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Objective: Nasal septum perforation is an anatomical defect located in the nasal septal cartilage/bone and mucosa. The most common cause of nasal septal perforations is septoplasty. Repair of nasal septal perforations is difficult regardless of the surgical technique due to its location and health of the surrounding tissues. Currently, no technique has been defined to be used for closure of all nasal septal perforations. We aimed to present our bipediculated crescent-shaped unilateral slide flap technique, which we designed and used as a novel technique for closure of nasal septal perforations, and its surgical results. Design: Retrospective study. Settings: Single-center patients with nasal septum perforation. Participants: 36 patients who underwent nasal septum perforation repair in our clinic between 2018-2022. All patients underwent surgical procedure with the same technique by the same surgeon. Main Outcome Measures: Nasal septum perforation closure success at 6th month follow-up. Results: Thirty-six patients, including 20 males and 16 females, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 35,58±9,6. The most common cause of nasal septal perforation was previous septal surgeries. The septal perforation dimensions of the patients were between 5-23 mm and the mean was 13,86±5,4 mm. Septal perforation closure rate was determined as 94.4% in the 6 months follow-up results after surgery. Conclusion: Bipediculated crescent shaped unilateral sliding flap is an effective, easy and novel technique in the repair of nasal septal perforations.

BACKGROUND: We detected yellow-green fluorescence in the face, hair and lunulae of patients using favipiravir. AIM: We evaluated the frequency and intensity of favipiravir-associated fluorescence. PATIENTS/METHODS: The participants comprised patients who had taken at least a single dose of favipiravir and been examined no later than 30 days after the last dose. The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), Fitzpatrick's skin-type, hair color, N-acetylcysteine use, presence and the intensity of fluorescent reflection under Wood's light in the lunulae of the fingernails, hair, and the face were recorded. RESULTS: There were 275 patients, 144 (52.4%) of whom were women. 165 (57.9%) had used treatment for a maximum of 5 days, 99 (34.7%) for 6-10 days, and 21 (7.4%) for more than ten days. Using more than 22 tablets of favipiravir increased the probability of detecting fluorescence in the lunulae by 6.72 (2.61-17.23) times. Using more than 28 tablets increased the risk of fluorescence in hair and the T-zone by 5.92 (2.43-14.71) and 2.88 (1.11-7.47) times, respectively. No relationship was found between the fluorescence intensity in any localization and the total dose. However, we determined a negative correlation between the elapsed time after the last dose and the fluorescence intensity in the lunulae and the T-zone (p=0.036; p=0.031; respectively). It was noted that BMI negatively correlated with the fluorescence intensity in the lunulae (p=0.001). Skin type was related to intensity for all localizations (p

The success of GeSn alloys as active material for infrared lasers could pave the way toward a monolithic technology that can be manufactured within mainstream silicon photonics. Nonetheless, for operation on chip, lasing should occur at room temperature or beyond. Unfortunately, despite the intense research in recent years, many hurdles have yet to be overcome. An approach exploiting strain engineering to induce large tensile strain in micro-disk made of GeSn alloy with Sn content of 14 at% is presented here. This method enables robust multimode laser emission at room temperature. Furthermore, tensile strain enables proper valence band engineering; as a result, over a large range of operating temperatures, lower lasing thresholds are observed compared to high Sn content GeSn lasers operating at similar wavelength.

Recent achievements of direct band gap with germanium by alloying with tin or by tensile strain engineering has enabled multiple times demonstration of laser emission in the 2-4µm wavelength range. This fast and promising emergence of CMOS-compatible laser technology in the Mid-IR faces, however, major issues, e.g., high power density of thresholds, hindering the aim to be integrated on a silicon chip and develop low cost sensing and/or Datacom devices. In this report we show that combining both tensile strain and Sn alloying can effective engineer the material band structure and its optical gain properties. We also evidence the importance of defects management on GeSn lasing characteristics, beyond the band structure engineering. We discuss the potential of GeSnOI technology to address above aspects, which enabled to drastically reduce the lasing thresholds in microdisk laser cavities and reach continuous-wave operation in GeSn active media.

