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101. Supplementary material to "HIMMELI v1.0: HelsinkI Model of MEthane buiLd-up and emIssion for peatlands"

Author

Raivonen, Maarit, primary, Smolander, Sampo, additional, Backman, Leif, additional, Susiluoto, Jouni, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, Mäkelä, Jarmo, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Peltola, Olli, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Tomasic, Marin, additional, Li, Xuefei, additional, Larmola, Tuula, additional, Juutinen, Sari, additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, Heimann, Martin, additional, Sevanto, Sanna, additional, Kleinen, Thomas, additional, Brovkin, Victor, additional, and Vesala, Timo, additional

Published
2017
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102. Carbon balance of a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem in South Africa

Author

Räsänen, Matti, primary, Aurela, Mika, additional, Vakkari, Ville, additional, Beukes, Johan P., additional, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, additional, Van Zyl, Pieter G., additional, Josipovic, Miroslav, additional, Venter, Andrew D., additional, Jaars, Kerneels, additional, Siebert, Stefan J., additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, and Laakso, Lauri, additional

Published
2017
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104. Measurements of biogenic volatile organic compounds at a grazed savannah grassland agricultural landscape in South Africa

Author

Jaars, Kerneels, primary, van Zyl, Pieter G., additional, Beukes, Johan P., additional, Hellén, Heidi, additional, Vakkari, Ville, additional, Josipovic, Micky, additional, Venter, Andrew D., additional, Räsänen, Matti, additional, Knoetze, Leandra, additional, Cilliers, Dirk P., additional, Siebert, Stefan J., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Guenther, Alex, additional, Laakso, Lauri, additional, and Hakola, Hannele, additional

Published
2016
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105. Importance of vegetation classes in modeling CH4 emissions from boreal and subarctic wetlands in Finland

Author

Li, Tingting, primary, Raivonen, Maarit, additional, Alekseychik, Pavel, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Zheng, Xunhua, additional, Zhang, Qing, additional, Wang, Guocheng, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Yu, Lijun, additional, Xie, Baohua, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, and Zhang, Wen, additional

Published
2016
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107. Vapaa-ajan asuminen Suomessa - Asukas- ja kuntakyselyn tuloksia vapaa-ajan asumisen nykytilasta ja kehittämistarpeista

Author

Adamiak, Czeslaw, Vepsäläinen, Mia, Strandell, Anna, Hiltunen, Mervi, Pitkänen, Kati, Hall, Michael, Rinne, Janne, Hannonen, Olga, Paloniemi, Riikka, and Åkerlund, Ulrika

Subjects
vapaa-ajan asunnot, vapaa-ajan asukkaat, kyselytutkimus, asuminen, kesämökit, kesäasukkaat
Abstract

Vapaa-ajan asunnot ovat merkittävä osa suomalaisten vapaa-aikaa ja suomalaista maaseutua. Meillä on tilastojen mukaan noin 499 000 vapaa-ajan asuntoa mutta niiden määrä on todennäköisesti vieläkin suurempi. Lisäksi yli puolella suomalaisista on käytettävissään vapaa-ajan asunto. Tässä raportissa tarkastellaan suomalaista vapaa-ajan asumista niiden käyttäjien ja kuntien viranhaltijoiden näkökulmasta. Raportti esittelee kahden, vuonna 2012 toteutetun väestöotantaan perustuvan ja vuonna 2014 kuntien kehittämisestä ja maankäytön suunnittelusta vastaaville viranhaltijoille suunnatun, kyselyn tuloksia. Väestökyselyssä selvitettiin vapaa-ajan asuntojen käyttäjien asunnon hankintaa, sijaintia, varustetasoa, käyttöaikoja, paikallisyhteisöön liittyviä taloudellisia ja sosiaalisia suhteita ja elinympäristöjen laadussa havaittuja muutoksia. Kyselyn tulokset mahdollistavat vapaa-ajan asumisen tarkastelun paitsi niiden omistajien myös muiden käyttäjien osalta. Lisäksi kyselyssä on huomioitu se, että merkittävällä osalla suomalaisia on käytössään useampi kuin yksi vapaa-ajan asuntoa. Toisessa kyselyssä kartoitettiin kuntien edustajien näkemyksiä vapaa-ajan asumisen vaikutuksista alueen ympäristöön ja yhteisöön, merkityksestä paikallisessa kehittämisessä ja huomioimisesta osana kuntien maankäytön suunnittelua. Tulokset osoittavat, että vaikka vapaa-ajan asumisen katsotaan erityisesti syrjäalueilla tuovan taloudellisia hyötyjä alueelle, sitä ei pidetä kuntien ensisijaisena kehittämistavoitteena.

