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هدف البحث الحالي إلى تعرف أثره برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي وفقًا لبعض استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تحصيل طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات, لتحقيق ذلك الهدف أختار الباحث عينة من (49) طالب, المجموعة التجريبية (24) طالب والمجموعة الضابطة (25) طالب من طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في متوسطة (الأندلس للبنين) للعام الدراسي 2020-2021م, وتم بناء اختباراً للتحصيل مكون من (38) فقرة, وتم التأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية للإختبار, وبعد معالجة البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الإختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين, توصل البحث إلى : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين دُرِسوا على وفق البرنامج التعليمي – التعلمي على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين دُرِسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل. بعد تفسير النتائج توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات ووضع توصيات عدة وأقترح مقترحات صالحة للبحث والتجريب.

The research deals with finding the relationship between the purpose as the cause in the Analogy, which the advanced fundamentalists talked about and which is the subject of a difference between them, and Sharia Purpose, and the reasoning in the terminology of the fundamentalists with two meanings; The first requires the explanation of the rulings of God Almighty, and the second is the reasoning that is intended for it in the sections on Analogy, and the fundamentalists’ statements about wisdom in the sections on Analogy. In the issue of the purpose as the cause, there are three sayings for which reasoning is forbidden, and among them are those who are absolutely permitted, and among them are those who restrict them to discipline. The locus of the relationship between the purpose as the cause and the intent lies in the fundamentalists’ words about wisdom that is synonymous with the intent, and the type of intent that the scholars intended in the issue of making wisdom the description of entrusting the ruling with it.

Artistic activities are considered one of the most prominent types of visual arts through which artistic expression is practiced, whether it is intellectual expression or the expression of feelings and feelings. From an emotional and psychological point of view, psychological researchers have also been interested in the field of adolescent arts, for what it contains of psychological facts and indications that reflect their motives, struggles and hidden desires in an unconscious and transcendent manner. Which artistic activities carry for their direct impact on adolescent students and know the impact of these activities on academic achievement through a scale built by the researcher for this purpose. This study found the following: 1) There are differences in the motivation for academic achievement and in favor of the post-test. 2) Technical activities can develop the motivation for academic achievement and make positive change in this field, and this is confirmed by the current study through its findings.

Background: Patients on Polypharmacy due to a chronic illness are at a higher risk of developing some form of negative psychological outcome as a result of their disease. This study aims to determine the impact of Polypharmacy on the Psychological aspect of patients living with a chronic disease. Method: A case-control study conducted among patients in an outpatient clinic of an Internist (July 1st to September 1st, of 2021) in the city of Erbil, Iraq. Data was extracted from a self-assessed questioner amongst 200 patients divided into a Polypharmacy (case group) and non-Polypharmacy group (Control group). Polypharmacy, being defined as the use of five or more medication. A ‘Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’ (HADS) was used to determine the presence of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Results: A totally of 200 patients were included in the study. Of these 100 participants were from the non-polypharmacy group while the remaining 100 were from the polypharmacy group. Of these, depression among non-polypharmacy group (control) participants were 11% while 76% were found to be non-cases of depression. Compared to that, 31% of the polypharmacy group had depression while 51% were non-cases for depression. Also. the prevalence of depression and anxiety was increasing with an increase in number of medications taken by the patients. Depression was present in 11% of patients who took 4 or less medications while the prevalence increased to 21.1%, 34.9% and 42.1% in patients who took five, six to eight, and more than nine medications, respectively Conclusion: There is a significant link between polypharmacy and psychological distress in patients with chronic diseases with a focus on depression and anxiety. Healthcare providers can help in detecting polypharmacy and in providing recommendations for simplifying medication regimes and reducing the outcomes of chronic diseases.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the impact of a major public health emergency on mental health. Objective: To assess psychological impact among university students and train them to raise mental health awareness among their peers during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was carried out over the period of July to September 2020. Study participants were medical and paramedical university students representing students’ union alliance of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI). Non-probability sampling method was used for recruiting the study participants. Key mental health outcomes investigated two weeks prior to the survey were posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and perceived stress. Based on the preliminary analysis of the online questionnaires. A PhD qualified psychiatrist was assigned to develop the online psychosocial support to the volunteers’ students (N=60) to become facilitators for raising mental awareness among peers and train them how to handle stress. Results: Of the 115 students, 42.6% experienced moderate to severe depression, 21.7% were afflicted with moderate to severe anxiety and 62.7% suffered from sub-threshold to severe insomnia. Perceived Stress Scale analysis showed moderate levels of stress among the study participants. A significant difference was detected between pre and posttest mean scores of the PSS (P=0.001) eight weeks after the training program for psychological support. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that young people suffered of more than one psychological problems and highlighted the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address mental health of college students.

