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Nine cells lines--BHK-21, Vero, Aedes albopictus, A. aegypti (monolayer and howwow vesicles), A. w-albus, A. vittatus, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus--were infected with small- and large-plaque (SP, LP) variants of chikungunya virus. Ross strain, and incubated at different temperatures. In the Aedes (29 plus or minus 1 degrees C) and the vertebrate cell lines (36 degrees C), infectivity titers of extracellular virus rapidly reached a peak; cytopathic effect (CPE) occurred only in the latter. In Anopheles cells (29 plus or minus 1 degrees C), infectivity titers increased very slowly to a peak at 10 days post-inoculation (p.i.); in Culex cells (29 plus or minus 1 degrees C or room temperature), persistence of virus only or no multiplication was observed. In infected A. albopictus, A. aegypti and A. w-albus carrier cultures, the SP variant continued to resemble the original stock virus in terms of mouse pathogenicity and plaque morphology in Vero cells, but the LP variant tended to modify toward the SP variant.

The present isolated tissue study was designed to quantitate the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist activity of AY- 30,191 (5-(1-hydroxy-2-amino-ethyl)-1H-indole-7-carboxamide) and a series of related compounds. AY-30,191 induced contractions in the rabbit aorta, which were blocked by prazosin. In the rat vas deferens, while clonidine inhibited the electrically induced twitch response, AY-30,191 caused a prazosin-sensitive augmentation. In the dog saphenous vein, rauwolscine was less effective than the combination of rauwolscine and prazosin in inhibiting the contractions induced by AY-30,191. Pretreatment of the dog saphenous vein with phenoxybenzamine reduced the response to AY-30,191. The addition of rauwolscine to phenoxybenzamine-treated tissues had no effect on the contractions to AY-30,191 remaining after phenoxybenzamine treatment. These results suggest that AY-30,191 is a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist. Optimal alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist activity in the 1H-indole-7-carboxamide series was seen in compounds in which a) the indole ring and the ethylamine side chain were intact; b) the indole nitrogen was unsubstituted; and c) the carboxamide was present at the 7-position in the indole ring. Removal of the carboxamide decreased alpha 1-adrenoceptor activity and, more importantly, resulted in a loss of alpha 1-adrenoceptor selectivity. Replacement of the carboxamide in the 7 position with methanesulfonamide resulted in a decrease in activity but a retention of alpha 1-adrenoceptor selectivity, whereas the dimethylamino analog was nonselective and the phosphoramidic acid diethylester analog was inactive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1. Protein synthesis occurs at a high rate in the ovaries of maturing Octopus vulgaris and can be measured from the incorporation of [14C]leucine in vivo and in isolated groups of eggs in vitro. 2. Removal of the optic glands in vivo 1--3 days prior to testing markedly reduces amino acid incorporation in vivo or in vitro. After 5 days in vivo incorporation stops. 3. The rate of incorporation in vitro is increased by the addition of optic gland extract. 4. Analysis of the kinetics of leucine uptake and incorporation in vitro indicates that the hormone has an effect on the inward transport of leucine which is independent of its action on protein synthesis. 5. Electron-microscope studies of the follicle cells and ova show that the former are the site of protein synthesis. 6. Changes in either uptake or incorporation into protein by the follicle cells can be used as a qualitative biolobical assay for the optic gland hormone. Uptake is very easy to measure but incorporation is the more sensitive parameter. Either is potentially suitable as a quantitative assay for this and perhaps also for other molluscan gonadotropins.

The dsRNA profiles of the Czechoslovakian and Siberian serotypes of the Kemerovo serocomplex viruses examined were similar in agarose, while their dsRNA profiles were distinct in polyacrylamide gel. Blot hybridization studies of the Kemerovo serocomplex viruses demonstrated that the genes were highly conserved among the members within each type, but not between types. Gene reassortment in vitro was demonstrated among selected pairs of the Kemerovo serocomplex viruses by intra- and inter-typic crosses. The majority of the reassortant progeny from inter-typic crosses were single gene replacements, whereas the majority of the reassortant progeny from intra-typic crosses were multiple gene replacements suggesting that certain gene combinations were restrictive under conditions of the experiment.