Published
2015

108. Ympäristönsuojelun vaikutukset esiin – Vuorovaikutteinen viestintä arvioinnin apuna

Author

Lyytimäki, Jari and Rinne, Janne

Subjects
vuorovaikutus, vaikutukset, ympäristöviestintä, ympäristöpolitiikka, sivuvaikutukset, sääntely, ympäristönsuojelu, arviointi, viestintä
Abstract

Tässä raportissa esitellään Sivuvaikutukset hallintaan: monitieteisen tiedon hyödyntäminen ympäristönsuojelussa -hankkeen tuloksia. Raportin päätarkoituksena on hahmottaa keinoja, joiden avulla viestintää ja vuorovaikutusta voidaan hyödyntää nykyistä tehokkaammin ympäristönsuojelun haitallisten sivuvaikutusten ehkäisyssä ja hyödyllisten edistämisessä. Aluksi esitellään vaikutuksen käsitettä sekä avataan arvioinnin ja tiedeviestinnän suhdetta. Seuraavaksi esitellään viestinnän ja vuorovaikutuksen kehittämisen kannalta oleellisimmat tulokset verkkokyselystä, jossa selvitettiin kansalaisten näkemyksiä ympäristösääntelystä. Lopuksi kootaan yhteen suosituksia viestinnän ja vuorovaikutuksen käytäntöjen kehittämiseksi.

Published
2014

109. Finnish Centre of Excellence in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change : summary and outlook

Author

Kulmala, Markku, Lappalainen, Hanna K., Back, Jaana, Laaksonen, An, Nikinmaa, Eero, Riekkola, Marja-Liisa, Vesala, Timo, Viisanen, Yrjo, Aalto, Tuula, Boy, Michael, Dal Maso, Miikka, Ehn, Mikael, Hakola, Hannele, Hari, Pertti, Hartonen, Karl, Hameri, Kaarle, Holtta, Teemu, Junninen, Heikki, Jarvi, Leena, Kurten, Theo, Lauri, Antti, Laurila, Tuomas, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Lihavainen, Heikki, Lintunen, Anna, Mammarella, Ivan, Manninen, Hanna E., Petaja, Tuukka, Pihlatie, Mari, Pumpanen, Jukka, Rinne, Janne, Romakkaniemi, Sami, Ruuskanen, Taina, Mikko Sipilä, Sorvari, Sanna, Vehkamaki, Hanna, Virtanen, Annele, Worsnop, Douglas R., Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Department of Physics, INAR Physics, Department of Forest Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Aerosol-Cloud-Climate -Interactions (ACCI), Methane and nitrous oxide exchange of forests, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Urban meteorology, Forest Ecology and Management, and Polar and arctic atmospheric research (PANDA)

Subjects
1171 Geosciences, 4112 Forestry, PARTICLE FORMATION RATES, education, 116 Chemical sciences, NORWAY SPRUCE, VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, SCOTS PINE FOREST, SILVER BIRCH SEEDLINGS, 114 Physical sciences, CARBON BALANCE, CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI, BOREAL FOREST, SULFURIC-ACID, AEROSOL NUCLEATION, 1172 Environmental sciences
Published
2014

112. Anthropogenic and biogenic influence on VOC fluxes at an urban background site in Helsinki, Finland

Author

Rantala, Pekka, primary, Järvi, Leena, additional, Taipale, Risto, additional, Laurila, Terhi K., additional, Patokoski, Johanna, additional, Kajos, Maija K., additional, Kurppa, Mona, additional, Haapanala, Sami, additional, Siivola, Erkki, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Ruuskanen, Taina M., additional, and Rinne, Janne, additional

Published
2016
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113. Carbon balance of a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem in South Africa

Author

Räsänen, Matti, primary, Aurela, Mika, additional, Vakkari, Ville, additional, Beukes, Johan P., additional, Van Zyl, Pieter G., additional, Josipovic, Miroslav, additional, Venter, Andrew D., additional, Jaars, Kerneels, additional, Siebert, Stefan J., additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, and Laakso, Lauri, additional

Published
2016
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116. The current state of CO2 flux chamber studies in the Arctic tundra.