GeSn alloys are nowadays considered as the most promising materials to build Group IV laser sources on silicon (Si) in a full complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible approach. Recent GeSn laser developments rely on increasing the band structure directness, by increasing the Sn content in thick GeSn layers grown on germanium (Ge) virtual substrates (VS) on Si. These lasers nonetheless suffer from a lack of defect management and from high threshold densities. In this work we examine the lasing characteristics of GeSn alloys with Sn contents ranging from 7 \% to 10.5 \%. The GeSn layers were patterned into suspended microdisk cavities with different diameters in the 4-\SI{8 }{\micro\meter} range. We evidence direct band gap in GeSn with 7 \% of Sn and lasing at 2-\SI{2.3 }{\micro\meter} wavelength under optical injection with reproducible lasing thresholds around \SI{10 }{\kilo\watt\per\square\centi\meter}, lower by one order of magnitude as compared to the literature. These results were obtained after the removal of the dense array of misfit dislocations in the active region of the GeSn microdisk cavities. The results offer new perspectives for future designs of GeSn-based laser sources., 30 pages, 9 figures

Acharya Balkrishna,1,2 Sudeep Verma,1 Sachin Sakat,1 Kheemraj Joshi,1 Siva K Solleti,1 Kunal Bhattacharya,1 Anurag Varshney1,2 1Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; 2Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, IndiaCorrespondence: Anurag Varshney, Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India, Tel +91 1334-244107 x7458, Fax +91 1334 244805, Email anurag@prft.co.inPurpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that varies in signs and symptoms in different individuals. General symptoms include dryness of the skin, itching, and development of red to brownish-gray patches. Divya-Kayakalp-Vati (DKV) and -Oil (DKO) are Indian polyherbal compositions prescribed for treating inflammatory skin diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV and DKO co-treatment (DKV-O) in ameliorating Oxazolone (OXA)-stimulated AD-like inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a Swiss albino mouse model.Methods: Phytochemical profiling of the DKV and DKO were done using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) QToF. Swiss albino mice were sensitized for 7 days and treated with OXA in their ear region. Stimulated and control animals were orally treated with DKV and topically with DKO. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV-O was determined in OXA-treated animals through physiological, histopathological, and biochemical parameter analysis.Results: DKV and DKO formulations individually contained 39 and 59 phytochemicals, respectively. Many of the phytochemicals have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. In the OXA-sensitized Swiss albino mice, combined treatment with DKV-O, and separately with Dexamethasone (positive control) significantly reduced the OXA-stimulated ear edema, biopsy weight, and epidermal thickness. DKV-O further reduced OXA-stimulated induction of inflammatory lesions, neutrophil influx, and release of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase.Conclusion: Finally, DKV-O co-treatment showed good pharmacological effects in ameliorating AD-like inflammation through the modulation of inflammatory cell influx and release of soluble mediators. Therefore, DKV-O treatment can be used as a suitable polyherbal therapeutic against AD-like inflammatory diseases.Keywords: inflammation, oxazolone, phytochemical profile, pro-inflammatory cytokines, histopathological analysis, biochemical analysis

In this study, we aimed to reveal the effectiveness of Quercetin and Naringenin in preventing radiotherapy-associated submandibular gland injury.The study was conducted using 48 adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. The rats received only Naringenin was regarded as Group 2, received only Quercetine was regarded as Group 3. The rats exposed to radiotheraphy at a dose of 15 Gy was regarded as Group 4. Rats in group 5 were received Naringenin at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for one week prior to radiotheraphy exposition while rats in group 6 was received Quercetine at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for one week prior to radiotheraphy. Rats were sacrificed after radiotheraphy and submandibular glands were dissected for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations.Quercetin and Naringenin were found to have protective effect against radiation-induced damage. Naringenin and Quercetin increased the levels of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione and Total antioxidant status while decreasing the levels of Myeloperoxidase and Total oxidant status. Also, these agents inhibited the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine immunohistochemically.With their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, Naringenin and Quercetin exhibit histopathological, immunochemical, and biochemical protection against radiation-related submandibular gland injury. In addition, Quercetin was found to be superior to Naringenin in terms of this efficacy.

