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101. Presynaptic cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate [3H]‐Glutamate release at subthalamo‐nigral terminals of the rat.

Author

Sánchez‐Zavaleta, Rodolfo, Cortés, Hernán, Avalos‐Fuentes, José Arturo, García, Ubaldo, Segovia Vila, José, Erlij, David, and Florán, Benjamín

Abstract

Abstract: Recent studies suggested the expression of CB2 receptors in neurons of the CNS, however, most of these studies have only explored one aspect of the receptors, i.e., expression of protein, messenger RNA, or functional response, and more complete studies appear to be needed to establish adequately their role in the neuronal function. Electron microscopy studies showed the presence of CB2r in asymmetric terminals of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and its mRNA appeared is expressed in the subthalamic nucleus. Here, we explore the expression, source, and functional effects of such receptors by different experimental approaches. Through PCR and immunochemistry, we showed mRNA and protein for CB2rs in slices and primary neuronal cultures from subthalamus. GW833972A, GW405833, and JHW 133, three CB2r agonists dose‐dependent inhibited K+‐induced [3H]‐Glutamate release in slices of SNr, and the two antagonist/inverse agonists, JTE‐907 and AM630, but not AM281, a CB1r antagonist, prevented GW833972A effect. Subthalamus lesions with kainic acid prevented GW833972A inhibition on release and decreased CB2r protein in nigral synaptosomes, thus nigral CB2rs originate in subthalamus. Inhibition of [3H]‐Glutamate release was PTX‐ and gallein‐sensitive, suggesting a Giβγ‐mediated effect. P/Q Ca2+‐type channel blocker, ω‐Agatoxin‐TK, also inhibited the [3H]‐Glutamate release, this effect was occluded with GW833972A inhibition, indicating that the βγ subunit effect is exerted on Ca2+channel activity. Finally, microinjections of GW833972A in SNr induced contralateral turning. Our data showed that presynaptic CB2rs inhibit [3H]‐Glutamate release in subthalamo‐nigral terminals by P/Q‐channels modulation through the Giβγ subunit and suggested their participation in motor behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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102. Generic dynamic causal modelling: An illustrative application to Parkinson's disease.

Author

van Wijk, Bernadette C.M., Cagnan, Hayriye, Litvak, Vladimir, Kühn, Andrea A., and Friston, Karl J.

Subjects
*BASAL ganglia, *LONG-term synaptic depression, *SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, *SUBTHALAMUS, *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Abstract We present a technical development in the dynamic causal modelling of electrophysiological responses that combines qualitatively different neural mass models within a single network. This affords the option to couple various cortical and subcortical nodes that differ in their form and dynamics. Moreover, it enables users to implement new neural mass models in a straightforward and standardized way. This generic framework hence supports flexibility and facilitates the exploration of increasingly plausible models. We illustrate this by coupling a basal ganglia-thalamus model to a (previously validated) cortical model developed specifically for motor cortex. The ensuing DCM is used to infer pathways that contribute to the suppression of beta oscillations induced by dopaminergic medication in patients with Parkinson's disease. Experimental recordings were obtained from deep brain stimulation electrodes (implanted in the subthalamic nucleus) and simultaneous magnetoencephalography. In line with previous studies, our results indicate a reduction of synaptic efficacy within the circuit between the subthalamic nucleus and external pallidum, as well as reduced efficacy in connections of the hyperdirect and indirect pathway leading to this circuit. This work forms the foundation for a range of modelling studies of the synaptic mechanisms (and pathophysiology) underlying event-related potentials and cross-spectral densities. Highlights • We present a generic framework that affords a flexible implementation of DCM. • Different cortical and subcortical nodes can now be combined within a network. • User specified modulatory effects on intrinsic connections are accommodated. • We used a cortical-basal ganglia DCM to study beta oscillations in Parkinsonism. • Dopamine reduces synaptic efficacy within hyper and indirect pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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103. A 7-year observation of the effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on impulse control disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Author

Kim, Aryun, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Han-Joon, Yun, Ji Young, Yang, Hui-Jun, Lee, Woong-Woo, Shin, Chae Won, Park, Hyeyoung, Jung, Yu Jin, Kim, Ahro, Ehm, Gwanhee, Kim, Yoon, Jang, Mihee, and Jeon, Beomseok

Subjects
*SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, *DEEP brain stimulation, *IMPULSE control disorders, *PARKINSON'S disease, *FRONTAL lobe
Abstract

Introduction: Previous studies have reported improvement of impulse control disorders (ICDs) after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) as well as some de novo ICDs. However, it is not clear how STN DBS changes ICDs in the long-term.Methods Materials: Eighty-nine patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who had received a bilateral STN DBS from 2005 to 2009 and were included in our previous study were followed for 7 years with the modified Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (mMIDI). Their mMIDI scores, medication, and frontal function tests measured preoperatively and at 1 and 7 years postoperatively were compared.Results: A total of 61 patients were analyzed after excluding 10 and 18 patients due to death and lost to follow-up, respectively. The numbers of the patients with an ICD at each point were 8, 10, and 7, respectively. All preoperative ICDs disappeared after DBS. De novo ICDs within 1 year after DBS disappeared except for 1 patient. Six of the seven patients, who reported ICDs 7 years after the DBS developed that ICD between 1 and 7 years. Their total levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) and dopamine agonist dose were not higher compared to the other 54 patients without ICDs. There was no correlation with the frontal lobe dysfunction and the electrode position in the subthalamus.Conclusion: STN DBS improves baseline ICDs and results in the development of "transient" de novo ICDs in the short-term. In addition, there is a unique group of the patients who develop ICDs a long time after DBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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104. Investigating the effect of STN-DBS stimulation and different frequency settings on the acoustic-articulatory features of vowels.

