovremeno, izolati PCV2 utvrđeni kod svinja u RS-BiH su bili delimično slični sa sojem NIV-C SRB virusa PCV2 izolovanim kod svinja u Srbiji. Nukleotidne sekvence dva izolata parvovirusa svinja uključenih u filogenetsku analizu su pokazale visok stepen sličnosti sa sojem Challenge izolovanim kod svinja u UK, sojem Kresse izolovanim kod svinja u SAD-u kao i sojevima 77 i LZ izolovanim kod svinja u Kini.

Млеко је намирница која садржи хранљиве састојке потребне за раст и развој и представља извор липида, протеина, аминокиселина, витамина и минерала. Садржи имуноглобулине, хормоне, факторе раста, цитокине, нуклеотиде, полиамине, ензиме и биоактивне пептиде. Садржај олеинске киселине, коњуговане линолеинске киселине, омега-3 масне киселине и масних киселина кратких и средњих ланаца може промовисати позитивне ефекте млека на здравље. Циљ овог рада био сакупљање, анализа и интерпретација података о количини производње крављег, овчијег и козијег млека на подручју Србије и Републике Српске у периоду 2011-2017 године. Подаци су преузети из архива Републичког завода за статистику Републике Србије и Републичког завода за статистику Републике Српске. Након тога подаци су статистички обрађени. Просечна годишња производња крављег млека у Србији у периоду 2011-2017 била је 1483,00±22,96 (96,99%), овчијег 15,86±3,53 (1,03%) и козијег 35,43±4,79 (2,31%) милиона литара. У истом периоду просечна производња крављег млека у Републици Српској била је 321,89±12,99 (97,91%), овчијег 4,53±0,78 (1,38%) и козијег 2,33±0,18 (0,71%) милиона литара. Линија тренда која се добија као резултат статистичке обраде података о количини произведеног крављег, овчијег и козијег млека у периоду 2011-2017 године показује континуиран раст производње млека у Србији и континуиран пад производње млека у Републици Српској. Иако број музних крава, оваца и коза на подручју Србије опада, производња млека расте због тенденције фармера ка примени савремене технологије у исхрани и узгоју животиња, чиме се повећава млечност грла. Разлог смањења количине произведеног млека у Републици Српској треба тражити у чињеници да је све мањи број великих фарми са преко 100 музних грла, а производња се концентрише на малим сточарским газдинствима. Последица овакве праксе може бити смањена млечност музних грла, губљење континуитета у производњи, али и изостанак повећањa производних капацитета. За рурално подручје Србије и Републике Српске производња крављег, овчијег и козијег млека представља значајну развојну шансу, али у процесу европских интеграција долази до пада броја мањих фарми млечних грла као и мањих млекара и очекује се укрупњавање производних капацитета у овом сектору што показују искуства земаља у окружењу. Овакав тренд је заступљен у Србији и сразмерно томе види се пораст производње млека у протеклом периоду. Milk contains nutrients needed for the growth and development and is the rich source of lipids, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Milk also contains immunoglobulins, hormones, growth factors, cytokines, nucleotides, polyamines, enzymes and bioactive peptides. Oleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids and short and medium chain fatty acids from milk can promote thepositivehealth effects. The aim of this study was to gather, analyze and interpret the data regarding the cow, sheep and goat milk production in Serbia and Republika Srpska in the period 2011-2017. The data were collected from the archives of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia and Institute of Statistics of the Republic of Srpska.The average annual production of cow milk in Serbia in the period 2011-2017 was 1483,00 ± 22,96 (96,99%) million liters, of sheep milk 15,86 ± 3,53 (1,03%) million liters and of goat milk 35,43 ± 4 ,79 (2,31%) million liters. In the same period, average production of cow milk in RepublikaSrpska was 321,89 ± 12,99 (97,91%)million liters, of sheep milk was 4,53 ± 0,78 (1,38%) million liters and of goat milk was 2,33 ± 0,18 (0,71%) million liters. The trend line of the quantity of cow, sheep and goat milk produced in the period 2011-2017 shows the continuous increase in milk production in Serbia and the continuous decline in milk production in Republic of Srpska. Although the number of dairy cows, sheep and goats in Serbia is decreasing, milk production is growing due to the farmers' tendency to apply modern technologies in feeding and breeding animals. The reason for the milk production decrease in the Republic of Srpska is the fact that the number of large farms with more than 100 dairy animals is reduced, and the production is concentrated around small dairy farms. The consequences of such practice may be reduced quantity of the milk, loss of continuity in production and the stagnation of production capacity. The production of cow, sheep and goat milk may present opportunity for the development of rural areas in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska.However, along the process of European integration there is a decline in the number of smaller dairy farms and small dairies, and the production capacities in this sector are expected to grow. This trend is represented in Serbia and in proportion to this, the increase in milk production in the past period is seen. Zbornik kratkih sadržaja