Author

Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Virtanen, Tarmo, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Rinne, Janne, and Luoto, Miska

Subjects
PRIMARY productivity (Biology), ECOSYSTEMS, CARBON cycle, HUMUS, CLIMATE change
Abstract

The Arctic tundra plays an important role in the carbon cycle as it stores 50% of global soil organic carbon reservoirs. The processes (fluxes) regulating these stocks are predicted to change due to direct and indirect effects of climate change. Understanding the current and future carbon balance calls for a summary of the level of knowledge regarding chamber-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) flux studies. Here, we describe progress from recently (2000–2016) published studies of growing-season CO2 flux chamber measurements, namely GPP (gross primary production), ER (ecosystem respiration), and NEE (net ecosystem exchange), in the tundra region. We review the study areas and designs along with the explanatory environmental drivers used. Most of the studies were conducted in Alaska and Fennoscandia, and we stress the need for measuring fluxes in other tundra regions, particularly in more extreme climatic, productivity, and soil conditions. Soil respiration and other greenhouse gas measurements were seldom included in the studies. Although most of the environmental drivers of CO2 fluxes have been relatively well investigated (such as the effect of vegetation type and soil microclimate on fluxes), soil nutrients, other greenhouse gases and disturbance regimes require more research as they might define the future carbon balance. Particular attention should be paid to the effects of shrubification, geomorphology, and other disturbance effects such as fire events, and disease and herbivore outbreaks. An improved conceptual framework and understanding of underlying processes of biosphere–atmosphere CO2 exchange will provide more information on carbon cycling in the tundra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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117. Small spatial but large sporadic variability in methane emission measured from a patterned boreal bog.

Author

Korrensalo, Aino, Männistö, Elisa, Alekseychik, Pavel, Mammarella, Ivan, Rinne, Janne, Vesala, Timo, and Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina

Subjects
METHANE, EMISSIONS (Air pollution), PLANT communities, LEAF area index, PLANT species
Abstract

We measured methane fluxes of a patterned bog from six different plant community types in three growing seasons 2012-2014 using the static chamber method. A mixed effects model was applied for quantifying the effect of the controlling factors on the methane flux. The plant community types differed from each other in their water level, total leaf area (LAITOT) and leaf area of aerenchymatous plant species (LAIAER). Excluding the highest 2.5 % of all fluxes, methane emissions ranged from -309 to 556 mg m-2 d-1. Although methane fluxes increased with increasing peat temperature, LAITOT and LAIAER, they had no correlation with water table or with plant community type. The only exception were higher fluxes from hummocks than from other plant community types in 2013. Chamber fluxes upscaled to ecosystem level for the peak season were of the same magnitude as the fluxes measured with the eddy covariance (EC) technique. In 2012 and in August 2014 there was a good agreement between the two methods, in 2013 and in July 2014, the chamber fluxes were higher than the EC fluxes. Net fluxes to soil, indicating higher methane oxidation than production, were detected every year and on all community types. Exceptionally high methane emissions up to 17 000 mg m-2 d-1 were measured sporadically in 2013 and 2014. These extreme emissions not detected in EC measurements we were not able to exclude as measurement errors and they did not correlate with any measured variables. Our results underline the importance of both LAIAER and LAITOT in controlling methane fluxes and indicate need for automatized chambers to reliably capture localized events to support more robust EC method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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118. Ekosysteemipalveluiden tutkimuksesta hallintaan – kirjallisuuskatsaus ja tapaustarkasteluita

