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Abstract Introduction: Histamine is an endogenous ligand which exerts its biological actions by binding to 4 subtypes of histamine receptors (HR). Its effects on the gastrointestinal tract are complex being the dominant effect contraction of muscle cells. Method: The aim of this study was to verify the antagonistic effect of mepyramine (10-10M - 10-7M) and tubocurarine (10-7M - 10-4M) in the contractile action of histamine (10-11M - 10-4M). in guinea pig ileum, for this purpose it was used the program Virtual Organ Bath 16 V 2.8, which allow quantify the change in strength(g) produced by smooth muscle contraction in the presence of these substances. Concentration-response curves were obtained through GraphPad Prism® graphic program. The determination of the competitive nature of the antagonist and the calculation of the affinity constant was performed through Schild method. Results: Mepyramine is a competitive antagonist of histamine (10-10M to 10-7M), making it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. On the other hand, it is not understood that tubocurarine is an antagonist of histamine receptors. Conclusions: The results obtained provide evidence that the contractile effect of histamine on the smooth muscle of intestinal cells isolated from guinea pig is competitively antagonized by mepyramine. In addition, by calculating the pKB parameter, it was found that this compound has greater potency than other antihistamines.

The objective of the present research was to characterize the mathematical reasoning skills in children with ADHD between 7 and 9 years old. The study begins with the conception of children with special needs and an anthropological research is carried out in perspectives of the actor on mathematical reasoning skills and interviews of their three teachers about their difficulties, alterations and disorders. The research method is an ethnographic fieldwork. The results show lack of mathematical skills specifically in numerical calculation; observing disorder, combination of simultaneous operation between addition and subtraction, attention deficit during the reading of a problem so they fail to systematize, identify data for algorithmic operations.

Mind maps are usually employed by teachers from all the educational levels as powerful learning strategies. This use enables important pedagogic achievements, but they do not exceed their maximum level, due to the dogmatic use of Tony Buzan's mind map (1996). Situation that would be different if it were entirely internalized, understand and applied. Precisely for that reason, the triarchic theory of intelligence developed by Rober Sternberg (1985) allows students to make decisions in several difficult situations with the suitable use of techniques and orientations in the development of the same intelligence. The research was developed by means of the case study from the qualitative focus, in which through the analysis of the evidences found and the use of an instrument that measured the successful intelligence, its development could be confirmed. However, the empiric analysis was not enough for validating the aforementioned development. For that reason, direct observation was chosen during learning sessions accomplished by the teacher responsible for the strategy to be used, and embodied in the field notebook. Likewise, in-depth interviews were conducted by educational psychologists. It should be noted that the analyzed documents have allowed developing the triangulation not only of evidences but also of methodologies, among them the documentary analysis, in order to reach conclusions that demonstrate how the development of the successful intelligence has been achieved. Finally, it is demonstrated than the use of the techniques of the mind maps with an educational strategy adapted to the applied group, achieves the significant development of the abilities of the analytical, creative and practical intelligence.

Rickettsioses, often underreported, pose public health challenges. Rickettsia asembonensis is a potential emerging pathogen that was previously detected in humans, animals, and a variety of arthropods. While its pathogenicity in humans remains unclear, it poses a potential public health threat. Here, we present an extended epidemiological, diagnostic, and genetic analysis of the information provided in a preliminary report on the investigation of rickettsiae in Peru. In particular, we report the detection of R. asembonensis in blood specimens collected from four human patients with an acute undifferentiated fever of a seven- to nine-day duration, all of whom tested negative for other vector-borne pathogens. Additionally, we describe the replicative capacity of the R. asembonensis isolates in cell cultures.