This article presents the results of the research of preferences towards organic and functional yoghurt, conducted in Republic of Srpska, from January to May, 2014 (n=200). Generally, respondents do not consider whether yoghurt being or not being organic or functional as very important. They partially prefer functional yoghurts, but prefer yoghurts made from conventionally produced milk. For both, organic and functional food, consumers were divided into two segments - the first which considered yoghurt being organic (or functional) among three the most important attributes of a product and the second segments comprising of all other respondents. Hereby, 8% of respondents belonged to the first segment for organic and 20% for functional yoghurt. Compared to second segments, consumers belonging to the first segment for organic yoghurt statistically significantly differ from others by valuating food importance for health more, while for functional yoghurt by assessing own physical health worse.

In this paper, a comparative analysis of subventions for agriculture and rural development is conducted, based on the budgets of Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska. Based on the analysis of the gross value added and the subvention amount in the period 2008-2013, it is concluded that there is no country with the causatively consequent connection between the subvention volume and gross value added which ensigns to inadequate policy of stimulations. Besides that, it is noticed that there is no clear trend in the level of assets appropriation, as well as the structure of subvention beneficiaries, which refers that the policy of agricultural stimulation and village in none of the countries has the label of long-term elaborated goals, but it is more the product of current movements in public revenues, i.e. short-term defined political-economic priorities.

The river channel dynamics are result of the complex interaction between natural and human impact. In the presented study, we assessed spatial and temporal dynamics of Bosna river channel migration during 2001-2013 period using orthophoto images and GIS. We have identified that the total area of bank erosion during given period equaled 2.8695 km2, of which 1.2178 km2 were on the left bank and 1.6516 km2 on the right bank. The total area of bank accretion from 2001 to 2013 equaled 2.6841 km2, of which 1.2864 km2 was on the left bank and 1.3977 km2 on the right bank. The Bosna riverbed average movement in the period 2001-2013 was established in the amount of 60.7 m. During this period, the average lateral channel migration was 5.05 m per year. Lateral migration of the Bosna River has caused serious problems: disappearance of arable land, forests, pastures and meadows, economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural. Using statistical analysis of a land use structure changes along the lower part of Bosna River, we obtained the results which show significant lost in arable land. According to results, 42.3 ha of arable land, 171.9 ha forests and 31.8 ha pastures and meadows were lost during 2001-2013 period. The data presented here are significant for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007: The Research on Climate Change Influences on Environment: Influence Monitoring, Adaptation and Mitigation, subproject No. 9: Torrential Floods Frequency, Soil and Water Degradation as the Consequence of Global Changes]

This paper presents the results of soil research in a mycological reserve that is defined as a special nature reserve according to the IUCN categorization. Ecologically, fungi are the most valuable element in the biological diversity of protected reserves. Favorable climate and the complexity of geology, soils and vegetation of Lisina Mountain caused the development of extraordinarily rich mycoflora. The soil cover here is characterized mainly by soils on acid siliceous parent rocks. Carbonate sediments as a part of volcanic sediment formation, present with laminated black limestone, complicate the structure of the soil cover. The protected area is defined by five basic soil types: rendzina, ranker, dystric cambisols, luvisol and podzol. Soil properties depend on pedogenetic processes and the nature of the parent rock. Rendzina is the most common soil type on limestone-dolomite substrate, where it creates elementary and complex soil combinations, mainly because of its strong relief. The most common soil type on acid silicate rocks is dystric cambisols.