Author

Yilmaz, Atilla, Sarac, Elif Tuğba, Aydinli, Fatma Esen, Yildizgoren, Mustafa Turgut, Okuyucu, Emine Esra, and Serarslan, Yurdal

Subjects
*SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, *SUBTHALAMUS, *BRAIN surgery, *PARKINSON'S disease, *DEEP brain stimulation, *PARKINSON'S disease treatment, *ARTICULATION disorders, *DIENCEPHALON, *LONGITUDINAL method, *PHONETICS, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *THERAPEUTICS, PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of speech
Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent progressive neuro-degenerative disorder. In addition to motor symptoms, nonmotor symptoms and voice and speech disorders can also develop in 90% of PD patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of DBS and different DBS frequencies on speech acoustics of vowels in PD patients.Methods: The study included 16 patients who underwent STN-DBS surgery due to PD. The voice recordings for the vowels including [a], [e], [i], and [o] were performed at frequencies including 230, 130, 90, and 60 Hz and off-stimulation. The voice recordings were gathered and evaluated by the Praat software, and the effects on the first (F1), second (F2), and third formant (F3) frequencies were analyzed.Results: A significant difference was found for the F1 value of the vowel [a] at 130 Hz compared to off-stimulation. However, no significant difference was found between the three formant frequencies with regard to the stimulation frequencies and off-stimulation. In addition, though not statistically significant, stimulation at 60 and 230 Hz led to several differences in the formant frequencies of other three vowels.Conclusion: Our results indicated that STN-DBS stimulation at 130 Hz had a significant positive effect on articulation of [a] compared to off-stimulation. Although there is not any statistical significant stimulation at 60 and 230 Hz may also have an effect on the articulation of [e], [i], and [o] but this effect needs to be investigated in future studies with higher numbers of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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105. Pallidal Deep-Brain Stimulation Disrupts Pallidal Beta Oscillations and Coherence with Primary Motor Cortex in Parkinson's Disease.

Author

Wang, Doris D., de Hemptinne, Coralie, Miocinovic, Svjetlana, Ostrem, Jill L., Galifianakis, Nicholas B., Luciano, Marta San, and Starr, Philip A.

Subjects
*PARKINSON'S disease, *DEEP brain stimulation, *MOTOR cortex, *BRAIN diseases, *SUBTHALAMUS
Abstract

In Parkinson's disease (PD), subthalamic nucleus beta band oscillations are decreased by therapeutic deep-brain stimulation (DBS) and this has been proposed as important to the mechanism of therapy. The globus pallidus is a common alternative target for PD with similar motor benefits as subthalamic DBS, but effects of pallidal stimulation in PD are not well studied, and effects of pallidal DBS on cortical function in PD are unknown. Here, in 20 PD and 14 isolated dystonia human patients of both genders undergoing pallidal DBS lead implantation, we recorded local field potentials from the globus pallidus and in a subset of these, recorded simultaneous sensorimotor cortex ECoG potentials. PD patients had elevated resting pallidal low beta band (13-20 Hz) power compared with dystonia patients, whereas dystonia patients had elevated resting pallidal theta band (4 -8 Hz) power compared with PD. We show that this results in disease-specific patterns of interaction between the pallidum and motor cortex: PD patients demonstrated relatively elevated phase coherence with the motor cortex in the beta band and this was reduced by therapeutic pallidal DBS. Dystonia patients had greater theta band phase coherence. Our results support the hypothesis that specific motor phenomenology observed in movement disorders are associated with elevated network oscillations in specific frequency bands, and that DBS in movement disorders acts in general by disrupting elevated synchronization between basal ganglia output and motor cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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106. Spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical drive to human subthalamic nucleus neurons in Parkinson's disease.

Author

Sharott, Andrew, Gulberti, Alessandro, Hamel, Wolfgang, Köppen, Johannes A., Münchau, Alexander, Buhmann, Carsten, Pötter-Nerger, Monika, Westphal, Manfred, Gerloff, Christian, Moll, Christian K.E., and Engel, Andreas K.

Subjects
*SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, *SUBTHALAMUS, *NERVE cell culture, *NERVE tissue proteins, *PARKINSON'S disease, *PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Pathological synchronisation of beta frequency (12–35 Hz) oscillations between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and cerebral cortex is thought to contribute to motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). For this cortico-subthalamic oscillatory drive to be mechanistically important, it must influence the firing of STN neurons and, consequently, their downstream targets. Here, we examined the dynamics of synchronisation between STN LFPs and units with multiple cortical areas, measured using frontal ECoG, midline EEG and lateral EEG, during rest and movement. STN neurons lagged cortical signals recorded over midline (over premotor cortices) and frontal (over prefrontal cortices) with stable time delays, consistent with strong corticosubthalamic drive, and many neurons maintained these dynamics during movement. In contrast, most STN neurons desynchronised from lateral EEG signals (over primary motor cortices) during movement and those that did not had altered phase relations to the cortical signals. The strength of synchronisation between STN units and midline EEG in the high beta range (25–35 Hz) correlated positively with the severity of akinetic-rigid motor symptoms across patients. Together, these results suggest that sustained synchronisation of STN neurons to premotor-cortical beta oscillations play an important role in disrupting the normal coding of movement in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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107. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Parameter Optimization for Vowel Acoustics and Speech Intelligibility in Parkinson's Disease.

Author

Knowles, Thea, Adams, Scott, Abeyesekera, Anita, Mancinelli, Cynthia, Gilmore, Greydon, and Jog, Mandar

Subjects
*SUBTHALAMUS, *PARKINSON'S disease patients, *DEEP brain stimulation, *INTELLIGIBILITY of speech, *VOWELS
Abstract

Purpose: The settings of 3 electrical stimulation parameters were adjusted in 12 speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) to examine their effects on vowel acoustics and speech intelligibility. Method: Participants were tested under permutations of low, mid, and high STN-DBS frequency, voltage, and pulse width settings. At each session, participants recited a sentence. Acoustic characteristics of vowel production were extracted, and naive listeners provided estimates of speech intelligibility. Results: Overall, lower-frequency STN-DBS stimulation (60 Hz) was found to lead to improvements in intelligibility and acoustic vowel expansion. An interaction between speaker sex and STN-DBS stimulation was found for vowel measures. The combination of low frequency, mid to high voltage, and low to mid pulse width led to optimal speech outcomes; however, these settings did not demonstrate significant speech outcome differences compared with the standard clinical STN-DBS settings, likely due to substantial individual variability. Conclusions: Although lower-frequency STN-DBS stimulation was found to yield consistent improvements in speech outcomes, it was not found to necessarily lead to the best speech outcomes for all participants. Nevertheless, frequency may serve as a starting point to explore settings that will optimize an individual's speech outcomes following STN-DBS surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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108. VMAT2 availability in Parkinson’s disease with probable REM sleep behaviour disorder

Author

Sang Soo Cho, Antonio P. Strafella, Alexander Mihaescu, Mario Masellis, Carme Uribe, Robert Chen, and Mikaeel Valli