Disease severity and drought due to climate change present significant challenges to orchard productivity. This study examines the effects of spring inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) on sweet cherry plants, cvs. Bing and Santina with varying defense responses, assessing plant growth, physiological variables (water potential, gas exchange, and plant hydraulic conductance), and the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) under two summer irrigation levels. Pss inoculation elicited a more pronounced response in ‘Santina’ compared to ‘Bing’ at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), and those plants inoculated with Pss exhibited a slower leaf growth and reduced transpiration compared to control plants during 60 dpi. During differential irrigations, leaf area was reduced 14% and 44% in Pss inoculated plants of ‘Bing’ and ‘Santina’ respectively, under well-watered (WW) conditions, without changes in plant water status or gas exchange. Conversely, water-deficit (WD) conditions led to gas exchange limitations and a 43% decrease in plant biomass compared to that under WW conditions, with no differences between inoculation treatments. ABA levels were lower under WW than under WD at 90 dpi, while SA levels were significantly higher in Pss-inoculated plants under WW conditions. These findings underscore the influence on plant growth during summer in sweet cherry cultivars that showed a differential response to Pss inoculations and how the relationship between ABA and SA changes in plant drought level responses.

IntroductionHypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inborn metabolic error caused by mutations in the ALPL gene encoding tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and leading to decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Although the main characteristic of this disease is bone involvement, it presents a great genetic and clinical variability, which makes it a systemic disease.MethodsPatients were recruited based on biochemical assessments. Diagnosis was made by measuring serum ALP and pyridoxal 5-phosphate levels and finally by Sanger sequencing of the ALPL gene from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Characterization of the new variants was performed by transfection of the variants into HEK293T cells, where ALP activity and cellular localization were measured by flow cytometry. The dominant negative effect was analyzed by co-transfection of each variant with the wild-type gene, measuring ALP activity and analyzing cellular localization by flow cytometry.ResultsTwo previously undescribed variants were found in the ALPL gene: leucine 6 to serine missense mutation (c.17T>C, L6S) affecting the signal peptide and threonine 167 deletion (c.498_500delCAC, T167del) affecting the vicinity of the active site. These mutations lead mainly to non-pathognomonic symptoms of HPP. Structural prediction and modeling tools indicated the affected residues as critical residues with important roles in protein structure and function. In vitro results demonstrated low TNSALP activity and a dominant negative effect in both mutations. The results of the characterization of these variants suggest that the pleiotropic role of TNSALP could be involved in the systemic effects observed in these patients highlighting digestive and autoimmune disorders associated with TNSALP dysfunction.ConclusionsThe two new mutations have been classified as pathogenic. At the clinical level, this study suggests that both mutations not only lead to pathognomonic symptoms of the disease, but may also play a role at the systemic level.

Conclusions: Disinfection of TBs with CHX, WV, and MWs produces a significant effective reduction in the count of Ef.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on family relationships, as several families have lost family members due to COVID-19 pandemic and become physically and emotionally estranged due to lockdown measures and critically economic periods. Our study contrasted two hypotheses: (1) family functioning changed notably before and after the COVID-19 pandemic initiation in terms of cohesion, flexibility, communication and satisfaction; (2) balanced families have a greater capacity to strictly comply with quarantine (i.e., social confinement), compared to unbalanced families. We performed an observational study comparing family functioning between two independent groups, evaluated before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. A total of 7,980 participants were included in the study. For the first hypothesis, we found that, during the pandemic, families became more balanced in terms of cohesion (adjusted before-during mean difference or β1 = 1.4; 95% CI [1.0–1.7]) and flexibility (β2 = 2.0; 95% CI [1.6–2.4]), and families were less disengaged (β3 = −1.9; 95% CI [−2.3 to −1.5]) and chaotic (β4 = −2.9; 95% CI [−3.3 to −2.4]). Regarding the second hypothesis, we confirmed that families with balanced cohesion (adjusted prevalence ratio or aPR = 1.16; 95% CI [1.12–1.19) and flexibility (aPR = 1.23; 95% CI [1.18–1.27]) allowed greater compliance with quarantine restrictions; while disengaged (aPR = 0.91; 95% CI [0.88–0.93]) and chaotic families (aPR = 0.89; 95% CI [0.87–0.92]) were more likely to partially comply or not comply with the quarantine. Finally, family communication (aPR = 1.17; 95% CI [1.11–1.24]) and satisfaction (aPR = 1.18; 95% CI [1.11–1.25]) also played a role in favouring quarantine compliance. This new evidence enlightens the family systems theory while informing future interventions for improving compliance with quarantine measures in the context of social confinement.