Trichinellosis is parasitic disease affecting wildlife, domestic animals and humans, caused by the nematode of the genus Trichinella. Primary infection route is consumption of infected meat, thus trichinellosis represents a considerable health and economic problem. In the Republic of Srpska, the most common source of human infection is the meat of domestic pigs. Since recently, an increasing number of trichinellosis outbreaks have been attributed to consumption of meat of wild animals, which corresponds with the situation in other countries. During the last decade of the 20th century, numerous outbreaks involving large number of infected people have been reported. In the period 2001-2010, 1256 cases of animal trichinellosis were reported, 1166 of which were identified in domestic swine. In the municipality of Bijeljina, 656 cases were reported, which makes 56.26% of the total number of domestic pig infections recorded in the Republic of Srpska. The latest findings about the incidence of various Trichinella species in wild and domestic animals in Europe indicate that, regardless of application of preventive measures such as proper animal management and veterinary control of meat after slaughter, this disease remains the major health problem in this area. Trihineloza je parazitsko oboljenje različitih vrsta divljih, domaćih životinja i ljudi, prouzrokovano nematodama iz roda Trichinella. Put prenosa bolesti je konzumacija inficiranog mesa, zbog čega trihineloza predstavlja značajan zdravstveni i ekonomski problem. U Republici Srpskoj najčešći izvor infekcije ljudi je meso domaće svinje, a u poslednje vreme sve veći broj epidemija je, kao i u svetu, uzrokovan mesom divljih životinja. Tokom poslednje decenije 20. veka zabeležene su brojne epidemije ljudi sa velikim brojem obolelih. U periodu od 2001. do 2010. godine prijavljeno je 1256 slučajeva trihineloze životinja, od čega 1166 slučajeva trihineloze domaćih svinja. Na teritoriji opštine Bijeljina prijavljeno je 656 slučajeva, odnosno 56,26% od ukupnog broja infekcija domaćih svinja u Republici Srpskoj. Najnovija saznanja o rasprostranjenosti različitih vrsta iz roda Trichinella kod divljih i domaćih životinja Evrope ukazuju da će i pored preduzimanja preventivnih mera, kao što su odgovarajuće držanje životinja i veterinarska kontrola mesa nakon klanja, ovo oboljenje još dugo predstavljati značajan zdravstveni problem na ovom području.

This work is point outed importance of the linking of the Serbia and the Republic of Srpska in means of education and culture as the most efficiently instrument of the creation of the Serbian spiritual space. In that process a special role belong to the intellectuals of the Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. However disruption of the former Yugoslavia and civil war after that created three group of the intellectuals in Serbia who postured total different attitudes about the civil war in Yugoslavia, Republic of Srpska, Dayton agreement, special relationships between Republic Serbia and Republic of Srpska, about Serbian spiritual space.

The local government is an independent management system that is constituted on the narrower parts of the national territory. The development of local government, it's constitutional and legal position and the ability of citizens and local governments to independently regulate and decide on issues of local importance are the essential parameters of the level of democracy in the country. The subject of this paper is to analyze the state of local government in the Republic of Srpska legal and political point of view. The first part discusses the historical development of local government in the Republic of Srpska and various social factors under which was emerging as it's constitutional and legal position. The second part of the paper includes an analysis of compliance of the structural elements of local self government in the Republic of Srpska with those of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, whose implementation is a major goal of the transition.

Prisustvo svinjskog cirkovirusa 2 i parvovirusa svinja ispitano je u osamdeset zbirnih uzoraka (slezina, limfni čvorovi, pluća) poreklom od nevakcinisanih svinja primenom lančane reakcije polimeraze. Sve životinje su bile iz ekstenzivnog načina gajenja i iz različitih regiona Republike Srpske, BiH. Četiri uzorka limfnih čvorova i dva uzorka slezine su bili pozitivni na prisustvo DNK svinjskog cirkovirusa 2 (7,5%), dok je kod pet uzoraka limfnih čvorova utvrđeno prisustvo DNK parvovirusa svinja (6,25%). U uzorcima poreklom od tri svinje utvrđeno je prisustvo nukleinske kiseline oba prethodno navedena virusa (3,75%). Metodom sekvenciranja određena je nukleotidna sekvenca dela ORF1 regiona genoma svih izolata svinjskog cirkovirusa 2 i dela VP2 gena identifikovanih sojeva parvovirusa svinja. Nukleotidne sekvence virusa PCV2 utvrđene u uzorcima svinja poreklom iz RSBiH uključene u filogenetsku analizu su pokazale visok stepen sličnosti sa nukleotidnim sekvencama soja Mantova izolovanog kod svinja u Italiji, zatim sojeva DE00614 i DE22213 izolovanih kod svinja u Nemačkoj kao i sa sojem Jvnan izolovanog kod svinja u Kini. Istovremeno, virusi PCV2 utvrđeni kod svinja u RSBiH su bili delimično slični sa sojem NIVC SRB virusa PCV2 izolovanim kod svinja u Srbiji. Nukleotidnesekvence svinjskih parvovirusa identifikovanih kod svinja u Republici Srpskoj uključene u filogenetsku analizu su pokazale visok stepen sličnosti sa sojem analognim sekvencama sojeva Challenge izolovanim kod svinja u UK, Kresse izolovanim kod svinja u SADu kao i sa sojevima 77 i LZ izolovanim kod svinja u Kini... The presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus was examined in eighty clinical samples of spleen, lymph nodes and lungs originating from nonvaccinated swine by polymerase chain reaction. All animals were reared in extensive livestock farming systems in different geographical districts of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Porcine circovirus 2 DNA was detected in four lymph node and two spleen samples (7.5%), while porcine parvovirus DNA was identified in five lymph node samples (6.25%). The presence of both viruses was detected in three lymph node samples (3.75%). Partial nucleotide sequence of ORF1 gene of porcine circovirus 2 and VP2 gene of porcine parvovirus isolates was determined. The nucleotide sequences of identified PCV2 viruses from RSBIH included in phylogenetic typing are similar and cluster together with strain Mantova isolated from domestic pigs in Italy, strains DE00614 and DE22213 isolated from pigs in Germany as well as with the strain Jvnan isolated from pigs in China. Also, analyzed PCV2 isolates were partially similar with the strain NIVC SRB isolated from pigs in Serbia. The nucleotide sequences of identified PPV viruses that were included in phylogenetic typing showed a high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated from pigs in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated from pigs in China.