Author

Primmer, Eeva, Kopperoinen, Leena, Ratamäki, Outi, Rinne, Janne, Vihervaara, Petteri, Inkiläinen, Elina, Mashkina, Olga, and Itkonen, Pekka

Subjects
maankäytön suunnittelu, kaavoitus, ekosysteemipalvelut, hyöty, suot, luonto, arvo, luonnonvarat, arvottaminen
Abstract

Luonnonvara- ja luonnonsuojelupolitiikkaa on perinteisesti kehitetty toisistaan erillään, mutta kestävän kehityksen politiikan ja vuonna 2005 laaditun YK:n Vuosituhannen ekosysteemiarvion myötä on kiinnitetty aiempaa enemmän huomiota toimivien monimuotoisten ekosysteemien välttämättömyyteen ja ekosysteemien tuottamiin hyötyihin. Ihmisen riippuvuus ekosysteemien tuottamasta ruuasta, raaka-aineista, veden ja ravinteiden pidätyksestä, pienilmaston säätelystä ja virkistyksestä on tunnistettu tutkimuksessa sekä yhä enemmän myös politiikassa ja käytännön päätöksenteossa. Ekosysteemipalvelutarkastelujen tavoitteena on tuoda yhteen tieto ekosysteemien toiminnoista, tuki- ja säätelypalveluista, tuotantopalveluista, kulttuuripalveluista sekä luonnon monimuotoisuudesta, jotta palveluiden keskinäistä riippuvuutta voitaisiin arvioida ja kestävää käyttöä hallita. Ekosysteemipalveluita tarkastellaan ja ohjataan kuitenkin vielä varsin hajanaisesti, eikä uutta lähestymistapaa sovellettaessa aina osata hyödyntää jo olemassa olevia tieto- ja hallintajärjestelmiä. Tämä raportti kokoaa yhteen kansainvälisen tutkimuksen ekosysteemipalvelu- lähestymistapoja ja käytännön esimerkkejä siitä, miten erilaiset suomalaiset luonnonvarojen ja maankäytön ohjaus- ja hallinta- järjestelmät käsittelevät ekosysteemipalveluita. Raportin tarkoituksena on tuoda ajankohtainen sovellettava tietämys suomalaisten luonon- varojen, maankäytön ja luonnonsuojelun päätöksentekijöiden ja asiantuntijoiden käyttöön. Raportin ensimmäisessä osassa tunnistetaan vakiintuneet tarkastelutavat ja nostetaan esiin sellaiset menetelmät, joiden soveltaminen on vasta alkutekijöissään. Kirjallisuuteen pohjaava katsaus esittelee ekosysteemipalveluiden tarkasteluja yhteiskunnan toiminnoissa ja hallinnan kohteena, mallinnuksella, paikkatieto- tarkasteluilla ja maankäytön suunnittelussa, taloudellisella arvottamisella ja päätöksenteon tuessa. Raportin toisessa osassa havainnollistetaan ekosysteemipalveluiden sisällyttämistä päätöksentekoon ja luonnonvarojen hallintaan suomalaisten esimerkkien avulla. Luonnonvara-alan strategisten ohjelmien tarkastelu, pohjoiskarjalaisen suoalueen ekosysteemipalveluiden vertailu, Lounais-Suomen metsäluonnon monimuotoisuuden turvaamisen ekosysteemipalveluvaikutukset sekä ekosysteemipalvelujen huomioon ottaminen Helsingin Östersundomin ja Lahden Kytölän aluesuunnittelu- prosessissa havainnollistavat päätöksenteon ja hallinnan keskeisiä kysymyksiä. Suomalaiset tarkastelut osoittavat, miten ekosysteemipalveluita muuttavaa päätöksentekoa voidaan tukea tunnistamalla, arvottamalla ja vertailemalla ekosysteemien tuottamia hyötyjä sekä käyttämällä indikaattoreita, paikkatietoanalyyseja ja niiden perusteella tuotettuja karttoja. Aineistojen ja tarkastelutapojen yhdistäminen vaatii teknistä osaamista ja voimavaroja sekä sektori- ja luonnonvarakohtaisten tiedonhallintajärjestelmien yleistämistä. Uusia tarkastelumenetelmiä tulee kehittää sekä olemassa olevien järjestelmien pohjalta että tarvittaessa kehittämällä uusia yhdentäviä menetelmiä. Samalla, kun osamalleja ja sektorikohtaisiin inventointi- ja seuranta-aineistoihin pohjautuvia tarkasteluja syvennetään ja hienosäädetään, joudutaan ekosysteemi- ja sektorirajat ylittävissä tarkasteluissa tyytymään todennäköisesti totuttua karkeampaan tietoon. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi paikkatietotarkastelut osoittavat yhdentämisen tuoman lisäarvon konkreettisesti. Vuoropuhelu eri mallien tuottajien ja tarkasteluja hyödyntävien päätöksentekijöiden ja osallisten välillä on tässä välttämätöntä.