International audience; Nous présentons les récents développements scientifiques et techniques liés aux sources lasers infrarouges en micro-cavités à base d’alliages germanium-étain (GeSn). Ces alliages sont des matériaux semi-conducteurs de la filière silicium compatibles avec les procédés de fabrication bas coût de l’industrie de la micro-électronique. Un des enjeux est d’obtenir un alignement direct de la structure de bande électronique avec ces éléments de la colonne IV.

The ultraconfined light of plasmonic modes put their effective wavelength close to the mean free path of electrons inside the metal electron gas. The Drude model, which can not take the repulsive interactions of electrons into account, then clearly begins to show its limits. In an intermediate length scale where a full quantum treatment is computationally prohibitive, the semiclassical hydrodynamic model, instrinsically non-local, has proven successful. Here we generalize the expression for the absorption volume density and the reciprocity theorem in the framework of this hydrodynamic model. We validate numerically these generalized theorems and show that using classical expressions instead leads to large discrepancies., 10 pages, 8 figures

The division of Muslims into 73 sects was revealed by the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and it is reported in a hadith, known as hadith of Iftirāq al-Ummah. This hadith clarifies the existence of one of the sects which is in the right path, named al-Firqah al-Nājiyah, whilst the rest of the sects are described as unjust sects and Allah SWT promised them Hell. Consequently, there are sects claiming themselves to be the al-Firqah al-Nājiyah and labelling the others who are not in agreement with them as unrighteous. This circumstance evoked certain parties to reject this hadith because it is thought to be the root of schisms and disunity of the people. The rejection of the hadith however should be based on the strength and weakness of the reliance on the hadith’s sanad and does not rely solely on the assumption of Illah’s existence from the sanad’s meaning. Hence, this qualitative study was conducted upon 33 reports of hadith Iftirāq al-Ummah from 14 sahabahs of Prophet Muhammad. The evaluation is made based on the discussions among the trustworthy scholars of hadith by analyzing the chain of narrators and the relation between the chains of narrators. The study found that this hadith was reported from five sahabah r.a which was originally at hasan level and could be upgraded to sahih level with the assistance of shawahid from the report of five narrations of sahabah. Each of the narration supported and strengthen each other. Whereas the rest of the narrations are not escaped from flaws and weaknesses of the narrators. Sahih level of narrations explained that al-Firqah al-Nājiyah was al-Jama‘ah and al-Sawad al-A‘zam. Abstrak Perpecahan umat Islam kepada 73 puak telah diberitakan oleh Rasulullah melalui sebuah hadis yang dikenali sebagai hadis Iftirāq al-Ummah. Hadis ini menjelaskan bahawa wujudnya satu puak yang berada dalam kebenaran (al-Firqah al-Nājiyah), manakala puak yang selebihnya disifatkan sebagai puak yang sesat. Rentetan itu, terdapat puak yang mendakwa diri masing-masing sebagai al-Firqah al-Nājiyah, sekaligus melontar kesesatan terhadap pihak yang bertentangan dan berlainan aliran. Keadaan ini mendorong sesetengah pihak menolak hadis ini kerana dianggap sebagai punca perbalahan dan perpecahan umat. Sewajarnya penolakan sesebuah hadis perlulah berdasarkan kepada kekuatan dan kelemahan sandaran sanad hadis dan tidak semata-mata bergantung kepada sangkaan wujudnya ʻillah pada makna hadis. Justeru kajian kualitatif dijalankan terhadap 33 periwayatan hadis Iftirāq al-Ummah yang diriwayatkan melalui 14 orang para sahabat. Analisis sanad hadis dengan mengikut metode ahli hadis dijalankan terhadap rantaian sanad hadis di samping penilaian terhadap pertautan di antara sanad. Kajian mendapati bahawa sebahagian sanad hadis ini berada pada kedudukan hasan, dan dapat ditingkatkan ke tahap sahih dengan adanya shawāhid daripada lima periwayatan para sahabat. Setiap riwayat tersebut menguatkan di antara satu sama lain. Manakala riwayat yang selainnya tidak lekang daripada kecacatan dan kelemahan periwayatnya. Riwayat yang sahih menjelaskan bahawa al-Firqah al-Nājiyah ialah al-Jamāʻah dan al-Sawād al-A'zam.

