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101. Loci associated with ischaemic stroke and its subtypes (SiGN): a genome-wide association study

Author

Rosand, J, Mitchell, BD, Ay, H, de Bakker, PIW, Gwinn, K, Kittner, SJ, Lindgren, A, Meschia, JF, Pulit, SL, Sudlow, CLM, Thijs, V, Woo, D, Worrall, BB, Arnett, DK, Benavente, O, Cole, JW, Dichgans, M, Grewal, RP, Jern, C, Conde, JJ, Johnson, JA, Lee, J-M, Levi, C, Markus, HS, Melander, O, Rexrode, K, Rothwell, PM, Rundek, T, Sacco, RL, Schmidt, R, Sharma, P, Slowik, A, Wasssertheil-Smoller, S, Rosand, J, Mitchell, BD, Ay, H, de Bakker, PIW, Gwinn, K, Kittner, SJ, Lindgren, A, Meschia, JF, Pulit, SL, Sudlow, CLM, Thijs, V, Woo, D, Worrall, BB, Arnett, DK, Benavente, O, Cole, JW, Dichgans, M, Grewal, RP, Jern, C, Conde, JJ, Johnson, JA, Lee, J-M, Levi, C, Markus, HS, Melander, O, Rexrode, K, Rothwell, PM, Rundek, T, Sacco, RL, Schmidt, R, Sharma, P, Slowik, A, and Wasssertheil-Smoller, S

Published
2016

102. Normative values for carotid intima media thickness and its progression: Are they transferrable outside of their cohort of origin?

Author

Liao, X., Norata, Giuseppe, Polak, J., Stehouwer, C., Catapano, A., Rundek, T., Ezhov, M., Sander, D., Thompson, S., Lorenz, M., Balakhonova, T., Safarova, M., Grigore, L., Empana, J., Lin, H., McLachlan, S., Bokemark, L., Ronkainen, K., Schminke, U., Lind, L., Willeit, P., Yanez, D., Steinmetz, H., Poppert, H., Desvarieux, M., Ikram, M., Johnsen, S., Iglseder, B., Friera, A., Xie, W., Plichart, M., Su, T., Srinivasan, S., Schmidt, C., Tuomainen, T., Völzke, H., Nijpels, G., Willeit, J., Franco, O., Suarez, C., Zhao, D., Ducimetiere, P., Chien, K., Robertson, C., Bergström, G., Kauhanen, J., Dörr, M., Dekker, J., Kiechl, S., Sitzer, M., Bickel, H., Sacco, R., Hofman, A., Mathiesen, E., Gabriel, R., Liu, J., Berenson, G., Kavousi, M., Price, J., Liao, X., Norata, Giuseppe, Polak, J., Stehouwer, C., Catapano, A., Rundek, T., Ezhov, M., Sander, D., Thompson, S., Lorenz, M., Balakhonova, T., Safarova, M., Grigore, L., Empana, J., Lin, H., McLachlan, S., Bokemark, L., Ronkainen, K., Schminke, U., Lind, L., Willeit, P., Yanez, D., Steinmetz, H., Poppert, H., Desvarieux, M., Ikram, M., Johnsen, S., Iglseder, B., Friera, A., Xie, W., Plichart, M., Su, T., Srinivasan, S., Schmidt, C., Tuomainen, T., Völzke, H., Nijpels, G., Willeit, J., Franco, O., Suarez, C., Zhao, D., Ducimetiere, P., Chien, K., Robertson, C., Bergström, G., Kauhanen, J., Dörr, M., Dekker, J., Kiechl, S., Sitzer, M., Bickel, H., Sacco, R., Hofman, A., Mathiesen, E., Gabriel, R., Liu, J., Berenson, G., Kavousi, M., and Price, J.

Abstract

© 2016 European Society of Cardiology. Background The clinical use of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) requires normal values, which may be subject to variation of geographical factors, ethnicity or measurement details. The influence of these factors has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether normative cIMT values and their association with event risk are generalizable across populations. Design Meta-analysis of individual participant data. Method From 22 general population cohorts from Europe, North America and Asia we selected subjects free of cardiovascular disease. Percentiles of cIMT and cIMT progression were assessed separately for every cohort. Cox proportional hazards models for vascular events were used to estimate hazard ratios for cIMT in each cohort. The estimates were pooled across Europe, North America and Asia, with random effects meta-analysis. The influence of geography, ethnicity and ultrasound protocols on cIMT values and on the hazard ratios was examined by meta-regression. Results Geographical factors, ethnicity and the ultrasound protocol had influence neither on the percentiles of cIMT and its progression, nor on the hazard ratios of cIMT for vascular events. Heterogeneity for percentiles of cIMT and cIMT progression was too large to create meaningful normative values. Conclusions The distribution of cIMT values is too heterogeneous to define universal or regional population reference values. CIMT values vary widely between different studies regardless of ethnicity, geographic location and ultrasound protocol. Prediction of vascular events with cIMT values was more consistent across all cohorts, ethnicities and regions.

