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Anger has been linked to cardiovascular disease, but few studies have examined the relationship between anger and type 2 diabetes. The aim was to investigate associations among different indicators of anger expression, adiposity, and nondiabetic glucose metabolism in a national survey of adults. Participants were 939 adults without diabetes in the Midlife in the US study (MIDUS II). Glucose metabolism was characterized by fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb[A.sub.1c]). Spielberger's Anger Expression inventory was used to measure suppressed anger (anger-in), expressed anger (anger-out), and controlled anger (anger-control). We investigated the relationship between anger and glucose metabolism, and whether anger amplified the adverse relationship between body weight distribution (body mass index = BMI and waist-to-hip ratio = WHR) and glucose metabolism. Multivariate-adjusted analyses revealed an association between anger-out and both insulin and insulin resistance. As predicted, anger-in amplified the relationships between BMI and insulin and insulin resistance, while anger-out amplified the association between WHR and insulin and insulin resistance. Low anger-control was associated with higher glucose. None of the three anger measures was significantly associated with Hb[A.sub.1c]. Our findings extend previous research on anger as a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes by demonstrating that anger expression is associated with clinical indicators of glycemic control, especially among those with pre-existing risk due to obesity and high central adiposity. Keywords Anger * Diabetes * Obesity * Glucose * Insulin * HOMA-IR * Insulin resistance HbA1c, Introduction Prior research has highlighted the importance of anger in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, demonstrating a strong association between anger and coronary calcification, acute myocardial infarction, subclinical atherosclerosis, and [...]

As a self-organizing act, entrepreneurship is a significant feature of and force within modern life that is intimately related to individuals' growth, development, and well-being. We present a dynamic perspective on entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being, anchored in philosophical and psychological views on the essence of well-being as well as the essence of entrepreneurship as a value-driven form of agency. Drawing on the action-phase model, which we adapt to the venture creation phases of deliberation, planning, implementation, and reflection, key propositions are developed regarding how, and under what conditions, core aspects of psychological well-being come into play along the enterprising process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown evaluative organization of self-knowledge explains variances in self-esteem and mood beyond those accounted for by positive or negative content. Here, that model is applied to the changing self-perceptions of women in a life transition. Uses a sample of 120 older women who had relocated within the past year. Discusses ways to help buffer stressful life transitions. (KW)