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Positron emission tomography, Parkinson's disease, Dopamine, Nigrostriatal pathway, Substantia nigra, Neurones, Dopamina, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Vesicular monoamine transporter 2, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, VMAT2, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Malaltia de Parkinson, medicine, Humans, RC346-429, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Trastorns del son, Denervation, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, biology, Putamen, Research, Subthalamus, Parkinson Disease, Sleep disorders, medicine.disease, Corpus Striatum, REM sleep behaviour disorder, [11C]DTBZ, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Globus pallidus, nervous system, Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins, biology.protein, Parkinson’s disease, Tomografia per emissió de positrons, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) can be an early non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with pathology involving mainly the pontine nuclei. Beyond the brainstem, it is unclear if RBD patients comorbid with PD have more affected striatal dopamine denervation compared to PD patients unaffected by RBD (PD-RBD−). To elucidate this, we evaluated the availability of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), an index of nigrostriatal dopamine innervation, in 15 PD patients with probable RBD (PD-RBD+), 15 PD-RBD−, and 15 age-matched healthy controls (HC) using [11C]DTBZ PET imaging. This technique measured VMAT2 availability within striatal regions of interest (ROI). A mixed effect model was used to compare the radioligand binding of VMAT2 between the three groups for each striatal ROI, while co-varying for sex, cognitive function and depression scores. Multiple regressions were also computed to predict clinical measures from group condition and VMAT2 binding within all ROIs explored. We observed a significant main effect of group condition on VMAT2 availability within the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamus. Specifically, our results revealed that PD-RBD+ had lower VMAT2 availability compared to HC in all these regions except for the subthalamus and substantia nigra, while PD-RBD− was significantly lower than HC in all these regions. PD-RBD− showed a negative relationship between motor severity and VMAT2 availability within the left caudate. Our findings reflect that both PD patient subgroups had similar denervation within the nigrostriatal pathway. There were no significant interactions detected between radioligand binding and clinical scores in PD-RBD+. Taken together, VMAT2 and striatal dopamine denervation in general may not be a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of RBD in PD patients. Future studies are encouraged to explore other underlying neural chemistry mechanisms contributing to RBD in PD patients.

Published
2021

109. Cortical Electrophysiology of Response Inhibition in Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract

A clinical trial, NCT06234995, is currently underway to investigate the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The trial aims to determine how the location and size of the electrical field produced by subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS impact the engagement of circuits involving prefrontal cortex executive functions and the patient's ability to inhibit actions. The trial will measure response time, percentage of errors, and stopping time during specific tasks, while also recording EEG signals. The study will enroll PD patients and healthy controls, examining the effects of the disease process, levodopa treatment, and cognitive status on performance and cortical electrophysiology. The results may help inform future DBS targeting and programming strategies to minimize cognitive side effects. The study is currently recruiting participants and is being conducted by Emory University in collaboration with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

110. Research from Mayo Clinic Has Provided New Study Findings on Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (Direct comparison between 18F-Flortaucipir tau PET and quantitative susceptibility mapping in progressive supranuclear palsy).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, compared two imaging techniques, 18F-Flortaucipir tau PET and quantitative susceptibility mapping, in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The study found that the pattern of tau PET uptake was similar to the pattern of magnetic susceptibility in subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia and midbrain, suggesting a potential relationship between the two. The researchers also found that some of the tau PET uptake in subcortical regions was related to iron deposition. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tau PET findings in PSP and other neurodegenerative diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

112. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Using Dreadd For Neuronal Modulation In Treating Neuronal Diseases", for Approval (USPTO 20240009324).

Abstract

A patent application has been submitted for a method of using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to treat neuronal diseases. The method involves suppressing neuronal activity in certain brain regions and enhancing activity in others by transfecting neurons with inhibitory or excitatory DREADDs and activating them with a synthetic ligand. This technique allows for precise manipulation of neuronal activity and has potential applications in treating hypo-kinetic diseases like Parkinson's disease and hyper-kinetic diseases like chorea or Tourette syndrome. The method aims to improve motor activities and alleviate non-motor symptoms without causing permanent damage to the brain. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

113. New Central Nervous System Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at University College Dublin (Impact of Network Topology on Neural Synchrony in a Model of the Subthalamic Nucleus-Globus Pallidus Circuit).

Abstract

Researchers at University College Dublin have conducted a study on the impact of network topology on neural synchrony in a model of the subthalamic nucleus-globus pallidus circuit. The study found that changes in the structural arrangement of connections between neurons can alter synchrony in the circuit. The researchers examined five different topologies and found that beta band synchrony generally increased as the number of connections increased, but the relationship was topology specific. The study also investigated the relationship between structure and synchrony in a network model designed to emulate the action selection role of the circuit. Increasing the number of connections and/or the overlap of action selection channels led to a rapid transition to synchrony. The findings provide insights into the relationship between network structure and neural synchrony in the central nervous system. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

114. Data on Biology Discussed by Researchers at University of Sydney (Architecture of the subthalamic nucleus).

Abstract

A recent report from the University of Sydney discusses the architecture of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a brain structure that is targeted for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The STN is currently used as a treatment for Parkinson's disease, dystonia, essential tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and shows promise for refractory Tourette syndrome. Recent gene expression studies have provided insights into the anatomical and cellular organization of the STN, revealing a heterogeneous molecular architecture. The addition of molecular profiling of the STN has the potential to advance precision in clinical interventions targeting the STN for severe brain disorders. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

115. New Edema Study Findings Recently Were Published by a Researcher at Neurology Unit (Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment of Symptomatic Edema after Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Case Series Study).

Abstract

A recent study conducted in Reggio Emilia, Italy, has reported on three patients with advanced Parkinson's Disease who developed symptomatic brain edema after undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) surgery. The patients were assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and were found to have reversible cognitive alterations. The study concluded that while post-DBS edema is a common and benign occurrence, in rare cases it can lead to significant clinical disturbances. The researchers suggest that performing a brain CT scan a few days after surgery may help detect and treat edema before it becomes a clinical problem. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

116. Report Summarizes Deep Brain Stimulation Study Findings from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (White Matter Connectivity of Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Interna Targets for Deep Brain Stimulation).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai explored the differences in structural connectivity between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus interna (GPi) in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). The study used patient-specific data and simulated DBS activation to analyze the connectivity patterns of these two targets. The results showed significant connectivity differences between the STN and GPi, suggesting that these differences may contribute to the varying clinical benefits obtained from targeting each nucleus with DBS. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between these connectivity differences and clinical outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

117. Investigators from University of Minnesota Twin Cities Have Reported New Data on Parkinson's Disease (Frequency Settings of Subthalamic Nucleus Dbs for Parkinson's Disease: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis).