Malignant neuroepithelioma is a rare neoplasm arising within the peripheral nervous system. It usually occurs in the lower extremities and may involve patients in any age group. In children younger than the age of five years, the tumor must be differentiated from a metastatic neuroblastoma; in adolescents and adults the tumor must be distinguished from other malignant round-cell tumors. The poor prognosis and the need for aggressive, combined surgical and chemotherapeutic modalities in treating this tumor necessitate a prompt and accurate diagnosis.

Blindness following zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture and surgical repair is an unfortunate and uncommon complication. A review of the literature reveals fewer than 25 cases of monocular blindness resulting from zygomaticomaxillary fracture or repair. The case presented here is that of a man who was assaulted with a baseball bat and suffered a mildly displaced ZMC fracture. On admission, the patient had light perception only in his left eye. During his convalescence, vision in his left eye gradually improved to the point of allowing him to read a newspaper without difficulty. Then, 9 days after the injury (7 days after surgical repair), the patient awoke with complete blindness of the left eye. The possible mechanisms for such loss of vision are discussed.

Impingement syndrome is a common disorder of the shoulder. Most patients respond to conservative treatment consisting of rest, ice/heat, anti-inflammatory agents, and physical therapy. Subacromial corticosteroid injection may be used when other forms of conservative treatment fail. A case is reported involving a 29-year-old man who developed scapular osteomyelitis following subacromial corticosteroid injection. Successful treatment consisted of surgical debridement followed by a combination of intravenous and oral antibiotic therapy. Strict adherence to aseptic technique is emphasized for performing subacromial corticosteroid injection.

A neutrophil-derived relaxing factor (NDRF) from oyster glycogen (OG)-elicited rat PMN, which causes an endothelium independent relaxation of rat aorta, and which is pharmacologically indistinguishable from endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) has been described. Experiments were designed to evaluate the presence of NDRF in PMN from rat -whole blood, -carrageenan pleurisy, -OG peritonitis, and guinea pig (GP) -OG peritonitis, as well as in OG-elicited rat macrophages (M phi). Significant vascular relaxing activity was found using rat PMN from OG peritonitis and carrageenan pleurisy, as well as from OG-M phi. Little or no activity was found in rat whole blood PMN or PMN from GP-OG peritonitis. These results suggest that NDRF activity may be expressed upon cellular migration to an inflammatory site in the rat, and may not be present in all species. Also, all inflammatory cells examined were capable of reversing EDRF-dependent relaxations when stimulated to produce superoxide anion suggesting a dual regulatory role for these cells on local vascular tone.

Selected human sera from Peru, previously examined by the haemagglutination—inhibition (HI) test with a number of arboviruses, were reexamined by neutralization tests carried out in Vero cell cultures. Results confirmed and extended the HI findings, indicating that the antibodies detected were evoked by Eastern equine encephalitis, Mayaro, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ilheus, St Louis encephalitis, yellow fever, Caraparu, and Guaroa viruses.

Summary Of 129 different arboviruses (134 strains) inoculated into cultures of the baby-hamster kidney-cell line BHK-21 (clone 13), all but five viruses produced cytopathic effect. The agents tested comprised members of 18 serogroups and a large number of ungrouped arboviruses. Comparative titrations of 10 viruses indicated that BHK-21 tissue culture, although slightly less sensitive than infant mice, could be of value as a routine assay system. Results were satisfactory in a limited series of BHK-21 tissue-culture neutralization tests. A total of 31 arboviruses, 10 in the larger serogroups and 21 mostly ungrouped, was tested in tissue culture for hemadsorption of guinea-pig erythrocytes. Results were negative except for one ungrouped virus, both strains of which were shown to be a myxovirus. The applicability of the hemadsorption test as a screening method in field laboratories is discussed.

Chromosome Alteration and Tumour Inhibition by Nitrogen Mustards: the Hypothesis of Cross-linking Alkylation