Published
2012

124. Exchange of carbon dioxide across twelve northern peatland and tundra sites

Author

Lund, Magnus, Roulet, Nigel T., Lindroth, Anders, Lafleur, Peter M., Christensen, Torben R., Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Flanagan, Lawrence B., Humphreys, Elyn R., Laurila, Tuomas, Oechel, Walter C., Olejnik, Janusz, Rinne, Janne, Schubert, Per, and Nilsson, Mats B.

Subjects
Carbon dioxide, Peatland, Respiration, Wetland, Eddy covariance, Net ecosystem exchange, Photosynthesis, Tundra, Carbon, Mire
Published
2009

125. Field intercomparison of disjunct and conventional eddy covariance systems

Author

Rinne, Janne, Douffet, Thierry, Prigent, Yann, Durand, Pierre, Department of Physics, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Published
2005

127. Latent heat exchange in the boreal and arctic biomes

Author

Kasurinen, Ville, primary, Alfredsen, Knut, additional, Kolari, Pasi, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Alekseychik, Pavel, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Bernier, Pierre, additional, Boike, Julia, additional, Langer, Moritz, additional, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, additional, van Huissteden, Ko, additional, Dolman, Han, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Ohta, Takeshi, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Rocha, Adrian, additional, Arain, Altaf, additional, Oechel, Walter, additional, Lund, Magnus, additional, Grelle, Achim, additional, Lindroth, Anders, additional, Black, Andy, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, and Berninger, Frank, additional

Published
2014
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129. A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands

Author

Turetsky, Merritt R., primary, Kotowska, Agnieszka, additional, Bubier, Jill, additional, Dise, Nancy B., additional, Crill, Patrick, additional, Hornibrook, Ed R. C., additional, Minkkinen, Kari, additional, Moore, Tim R., additional, Myers-Smith, Isla H., additional, Nykänen, Hannu, additional, Olefeldt, David, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Saarnio, Sanna, additional, Shurpali, Narasinha, additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, Waddington, J. Michael, additional, White, Jeffrey R., additional, Wickland, Kimberly P., additional, and Wilmking, Martin, additional

Published
2014
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132. Measurements of biogenic volatile organic compounds at agrazed savannah-grassland-agriculture landscape in SouthAfrica.

Author

Jaars, Kerneels, van Zyl, Pieter G., Beukes, Johan P., Hellén, Heidi, Vakkari, Ville, Josipovic, Micky, Venter, Andrew D., Räsänen, Matti, Knoetze, Leandra, Cilliers, Dirk P., Siebert, Stefan J., Kulmala, Markku, Rinne, Janne, Guenther, Alex, Laakso, Lauri, and Hakola, Hannele