Variadas canciones y «bailes de la tierra» aparecen mencionados en el teatro colonial limeño desde el siglo XVIII como representación de lo indígena en tonadillas y loas, pero en el siglo siguiente se generalizó su empleo como representantes sonoros de diferentes concepciones de lo nacional. ¿Cómo sucedió este trasvase de contenidos y en qué contextos se dio este fenómeno? La llegada de la zarzuela española con su amplio vocabulario musical enraizado en la música rural y urbana estimuló el desarrollo del teatro lírico peruano que, en un ejercicio de equivalencia, recurrió al empleo de los géneros musicales de las localías en la producción escénica. En algunas obras estas canciones y danzas se usaron para encarnar lo peruano en un discurso unitario; en otras, aparecieron como símbolo sonoro de un pasado exótico y finalmente se recurrió a ellas como representación de diversos grupos étnicos y sociales en el entramado de la ciudad capital. El presente trabajo propone un estudio de géneros como el yaraví, la zamacueca y el huayno que aparecen en obras líricas de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX estrenadas en Lima como La zarzuela en la capital del Perú (1857), Placeres y Dolores (1867), ¡Pobre Indio! (1868), Atahualpa (1877) y Lima (1891).

BackgroundThe prognostic value of right ventricular systolic dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery is unknown. Here, we aim to evaluate whether presence of preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction in this surgical cohort is independently associated with higher incidence of postoperative major adverse cardiac events and all-cause in-hospital mortality.MethodsThis is a single-centered retrospective study. Patients identified as American Society Anesthesiology Classification III and IV who had a preoperative echocardiogram within 1 year of undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery between January 2010 and May 2017 were included in the study. Incidence of postoperative major cardiac adverse events and all-cause in-hospital mortality were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in a step-wise manner to identify independent association between preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction with outcomes of interest.ResultsPreexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction was not associated with postoperative major adverse cardiac events (P = 0.26). However, there was a strong association between preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction and all-cause in-hospital mortality (P = 0.00094). After multivariate analysis, preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction continued to be an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital mortality with an odds ratio of 18.9 (95' CI: 1.8-201.7; P = 0.015).ConclusionIn this retrospective study of high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery, preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction was found to have a strong association with all-cause in-hospital mortality.

BackgroundThe prognostic value of right ventricular systolic dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery is unknown. Here, we aim to evaluate whether presence of preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction in this surgical cohort is independently associated with higher incidence of postoperative major adverse cardiac events and all-cause in-hospital mortality.MethodsThis is a single-centered retrospective study. Patients identified as American Society Anesthesiology Classification III and IV who had a preoperative echocardiogram within 1 year of undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery between January 2010 and May 2017 were included in the study. Incidence of postoperative major cardiac adverse events and all-cause in-hospital mortality were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in a step-wise manner to identify independent association between preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction with outcomes of interest.ResultsPreexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction was not associated with postoperative major adverse cardiac events (P = 0.26). However, there was a strong association between preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction and all-cause in-hospital mortality (P = 0.00094). After multivariate analysis, preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction continued to be an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital mortality with an odds ratio of 18.9 (95' CI: 1.8-201.7; P = 0.015).ConclusionIn this retrospective study of high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery, preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction was found to have a strong association with all-cause in-hospital mortality.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la relación existente entre las representaciones del apego y de la autoestima, en estudiantes de secundaria de la Unidad Educativa Adventista de Bolivia. El método se suscribe en un paradigma positivista con un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. La técnica fue la encuesta con el cuestionario como instrumento, aplicado a una población de 283 estudiantes con una muestra de 139. Los teóricos principales consultados fueron Montalvo (2019) Calderón (2018) Mendieta (2021) y López (2006) entre otros. Respecto al análisis de la relación entre las variables de estudio, el apego y la autoestima, se pudo observar que no existe correlación significativa, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis planteada en la investigación. No obstante, a nivel de dimensiones si existen varias relaciones significativas, como la de seguridad de apego y la de autoestima, con una relación directa con la escuela, la familia y la sociedad.