Published
2016

103. Inflammatory markers and extent and progression of early atherosclerosis: Meta-analysis of individual-participant-data from 20 prospective studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration

Author

Willeit, P., Thompson, S., Agewall, S., Bergström, G., Bickel, H., Catapano, A., Chien, K., De Groot, E., Empana, J., Etgen, T., Franco, O., Iglseder, B., Johnsen, S., Kavousi, M., Lind, L., Liu, J., Mathiesen, E., Norata, Giuseppe, Olsen, M., Papagianni, A., Poppert, H., Price, J., Sacco, R., Yanez, D., Zhao, D., Schminke, U., Bülbül, A., Polak, J., Sitzer, M., Hofman, A., Grigore, L., Dörr, M., Su, T., Ducimetière, P., Xie, W., Ronkainen, K., Kiechl, S., Rundek, T., Robertson, C., Fagerberg, B., Bokemark, L., Steinmetz, H., Ikram, M., Völzke, H., Lin, H., Plichart, M., Tuomainen, T., Desvarieux, M., McLachlan, S., Schmidt, C., Kauhanen, J., Willeit, J., Lorenz, M., Sander, D., Willeit, P., Thompson, S., Agewall, S., Bergström, G., Bickel, H., Catapano, A., Chien, K., De Groot, E., Empana, J., Etgen, T., Franco, O., Iglseder, B., Johnsen, S., Kavousi, M., Lind, L., Liu, J., Mathiesen, E., Norata, Giuseppe, Olsen, M., Papagianni, A., Poppert, H., Price, J., Sacco, R., Yanez, D., Zhao, D., Schminke, U., Bülbül, A., Polak, J., Sitzer, M., Hofman, A., Grigore, L., Dörr, M., Su, T., Ducimetière, P., Xie, W., Ronkainen, K., Kiechl, S., Rundek, T., Robertson, C., Fagerberg, B., Bokemark, L., Steinmetz, H., Ikram, M., Völzke, H., Lin, H., Plichart, M., Tuomainen, T., Desvarieux, M., McLachlan, S., Schmidt, C., Kauhanen, J., Willeit, J., Lorenz, M., and Sander, D.

Abstract

© 2014 European Society of Cardiology. Background Large-scale epidemiological evidence on the role of inflammation in early atherosclerosis, assessed by carotid ultrasound, is lacking. We aimed to quantify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of inflammatory markers with common-carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) in the general population. Methods Information on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, leucocyte count and CCA-IMT was available in 20 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration involving 49,097 participants free of pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Estimates of associations were calculated within each study and then combined using random-effects meta-analyses. Results Mean baseline CCA-IMT amounted to 0.74 mm (SD = 0.18) and mean CCA-IMT progression over a mean of 3.9 years to 0.011 mm/year (SD = 0.039). Cross-sectional analyses showed positive linear associations between inflammatory markers and baseline CCA-IMT. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, mean differences in baseline CCA-IMT per one-SD higher inflammatory marker were: 0.0082 mm for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.001); 0.0072 mm for fibrinogen (p < 0.001); and 0.0025 mm for leucocyte count (p = 0.033). 'Inflammatory load', defined as the number of elevated inflammatory markers (i.e. in upper two quintiles), showed a positive linear association with baseline CCA-IMT (p < 0.001). Longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers and changes therein with CCA-IMT progression were null or at most weak. Participants with the highest 'inflammatory load' had a greater CCA-IMT progression (p = 0.015). Conclusion Inflammation was independently associated with CCA-IMT cross-sectionally. The lack of clear associations with CCA-IMT progression may be explained by imprecision in its assessment within a limited time period. Our findings for 'inflammatory load' suggest important combined effects of the three

Published
2016

104. Mediterranean diet and carotid atherosclerosis in the Northern Manhattan study

Author

Gardener, H. Wright, C.B. Cabral, D. Scarmeas, N. Gu, Y. Cheung, K. Elkind, M.S.V. Sacco, R.L. Rundek, T.

Abstract

Objective: Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MeDi) may protect against clinical vascular events by reducing atherosclerosis, but data is limited. This is the first observational study of the association between MeDi adherence and carotid plaque thickness and area. Methods: The study included 1374 participants of the population-based Northern Manhattan Study with diet assessed and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque measured using B-mode ultrasound (mean age 66±9years, 60% female, 60% Hispanic, 18% White, 19% Black). A MeDi adherence score (range=0-9, 9 representing maximal adherence) was examined continuously and in quintiles (3/4/5/6-9 vs. 0-2). Results: Mean cIMT=0.9±0.1mm and 57% had plaque (median plaque thickness=1.5mm, 75th percentile=2.2; median plaque area=4.2mm2, 75th percentile=15.8). There was no association between MeDi and cIMT or plaque presence. MeDi adherence was inversely associated with the 75th percentile of plaque thickness and median of plaque area in quantile regression analyses. These associations persisted after controlling for demographics, smoking, physical activity, and total energy consumption (effect of a 1-point increase in MeDi score on the 75th percentile of plaque thickness=-0.049mm, p=0.03; median of plaque area=-0.371mm2, p=0.03), and when additionally controlling for vascular disease biomarkers, medication use, BMI, and previous cardiac disease. The protective associations appeared strongest for those with a MeDi score of 5 (4th quintile) vs. 0-2 (bottom quintile). Differential effects of a MeDi on plaque thickness and area across race/ethnic groups was suggested. Conclusions: Moderate and strict adherence to a MeDi may protect against a higher burden of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, which may mediate the protection against clinical vascular events. Efforts to improve adherence to a MeDi are critical to reducing the burden of atherosclerotic disease. © 2014.

Published
2014

105. Current trends in stroke management

Author

Demarin V., Morović S., Rundek T.