Introduction: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Ototoxicity is one of the main side-effects restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of gallic acid, in biochemical, functional and histopathological terms, against ototoxicity induced by cisplatin. Methods: Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of seven animals each. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. Gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days. Cisplatin + gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days and a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin at 3rd day. A control group received 1 mL intraperitoneal saline solution for five consecutive days. Prior to drug administration, all rats were exposed to the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test. The test was repeated on the 6th day of the study. All rats were then sacrificed; the cochleas were removed and set aside for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: In cisplatin group, Day 6 signal noise ratio values were significantly lower than those of the other groups. Also, malondialdehyde levels in cochlear tissues were significantly higher, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. Histopathologic evaluation revealed erosion in the stria vascularis, degeneration and edema in the connective tissue layer in endothelial cells, impairment of outer hair cells and a decrease in the number of these calls. In the cisplatin + gallic acid group, this biochemical, histopathological and functional changes were reversed. Conclusion: In the light of our findings, we think that gallic acid may have played a protective role against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, as indicated by the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test results, biochemical findings and immunohistochemical analyses. Resumo: Introdução: A cisplatina é um agente antineoplásico amplamente usado no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer. A ototoxicidade é um dos principais efeitos colaterais que restringem o uso da cisplatina. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia protetora do ácido gálico, em termos bioquímicos, funcionais e histopatológicos, contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina. Método: Vinte e oito ratas Sprague-Dawley foram incluídas. As ratas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de sete animais cada. O grupo cisplatina recebeu uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina. O grupo ácido gálico recebeu ácido gálico via intraperitoneal a uma dose de 100 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos. O grupo cisplatina + ácido gálico recebeu ácido gálico via intraperitoneal a uma dose de 100 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos e uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina no terceiro dia. O grupo controle recebeu 1 mL de solução salina via intraperitoneal por cinco dias consecutivos. Antes da administração do fármaco, todos os ratos foram expostos ao teste de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção. O teste foi repetido no sexto dia do estudo. Todos os ratos foram então sacrificados; as cócleas foram removidas e reservadas para análises bioquímicas e histopatológicas. Resultados: No grupo cisplatina, os valores da relação sinal-ruído do dia 6 foram significativamente mais baixos aos dos outros grupos. Além disso, os níveis de malondialdeído nos tecidos cocleares foram significativamente mais altos, e as atividades de superóxido dismutase e glutatione peroxidase foram significativamente mais baixas em comparação com o grupo controle. A avaliação histopatológica revelou erosão na estria vascular, degeneração e edema na camada de tecido conjuntivo em células endoteliais, comprometimento das células ciliadas externas e diminuição do número dessas células. No grupo cisplatina + ácido gálico, estas alterações bioquímicas, histopatológicas e funcionais foram revertidas. Conclusão: Tendo em vista os nossos achados, consideramos que o ácido gálico pode ter desempenhado um papel protetor contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina em ratas, conforme indicado pelos resultados do teste emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção, achados bioquímicos e análises imuno-histoquímicas. Keywords: Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, Gallic acid, Oxidative stress, DPOAE, Palavras-chave: Ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina, Ácido gálico, Estresse oxidativo, EOAPD