Abstract

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important role players in the chemistry of the troposphere, especially in the formation of tropospheric ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Ecosystems produce and emit a large number of BVOCs. It is estimated on a global scale that approximately 90% of annual VOC emissions are BVOCs. In this study, measurements of BVOCs were conducted at the Welgegund measurement station (South Africa), which is considered to be a regionally representative background site situated in savannah grassland. Very few BVOC measurements exist for grassland savannah and results presented in this study are the most extensive for this type of landscape. Samples were collected twice a week for two hours during daytime and two hours during night-time through two long-term sampling campaigns from February 2011 to February 2012 and from December 2013 to February 2015. Individual BVOCs were identified and quantified using a thermal desorption instrument, connected to a gas chromatograph and a mass selective detector. The annual median concentrations of isoprene, 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO), monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes (SQT) during the first campaign were 14, 7, 120 and 8 pptv, respectively, and 14, 4, 83 and 4 pptv, respectively, during the second campaign. The sum of the concentrations of the monoterpenes were at least an order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of other BVOC species during both sampling campaigns, with α-pinene being the most abundant species. The highest BVOC concentrations were observed during the wet season and elevated soil moisture was associated with increased BVOC concentrations. However, comparisons with measurements conducted at other landscapes in southern Africa and the rest of the world that have more woody vegetation indicated that BVOC concentrations were, in general, significantly lower. Furthermore, BVOC concentrations were an order of magnitude lower compared to total aromatic concentrations measured at Welgegund. An analysis of concentrations by wind direction indicated that isoprene concentrations were higher from the western direction, while wind direction did not indicate any significant differences in the concentrations of the other BVOC species. Statistical analysis indicated that soil moisture had the most significant impact on atmospheric levels of MBO, monoterpenes and SQT concentrations, while temperature had the greatest influence on isoprene levels. The combined O3 formation potentials of all the BVOCs measured calculated with MIR coefficients during the first and second campaign were 1162 and 1022 pptv, respectively. α-Pinene and limonene had the highest reaction rates with O3, while isoprene exhibited relatively small contributions to O3 depletion. Limonene, α-pinene and terpinolene had the largest contributions to the OH-reactivity of BVOCs measured at Welgegund for all of the months during both sampling campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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133. A Case Study of Ecosystem Services in Urban Planning in Finland: Benefits, Rights and Responsibilities.

Author

Rinne, Janne and Primmer, Eeva

Subjects
ECOSYSTEM services, URBAN planning & the environment, URBAN growth, URBANIZATION, ECONOMICS
Abstract

The concept of ecosystem services is entering the agenda of land-use planning and scientists optimistically expect it to inform planners and decision-makers about the benefits that ecosystems provide. While tools and methods have been developed for mapping and valuing ecosystem services, only little attention has been paid to the practical application of the approach or its institutional preconditions and implications. We empirically analysed two urban planning processes for building residential areas in the outskirts of growing population centres in Finland. Our analysis of documents and interviews with planners focused on the benefits provided by ecosystems as well as the associated rights and responsibilities. We found that the concept ‘ecosystem service’ was not used, yet various benefits were identified. The rights of different stakeholders to ecosystem services were not explicitly identified, but many ecosystem services were perceived as public goods and particularly access to recreation was highlighted as an important justification for green areas. The results show that while the ecosystem services approach introduces new insights to land-use planning, it is still not embedded in the current practices or institutions. Operationalizing ecosystem services requires institutional adaptation, case-specific tailoring of methods, and deliberation among practitioners and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2016
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134. Carbon balance of a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem in South Africa.

Author

Räsänen, Matti, Aurela, Mika, Vakkari, Ville, Beukes, Johan P., Van Zyl, Pieter G., Josipovic, Miroslav, Venter, Andrew D., Jaars, Kerneels, Siebert, Stefan J., Laurila, Tuomas, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Rinne, Janne, and Laakso, Lauri

Subjects
ECOLOGY, GRASSLANDS, SAVANNAS, GRAZING, PRIMARY productivity (Biology), CARBON dioxide
Abstract

Tropical savannas and grasslands are estimated to contribute significantly to the total primary production of all terrestrial vegetation. Large parts of African savannas and grasslands are used for agriculture and cattle grazing, but the carbon flux data available from these areas is limited. This study explores carbon dioxide fluxes measured with the eddy covariance method for three years at a grazed savanna grassland in Welgegund, South Africa. The tree cover around the measurement site, grazed by cattle and sheep, was around 15%. The night-time respiration was not significantly dependent on either soil moisture or soil temperature on a weekly temporal scale, whereas on an annual time scale higher respiration rates were observed when soil temperatures were higher. The yearly carbon dioxide balances of the growing seasons 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 were -85, 67 and 139 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively. The yearly variation was largely determined by the changes in the early wet season fluxes (September to November) and in the mid-growing season fluxes (December to January). Early rainfall enhanced the respiratory capacity of the ecosystem throughout the year, whereas during the mid-growing season high rainfall resulted in high carbon uptake. This study underlines the difficulty in establishing a functional relation between the total ecosystem respiration and the environmental drivers in savanna ecosystems. Furthermore, the high inter-annual variation of carbon balance in savanna ecosystems is difficult to relate to environmental drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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135. Species-specific temporal variation in photosynthesis as a moderator of peatland carbon sequestration.