BACKGROUND: Digital stories are short videos that use narrative structures to address health outcomes from a personal perspective. AIM: The main objective of this study was to train university students to design a video-based health education program for promoting peer-to-peer education and community awareness. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted as a project for medical students, enrolled in the implementation of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI), executed in response to the Government of Egypt- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Country Program of Cooperation for 2016 - 2018. A four-day train-the-trainer workshop established for capacity building on DST and video communication. RESULTS: Between June 2017 and May 2018, 120 eligible students were enrolled, among whom median age was 21 years and 67 (55%) were female. Pre- and posttests detected increased percent change of students’ knowledge regarding different health issues. Open-ended questions highlighted pros and cons of the program, the most important skills and knowledge gained, suggestions and recommendations mentioned by the students to maximize the use of this type of workshops in the framework of strengthening and activating the initiative outcome. The trainer created a grading rubric to evaluate student’s video projects. CONCLUSION: The digital story is a lay method to capture meaningful, impactful stories that can be used to advocate for public health concerns and crises. The study highlights the need for high-quality research on the impact of DST in health professionals’ education and behaviors.

تمثل الدولة العميقة أو ما تٌعرف بالدولة المتجذرة كياناً متخفياً في جسم الدولة الوطنية لا يألوا جهداً أو يدّخر وسعاً في التحكم بالقرارات المصيرية التي تمس بالصميم حاضر ومستقبل الأمة ،وهذه الدولة غالباً ما تتألف من أجهزة وإدارات غير منتخبة تعمل بدأب تحت الطاولة وخلف الكواليس بعيداً عن الأنظار حتى يمكن تشبيهها بالأخطبوط الذي له اذرع متعددة تنتشر في أغلب مفاصل ومؤسسات الدولة الرسمية ولاسيما الحيوية منها على وجه الخصوص . ويعمل جنود ورجالات الدولة العميقة حثيثاً على تعزيز مصالحهم الخاصة في المقام الأول ومن ثم محاربة توجهات معارضيهم ثانياً حتى يكون باستطاعتهم من بلوغ أهدافهم بكل يسر وسهولة وبدون عراقيل تُذكر في هذا المجال ، وغالباّ ما تمتلك هذه الدولة من الوسائل ما يجعلها من إنفاذ مخططاتها وتحقيق أهدافها بسلاسة وتتمثل هذه الوسائل بالمال والسلاح. إن هذه الدولة من حيث بعدها البنيوي تعد تنظيماً غير رسمي له مصالحه وامتداده الواسعة والعريضة في الداخل والخارج على حد سواء، وله عدة أقنعة واًوجه منها ما هو خفيّ ومستتر ومنها ما هو معلن وصريح ، يأخذ على عاتقه تحريك الجهات والأطراف المحسوبة عليه في مؤسسات الدولة الوطنية لتنفيذ المخططات المرسومة له ، ولا يتردد أنصار هذه الدولة وأتباعها من اللجوء الى العنف ضد خصومهم إذا اقتضت الضرورة لذلك ، الأمر الذي يهدد السلم المجتمعي ويجعله على شفير الهاوية . إن ضرب الأمن والاستقرار وتفتيت النسيج الوطني تعد من أولويات أهداف هذه الدولة التي تحاول بكل ما تستطيع من أن تعمل على تحويل الأمة الى كيانات ضعيفة هزيلة ليست لها القدرة على المقاومة ضد الاخطار المحدقة بها

Este artigo discute, sob a perspectiva de análise da criminologia cultural, os episódios que envolveram posse de armas de fogo e postagens em redes sociais durante o primeiro turno de votação, nas eleições brasileiras de 2018. A hipótese central do artigo consiste em uma reflexão com base na ideia de vontade de representação, que problematiza o significado por trás da transgressão como performance excitante, mediante a qual o sujeito afirma publicamente sua masculinidade embrutecida, com o fim de se empoderar perante a subcultura a que pertence, e intimidar potenciais audiências tidas como inimigas, no âmbito da sociedade do espetáculo, e no contexto histórico da modernidade tardia e crise da democracia.