Subjects
cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke, stroke prevention, risk factors, stroke management, thrombolysis, telemedicine, teleneurology, cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

Stroke is a major health problem despite the great efforts made worldwide to fight against it. Despite therapeutic achievements to treat ischemic stroke patients in stroke units with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), prevention remains the most powerful strategy to cure this complex disease. Stroke is a heterogeneous and multi-factorial disease caused by the combination of vascular risk factors, environment, and genetic factors. These risk factors can be modifiable or non-modifiable. Recently, a great emphasis has been given to the investigations of genetic factors and stroke risk, which may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers for prevention, diagnosis and to the alternative strategies for stroke treatment. Ischemic stroke must be treated as an emergency. Immediate transportation to a nearest hospital, preferably a stroke unit, cautious lowering of excessive blood pressures (>220/120mmHg) and ab stention from heparin and aspirin are the most important measures in the pre- hospital care for a stroke patient. Intravenous thrombolysis in a 3-hour window is the only approved treatment, but it is time-dependent. In severe strokes with occlusion of large intracranial arteries, mechanical recanalization is increasingly used. In order to improve stroke care in rural and urban areas where there is no organized stroke unit, it is useful to establish a stroke network, which functions according to telemedicine and teleneurology rules.

Published
2013

106. Gender differences in stroke

Author

Rundek T., Demarin V.

Subjects
Stroke, Stroke risk factors, Gender and stroke, Stroke in men, Stroke in women, cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

Everyone is aware of many differences between men and women in everyday life. But, how ifferent are we in coping with diseases? Nowadays, results of stroke studies more often point out gender differences. It has been shown that men and women have a different profile of vascular risk factors, different response to medical treatment, therapeutic interventions, as well as post-stroke disability and care. Data have shown women to be significantly older than men when stroke occurs, more likely to suffer cardioembolic stroke and have atrial fibrillation as a risk factor. Also, stroke onset differs among men and women. Acute stroke in women commonly presents with a coma, paralysis, aphasia, swallowing difficulties and urinary incontinence. Women also show greater disability and handicap after stroke, than men. There has been a noted difference as to where patients are discharged after hospital stay. While women are more often discharged to a chronic facility, men more often return home. These differences may imply some social differences, but also point out the need for careful future management and healthcare planning.

Published
2012

107. Stroke in young

Author

Katsnelson, M. J., DAVID DELLA MORTE, and Rundek, T.

Subjects
Young, Stroke, Vascular Risk Factors, Arterial Dissection, Monogenic Disorders, Genetics, Vascular Outcomes, Prognosis, cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

Stroke is a major healthcare problem ranking as the third leading cause of death and the first cause of disability in the Western countries. Although young adults are at a lower risk of stroke compared to older people, strokes affecting those who are at earlier stages of their productive lives have a greater social impact in terms of number of years of lost productivity and disability. The incidence of stroke in young people ranges between 60 to 200 new cases per year per one million inhabitants, and the overall incidence is about one episode per 100,000 patients per year. Stroke in the young is more frequent in change with industrialized countries, in women, and in blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. In this review we sought to discuss the risk factors, and specific diseases and causes associated with stroke in the young.Moreover, we will discuss the genetic impact on stroke in young, and the outcome and prognosis after stroke among young adults.

Published
2012

108. Migraine and stroke

Author

DAVID DELLA MORTE, Katsnelson, M. J., and Rundek, T.

Subjects
migraine, stroke, aura, PFO, epidemiology, genetics
Abstract

Migraine is a primary disorder of the brainwith peripheral consequences. The prevalence of migraine is as high as 18% in the general populations. The association between migraine and stroke has been well documented in many case-control and cohort studies. This association has been stronger in patients with migraine with aura compared to migraine without aura and dependent on sex, age, frequency of attacks, and oral contraceptive treatment. The mechanisms linking migraine to stroke are complex and not entirely elucidated. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this association. In this review we discuss these hypotheses, the epidemiological data, and the role of patent foramen ovale in migraine and stroke. In addition, we discuss the possible role of genetics in the link between migraine and stroke.

Published
2012

109. Sleep and stroke

Author

Dib, S., Alberto Ramos, Wallace, D. M., and Rundek, T.

Subjects
stroke, cerebrovascular disease, sleep disorders, snoring, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, Article
Abstract

Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing (OSDB) is an under-recognized risk factor for stroke. OSDB is associated with traditional vascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, and can influence the risk for stroke through direct and indirect mechanisms. Untreated OSDB may also influence rehabilitation efforts and functional outcome following a stroke, as well as the risk for stroke recurrence. Stroke risk is greatly reduced if the OSDB is adequately treated. Conversely, OSDB may be exacerbated or caused by stroke. Increasing awareness and improving screening for OSDB is paramount in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and in improving stroke outcomes. The following review article is intended to highlight the current basics of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of OSDB in relation to stroke.