Resume Objectif Evaluer, en debut d’experience, la morbidite precoce et plus particulierement l’incontinence urinaire apres enucleation endoscopique de prostate au laser Holmium (HoLEP), en preciser la nature, l’evolution et rechercher des facteurs predictifs de survenue. Patients et methode Nous avons realise une etude observationnelle, analytique, retrospective, monocentrique incluant tous les patients operes d’une hypertrophie benigne de prostate (HBP) par HoLEP entre novembre 2015 et janvier 2017. Les donnees ont ete recueillies en pre-, per- et postoperatoire. Le suivi etait de 6 mois. Resultats Cent soixante et onze patients ont ete inclus. 23 patients (14,6 %) ont eu une complication classee selon Clavien-Dindo [4] : 19 (83 %) Clavien 2, 1 (4 %) Clavien 3b et 3 (13 %) Clavien 4. A 1 mois postoperatoire, 64 (42,7 %) patients presentaient une incontinence urinaire dont 55 (86,1 %) uniquement a l’effort. 18 (32,7 %) etaient incontinent urinaire a 6 mois. L’energie delivree en peroperatoire ainsi que l’IIEF5 preoperatoire etaient statiquement associes a la survenue d’une incontinence urinaire d’effort. Il n’a pas ete mis en evidence de lien entre l’apprentissage et la survenue de l’incontinence. Conclusion Le taux important d’incontinence urinaire post HoLEP en debut d’experience implique une reflexion sur la technique utilisee ainsi que sur l’information delivree aux patients en preoperatoire. Niveau de preuve 4.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), histopathological findings and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) [neutrophil (N) x platelet (P) / lymphocyte (L)] values.93 patients with DTC were included. N, P and L levels were measured, and the relationship between the SII and histopathological findings was determined. The results were compared with the values of 33 healthy controls.SII values were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.000). Tumour pathology diagnosis had no significant effect on SII (p = 0.90). Perineural lymphovascular and capsule invasion and extrathyroidal extension also had no significant effect on SII values. SII was significantly higher in patients with more than one tumour focus (p = 0.01). No significant relationship was determined between tumour diameter and SII.SII is higher in patients with DTC compared to the healthy population. High SII values may be associated with multifocality. According to the results of this study, SII does not affect the histological type, perineural, lymphovascular and capsule invasion, or extrathyroidal extension of DTC.L’indice infiammatorio immunitario sistemico nei carcinomi differenziati della tiroide.Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di indagare la relazione tra i carcinomi differenziati della tiroide (DTC), i risultati istopatologici e i valori dell’indice infiammatorio immunitario sistemico (SII) (neutrofili (N) x piastrine (P) / linfociti (L)).In questo studio sono stati inclusi 93 pazienti con DTC. Sono stati misurati i livelli di N, P e L ed è stata determinata la relazione tra il SII e i risultati istopatologici. I risultati sono stati confrontati con i valori di un gruppo di controllo sano di 33 membri.I valori di SII erano significativamente più alti nel gruppo di pazienti rispetto al gruppo di controllo (p = 0.000). La patologia tumorale non ha avuto effetti significativi su SII (p = 0.90). Anche l’invasione linfovascolare perineurale e della capsula e l’estensione extratiroidea non hanno avuto effetti significativi sui valori di SII. Il SII era significativamente più alto nei pazienti con più di un focolaio tumorale (p = 0.01). Nessuna relazione significativa è stata determinata tra diametro del tumore e SII.SII è più alto nei pazienti con DTC rispetto alla popolazione sana. Valori elevati di SII possono essere associati alla multifocalità. Secondo i risultati di questo studio, la SII non influenza il tipo istologico, l’invasione perineurale, linfovascolare e capsulare o l’estensione extratiroidea del DTC.