This study examines street-level bureaucrats’ discretion as it informs their enforcement style during personal encounters with clients and considers how that style defines bureaucrats’ perceptions of their clients. A conceptual model is developed based on street-level bureaucracy theory and existing implementation literature and is tested using field data collected from a sample of 241 labor inspectors in the Malaysian Department of Labor. Structural Equation Modelling results show that discretion was positively related to client meaningfulness, and the relationship between discretion and client meaningfulness was significantly mediated by the accommodation and facilitation dimensions of enforcement style. The findings are significant as they illuminate street-level bureaucrats’ behavior and perceptions during encounters with clients and confirm that enforcement style is a three-dimensional concept. Moreover, this research argues that the perceptions of bureaucrats toward their clients redefines their behavior during the policy enforcement process and ultimately shapes their encounters with the public. Furthermore, theory and practical implications derived from the findings are discussed.

The research includes words about the importance of measuring in the ruling of Al-Naazila (accident), the importance of purposes of Sharia in making the ruling of Al-Naazla. Which proved that there is a relation between the measurement and purposes of Al-Sharia, and recruiting this relation to access the correct judgment. To be the purposes are derived from the paths of reason in measurement or were perfected. To prevent unlimited updates in all sections of Islamic jurisprudence and of these updates is the procedure section. For example, Hzm’s currency appeared recently whom many Muslims dealt with, especially people of Anbar and the effect of measurement related to the purposes of Sharia to produce its judgment.

DOI: 10.1590/2179-8966/2022/65582ResumoO presente artigo discute o controle racial militarizado, com foco direcionado para as dinâmicas subculturais de significado que facilitam a atuação policial propensa à violação de direitos humanos. O texto utiliza uma pesquisa bibliográfica e emprega a metodologia triádica da Criminologia Cultural e a literatura crítica da intelectualidade negra contemporânea para enfrentar a atuação policial militar racista em três níveis de análise: micro, meso e macro, contemplando o primeiro plano existencial e fenomenológico do crime, as dinâmicas subculturais de negociação de status e a sua inserção em estruturas de maior escopo, como a permanência do poder colonial que visa o domínio e o controle racial, a insegurança ontológica na modernidade tardia e a realidade racista brasileira. Ao final da análise, foi possível concluir que, mediante performances encenadas para si próprios e para terceiros, os policiais militares engajados em práticas racistas de violação de direitos humanos reconstroem a própria imagem em termos de autoestima e pertencimento ao grupo, de forma que um processo de formação e identificação que em si mesmo é violador de direitos humanos contribui decisivamente para que os integrantes da subcultura policial militar(izada) naturalizem e se tornem propensos a encenar práticas racistas de violação de direitos humanos, por meio das quais eles adquirem uma série de recompensas subjetivas que conferem propósito e significado às suas vidas.Palavras-Chave: Polícia Militar; Racismo; Direitos Humanos; Criminologia Cultural. AbstractThis article discusses militarized racial control, with a focus on the subcultural dynamics of meaning that facilitate police action prone to human rights violations. The text uses a bibliographical research and employs the triadic methodology of Cultural Criminology and the critical literature of contemporary black intelligentsia to face racist military police action at three levels of analysis: micro, meso and macro, contemplating the existential and phenomenological foreground of crime, the subcultural dynamics of status negotiation and structures of greater scope, such as the permanence of colonial power aimed at racial domination and control, ontological insecurity in late modernity and the Brazilian racist reality. At the end of the analysis, it was possible to conclude that, through performances staged for themselves and for third parties, military police officers engaged in racist practices of violation of human rights rebuild their own image in terms of self-esteem and belonging to the group, so that a process of formation and identification, which in itself violates human rights, contributes decisively to members of the militarized police subculture becoming prone to staging racist practices that violate human rights, through which they acquire a series of subjective rewards that give purpose and meaning to their lives.Keywords: Military Police; Racism; Human Rights; Cultural Criminology