Environmental Education is the process responsible for training individuals to care about nature and with the sustainable development of future generations. That said, school has an important role in promoting environmental awareness in students. Thus, this qualitative work used the method of bibliographic research and Bardin's Content Analysis to evaluate seven of the twelve books listed in the PNLD 2020 in relation to the themes of Environmental Education addressed in the ninth year of Elementary School. The analysis of Science books showed that the content of Environmental Education is presented in a fragmented and often incipient way. Based on the data obtained, it is discussed that the theme should be treated as a transversal theme organized didactically integrating different subjects, with a greater focus on a practical approach to Environmental Education.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la producción académica relacionada con las experiencias de la población trans en el campo de la educación física en Uruguay, Brasil y Argentina. Hicimos revisión sistemática, dividiendo los documentos encontrados por áreas de conocimiento y agrupándolos en las distintas materialidades relacionadas con la educación física. Dos temas destacaron en los 7 productos encontrados: la actividad física y el deporte, y la educación física como componente curricular. Concluimos que el tema es bastante limitado en todos los países, siendo mayoritariamente discutido en Argentina, seguido de Brasil y Uruguay. Identificamos que discutir críticamente las experiencias de la población trans en relación con el cuerpo, su participación en el deporte y la formación del profesorado es una oportunidad para deconstruir las lógicas hegemónicas y binarias que circulan desde este ámbito a la sociedad.

Se conoce poco de las prácticas musicales litúrgicas de las catedrales sudamericanas después de consolidada la independencia. En algunas ciudades, se llevó a cabo una singular adaptación de repertorios extra religiosos especialmente para actividades paralitúrgicas que permitían el uso de géneros musicales provenientes de espacios profanos y cuyos textos se escribían en lengua vernácula. Este artículo emplea la identificación de tópicos musícales en canciones escritas en lengua romance compuestas por Pedro Ximénez (1784-1856) presumiblemente para la catedral de Sucre, Bolivia, entre 1833 y 1856 para demostrar cómo se empleaban recursos sonoros provenientes del teatro y del salón en canciones de alabanza y exaltación por un lado; y lamentación y arrepentimiento por el otro, para el uso religioso. palabras clave: tópicos musicales, Pedro Ximénez Abrill, música sacra del siglo XIX, música religiosa no litúrgica, música en Sudaménca The liturgical music practices of South American cathedrals after the consolidation of independence remain unknown. In some cities, extrareligious repertoires were adapted, especially for paraliturgical activities that allowed the use of musical genres from secular spaces and whose texts were written in the vernacular. This article uses the identification of musical topics in songs written in the Romance language composed by Pedro Ximénez (1784-1856). presumably for the cathedral of Sucre, Bolivia, between 1833 and 1856. to demonstrate how sound resources from the theater and living room were used in songs of praise and exaltation on the one hand and lamentation and repentance on the other. keywords: musical topics, Pedro Ximénez Abrill, sacred music of the nineteenth century, nonliturgical religious music, music in South America, Introducción La música religiosa en las catedrales sudamericanas En la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, en las catedrales y templos del mundo hispánico se inició una campaña para erradicar del [...]

El murciélago cara de perro del Mato Grosso (Neoplatymops mattogrossensis), tiene hábitos muy pobremente conocidos. Presentamos datos sobre su historia natural (estructura poblacional, temperatura y humedad relativa en el interior y exterior de los refugios, dieta en base al análisis de muestras fecales) obtenidos en refugios de los predios de la Reserva Privada de Patrimonio Natural San Sebastián. Los refugios encontrados estuvieron habitados entre 1-10 individuos y en más del 70% de los refugios existe un solo macho adulto escrotal. Las temperaturas dentro de los refugios tienden a ser más estables que en el exterior, pero no así la humedad relativa. La dieta, esta está compuesta por Insecta, Arachnida, con los coleópteros como los más frecuentes seguido por Lepidoptera y Hemiptera.