Published
2012

112. Common carotid intima-media thickness relates to cardiovascular events in adults aged <45 years

Author

Eikendal, A.L., Groenewegen, K.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Dekker, J.M., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D., Hoefer, I.E., Peters, S.A., Bots, M.L., Ruijter, H.M. Den, Eikendal, A.L., Groenewegen, K.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Dekker, J.M., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D., Hoefer, I.E., Peters, S.A., Bots, M.L., and Ruijter, H.M. Den

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Although atherosclerosis starts in early life, evidence on risk factors and atherosclerosis in individuals aged <45 years is scarce. Therefore, we studied the relationship between risk factors, common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and first-time cardiovascular events in adults aged <45 years. Our study population consisted of 3067 adults aged <45 years free from symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline, derived from 6 cohorts that are part of the USE-IMT initiative, an individual participant data meta-analysis of general-population-based cohort studies evaluating CIMT measurements. Information on risk factors, CIMT measurements, and follow-up of the combined end point (first-time myocardial infarction or stroke) was obtained. We assessed the relationship between risk factors and CIMT and the relationship between CIMT and first-time myocardial infarction or stroke using a multivariable linear mixed-effects model and a Cox proportional-hazards model, respectively. During a follow-up of 16.3 years, 55 first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes occurred. Median CIMT was 0.63 mm. Of the risk factors under study, age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol related to CIMT. Furthermore, CIMT related to first-time myocardial infarction or stroke with a hazard ratio of 1.40 per SD increase in CIMT, independent of risk factors (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.76). CIMT may be a valuable marker for cardiovascular risk in adults aged <45 years who are not yet eligible for standard cardiovascular risk screening. This is especially relevant in those with an increased, unfavorable risk factor burden.

Published
2015

113. Race/Ethnic Differences in the Associations of the Framingham Risk Factors with Carotid IMT and Cardiovascular Events

Author

Gijsberts, C.M., Groenewegen, K.A., Hoefer, I.E., Eijkemans, M.J., Asselbergs, F.W., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Kleijn, D.P. de, Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Pasterkamp, G., Peters, S.A., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D., Bots, M.L., Ruijter, H.M. Den, Gijsberts, C.M., Groenewegen, K.A., Hoefer, I.E., Eijkemans, M.J., Asselbergs, F.W., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Kleijn, D.P. de, Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Pasterkamp, G., Peters, S.A., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D., Bots, M.L., and Ruijter, H.M. Den

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 153797.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestations and outcomes of atherosclerotic disease differ between ethnic groups. In addition, the prevalence of risk factors is substantially different. Primary prevention programs are based on data derived from almost exclusively White people. We investigated how race/ethnic differences modify the associations of established risk factors with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. METHODS: We used data from an ongoing individual participant meta-analysis involving 17 population-based cohorts worldwide. We selected 60,211 participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline with available data on ethnicity (White, Black, Asian or Hispanic). We generated a multivariable linear regression model containing risk factors and ethnicity predicting mean common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and a multivariable Cox regression model predicting myocardial infarction or stroke. For each risk factor we assessed how the association with the preclinical and clinical measures of cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease was affected by ethnicity. RESULTS: Ethnicity appeared to significantly modify the associations between risk factors and CIMT and cardiovascular events. The association between age and CIMT was weaker in Blacks and Hispanics. Systolic blood pressure associated more strongly with CIMT in Asians. HDL cholesterol and smoking associated less with CIMT in Blacks. Furthermore, the association of age and total cholesterol levels with the occurrence of cardiovascular events differed between Blacks and Whites. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of associations between risk factors and the presence of atherosclerotic disease differs between race/ethnic groups. These subtle, yet significant differences provide insight in the etiology of cardiovascular disease among race/ethnic groups. These insights aid the race/ethnic-specific implementation of primary prevention.

Published
2015

114. Carotid Intima-Media thickness progression and risk of vascular events in people with Diabetes: Results from the PROG-IMT collaboration

Author

Lorenz, M.W. (Matthias), Price, J.F. (Jackie F.), Robertson, C.M. (Christine M), Bots, M.L. (Michiel), Polak, J.F. (Joseph F.), Poppert, H. (Holger), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Stensland, E. (Eva), Ducimetiere, P. (Pierre), Ronkainen, K. (Kimmo), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Sitzer, M. (Matthias), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Lind, L. (Lars), Liu, J. (Jing), Bergstrom, G. (Goran), Grigore, L. (Liliana), Bokemark, L. (Lena), Friera, A. (Alfonsa), Yanez, D. (David), Bickel, H. (Horst), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Volzke, H. (Henry), Johnsen, S.H., Empana, J.P. (Jean Philippe), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Willeit, J. (Johann), Steinmetz, H. (Helmuth), Desvarieux, M. (Moise), Xie, W. (Wuxiang), Schmidt, C. (Caroline), Norata, G.D. (Giuseppe), Suárez, C. (Carmen), Sander, D. (Dirk), Hofman, A. (Albert), Schminke, U. (Ulf), Mathiesen, E.B. (Ellisiv), Plichart, M. (Matthieu), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph), McLachlan, S. (Stela), Zhao, D. (Dong), Fagerberg, B. (Bjorn), Catapano, A.L. (Alberico L.), Gabriel, R. (Rafael), Franco, O.H. (Oscar), Bulbul, A. (Alpaslan), Scheckenbach, F. (Frank), Pflug, A. (Anja), Gao, L. (Lu), Thompson, S.G. (Simon G.), Lorenz, M.W. (Matthias), Price, J.F. (Jackie F.), Robertson, C.M. (Christine M), Bots, M.L. (Michiel), Polak, J.F. (Joseph F.), Poppert, H. (Holger), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Stensland, E. (Eva), Ducimetiere, P. (Pierre), Ronkainen, K. (Kimmo), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Sitzer, M. (Matthias), Rundek, T. (Tatjana), Lind, L. (Lars), Liu, J. (Jing), Bergstrom, G. (Goran), Grigore, L. (Liliana), Bokemark, L. (Lena), Friera, A. (Alfonsa), Yanez, D. (David), Bickel, H. (Horst), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Volzke, H. (Henry), Johnsen, S.H., Empana, J.P. (Jean Philippe), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Willeit, J. (Johann), Steinmetz, H. (Helmuth), Desvarieux, M. (Moise), Xie, W. (Wuxiang), Schmidt, C. (Caroline), Norata, G.D. (Giuseppe), Suárez, C. (Carmen), Sander, D. (Dirk), Hofman, A. (Albert), Schminke, U. (Ulf), Mathiesen, E.B. (Ellisiv), Plichart, M. (Matthieu), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Sacco, R.L. (Ralph), McLachlan, S. (Stela), Zhao, D. (Dong), Fagerberg, B. (Bjorn), Catapano, A.L. (Alberico L.), Gabriel, R. (Rafael), Franco, O.H. (Oscar), Bulbul, A. (Alpaslan), Scheckenbach, F. (Frank), Pflug, A. (Anja), Gao, L. (Lu), and Thompson, S.G. (Simon G.)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of subclinical organ damage and predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the general population. It has also been associated with vascular risk in people with diabetes. However, the association of CIMT change in repeated examinations with subsequent CVD events is uncertain, and its use as a surrogate end point in clinical trials is controversial. We aimed at determining the relation of CIMT change to CVD events in people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND MET