Subjects
PARKINSON'S disease, SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, DEEP brain stimulation, BASAL ganglia diseases, CENTRAL nervous system diseases
Abstract

A recent study conducted by investigators from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities examined the efficacy of different frequency settings for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. The study found that high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was associated with better Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) scores compared to low-frequency stimulation (LFS). However, LFS in combination with medication was favored over HFS with medication. The study suggests that bilateral HFS may be more beneficial for patients who do not respond to medication, while LFS can improve unique symptoms through different neuro-physiological mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

118. Reports Outline Deep Brain Stimulation Study Results from Department of Neurosurgery (Probabilistic Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Sweet Spot Integration Into a Commercial Deep Brain Stimulation Programming Software Can Predict Effective...).

Abstract

A study conducted in Bern, Switzerland, explored the integration of a probabilistic subthalamic nucleus (STN) sweet spot into a commercial deep brain stimulation (DBS) programming software. The researchers aimed to determine if this integration could predict effective stimulation parameters for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing DBS. The study included 14 patients with PD, and image-based contact prediction showed high reliability. The researchers concluded that this integrated image-based programming approach shows promise but needs further evaluation on a larger scale and in a prospective multicenter cohort. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

119. University of Oxford Researcher Adds New Data to Research in Movement Disorders (Subthalamic nucleus shows opposite functional connectivity pattern in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Oxford explored the functional connectivity patterns of the subthalamic nucleus in Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. Using ultra-high-field 7T MRI, the researchers found that the subthalamic nucleus exhibited opposite functional signatures in the two diseases. The study also revealed altered functional connectivity within the sensorimotor cortex in both diseases. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathophysiological processes of Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease and their impact on the overall sensorimotor functional connection of the subthalamic nucleus and sensorimotor cortex. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

120. Researcher at Chemnitz University of Technology Publishes New Data on Parkinsonian Disorders (Does Impaired Plantar Cutaneous Vibration Perception Contribute to Axial Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease? Effects of Medication and Subthalamic...).

Abstract

A recent study conducted at Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany explored the relationship between impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception and axial motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The study compared three groups: PD patients on medication, PD patients on medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), and healthy subjects. The results showed that PD patients had poorer motor performance compared to healthy subjects, but those receiving both medication and STN-DBS had better motor performance than those on medication alone. Additionally, PD patients had impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception, but this was less pronounced in those receiving both medication and STN-DBS. The study suggests that impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception may contribute to axial motor symptoms in PD. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

121. Subthalamic nucleus neurons encode syllable sequence and phonetic characteristics during speech.

Abstract

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses a study on the role of the basal ganglia in speech production. The study focused on the firing rate of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons in individuals with Parkinson's disease who were undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantation. The results showed that STN neurons encode both the phonetic content and the sequence features of spoken syllables. The findings suggest that the basal ganglia is involved in speech sequencing and phoneme selection. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

122. University of Gdansk Researcher Describes Findings in Parkinson's Disease (Deep-Brain Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Enhances Food-Related Motivation by Influencing Neuroinflammation and Anxiety Levels in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Parkinson's...).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Gdansk in Poland explored the effects of deep-brain subthalamic nucleus stimulation (DBS-STN) on food-related motivation, anxiety levels, and neuroinflammation in a rat model of early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). The study found that DBS-STN had beneficial effects on food intake patterns, motivation, and anxiety levels in the rats. Additionally, the researchers observed reduced levels of IL-6-labeled cells in certain brain areas and elevated corticosterone plasma concentration after DBS-STN. The study suggests that understanding the relationship between DBS-STN and inflammation is crucial for optimizing DBS therapy for PD. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

123. Patent Issued for Methods and systems for target localization and DBS therapy (USPTO 11813458).

Subjects
DEEP brain stimulation, PARKINSON'S disease, CENTRAL nervous system diseases, EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology), BASAL ganglia diseases
Abstract

Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation has been issued a patent for methods and systems related to target localization and deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. DBS is used to treat neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. The patent describes a method for assessing the decline in therapeutic efficacy of DBS by providing stimulation to the patient, determining impedances at the electrodes, sensing evoked potentials, and determining the cause of the decline based on the impedances and evoked potentials. This technology aims to improve the placement of electrode leads and optimize stimulation parameters for individual patients. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

124. Deep Brain Stimulation of the H Fields of Forel Alleviates Tics in Tourette Syndrome

Author

Clemens Neudorfer, Faycal El Majdoub, Stefan Hunsche, Klaus Richter, Volker Sturm, and Mohammad Maarouf

Subjects
deep brain stimulation, subthalamus, fields of forel, pallidothalamic fibers, Tourette syndrome, CSTC, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

The current rationale for target selection in Tourette syndrome revolves around the notion of cortico-basal ganglia circuit involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease. However, despite extensive research, the ideal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) is still under debate, with many structures being neglected and underexplored. Based on clinical observations and taking into account the prevailing hypotheses of network processing in Tourette syndrome, we chose the fields of Forel, namely field H1, as a target for DBS. The fields of Forel constitute the main link between the striatopallidal system and the thalamocortical network, relaying pallidothalamic projections from core anatomical structures to the thalamic ventral nuclear group. In a retrospective study we investigated two patients suffering from chronic, medically intractable Tourette syndrome who underwent bilateral lead implantation in field H1 of Forel. Clinical scales revealed significant alleviation of tics and comorbid symptoms, namely depression and anxiety, in the postoperative course in both patients.

Published
2017
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125. Contribution of Basal Ganglia to the Sense of Upright: A Double-Blind Within-Person Randomized Trial of Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease with Pisa Syndrome

Author

Elena Moro, Anna Castrioto, Dominic Pérennou, Valérie Fraix, M Jaeger, Paul Krack, Bettina Debû, Stephan Chabardes, Céline Piscicelli, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and University of Bern

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Deep brain stimulation, Parkinson's disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Basal Ganglia, law.invention, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Neuromodulation, Basal ganglia, medicine, Deformity, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Subthalamus, Parkinson Disease, Syndrome, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Trunk, medicine.anatomical_structure, Space Perception, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Background: Verticality perception is frequently altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with Pisa syndrome (PS). Is it the cause or the consequence of the PS? Objective: We tested the hypothesis that both scenarios coexist. Methods: We performed a double-blind within-person randomized trial (NCT02704910) in 18 individuals (median age 63.5 years) with PD evolving for a median of 17.5 years and PS for 2.5 years and treated with bilateral stimulation of the subthalamus nuclei (STN-DBS) for 6.5 years. We analyzed whether head and trunk orientations were congruent with the visual (VV) and postural (PV) vertical, and whether switching on one or both sides of the STN-DBS could modulate trunk orientation via verticality representation. Results: The tilted verticality perception could explain the PS in 6/18 (33%) patients, overall in three right-handers (17%) who showed net and congruent leftward trunk and PV tilts. Two of the 18 (11%) had an outstanding clinical picture associating leftward: predominant parkinsonian symptoms, whole-body tilt (head –11°, trunk –8°) and transmodal tilt in verticality perception (PV –10°, VV –8.9°). Trunk orientation or VV were not modulated by STN-DBS, whereas PV tilts were attenuated by unilateral or bilateral stimulations if it was applied on the opposite STN. Conclusion: In most cases of PS, verticality perception is altered by the body deformity. In some cases, PS seems secondary to a biased internal model of verticality, and DBS on the side of the most denervated STN attenuated PV tilts with a quasi-immediate effect. This is an interesting track for further clinical studies.