Author

Korrensalo, Aino, Hájek, Tomáš, Alekseychik, Pavel, Rinne, Janne, Vesala, Timo, Mehtätalo, Lauri, Mammarella, Ivan, and Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina

Subjects
PEATLANDS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CARBON sequestration, CLIMATE change, LEAF area, PLANT diversity
Abstract

In boreal bogs plant species are low in number, but they differ greatly in their growth forms and photosynthetic properties. We assessed how ecosystem carbon (C) sink dynamics were affected by seasonal variations in photosynthetic rate and leaf area of different species. Photosynthetic properties (light-response parameters), leaf area development and areal cover (abundance) of the species were used to quantify species-specific net and gross photosynthesis rates (PN and PG, respectively), which were summed to express ecosystem-level PN and PG. The ecosystem-level PG was compared with a gross primary production (GPP) estimate derived from eddy covariance measurements (EC). Species areal cover rather than differences in photosynthetic properties determined the species with the highest PG of both vascular plants and Sphagna. Species-specific contributions to the ecosystem PG varied over the growing season, which in turn determined the seasonal variation in ecosystem PG. The upscaled growing-season PG estimate, 230 g C m-2, agreed well with the GPP estimated by the EC, 243 g C m-2. Sphagna were superior to vascular plants in ecosystem-level PG throughout the growing season but had a lower PN. PN results indicated that areal cover of the species together with their differences in photosynthetic parameters shape the ecosystem-level C balance. Species with low areal cover but high photosynthetic efficiency appear to be potentially important for the ecosystem C sink. Results imply that functional diversity may increase the stability of C sink of boreal bogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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138. Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author