Published
2015
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115. Recommendations from the international stroke genetics consortium, part 2: Biological sample collection and storage

Author

Battey, TWK, Valant, V, Kassis, SB, Kourkoulis, C, Lee, C, Anderson, CD, Falcone, GJ, Jimenez-Conde, J, Fernandez-Cadenas, I, Pare, G, Rundek, T, James, ML, Lemmens, R, Lee, TH, Tatlisumak, T, Kittner, SJ, Lindgren, A, Mateen, FJ, Berkowitz, AL, Holliday, EG, Majersik, J, Maguire, J, Sudlow, C, Rosand, J, Battey, TWK, Valant, V, Kassis, SB, Kourkoulis, C, Lee, C, Anderson, CD, Falcone, GJ, Jimenez-Conde, J, Fernandez-Cadenas, I, Pare, G, Rundek, T, James, ML, Lemmens, R, Lee, TH, Tatlisumak, T, Kittner, SJ, Lindgren, A, Mateen, FJ, Berkowitz, AL, Holliday, EG, Majersik, J, Maguire, J, Sudlow, C, and Rosand, J

Published
2015

116. Carotid Intima-Media thickness progression and risk of vascular events in people with Diabetes: Results from the PROG-IMT collaboration

Author

Lorenz, M., Price, J., Robertson, C., Bots, M., Polak, J., Poppert, H., Kavousi, M., Dorr, M., Stensland, E., Ducimetiere, P., Ronkainen, K., Kiechl, S., Sitzer, M., Rundek, T., Lind, L., Liu, J., Bergstrom, G., Grigore, L., Bokemark, L., Friera, A., Yanez, D., Bickel, H., Ikram, M., Volzke, H., Johnsen, S., Empana, J., Tuomainen, T., Willeit, P., Steinmetz, H., Desvarieux, M., Xie, W., Schmidt, C., Norata, Giuseppe, Suarez, C., Sander, D., Hofman, A., Schminke, U., Mathiesen, E., Plichart, M., Kauhanen, J., Willeit, J., Sacco, R., McLachlan, S., Zhao, D., Fagerberg, B., Catapano, A., Gabriel, R., Franco, O., Bulbul, A., Scheckenbach, F., Pflug, A., Gao, L., Thompson, S., Lorenz, M., Price, J., Robertson, C., Bots, M., Polak, J., Poppert, H., Kavousi, M., Dorr, M., Stensland, E., Ducimetiere, P., Ronkainen, K., Kiechl, S., Sitzer, M., Rundek, T., Lind, L., Liu, J., Bergstrom, G., Grigore, L., Bokemark, L., Friera, A., Yanez, D., Bickel, H., Ikram, M., Volzke, H., Johnsen, S., Empana, J., Tuomainen, T., Willeit, P., Steinmetz, H., Desvarieux, M., Xie, W., Schmidt, C., Norata, Giuseppe, Suarez, C., Sander, D., Hofman, A., Schminke, U., Mathiesen, E., Plichart, M., Kauhanen, J., Willeit, J., Sacco, R., McLachlan, S., Zhao, D., Fagerberg, B., Catapano, A., Gabriel, R., Franco, O., Bulbul, A., Scheckenbach, F., Pflug, A., Gao, L., and Thompson, S.

Abstract

© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. OBJECTIVE Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of subclinical organ damage and predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the general population. It has also been associated with vascular risk in people with diabetes. However, the association of CIMT change in repeated examinations with subsequent CVD events is uncertain, and its use as a surrogate end point in clinical trials is controversial. We aimed at determining the relation of CIMT change to CVD events in people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a comprehensive meta-analysis of individual participant data, we collated data from 3,902 adults (age 33-92 years) with type 2 diabetes from 21 populationbased cohorts. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) difference inmean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) or in CCA-IMT progression, both calculated from two examinations on average 3.6 years apart, for each cohort, and combined the estimates with random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Average mean CCA-IMT ranged from 0.72 to 0.97mmacross cohorts in peoplewith diabetes. The HR of CVD events was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12-1.33) per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT, after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Average mean CCA-IMT progression in people with diabetes ranged between 20.09 and 0.04 mm/year. The HR per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT progression was 0.99 (0.91-1.08). CONCLUSIONS Despite reproducing the association between CIMT level and vascular risk in subjects with diabetes, we did not find an association between CIMT change and vascular risk. These results do not support the use of CIMT progression as a surrogate end point in clinical trials in people with diabetes.