Published
2021
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127. Image-based biophysical modeling predicts cortical potentials evoked with subthalamic deep brain stimulation

Author

Bryan Howell, Philip A. Starr, Faical Isbaine, Robert E. Gross, Jon T. Willie, Cameron C. McIntyre, Svjetlana Miocinovic, Coralie de Hemptinne, and Enrico Opri

Subjects
Parkinson's disease, Deep brain stimulation, Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, Biophysics, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Subthalamic nucleus, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Neural Pathway, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Evoked potential, Electrocorticography, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Parkinson Disease, Evoked potentials, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Subthalamus, Parkinson’s disease, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, Biophysical modeling, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Image based, RC321-571
Abstract

Background Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease and continues to advance technologically with an enormous parameter space. As such, in-silico DBS modeling systems have become common tools for research and development, but their underlying methods have yet to be standardized and validated. Objective Evaluate the accuracy of patient-specific estimates of neural pathway activations in the subthalamic region against intracranial, cortical evoked potential (EP) recordings. Methods Pathway activations were modeled in eleven patients using the latest advances in connectomic modeling of subthalamic DBS, focusing on the hyperdirect pathway (HDP) and corticospinal/bulbar tract (CSBT) for their relevance in human research studies. Correlations between pathway activations and respective EP amplitudes were quantified. Results Good model performance required accurate lead localization and image fusions, as well as appropriate selection of fiber diameter in the biophysical model. While optimal model parameters varied across patients, good performance could be achieved using a global set of parameters that explained 60% and 73% of electrophysiologic activations of CSBT and HDP, respectively. Moreover, restricted models fit to only EP amplitudes of eight standard (monopolar and bipolar) electrode configurations were able to extrapolate variation in EP amplitudes across other directional electrode configurations and stimulation parameters, with no significant reduction in model performance across the cohort. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that connectomic models of DBS with sufficient anatomical and electrical details can predict recruitment dynamics of white matter. These results will help to define connectomic modeling standards for preoperative surgical targeting and postoperative patient programming applications.

Published
2021

128. Basic Tips: How Do I Start Programming Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson Disease Patients?

Author

Carolina Gorodetsky and Alfonso Fasano

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Deep brain stimulation, Process (engineering), Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, Subthalamus, Local field potential, 030105 genetics & heredity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Globus pallidus, Neurology, How Do I?, Programming process, Component (UML), medicine, Neurology (clinical), Technological advance, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an integral component of Parkinson disease treatment. Programming a DBS device is a time‐consuming process and requires a highly trained specialist to obtain optimal results. During the last few years, we have witnessed a rapid technological advance of DBS systems, making the programming process even more complex and emphasizing the need for a structured approach. In this manuscript and the attached videos, we will demonstrate a step‐by‐step programming approach for DBS targeting the subthalamus and the globus pallidus pars Interna. In doing so we will show the main features and differences of the three main systems available on the market, including the newest ones able to record braingenerated local field potentials for clinical applications.

Published
2021
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129. Comorbid seizure reduction after pallidothalamic tractotomy for movement disorders: Revival of Jinnai’s Forel‐H‐tomy

Author

Shiro Horisawa, Tomokatsu Hori, Satoru Miyao, Takakazu Kawamata, Kotaro Kohara, and Takaomi Taira

Subjects
Adult, Male, Movement disorders, Adolescent, Aura, Pallidotomy, Progressive myoclonus epilepsy, Forel‐H‐tomy, lcsh:RC346-429, Temporal lobe, Lesion, Stereotaxic Techniques, Epilepsy, Young Adult, Seizures, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Dystonia, Movement Disorders, business.industry, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Short Research Articles, Neurology, Dyskinesia, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Anesthesia, Subthalamus, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic, medicine.symptom, business, Split-Brain Procedure, pallidothalamic tract
Abstract

Forel‐H‐tomy for intractable epilepsy was introduced by Dennosuke Jinnai in the 1960s. Recently, Forel‐H‐tomy was renamed to “pallidothalamic tractotomy” and revived for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Two of our patients with movement disorders and comorbid epilepsy experienced significant seizure reduction after pallidothalamic tractotomy, demonstrating the efficacy of this method. The first was a 29‐year‐old woman who had temporal lobe epilepsy with focal impaired awareness seizure once every three months and an aura 10‐20 times daily, even with four antiseizure medicines. For the treatment of hand dyskinesia, she underwent left pallidothalamic tractotomy and her right‐hand dyskinesia significantly improved. Fourteen months later, she had experienced no focal impaired awareness seizure and the aura decreased to one to three times per month. The second case was that of a 15‐year‐old boy diagnosed with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, who developed generalized tonic‐clonic seizure, which manifested once every month, despite treatment with five antiseizure medicines. After surgery, myoclonic movements in his right hand slightly improved. A one‐year follow‐up revealed that he had not experienced a generalized tonic‐clonic seizure. The lesion locations in the two cases were close to the vicinity of Jinnai's Forel‐H‐tomy. Forel's field H deserves reconsideration as a treatment target for intractable epilepsy.

Published
2021

130. The Subthalamic Nucleus : Part II: Modelling and Simulation of Activity

Author

Tjitske Heida, Enrico Marani, Kamen G. Usunoff, Tjitske Heida, Enrico Marani, and Kamen G. Usunoff

Subjects
Neural networks (Neurobiology), Subthalamus, Subthalamus--Cytology, Basal ganglia
Abstract

Part II starts with a systemic model of the basal ganglia to evaluate the position of the STN in the direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathways. A summary of in vitro studies is given, describing STN spontaneous activity as well as responses to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing inputs, and high frequency stimulation. STN bursting activity and the underlying ionic mechanisms are investigated. Deep brain stimulation used for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease is discussed in terms of the elements that are influenced and its hypothesized mechanisms. This part of the monograph pays attention to the pedunculopontine-subthalamic connections and tries in cell cultures to mimic neurotransmitter actions of the pedunculopontine nucleus and high frequency stimulation on cultured dissociated rat subthalamic neurons. STN cell models: single and multi compartment, and system level models are discussed in relation to subthalamic function and dysfunction. Part I and II are mutually compared.