Direct band gap achievements in germanium by alloying with tin or by tensile strain engineering has enabled, in recent years, several demonstrations of laser emission in the 2-5µm wavelength range. This fast and promising emergence of CMOS-compatible laser technology in the Mid-IR faces, however, major issues, e.g. high threshold power densities, which limit the integration of GeSn as a gain media on a silicon chip for cost-efficient sensing and/or short-range Datacom devices. We show that combining tensile strain and Sn alloying enables one to effectively engineer the material band structure and its optical gain properties. We also evidence the importance of defects management on GeSn lasing characteristics, beyond the band-structure engineering. We discuss the potential of GeSnOI technology to address the above-mentionned aspects, which enabled to drastically reduce the lasing thresholds in microdisk laser cavities and reach continuous-wave operation in GeSn.

Linnaeus University – Campus Kalmar School of Business and Economics Leadership and Management in International Contexts (60 credits) Title: Transformational Leadership in the Chinese Culture – A Quantitative Study on the Impact of Transformational Leadership on Chinese Internet Companies’ Performance. This research aims to study how transformational leadership affects organizational performance and the mediation effect of employee voice behaviour. A quantitative research method and a deductive research approach were used for this research study, where theoretical concepts were developed. Several hypotheses were derived as means to test the existing theories regarding research variables. The data in this research was collected through a 384 completed online survey questionnaire from employees of the top ten listed Chinese internet companies. Various statistical techniques, including Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and mediation effect testing, were implemented to provide evidence for hypothesis testing. The statistical analysis results indicate that a particular dimension of transformational leadership positively impacts Chinese internet companies’ performance, and employee voice behaviour has a partial mediation effect in this relationship.

Sahityavadi ki upadhi ke davedar aadaraniya Annabhau Sathe keval Maharashtra bhar ke liye nahi, balki bharatbhumi ke bahar aanter rastriya star pa , Rashia tak apai lekhani ke balbute par pahuchanevale ekmatra* sahityakar hai.

We fabricated a Ge 0.92 Sn 0.08 micro-disk laser with a lasing threshold as low as 20-30 kW/cm2 at 75 K. A specific etching process was developed to remove the dense array of misfit dislocations from the gain medium. Further surface treatments and passivations improved the lasing dynamics.

International audience; In the last decades, designs of most incandescent sources have been realized by heating the whole device. Here we propose a novel approach consisting in taking advantage of hot nanoemitters that can be cooled in a few tens of nanoseconds. It offers a new opportunity for high speed modulation and for enhanced agility in the active control of polarization, direction and wavelength of emission. To compensate the weak thermal emission of isolated nanoemitters, we propose to insert them in some complex environments, such as e.g. the gap of cold nanoantenna, which allow a significant thermal emission enhancement of the hot nanovolume. In order to optimize this kind of device, a fully vectorial upper bound for the thermal emission of a hot nanoparticle in a cold environment is derived. This criterion is very general since it is equivalent to an absorption cross-section upper bound for the nanoparticle. Moreover, it is an intrinsic characteristic of the environment regardless of the nanoparticle, so it allows to decouple the design of the environment from the one of the hot nanovolume. It thus provides a good figure of merit to compare the ability of different systems to enhance thermal emission of hot nanoemitters.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a ubiquitous chronic disease with a growing incidence. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of naringenin against AR induced in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. The other 24 rats were sensitized with intraperitoneal 0.3 mg ovalbumin (OVA) and 30 mg aluminum hydroxide every other day for 14 days to induce AR. Ten microliters OVA was administered to both nostrils by inhalation for the following seven days to provoke AR. Group 2 represented the AR group and received no treatment. Group 3 was treated as the reference group and received 5 mg/kg desloratadine every day between days 15 and 21. Group 4 received 100 mg/kg naringenin orally between days 15 and 21. All animal’s sneezing and nasal itching scores were recorded on day 22. The rats were then sacrificed. Serum total IgE, IL4 and IL5 values were studied, and nasal structures were extracted ‘en bloc’ for histopathological examination. Significant clinical recovery was achieved in the group treated with naringenin. Serum total IgE, IL4 and IL5 values in the naringenin group were significantly lower than in the AR group, and significant histopathological improvement was observed compared to the AR group. Naringenin produced significant clinical, biochemical and histopathological benefits in rats with induced AR. These effects suggest that naringenin is a promising agent for the treatment of AR.