Published
2015

117. Quality of life declines after first ischemic stroke: The Northern Manhattan Study(e–Pub ahead of print)(CME)

Author

Dhamoon, M.S., Moon, Y.P., Paik, M.C., Boden-Albala, B., Rundek, T., Sacco, R.L., and Elkind, M.S.V.

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Insurance, Health, Urban Population, Medicaid, Incidence, Articles, Recovery of Function, Disease-Free Survival, United States, Brain Ischemia, Stroke, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Quality of Life, Humans, Female, New York City, Prospective Studies, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Quality of life (QOL) after stroke is poorly characterized. We sought to determine long-term natural history and predictors of QOL among first ischemic stroke survivors without stroke recurrence or myocardial infarction (MI).In the population-based, multiethnic Northern Manhattan Study, QOL was prospectively assessed at 6 months and annually for 5 years using the Spitzer QOL index (QLI), a 10-point scale. Functional status was assessed using the Barthel Index (BI) at regular intervals, and cognition using the Mini-Mental State Examination at 1 year. Generalized estimating equations estimated the association between patient characteristics and repeated QOL measures over 5 years. Follow-up was censored at death, recurrent stroke, or MI.There were 525 incident ischemic stroke patients/=40 years (mean age 68.6 +/- 12.4 years). QLI declined after stroke (annual change -0.10, 95% confidence interval -0.17 to -0.04), after adjusting for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, insurance, depressed mood, stroke severity, bladder continence, and stroke laterality. This decline remained when BI/=95 was added to the model as a time-dependent covariate, and functional status also predicted QLI. Changes in QLI over time differed by insurance status (p for interaction = 0.0017), with a decline for those with Medicaid/no insurance (p0.0001) but not Medicare/private insurance (p = 0.98).In this population-based study, QOL declined annually up to 5 years after stroke among survivors free of recurrence or MI and independently of other risk factors. QLI declined more among Medicaid patients and was associated with age, mood, stroke severity, urinary incontinence, functional status, cognition, and stroke laterality.

Published
2010

121. Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus (2004-2006): an update on behalf of the Advisory Board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk Symposium, 13th and 15th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, and Brussels, Belgium, 2006

Author

Touboul, P. J., Hennerici, M., Meairs, S., Adams, H., Amarenco, Pierre, Bornstein, N., Csiba, László, Desvarieux, M., Ebrahim, S., Fatar, M., Hernandez Hernandez, R., Jaff, M., Kownator, S., Prati, P., Rundek, T., Sitzer, M., Schminke, U., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, A., Vicaut, E., Woo, K. S., Zannad, Faiez, and Zureik, M.

Subjects
Orvostudományok, Klinikai orvostudományok
Published
2007

122. Inflammatory markers and extent and progression of early atherosclerosis : Pooled analysis of individual participant data from 20 prospective studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration

Author

Willeit, P., Thompson, S. G., Agewall, S., Bergstrom, G., Bickel, H., Catapano, A. L., Chien, K. L., de Groot, E., Empana, J. P., Etgen, T., Franco, O. H., Iglseder, B., Johnsen, S. H., Kavousi, M., Lind, Lars, Liu, J., Mathiesen, E. B., Norata, G. D., Olsen, M. H., Papagianni, A., Poppert, H., Price, J. F., Sacco, R. L., Yanez, D. N., Zhao, D., Schminke, U., Buelbuel, A., Polak, J. F., Sitzer, M., Hofman, A., Grigore, L., Doerr, M., Su, T. C., Ducimetiere, P., Xie, W., Ronkainen, K., Kiechl, S., Rundek, T., Robertson, C., Fagerberg, B., Bokemark, L., Steinmetz, H., Ikram, M. A., Voelzke, H., Lin, H. J., Plichart, M., Tuomainen, T. P., Desvarieux, M., McLachlan, S., Schmidt, C., Kauhanen, J., Willeit, J., Lorenz, M. W., Sander, D., Willeit, P., Thompson, S. G., Agewall, S., Bergstrom, G., Bickel, H., Catapano, A. L., Chien, K. L., de Groot, E., Empana, J. P., Etgen, T., Franco, O. H., Iglseder, B., Johnsen, S. H., Kavousi, M., Lind, Lars, Liu, J., Mathiesen, E. B., Norata, G. D., Olsen, M. H., Papagianni, A., Poppert, H., Price, J. F., Sacco, R. L., Yanez, D. N., Zhao, D., Schminke, U., Buelbuel, A., Polak, J. F., Sitzer, M., Hofman, A., Grigore, L., Doerr, M., Su, T. C., Ducimetiere, P., Xie, W., Ronkainen, K., Kiechl, S., Rundek, T., Robertson, C., Fagerberg, B., Bokemark, L., Steinmetz, H., Ikram, M. A., Voelzke, H., Lin, H. J., Plichart, M., Tuomainen, T. P., Desvarieux, M., McLachlan, S., Schmidt, C., Kauhanen, J., Willeit, J., Lorenz, M. W., and Sander, D.