Published
2008

131. The Subthalamic Nucleus : Part I: Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections

Author

Enrico Marani, Tjitske Heida, Egbert A. J. F. Lakke, Kamen G. Usunoff, Enrico Marani, Tjitske Heida, Egbert A. J. F. Lakke, and Kamen G. Usunoff

Subjects
Subthalamus--Development, Subthalamus, Subthalamus--Cytology
Abstract

This monograph gives an overview of the STN. It treats the position of the STN in hemiballism, based on older and recent data. The cytology encompasses the neuronal types present in the STN in nearly all studied species and focuses on interneurons and the extent of their dendrites. Ultrastructural features are described for cat and baboon (F1, F2, Sr, LR1, LR2 boutons and d.c.v. terminals, together with vesicle containing dendrites), the cytochemistry is focused on receptors (dopamine, cannabinoid, opioid, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and cholinergic-, purinergic ones) and calcium binding proteins and calcium channels. The development of the subthalamic nucleus from the subthalamic cell cord is given together with its developing connections. The topography of rat, cat, baboon and man is worked out as to cytology, sagittal borders, surrounding nuclei and tracts, and aging of the human STN. The connections of the STN are extensively elaborated on: cortical-, subthalamo-cortical-, pallidosubthalamic-, pedunculopontine-, raphe-, thalamic-, central grey-, and nigral connections. Emphasis is put on human connections. Recent nigro-subthalamic studies showed a contralateral projection. The role of the STN in the basal ganglia circuitry is described as to the direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathway. The change the STN undergoes in Parkinson's disease in neuronal firing rate and firing pattern is demonstrated together with the possible mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. The results of in vitro measurements on dissociated cultured subthalamic neurons are presented. The preliminary effects of application of acetylcholine and high frequency stimulation are described. This part is preceded with studies concerning spontaneous activity, depolarizing and hyperpolarizing inputs, synaptic inputs, high frequency stimulation, and burst activity of STN cells. The last extensive part concerns STN cell models and simulation of neuronal networks. Single cell models (model of Otsukaand Terman/Rubin) are compared and the multi-compartment model of Gillies and Willshaw is explored. The globus pallidus externus-STN network as proposed by Terman is briefly described. The monograph finishes with a series of interpretations of the results.

Published
2008

132. Neuroanatomical background and functional considerations for stereotactic interventions in the H fields of Forel.

Author

Neudorfer, Clemens and Maarouf, Mohammad

Subjects
*NEUROANATOMY, *SUBTHALAMUS, *DEEP brain stimulation, *PARKINSON'S disease, *TOURETTE syndrome, *PHYSIOLOGY, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

The H fields of Forel constitute an intricate neuroanatomical structure that occupies a central position within the posterior subthalamus. Anatomically, it features a dense concentration of fiber bundles including corticofugal, pallidothalamic, cerebellothalamic and other projections that connect functionally relevant areas of the brain. Functionally, the fields of Forel are embedded within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit and constitute the main link between the striatopallidal system and the thalamocortical network. Given the current understanding of basal ganglia involvement in movement disorders and neuropsychiatric disease we sought to investigate the H fields of Forel as a potential target in stereotactic functional neurosurgery. Although historically recognized in the treatment of movement disorders, behavioral disorders and epilepsy, the significance of the H fields is considerably diminished today receiving only little attention. Owing to the current lack of reviews addressing the anatomical and functional organization of Forel's fields, we aim to deliver an up-to-date overview of the H fields in this paper. We investigate the complex neuroanatomy and describe the passage of the various fiber systems that course through the posterior subthalamus. We revise the role of Forel's fields in the current context of our understanding of cortico-basal ganglia circuitry and discuss the historic relevance of Forel's fields during the lesional era. Finally, we provide an outlook regarding the potential of deep brain stimulation in close proximity and within the H fields of Forel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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133. Altered emotional prosody processing in patients with Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus stimulation.

Author

Yazhou Jin, Zhiqi Mao, Zhipei Ling, Xin Xu, Guang Xie, and Xinguang Yu

Subjects
*VERSIFICATION, *PARKINSON'S disease patients, *SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, *SUBTHALAMUS, *MILD cognitive impairment, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit deficits in recognizing and expressing vocal emotional prosody. The aim of this study was to explore emotional prosody processing in patients with PD shortly after subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: Two groups of patients with PD (pre-DBS and post-DBS) and one healthy control (HC) group were recruited as participants. All participants (PD and HC) were assessed using the Montreal Affective Voices database 50 Voices Recognition test. All participants were asked to nonverbally express five basic emotions (happiness, anger, fear, sadness, and neutral) to test emotional prosody expression. Fifteen native Chinese speakers were recruited as raters. We recorded the accuracy rate, reaction time, confidence level, and two acoustic parameters (mean pitch and mean intensity). Results: The PD groups scored lower than the HC group in recognizing and expressing emotional prosody. STN DBS had no significant effect on the recognition of emotional prosody but had a significant effect on fear prosody expression. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between performance on emotional prosody recognition tests and performance on emotional prosody expression tests in both the pre-DBS PD and post-DBS PD groups. Conclusion: Shortly after STN DBS, the ability to recognize emotional prosody was not altered, but fear expression was impaired. We identified associations between abnormalities in emotional prosody recognition and expression deficits both before and after STN DBS, indicating that the processes involved in recognizing and expressing emotional prosody may share a common system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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134. Deep Brain Stimulation of the H Fields of Forel Alleviates Tics in Tourette Syndrome.