Abstract A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06–42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15–3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06–1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03–3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC50 range of 0.231 ± 0.01–7.592 ± 0.40 µM and 0.323 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 2b, 2c, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5h, and 5i on the active site of DNA gyrase (PDB: 2XCT) confirmed their ability to form stable complex with the target enzyme like that of ciprofloxacin. Graphical abstract

Background: Burn is bodily injury resulting from exposure to heat, electricity, or some radiations, marked by varying degrees of skin destruction and hyper anemia often with the formation of watery blisters Aim of study: to assess Nurses' Knowledge, Practice and, Attitude, Regarding Burn Injury Management. Subjects and methods: Descriptive study. The study was conducted at three hospitals (Beni-Suef general hospital, Minia general hospital and, Minia university hospital)first and second hospital affiliated to ministry of health, the third one affiliated to ministry of higher education. Forty nurses where included in the current study sample. Three tools of data collection were used to carry out this study namely, tool 1): Structured Self-Administered Questionnaire that include two parts; part 1): demographic characteristics, and part 2): nurse's knowledge, Tool П-: Nurses’ observational checklists procedure, and Tool IП: Structured nurse's attitude scales. Results: majority of the studied nurses (82.5%) had unsatisfactory knowledge, and, (100%) had unsatisfactory practices and negative attitude regarding burn injury management. Conclusion and recommendations: Most of nurses had shortage knowledge level, poor practice and, negative attitude due to lack of educational program, lack of training and, no update to nurse's performances so, the current study recommended that importance of Provide continuous education and update for nurses regarding evidence based nursing practices about burn patients and, provide sufficient supplies and equipment from hospital administration for nurses to perform their practice in a high quality, safe and in efficient way

AIM: This was a prospective double-blinded randomized comparative study. Several authors have reported the efficacy of platelets derivatives for spinal union. However, the use of PRP and PRF for bone fusion with TLIF has not been fully explored. METHODS: Standard open TLIF surgery was performed on 80 patients, randomized in three groups, TLIF and local bone were used in 40 patients (control group) and TLIF, local bone, and PRP were used in 20 patients (PRP group) and PRF was used in 20 patients (PRF group). Radiological parameters were assessed by X-ray after 3 months post-operative to evaluate the position of the screws and cage migration and by CT scans at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Patients, surgeons, and post-surgical analysis were blinded. RESULTS: VAS scores for lower back pain and leg pain were statistically significant between the three groups preoperatively. The VAS scores of back pain improved after 12 months and were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the VAS score of leg pain improved compared with preoperatively in the three groups during the 6- and 12-month follow-up postoperatively, however, the three groups, VAS scores for leg pain were not significantly different. After 1-year follow-up, significantly more patients achieved definite fusion, when implanted platelets derivatives compared with the control group, but with no significance regarding fusion rates. CONCLUSION: We advocated using platelet derivative as a fusion enhancer modality which is cost and time saving. It appears to be a complementary step that ensures better outcome for the patients.

Early diagnosis is considered important for medical images of breast cancer, the rate of recovery and safety of affected women can be improved. It is also assisting doctors in their daily work by creating algorithms and software to analyze the medical images that can identify early signs of breast cancer. This review presents a comparison has been done in term of accuracy among many techniques used for detecting breast cancer in medical images. Furthermore, this work describes the imaging process, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the used techniques for mammography and ultrasound medical images. K-means clustering algorithm has been specifically used to analyze the medical image along with other techniques. The results of the K-means clustering algorithm are discussed and evaluated to show the capacity of this technique in the diagnosis of breast cancer and its reliability to identify a malignant from a benign tumor.

Low cost activated carbon was produced from available consumed black tea with microwavetechnique and employed as an effective adsorbent for removal of benzene (Bz) and toluene (T) fromwater. The resulted activated carbon was characterized by utilizing dye (methylene blue (MB) andmethyl violet (MV)) adsorption procedures and several techniques such as Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Rays diffraction (XRD). Commercial activatedcarbon and filter sand as individual and blend samples were also subjected to adsorption of MB, MV,Bz, and T. All obtained results were tabulated and discussed after qualitative and quantitativedeterminations by applying ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) for MB and MV dyes, and gaschromatography (GC) instrumentations for Bz and T.