The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Herbal formulations have recently gained importance as an alternative therapeutic option in controlling diabetes without causing any side effects. In the present study, we have demonstrated maintenance of glycemic homeostasis and anti-adipogenic potential of a herbo-mineral formulation Divya MadhuKalp (DMK). Initially, we evaluated the presence of bioactive compounds in DMK using LC/MS-QToF analysis. In-vitro analysis of DMK in L6 (skeletal muscle) cells showed a significant increase in cellular glucose uptake. Similarly, a human equivalent dose of DMK significantly reduced blood glucose level in normoglycemic and oral glucose tolerance rat model. DMK extract also inhibited formation of advanced glycation end product and showed anti-α-glucosidase activity. Further analysis of DMK in 3T3 L1 pre-adipocytes demonstrated anti-adipogenic activity through reduction in intracellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride contents along with downregulation of major adipogenic transcriptional factors (PPAR-γ and C/EBPα) and, adipocytes marker genes (LPL, AP2 and adiponectin). In conclusion, DMK exhibited anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activities by synergistic effect of its bioactive compounds and can be considered as a potent herbo-mineral formulation for treating metabolic diseases.

Living alongside predators can entail substantial costs both in terms of livelihoods and personal safety. Negative interactions with predators can lead to negative attitudes and behavioural intentions such as retaliatory or pre-emptive killing. As a result, conservation strategies are increasingly adopting human–wildlife coexistence approaches aimed at minimizing the costs associated with living with predators by providing direct or indirect benefits. This is done in the hope that people will foster positive attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators. However, people's attitudes and their behavioural intentions are not necessarily linked, and both need to be understood for conservation actions to be effective. We conducted 747 semi-structured interviews with community members in the Maasai Mara, Kenya, to determine which factors influenced people's attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators and whether the two were linked. Most interviewees (57.52%) had a positive attitude towards predators as measured by their assertion that people, livestock and predators should coexist. Their attitude was dependent on benefits, occupation, conservancy membership and perceived community ownership of predators, but was not influenced by the costs of livestock depredation. Most respondents who were members of a conservancy had positive attitudes towards predators but this differed by conservancy, suggesting that, in addition to benefits, conservation politics could influence attitudes. In total, 10.3% of respondents said that they would kill a predator if it killed their livestock. This behavioural intention was only influenced by the respondent's attitude. Understanding the factors that influence attitudes and behavioural intentions will aid future management and coexistence strategies.

International audience; We study light absorption by a dipolar absorber in a given environment, which can be a nanoantenna or any complex inhomogeneous medium. From rst-principle calculations, we derive an upper bound for the absorption, which decouples the impact of the environment from the one of the absorber. Since it is an intrinsic characteristic of the environment regardless of the absorber, it provides a good figure of merit to compare the ability of different systems to enhance absorption. We show that, in the scalar approximation, the relevant parameter is not the field enhancement but the ratio between the field enhancement and the local density of states. Consequently, a plasmonic structure supporting hot spots is not necessarily the best choice to enhance absorption. We also show that our theoretical results can be applied beyond the scalar approximation and the plane-wave illumination.

GeSn alloys are the most promising direct band gap semiconductors to demonstrate full CMOS-compatible laser integration with a manufacturing from Group-IV materials. Here, we show that room temperature lasing, up to 300 K, can be obtained with GeSn. This is achieved in microdisk resonators fabricated on a GeSn-On-Insulator platform by combining strain engineering with a thick layer of high Sn content GeSn.