Author

Neudorfer, Clemens, El Majdoub, Faycal, Hunsche, Stefan, Richter, Klaus, Sturm, Volker, and Maarouf, Mohammad

Subjects
TOURETTE syndrome, DEEP brain stimulation, TIC disorders, GANGLIA, SUBTHALAMUS, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

The current rationale for target selection in Tourette syndrome revolves around the notion of cortico-basal ganglia circuit involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease. However, despite extensive research, the ideal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) is still under debate, with many structures being neglected and underexplored. Based on clinical observations and taking into account the prevailing hypotheses of network processing in Tourette syndrome, we chose the fields of Forel, namely field H1, as a target for DBS. The fields of Forel constitute the main link between the striatopallidal system and the thalamocortical network, relaying pallidothalamic projections from core anatomical structures to the thalamic ventral nuclear group. In a retrospective study we investigated two patients suffering from chronic, medically intractable Tourette syndrome who underwent bilateral lead implantation in field H1 of Forel. Clinical scales revealed significant alleviation of tics and comorbid symptoms, namely depression and anxiety, in the postoperative course in both patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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135. Free-water metrics in medial temporal lobe white matter tract projections relate to longitudinal cognitive decline

Author

Timothy J. Hohman, Niranjana Shashikumar, Angela L. Jefferson, Kimberly R. Pechman, Elizabeth E. Moore, Bennett A. Landman, Logan Dumitrescu, Derek B. Archer, and Katherine A. Gifford

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Uncinate fasciculus, Audiology, Gyrus Cinguli, Hippocampus, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Temporal lobe, Cohort Studies, White matter, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Memory, Fractional anisotropy, Humans, Cingulum (brain), Medicine, Cognitive Dysfunction, Longitudinal Studies, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, Cognitive decline, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Fornix, Organ Size, Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, Temporal Lobe, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Subthalamus, Anisotropy, Female, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Diffusion MRI
Abstract

ObjectiveHippocampal volume is a sensitive marker of neurodegeneration and a well-established predictor of age-related cognitive impairment. Recently, free-water (FW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown associations with pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but it is still unclear whether these metrics are associated with measures of cognitive impairment. Here, we investigate whether FW and FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FAT) within medial temporal lobe white matter tracts (cingulum, fornix, uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and tapetum) provides meaningful contribution to cognition and cognitive decline beyond hippocampal volume.Participants and MethodsVanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants (n=319, 73±7 years, 59% male) with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (40% of cohort) underwent baseline brain MRI, including structural MRI to quantify hippocampal volume, diffusion MRI to quantify medial temporal lobe white matter tract FW and FAT, and longitudinal neuropsychological assessment with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Linear regressions were conducted to determine how hippocampal volume and white matter tract FW and FAT interact with baseline memory and executive function performances. Competitive model analyses determined the unique variance provided by white matter tract FW and FAT beyond that of hippocampal volume and other comorbidities. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to determine how baseline hippocampal volume and white matter tract FW and FAT interact to explain longitudinal change in memory and executive function performances.ResultsFW in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, tapetum, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum were robustly associated with baseline memory and executive function. Further, competitive model analysis showed that tract FW contributed unique variance beyond other comorbidities and hippocampal volume for memory (ΔRadj2 range: 0.82-2.00%) and executive function (ΔRadj2 range: 0.88-1.87%). Longitudinal analyses demonstrated significant interactions of hippocampal volume and FAT in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (p=0.02), tapetum (p=0.02), uncinate fasciculus (p=0.02), and cingulum (p=0.002) with decline in memory. For decline in executive function, we found significant interactions of hippocampal volume and FAT in inferior longitudinal fasciculus (p=0.03), tapetum (p=0.02), uncinate fasciculus (p=0.02), and fornix (p=0.02), as well as cingulum (p=0.02) and fornix (p=0.02) FW.ConclusionsOur results highlight novel associations between FW and FAT measures of medial temporal lobe tract microstructure and cognitive performance such that individuals with smaller hippocampal volumes and lower tract microstructure experience greater cognitive decline. These results suggest that white matter has a unique role in cognitive decline and, therefore, could be used to provide better disease staging, allowing for more precise disease monitoring in AD.

Published
2020
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136. Studies from University of Groningen Add New Findings in the Area of Neuroscience (Dorsal subthalamic nucleus targeting in deep brain stimulation: microelectrode recording versus 7-Tesla connectivity).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Groningen explored the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease patients. The study compared the placement of DBS electrodes in the motor-connected subthalamic nucleus (mc-STN) versus the non-motor-connected subthalamic nucleus (nmc-STN) using 7-Tesla MRI connectivity segmentation. The results showed that DBS electrodes placed in the motor-connected subthalamic nucleus resulted in higher motor improvement compared to those placed in the non-motor-connected subthalamic nucleus. However, microelectrode recording did not accurately distinguish between these subdivisions within the subthalamic nucleus. This research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of targeting specific brain regions for DBS in Parkinson's disease treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

137. Findings on Parkinson's Disease Reported by Investigators at Capital Medical University (Simultaneous Pet/fmri Revealed Increased Motor Area Input To Subthalamic Nucleus In Parkinson's Disease).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by investigators at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, explored the connection between the motor area and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The researchers used a noninvasive approach, combining PET and fMRI data, to evaluate the direction of connectivity. The study found that PD patients exhibited increased glucose metabolism and STN functional connectivity in the sensorimotor area. The findings suggest an exaggerated cortical input to the STN in PD, which could inform treatment strategies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

138. Location of strong sense of discomfort in brain found.

Abstract

Researchers at Uppsala University have identified a new neural circuit in the brain that produces a strong sense of discomfort when activated. This discovery suggests that the subthalamic nucleus, a structure in the brain that controls voluntary movements, may also play a role in the development of depression. The study, published in Cell Reports, could lead to improved treatments for Parkinson's disease. The researchers used optogenetics to stimulate the subthalamic nucleus in mice and observed aversion and avoidance behavior, which persisted even after the stimulation was deactivated. This finding increases our understanding of the brain's emotional system and may explain why some Parkinson's patients experience side effects such as severe depression when treated with deep brain stimulation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

139. Exploring the local field potential signal from the subthalamic nucleus for phase-targeted auditory stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract

A preprint abstract discusses the potential use of phase-targeted auditory stimulation (PTAS) to enhance slow waves in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study aimed to determine if the local-field potential of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-LFP) could be used to detect frontal slow waves and evaluate the effects of PTAS. Patients with PD underwent recordings with surface EEG and STN-LFP signals while PTAS was applied during sleep. The results showed that slow waves of the cortex and STN were time-locked during NREM sleep, and the effects of PTAS were observed in the STN-LFP signals. The study suggests that PTAS could be implemented using the STN-LFP signal for slow wave detection. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

140. Research from Capital Medical University Reveals New Findings on Parkinson's Disease (Dysconnectivity of the parafascicular nucleus in Parkinson's disease: A dynamic causal modeling analysis).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, has revealed new findings on Parkinson's disease. The study focused on the parafascicular nucleus and its role in Parkinson's disease patients. Using resting-state functional MRI and spectral dynamic causal modeling, the researchers found that the connectivity between the parafascicular nucleus and certain brain regions was altered in Parkinson's disease patients compared to healthy controls. These findings provide insights into the impaired basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits and suggest that the parafascicular nucleus could be a potential target for neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