Published
2014

123. Common carotid intima-media thickness measurements do not improve cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with elevated blood pressure: the USE-IMT collaboration

Author

Bots, M.L., Groenewegen, K.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Hofman, A., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kavousi, M., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Ikram, M.A., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D., Franco, O.H., Peters, S.A., Ruijter, H.M. Den, Bots, M.L., Groenewegen, K.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Hofman, A., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kavousi, M., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Ikram, M.A., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D., Franco, O.H., Peters, S.A., and Ruijter, H.M. Den

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of cardiovascular risk. It is unclear whether measurement of mean common CIMT improves 10-year risk prediction of first-time myocardial infarction or stroke in individuals with elevated blood pressure. We performed an analysis among individuals with elevated blood pressure (i.e., a systolic blood pressure >/=140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure >/= 90 mm Hg) in USE-IMT, a large ongoing individual participant data meta-analysis. We refitted the risk factors of the Framingham Risk Score on asymptomatic individuals (baseline model) and expanded this model with mean common CIMT (CIMT model) measurements. From both models, 10-year risks to develop a myocardial infarction or stroke were estimated. In individuals with elevated blood pressure, we compared discrimination and calibration of the 2 models and calculated the net reclassification improvement (NRI). We included 17 254 individuals with elevated blood pressure from 16 studies. During a median follow-up of 9.9 years, 2014 first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes occurred. The C-statistics of the baseline and CIMT models were similar (0.73). NRI with the addition of mean common CIMT was small and not significant (1.4%; 95% confidence intervals, -1.1 to 3.7). In those at intermediate risk (n=5008, 10-year absolute risk of 10% to 20%), the NRI was 5.6% (95% confidence intervals, 1.6-10.4). There is no added value of measurement of mean common CIMT in individuals with elevated blood pressure for improving cardiovascular risk prediction. For those at intermediate risk, the addition of mean common CIMT to an existing cardiovascular risk score is small but statistically significant.

Published
2014

127. Common carotid intima-media thickness does not add to Framingham risk score in individuals with diabetes mellitus: the USE-IMT initiative

Author

Ruijter, H.M. Den, Peters, S.A., Groenewegen, K.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Engstrom, G., Eijkemans, M.J., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Hofman, A., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kavousi, M., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Koffijberg, H., Ikram, M.A., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D.A., Witteman, J.C., Moons, K.G., Bots, M.L., Ruijter, H.M. Den, Peters, S.A., Groenewegen, K.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Engstrom, G., Eijkemans, M.J., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Hofman, A., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kavousi, M., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Koffijberg, H., Ikram, M.A., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D.A., Witteman, J.C., Moons, K.G., and Bots, M.L.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to investigate whether measurement of the mean common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) improves cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with diabetes. METHODS: We performed a subanalysis among 4,220 individuals with diabetes in a large ongoing individual participant data meta-analysis involving 56,194 subjects from 17 population-based cohorts worldwide. We first refitted the risk factors of the Framingham heart risk score on the individuals without previous cardiovascular disease (baseline model) and then expanded this model with the mean common CIMT (CIMT model). The absolute 10 year risk for developing a myocardial infarction or stroke was estimated from both models. In individuals with diabetes we compared discrimination and calibration of the two models. Reclassification of individuals with diabetes was based on allocation to another cardiovascular risk category when mean common CIMT was added. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 684 first-time cardiovascular events occurred among the population with diabetes. The C statistic was 0.67 for the Framingham model and 0.68 for the CIMT model. The absolute 10 year risk for developing a myocardial infarction or stroke was 16% in both models. There was no net reclassification improvement with the addition of mean common CIMT (1.7%; 95% CI -1.8, 3.8). There were no differences in the results between men and women. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: There is no improvement in risk prediction in individuals with diabetes when measurement of the mean common CIMT is added to the Framingham risk score. Therefore, this measurement is not recommended for improving individual cardiovascular risk stratification in individuals with diabetes.