In this article the author analyses the relation between war and national identity in the case of the Serbs in the Republic of Srpska, and the role that the civil war in B&H, in the period from 1992-1995, have had in the shaping of their national consciousness. It is emphasized that the biggest part of the history of the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina had been marked by numerous wars against foreign occupiers and centuries spent under the governance of foreign powers, which, beyond doubt, have had a strong influence on the Serb national identity. However, the author believes that the role of the civil war in B&H in the affirmation of the national identity of the Serbs in this region is specific when compared to the wars that happened before it; this war has created ethnic and territorial divisions in B&H, which had never existed in this region, and which have had a huge impact on the national identities of all peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Serbs who live in the Republic of Srpska; apart from that, the most powerful countries in the Western civilization have had important media, political, and military role in the war, which had a profound impact on the Serb community.

The focus of this paper is on the description of the openness of primary forest traffic infrastructure in the Republic of Srpska. The data were collected using Garmin Oregon 600 GPS devices across the entire territory of state forests, managed by the Public Enterprise „Šume Republike Srpske”, and the recorded traces were compared and corrected by orthophoto snapshots with a 0.50 m resolution. The tools used for the processing of collected data were software ESRI ArcGIS 10.2 and Quantum GIS 16.2. In addition, the analysis covers all forest roads that pass through state forests that can be used for forest management and enable the movement of trucks. Public roads are only taken as an overview of openness of this category of roads and forest openness is shown by forest categories. The analyses included 843,466.00 ha out of the total of 1,002,056.00 ha of state-owned forests. The final aim of this analysis was to obtain a clear insight into the quantitative status of primary forest traffic infrastructure in the Republic of Srpska. The data were collected during 2016. Based on the analysis, the total density of the network of primary forest traffic infrastructure for the research area was 9.28 m/ha without public roads, i.e. 11.21 m/ha with public roads. In addition, density of the network of primary forest traffic infrastructure was determined separately for each category of forests, and the highest density of forest road network was found in forest plantations (11.57 m/ha or 14.82 m/ha with public roads) and high forests with natural regeneration (11.13 m/ha or 12.49 m/ha with public roads)., Radi potrebe unaprjeđenja mreže cesta u Republici Srpskoj, u ovome radu su prikazani određeni rezultati. Dinamiku izgradnje cesta i otvaranja šuma prate velike oscilacije, a posebice stagnacija početkom devedesetih godina. Izgradnja cesta u Republici Srpskoj nastavljena je vrlo slabo do 2006 godine, kada se krenulo intenzivno s projektiranjem i izgradnjom šumskih kamionskih cesta do danas. U ovome razdoblju na prostoru Republike Srpske izgrađeno je 519 km cesta, ili prosječno 47.20 km godišnje. S obzirom da ne postoji jasna analiza optimalne gustoće kamionskih cesta u Republici Srpskoj, u ovom slučaju su kao parameter poslužila slična reljefna područja iz okruženja. Pritom minimalna otvorenost koja je potrebna za gospodarenje šumama u RS uzeta je vrijednost od 15 m/ha, dok je optimalna oko 20 m/ha. Na osnovi ovih parametara učinjena je i analiza otvorenosti šuma. Otvorenost šuma šumskim kamionskim cestama iznosi 9.28 m/ha. Mnogi autori prikazali su otvorenost šuma, uključujući i javne ceste. Glede toga, i u ovome radu prikazana je otvorenost od 11.21 m/ha. Otvorenost javnim cestama možemo promatrati