141. Patent Issued for Methods and systems for lead movement detection and response in DBS therapy (USPTO 11786736).

Abstract

Keywords: Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions; Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation; Brain; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Business; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Computers; Deep Brain Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Health and Medicine; Healthcare Technology Companies; Medical Device Companies; Medical Devices; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Neurostimulator; Parkinson's Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prosencephalon; Software; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus; Therapy EN Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Brain Brain Diseases and Conditions Business Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Computers Deep Brain Stimulation Electric Stimulation Therapy Health and Medicine Healthcare Technology Companies Medical Device Companies Medical Devices Movement Disorders Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Neurostimulator Parkinson's Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Prosencephalon Software Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus Therapy 1817 1817 1 11/06/23 20231110 NES 231110 2023 NOV 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation (Valencia, California, United States) has been issued patent number 11786736, according to news reporting originating out of Alexandria, Virginia, by NewsRx editors. Further, physicians typically treat the patient with stimulation and medication, and proper amounts of each are required for optimal therapy. DBS has been applied therapeutically for the treatment of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's Disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and epilepsy, to name but a few. Further details discussing the treatment of diseases using DBS are disclosed in U.S. Pat. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

142. Reports from Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Describe Recent Advances in Deep Brain Stimulation (Subthalamic nucleus physiology is correlated with deep brain stimulation motor and non-motor outcomes).

Abstract

A threshold STN-DBS score >2.5 (preferentially composed of normalized root mean square >1.5, STN width >3 mm and a dorsolateral oscillatory region/STN width ratio >1/3) predicts better motor and non-motor long-term outcomes. Keywords: Brain; Central Nervous System; Deep Brain Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Health and Medicine; Operative Surgical Procedures; Prosencephalon; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus; Surgery EN Brain Central Nervous System Deep Brain Stimulation Electric Stimulation Therapy Health and Medicine Operative Surgical Procedures Prosencephalon Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus Surgery 1072 1072 1 11/06/23 20231110 NES 231110 2023 NOV 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- New research on deep brain stimulation is the subject of a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

143. Sapienza University of Rome Researchers Report on Findings in Parkinson's Disease (Effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on patients with Parkinson's disease: a machine-learning voice analysis).

Abstract

Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions, Brain, Brain Diseases and Conditions, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Cyborgs, Emerging Technologies, Health and Medicine, Machine Learning, Movement Disorders, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions, Parkinson's Disease, Parkinsonian Disorders, Prosencephalon, Subthalamic Nucleus, Subthalamus Keywords: Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions; Brain; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Cyborgs; Emerging Technologies; Health and Medicine; Machine Learning; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Parkinson's Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prosencephalon; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus EN Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions Brain Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Cyborgs Emerging Technologies Health and Medicine Machine Learning Movement Disorders Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Parkinson's Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Prosencephalon Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus 1089 1089 1 11/06/23 20231106 NES 231106 2023 NOV 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Researchers detail new data in Parkinson's disease. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

144. New Deep Brain Stimulation Findings from Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena Described (Long-term Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation On Speech In Parkinson's).

Abstract

Italy, Europe, Brain, Central Nervous System, Deep Brain Stimulation, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Health and Medicine, Operative Surgical Procedures, Prosencephalon, Subthalamic Nucleus, Subthalamus, Modena, Surgery Keywords: Modena; Italy; Europe; Brain; Central Nervous System; Deep Brain Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Health and Medicine; Operative Surgical Procedures; Prosencephalon; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus; Surgery EN Modena Italy Europe Brain Central Nervous System Deep Brain Stimulation Electric Stimulation Therapy Health and Medicine Operative Surgical Procedures Prosencephalon Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus Surgery 605 605 1 10/24/23 20231026 NES 231026 2023 OCT 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- Current study results on Electric Stimulation Therapy - Deep Brain Stimulation have been published. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

146. Patent Issued for Unidirectional electrode and method for stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus of the brain (USPTO 11759629).

Abstract

The conductive face of the electrode assembly is proximate the STN and the insulated face faces the internal capsule, the thalamus or other non-targeted tissue. Keywords: Brain; Business; Central Nervous System; Deep Brain Stimulation; Diencephalon; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Health and Medicine; Internal Capsule; Prosencephalon; Sensoria Therapeutics Inc.; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus; Telencephalon; Thalamus EN Brain Business Central Nervous System Deep Brain Stimulation Diencephalon Electric Stimulation Therapy Health and Medicine Internal Capsule Prosencephalon Sensoria Therapeutics Inc. Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus Telencephalon Thalamus 9873 9873 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Sensoria Therapeutics Inc. (Irvine, California, United States) has been issued patent number 11759629, according to news reporting originating out of Alexandria, Virginia, by NewsRx editors. Deep brain stimulation is accomplished by placing a neurostimulation lead connected to a pulse generator within the brain, near or contacting the brain structures such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN) that control motor functions. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

148. University of Michigan Researcher Reveals New Findings on Parkinson's Disease (Impact of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on urinary dysfunction and constipation in Parkinson's disease).

Abstract

Keywords: Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions; Brain; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Deep Brain Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Health and Medicine; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Parkinson's Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prosencephalon; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus; Surgery EN Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions Brain Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Deep Brain Stimulation Electric Stimulation Therapy Health and Medicine Movement Disorders Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Parkinson's Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Prosencephalon Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus Surgery 1311 1311 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Devices & Surgical Technology Week -- Current study results on Parkinson's disease have been published. Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions, Brain, Brain Diseases and Conditions, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Deep Brain Stimulation, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Health and Medicine, Movement Disorders, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions, Parkinson's Disease, Parkinsonian Disorders, Prosencephalon, Subthalamic Nucleus, Subthalamus, Surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

149. Capital Medical University Researchers Report Recent Findings in Parkinson's Disease (Unlocking potential: low frequency subthalamic nucleus stimulation enhances executive function in Parkinson's disease patients with postural instability/gait...).

Abstract

Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions, Brain, Brain Diseases and Conditions, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Health and Medicine, Movement Disorders, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions, Parkinson's Disease, Parkinsonian Disorders, Prosencephalon, Subthalamus, Subthalamic Nucleus Keywords: Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions; Brain; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Health and Medicine; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Parkinson's Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prosencephalon; Subthalamic Nucleus; Subthalamus EN Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions Brain Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Health and Medicine Movement Disorders Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Parkinson's Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Prosencephalon Subthalamic Nucleus Subthalamus 90 90 1 09/19/23 20230923 NES 230923 2023 SEP 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Fresh data on Parkinson's disease are presented in a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

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