This article provides an overview of a model of psychological well-being put forth over 30 years ago. The intent was to advance new dimensions of positive functioning based on integration of clinical, developmental, existential, and humanistic thinking along with Aristotle’s writings about eudaimonia. The operationalization and validation of the model are briefly described, followed by an overview of scientific findings organized around (a) demographic and experiential predictors of well-being, (b) well-being as predictors of health and biomedical outcomes, (c) pathway studies that examine intervening processes (moderators, mediators), and (d) underlying mechanistic processes (neuroscience, genomics). Much prior work underscores the benefits of well-being, including for longevity. Widening socioeconomic inequality is, however, increasingly compromising the well-being of disadvantaged segments of the population. These problems have been exacerbated by recent historical stressors (Great Recession, COVID-19 pandemic). Cumulative hardships from these events and their implications for health are critical targets for future science and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Psychological well-being (PWB) may be a potential modifiable risk factor of age-related diseases. We aimed to determine associations of PWB with sensorineural and cognitive function and neuronal health in middle-aged adults. Methods: This study included 2039 Beaver Dam Offspring Study participants. We assessed PWB, hearing, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity impairment, olfactory impairment, cognition, and retinal (macular ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer, mGCIPL) thickness. Age-sex-education-adjusted multivariable linear, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation models were used and then further adjusted for health-related confounders. Results: Individuals with higher PWB had better hearing functions, visual acuity, and thicker mGCIPL and reduced odds for hearing, contrast sensitivity and olfactory impairment in age-sex-education-adjusted models. Effects on mGCIPL and visual and olfactory measures decreased with adjustment. Higher PWB was associated with better cognition, better combined sensorineural-cognitive function, and decreased cognitive impairment. Discussion: Psychological well-being was associated with sensorineural-cognitive health indicating a potential of PWB interventions for healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of cultural differences in relationships and emotions has accumulated over the past few decades. As findings on cultural differences in psychological processes have increased, there has been growing interest in investigating whether they have implications for other phenomena, such as health. Using scientific advances from the MIDUS and MIDJA studies, both publicly available, we examine links between culture and health. First, there is a brief review of the accumulated evidence on cultural influences on health correlates concerning psychosocial factors. We then feature two recent developments: a more micro‐level perspective regarding biological factors that may be involved in the culture and health linkage, and a more macro‐level view of socioeconomic inequality, which also concerns health. Both perspectives inform the pathways through which health effects become manifest. Finally, we conclude our review by highlighting the changing historical contexts within which these cross‐cultural investigations occur. Specifically, we draw attention to the widening of economic inequality across cultures and the world‐wide COVID‐19 pandemic. These instances bring notable implications for future research on health across cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of cultural differences in relationships and emotions has accumulated over the past few decades. As findings on cultural differences in psychological processes have increased, there has been growing interest in investigating whether they have implications for other phenomena, such as health. Using scientific advances from the MIDUS and MIDJA studies, both publicly available, we examine links between culture and health. First, there is a brief review of the accumulated evidence on cultural influences on health correlates concerning psychosocial factors. We then feature two recent developments: a more micro‐level perspective regarding biological factors that may be involved in the culture and health linkage, and a more macro‐level view of socioeconomic inequality, which also concerns health. Both perspectives inform the pathways through which health effects become manifest. Finally, we conclude our review by highlighting the changing historical contexts within which these cross‐cultural investigations occur. Specifically, we draw attention to the widening of economic inequality across cultures and the world‐wide COVID‐19 pandemic. These instances bring notable implications for future research on health across cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recursive partitioning is an analytic technique that is useful for identifying complex combinations of conditions that predict particular outcomes as well as for delineating multiple subgroup differences in how such factors work together. As such, the methodology is well suited to multidisciplinary, life course inquiry in which the goal is to integrate many interacting influences and understand subgroup variation. The authors conducted recursive partitioning analyses on a previously published study (D. K. Mroczek & C. M. Kolarz, 1998) that investigated life course profiles of positive and negative affect and incorporated various top-down (personality traits) and bottom-up (sociodemographic statuses, contextual influences) influences. The new analyses reveal multiway, nonlinear interactions among these variables in predicting affective experience and, importantly, life course differences in how these various factors combine. Included are details of how recursive partitioning trees are generated as well as descriptions of the software packages available for using such techniques. Overall, the methodology offers tractable strategies for discerning meaningful patterns in highly complex data sets. Keywords: recursive partitioning, negative affect, positive affect, neuroticism, extraversion Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.330.supp

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00462.x Byline: Anat Bardi (1), Carol D. Ryff (2) Abstract: ABSTRACT A longitudinal design was used to test theoretically derived interactive effects of traits on adjustment to relocation 1, 8, and 15 months after relocation of elderly women. Openness interacted with Neuroticism and with Extraversion in affecting changes in distress after relocation by amplifying the basic emotional tendencies of Neuroticism and Extraversion. These were delayed effects, occurring only 15 months after relocation. Openness also interacted with Neuroticism in predicting changes in psychological well-being with the effects occurring primarily early in postmove adjustment. In addition, Extraversion interacted with Conscientiousness and with Agreeableness in predicting changes in distress, such that the beneficial effects of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were evident only for individuals low on Extraversion. These effects were consistent across time, showing long-term effects. Overall, the findings demonstrate the multiplicity of ways in which trait interactions predict dynamic adjustment to a life transition. Author Affiliation: (1)The University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom (2)The University of Wisconsin-Madison Article note: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Anat Bardi, Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NP, UK; E-mail: A.Bardi@kent.ac.uk.