Published
2013

128. Common carotid intima-media thickness measurements in cardiovascular risk prediction: a meta-analysis.

Author

Ruijter, H.M. Den, Peters, S.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Eijkemans, M.J., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Hofman, A., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kavousi, M., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Koffijberg, H., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D.A., Witteman, J.C., Moons, K.G., Bots, M.L., Ruijter, H.M. Den, Peters, S.A., Anderson, T.J., Britton, A.R., Dekker, J.M., Eijkemans, M.J., Engstrom, G., Evans, G.W., Graaf, J. de, Grobbee, D.E., Hedblad, B., Hofman, A., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kavousi, M., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Koffijberg, H., Lonn, E.M., Lorenz, M.W., Mathiesen, E.B., Nijpels, G., Okazaki, S., O'Leary, D.H., Polak, J.F., Price, J.F., Robertson, C., Rembold, C.M., Rosvall, M., Rundek, T., Salonen, J.T., Sitzer, M., Stehouwer, C.D.A., Witteman, J.C., Moons, K.G., and Bots, M.L.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, CONTEXT: The evidence that measurement of the common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) improves the risk scores in prediction of the absolute risk of cardiovascular events is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether common CIMT has added value in 10-year risk prediction of first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes, above that of the Framingham Risk Score. DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were identified through literature searches of databases (PubMed from 1950 to June 2012 and EMBASE from 1980 to June 2012) and expert opinion. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if participants were drawn from the general population, common CIMT was measured at baseline, and individuals were followed up for first-time myocardial infarction or stroke. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual data were combined into 1 data set and an individual participant data meta-analysis was performed on individuals without existing cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: We included 14 population-based cohorts contributing data for 45,828 individuals. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 4007 first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes occurred. We first refitted the risk factors of the Framingham Risk Score and then extended the model with common CIMT measurements to estimate the absolute 10-year risks to develop a first-time myocardial infarction or stroke in both models. The C statistic of both models was similar (0.757; 95% CI, 0.749-0.764; and 0.759; 95% CI, 0.752-0.766). The net reclassification improvement with the addition of common CIMT was small (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.1%-1.6%). In those at intermediate risk, the net reclassification improvement was 3.6% in all individuals (95% CI, 2.7%-4.6%) and no differences between men and women. CONCLUSION: The addition of common CIMT measurements to the Framingham Risk Score was associated with small improvement in 10-year risk prediction of first-time myocardial infarction or stroke, but this improvement is unlikely to be of clinical importance.

Published
2012

132. Differences in Lipid Profiles in Two Hispanic Ischemic Stroke Populations

Author

Arauz, A, primary, Romano, J. G., additional, Ruiz-Franco, A, additional, Shang, T, additional, Dong, C., additional, Rundek, T., additional, Koch, S., additional, Hernández-Curiel, B., additional, Pacheco, J., additional, Rojas, P., additional, Ruiz-Navarro, F., additional, Katsnelson, M., additional, and Sacco, R. L., additional

Published
2013
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136. Glycine antagonist in neuroprotection for patients with acute stroke: GAIN Americas: a randomized controlled trial.

Author

Sacco RL, DeRosa JT, Haley EC Jr., Levin B, Ordronneau P, Phillips SJ, Rundek T, Snipes RG, Thompson JLP, GAIN Americas Investigators, Sacco, R L, DeRosa, J T, Haley, E C Jr, Levin, B, Ordronneau, P, Phillips, S J, Rundek, T, Snipes, R G, Thompson, J L, and Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection Americas Investigators

Abstract

Context: Elucidation of the ischemic cascade has helped stimulate development of neuroprotective drugs aimed at limiting brain injury in the hours following an ischemic stroke. To date, none of these drugs has shown clinical efficacy.Objective: To examine the efficacy of gavestinel (GV150526), an antagonist of the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, as a neuroprotective therapy for acute ischemic stroke when administered within 6 hours of symptom onset.Design: The Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) Americas trial, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial with enrollment from April 1998 to October 1999.Setting: One hundred thirty-two hospital centers across the United States and Canada.Patients: The primary efficacy population consisted of 1367 ischemic stroke patients with a predefined level of limb weakness and functional independence prior to stroke, stratified at randomization by age (75 years) and initial stroke severity (National Institutes of Health [NIH] Stroke Scale scores of 2-5, 6-13, or >/=14).Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous loading dose (800 mg) plus 5 maintenance doses (200 mg every 12 hours) of gavestinel (n = 701) or placebo (n = 666) for 3 days.Main Outcome Measure: Functional capability at 3 months, measured by the Barthel Index (BI), with scores trichotomized as dead/0-55, 60-90, and 95-100, compared between the gavestinel and placebo groups.Results: Treatment groups were well matched for baseline characteristics. For each group, median NIH Stroke Scale was 12, median age was 72 years, and median time to treatment was 5.2 hours. No statistically significant improvement on the 3-month BI trichotomy was demonstrated for gavestinel (P =.79). The proportion who were functionally independent (BI score = 95-100) was 39% in the gavestinel group and 37% in the placebo group. No statistically significant difference in 3-month survival was observed using Kaplan-Meier curves (P =.11). No other secondary end point suggested an advantage for gavestinel. Among the 333 patients (24%) who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, there was also no benefit for gavestinel (P =.53). There were no serious safety issues.Conclusion: In this study, gavestinel administered up to 6 hours after an acute ischemic stroke did not improve functional outcome at 3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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148. Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus (2004–2006)

Author

Touboul, P.-J., primary, Hennerici, M.G., additional, Meairs, S., additional, Adams, H., additional, Amarenco, P., additional, Bornstein, N., additional, Csiba, L., additional, Desvarieux, M., additional, Ebrahim, S., additional, Fatar, M., additional, Hernandez Hernandez, R., additional, Jaff, M., additional, Kownator, S., additional, Prati, P., additional, Rundek, T., additional, Sitzer, M., additional, Schminke, U., additional, Tardif, J.-C., additional, Taylor, A., additional, Vicaut, E., additional, Woo, K.S., additional, Zannad, F., additional, and Zureik, M., additional

Published
2006
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150. Atorvastatin decreases the coenzyme Q10 level in the blood of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke

Author

Rundek, T., Naini, A., and Sacco, R.

Subjects
Prevention, Research, Atorvastatin -- Research, Cardiovascular diseases -- Prevention -- Research, Stroke -- Prevention -- Research, Stroke (Disease) -- Prevention -- Research
Abstract

Rundek T, Naini A, Sacco R, et al. Arch Neurol 2004:61:889-892. BACKGROUND: Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease [...]

Published
2004

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