u smislu značenja ne samo za transport šumskih drvnih sortimenata, nego i za zaštitu šuma od požara i monitoring šuma, kao i za prijevoz radnika i opreme do šuma za potrebe izvođenja radova na pošumljavanju, uzgoju i korišćenju šuma. Gustoća šumskih kamionskih cesta za radoblje od 2006. do2016. godine je uvećana za 0.62 m/ha. Ovom dinamikom izgradnje cesta minimalna otvorenost bi se dostigla za 100 godina. Otvorenost šuma kreće se od 1.19 m/ha, pa sve do 14.75 m/ha. Svega jedno šumsko-gospodarsko područje (istočnodrvarsko) može se svrstati u minimalno otvoreno, što predstavlja 1.48% od ukupne površine državnih šuma Republike Srpske. Šumskogospodarsko područje “majevičko” ima najnižu otvorenost. Na ovome prostoru velika površina šuma je zaštićena kao vodozahvat pitke vode u općini Bijeljina, i na ovome prostoru nije dozvoljena intenzivnija eksploatacija šuma, pa samim tim i izgradnja šumskih kamionskih cesta. S obirom da je ovo područje malo površinom, ono nema veliki utjecaj na ukupnu otvorenost šuma i šumskog zemljišta. Iz rezultata ovoga istraživanja. dolazi se do zaključka, kao i u entitetu Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, da su najvažnija pretpostavka i uvjet za unaprjeđenje šumske prometne infrastrukture i u Republici Srpskoj financijska sredstva. Nedostatak financijskih sredstava su osnovni uzrok zbog čega je realizirana novogradnja cesta značajno ispod preporučenog minimuma. Potrebno je značajno intenzivirati izgradnju šumskih kamionskih cesta, posebice obratiti pozornost na šumsko-gospodarska područja u kojima se skoro nikako nije gradilo. S obzirom da su parametri za utvrđivanje otvorenosti šuma uzeti iz okruženja, potrebno je provesti detaljniju analizu konkretnih utjecajnih čimbenika za ovaj prostor kako bi se odredio minimum i optimum.. Neophodno je u planskim dokumentima razraditi otvorenost šuma ili određenim studijama analizirati sve čimbenike koji utječu na otvorenost šuma, kako bi se postigli optimumi gustoće mreže šumskih kamionskih cesta za različite reljefne uvjete. Razvoj katastra postojeće šumske ceste je preduvjet za provođenje analize i dobivanje kvalitetnih programa otvaranja šuma. U radu je prikazana otvorenost šuma i šumskog zemljišta primarnom mrežom cesta u Republici Srpskoj. Podaci su prikupljeni GARMIN Oregon 600 GPS uređajima, na cijelom području, čiji je korisnik JPŠ “Šume Republike Srpske”, a snimljeni tragovi uspoređivani su i korigirani ortofoto snimkama rezolucije 0.50m. Za obradu podataka korišteni su GIS softveri, ArcGIS 10.2 i QGIS 2.16. GPS tragovi su razvrstani na javne i šumske ceste. Otvorenost šuma i šumskog zemljišta je prikazana po kategorijama šuma.

The results of 20-year monitoring of the population of Mergus merganser in the East Dinaric Mountains are presented in this article. Colonization of the Sjenicko, Zlatarsko, and Radojina Lakes in Serbia by this species and its dispersion on the Zvornicko, Perucac, and Visegradsko Lakes in the Republic of Srpska occurred in this period. The population of goosander is progressive and we sug gest that it will expand to other lakes in the region, ones in Montenegro and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Study Area The East Dinaric Mountains are situated in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, with the highest peaks up to 2500 m a.s.l. The whole Dinaric region belongs to the Black Sea basin, and the Drina River catchment area includes rapid highland rivers with a great amount of water. The climate is highland continental in the area of the upper lakes, whereas sub-Mediterranean climatic elements appear in the lower canyons. Coniferous and deciduous forests with refugial habitats in the canyons make up the vegetation cover of the mountain region. The energy potential of Drina River has been greatly exploited in the past 50 years by the building of nine hydro-electric power plants with artificial lakes. The first of them, Zlatarsko Lake, was formed