Yi, Chuixiang, primary, Ricciuto, Daniel, additional, Li, Runze, additional, Wolbeck, John, additional, Xu, Xiyan, additional, Nilsson, Mats, additional, Aires, Luis, additional, Albertson, John D, additional, Ammann, Christof, additional, Arain, M Altaf, additional, de Araujo, Alessandro C, additional, Aubinet, Marc, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Barcza, Zoltán, additional, Barr, Alan, additional, Berbigier, Paul, additional, Beringer, Jason, additional, Bernhofer, Christian, additional, Black, Andrew T, additional, Bolstad, Paul V, additional, Bosveld, Fred C, additional, Broadmeadow, Mark S J, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Burns, Sean P, additional, Cellier, Pierre, additional, Chen, Jingming, additional, Chen, Jiquan, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Clement, Robert, additional, Cook, Bruce D, additional, Curtis, Peter S, additional, Dail, D Bryan, additional, Dellwik, Ebba, additional, Delpierre, Nicolas, additional, Desai, Ankur R, additional, Dore, Sabina, additional, Dragoni, Danilo, additional, Drake, Bert G, additional, Dufrêne, Eric, additional, Dunn, Allison, additional, Elbers, Jan, additional, Eugster, Werner, additional, Falk, Matthias, additional, Feigenwinter, Christian, additional, Flanagan, Lawrence B, additional, Foken, Thomas, additional, Frank, John, additional, Fuhrer, Juerg, additional, Gianelle, Damiano, additional, Goldstein, Allen, additional, Goulden, Mike, additional, Granier, Andre, additional, Grünwald, Thomas, additional, Gu, Lianhong, additional, Guo, Haiqiang, additional, Hammerle, Albin, additional, Han, Shijie, additional, Hanan, Niall P, additional, Haszpra, László, additional, Heinesch, Bernard, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hendriks, Dimmie, additional, Hutley, Lindsay B, additional, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Jacobs, Cor, additional, Johansson, Torbjörn, additional, Jongen, Marjan, additional, Katul, Gabriel, additional, Kiely, Gerard, additional, Klumpp, Katja, additional, Knohl, Alexander, additional, Kolb, Thomas, additional, Kutsch, Werner L, additional, Lafleur, Peter, additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Leuning, Ray, additional, Lindroth, Anders, additional, Liu, Heping, additional, Loubet, Benjamin, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Marek, Michal, additional, Margolis, Hank A, additional, Martin, Timothy A, additional, Massman, William J, additional, Matamala, Roser, additional, Matteucci, Giorgio, additional, McCaughey, Harry, additional, Merbold, Lutz, additional, Meyers, Tilden, additional, Migliavacca, Mirco, additional, Miglietta, Franco, additional, Misson,, Laurent, additional, Mölder, Meelis, additional, Moncrieff, John, additional, Monson, Russell K, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Montes-Helu, Mario, additional, Moors, Eddy, additional, Moureaux, Christine, additional, Mukelabai, Mukufute M, additional, Munger, J William, additional, Myklebust, May, additional, Nagy, Zoltán, additional, Noormets, Asko, additional, Oechel, Walter, additional, Oren, Ram, additional, Pallardy, Stephen G, additional, Paw U, Kyaw Tha, additional, Pereira, João S, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Pintér, Krisztina, additional, Pio, Casimiro, additional, Pita, Gabriel, additional, Powell, Thomas L, additional, Rambal, Serge, additional, Randerson, James T, additional, von Randow, Celso, additional, Rebmann, Corinna, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Rossi, Federica, additional, Roulet, Nigel, additional, Ryel, Ronald J, additional, Sagerfors, Jorgen, additional, Saigusa, Nobuko, additional, Sanz, María José, additional, Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia, additional, Schmid, Hans Peter, additional, Seufert, Guenther, additional, Siqueira, Mario, additional, Soussana, Jean-François, additional, Starr, Gregory, additional, Sutton, Mark A, additional, Tenhunen, John, additional, Tuba,, Zoltán, additional, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, additional, Valentini, Riccardo, additional, Vogel, Christoph S, additional, Wang, Jingxin, additional, Wang, Shaoqiang, additional, Wang, Weiguo, additional, Welp, Lisa R, additional, Wen, Xuefa, additional, Wharton, Sonia, additional, Wilkinson, Matthew, additional, Williams, Christopher A, additional, Wohlfahrt, Georg, additional, Yamamoto, Susumu, additional, Yu, Guirui, additional, Zampedri, Roberto, additional, Zhao, Bin, additional, and Zhao, Xinquan, additional

Published
2010
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140. Variability in exchange of CO2 across 12 northern peatland and tundra sites

Author

LUND, MAGNUS, primary, LAFLEUR, PETER M., additional, ROULET, NIGEL T., additional, LINDROTH, ANDERS, additional, CHRISTENSEN, TORBEN R., additional, AURELA, MIKA, additional, CHOJNICKI, BOGDAN H., additional, FLANAGAN, LAWRENCE B., additional, HUMPHREYS, ELYN R., additional, LAURILA, TUOMAS, additional, OECHEL, WALTER C., additional, OLEJNIK, JANUSZ, additional, RINNE, JANNE, additional, SCHUBERT, PER, additional, and NILSSON, MATS B., additional

Published
2009
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145. Environmental controls on the CO2exchange in north European mires

Author

Lindroth, Anders, primary, Lund, Magnus, additional, Nilsson, Mats, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Christensen, Torben Röjle, additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Riutta, Terhi, additional, Sagerfors, Jörgen, additional, Ström, Lena, additional, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, additional, and Vesala, Timo, additional

Published
2007
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150. Environmental controls on the CO2 exchange in north European mires

Author

Lindroth, Anders, primary, Lund, Magnus, additional, Nilsson, Mats, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Christensen, Torben Röjle, additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Rinne, Janne, additional, Riutta, Terhi, additional, Sagerfors, Jörgen, additional, Ström, Lena, additional, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, additional, and Vesala, Timo, additional

Published
2007
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