Ово истраживање се бави дефинисањем методолошких принципа регенерације напуштених железничких коридора и могућностима њихове примене у Републици Српској. Напуштени индустријски железнички коридори представљају посебну категорију браунфилд простора према којима је неопходно заузети специфичан однос у процесу њихове урбане обнове. Утврђивање најадекватније методе урбане обнове ових простора представља први циљ истраживања. Како би се пронашао најадекватнији метод за урбану обнову браунфилд локација, анализом доступне литературе и критичком анализом садржаја, су истражени феномен браунфилд локација и различите методе урбане обнове. Истраживање је показало да је метода урбане регенерације предмет истраживања многих аутора и да укључује обнову браунфилд локација која може да изазове позитивне ефекте са еколошког, економског и социјалног аспекта. Стога је најадекватнији метод урбане обнове ових простора метод урбане регенерације и он може да понуди најприхватљивија решења обнове, чувајући идентитет ових локација, чиме је потврђена прва хипотеза истраживања. Други део истраживања се састоји од епистемолошког и фронетичког оквира истраживања вођеног ка дефинисању методолошких принципа регенерације напуштених железничких коридора као другог циља истраживања. Наиме, истраживања у областима архитектуре и урбанизма се баве науком колико и објектом истраживања и његовим контекстом па су ефикаснија када своју методологију заснивају на споју 'чистог знања' (епистеме) и 'практичне мудрости' (фронезис). Епистемолошки оквир истраживања је обухватио анализу теоријских утемељења и актуелних научних сазнања унутар концепта одрживости (еколошке, економске и социјалне), а на основу стратегија одабраних теорија су дефинисани епистемолошки методолошки принципи регенерације напуштених железничких коридора. Фронетички оквир истраживања је базиран на индивидуалној дескрипцији одабраних студија случаја успешне регенерације напуштених железничких коридора и њиховој компаративној анализи на основу чега су дефинисани фронетички методолошки принципи регенерације напуштених железничких коридора. Компаративном анализом епистемолошких и фронетичких методолошких принципа регенерације је доказано да спој фронезис и епистеме доприноси широј поставци методолошких принципа регенерације напуштених железничких коридора, чиме је потврђена друга хипотеза истраживања. This research focuses on process of defining methodological principles for regeneration of abandoned railway corridors in the Republic of Srpska and their usage potential. Abandoned industrial railway corridors represent a special category of brownfield areas and thus require a special treatment within the urban renewal process. Primary goal of this research is to determine the most appropriate method for urban renewal of such areas. The brownfield sites phenomenon and various urban renewal methods were explored, by analyzing the available literature and by critical analysis of the content, in pursuit of the most appropriate method for urban regeneration of brownfield sites. The research has shown that the urban regeneration method was the subject of research of many authors and that it includes the brownfield renewal process that could have positive effects on the ecological, economic and social aspects of life. Therefore, the most appropriate method for urban renewal of such areas is the urban regeneration method, which can offer the most acceptable concepts for renewal while preserving the identity of a location, thus confirming the first hypothesis of the research. The second part of this research consists of the epistemic and phronetic organizational research directed towards defining methodological principles for regeneration of abandoned railway corridors, which is the second goal of this research. In fact, research in domain of architecture and urbanism explore science, as well as research objects and their contexts, and is more effective when its methodologies are based on a combination of 'pure knowledge' (episteme) and 'practical wisdom' (phronesis). Epistemic organizational research includes the analysis of the theoretical background and current scientific knowledge within the concept of sustainability (environmental, economic and social), and the epistemic methodological principles for regeneration of abandoned railway corridors were defined based on the strategies of the chosen theories. Phronetic organizational research is based on individual descriptions of particular case studies of successful abandoned railway corridors regeneration processes and their comparative analysis, and it was the basis for defining the phronetic methodological principles for regeneration of abandoned railway corridors. A comparative analysis of the epistemic and phronetic methodological regeneration principles has shown that the conjunction of the episteme and phronesis contributes to having a broader set of methodological principles for regeneration of abandoned railway corridors, which confirms the second hypothesis.