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Impacted lower third molar surgical removal is one of the most commonly performed procedures, but it is associated with complications which are said to affect the quality of life of patients. It is, therefore, essential for the oral maxillofacial surgeon to have an adequate knowledge on the complications and the different scientific modalities available to alleviate them to reduce the morbidity associated with the procedure. This review is aimed at discussing the various complications causing morbidity and sometimes rarely, mortality following the surgical removal of mandibular impacted teeth and the various strategies and measures available to minimize these complications at various levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healing in tissues is a complex process which demands cellular organization mediated by a variety of signaling proteins and extracellular matrix for tissue repair. The understanding of this healing process at the microcellular level is incomplete. It is a well-proven fact that platelets have a significant role to play in wound healing. This review is a sincere effort to highlight the role of platelet-derived growth factors, the platelet concentrates and its various applications in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) based electrodes for energy storage devices have captured sizeable attention in the past decade owing to their attractive physiochemical features. In the present work, flaky structured V2O5 was prepared using a single step hydrothermal route. The results from analytical investigations hold up well with the formation scheme proposed. The flaky morphology of V2O5 facilitates additional pathways for electron transport and effective ion access. When employed as a supercapacitor electrode in a neutral electrolyte, this flaky V2O5 electrode demonstrates a specific capacitance of 472 F g−1. Besides, it retains maximum capacitance at higher current density confirming its good rate performance. An asymmetric type supercapacitor using flaky V2O5 as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode exhibits specific capacitance of 69 F g−1. This device shows energy density of 10 W h kg−1 within the operational window of 1 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4) microspheres are prepared at three different hydrothermal process temperatures (100 °C, 130 °C, and 160 °C) assisted with urea. XRD studies reveal the spinel face-centered cubic (Fd3m) structure of ZnCo2O4 microspheres. The optical and vibrational properties of the product are characterized by photoluminescence and FTIR studies. The strong near-band edge emission peak observed at 392 nm corresponds to the direct recombination of the exciton-exciton collision process for all three synthesized products; SEM analysis reveals the complete growth stage of spherical ZnCo2O4 microspheres at three different temperatures. The electrochemical properties of synthesized ZnCo2O4 microspheres are analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, electroimpedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charging and discharging studies. ZnCo2O4 microspheres (SH3-160 °C) exhibit the superior specific capacitance of 500 F/g at 0.75 A/g current density and retain their specific capacitance of 80% at current density 2 A/g. ZnCo2O4 microspheres (SH3-160 °C) may be considered as a good candidate as electrode in supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiO/NiSnO3 nanocomposite synthesis was accomplished by a hydrothermal method. The role of polyvinylpyrrolidone and experimental parameters in the configuration of NiO/NiSnO3 nanocomposite was studied by employing standard characterization techniques. Electrochemical properties were demonstrated by adopting cyclic voltammetry, electro-impedance spectra and galvanostatic charging and discharging studies. All the obtained products have contact resistance Rct of 0.72 Ω at low frequency arising from the resistance between the working electrode and the electrolyte. The NiO/NiSnO3 nanocomposite superior properties may arise from nanosized rod morphology due to their inherent properties having a significant impact on their electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance for RSA3 can be estimated as 524 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In composite beams, shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. The shear connectors also prevent relative displacement of concrete and steel elements at their interface and ensure composite action of the beam. Presently, the stud is the most widely used shear connector in composite constructions. However, the rebar can be used as a shear connector according to various international codes considering the fact that it can be fabricated to the required shape along with the reinforcement cage in the slab. This paper presents an experimental study of the behaviour of rebar shear connectors embedded in composite beam under monotonic load. Two different (8mm and 10mm) diameter rebar connectors of four different forms such as open link, closed stirrups, circular and rectangular spiral were used as shear connectors. Modified push-out tests were conducted to assess the ultimate strength, elastic stiffness, load-slip characteristics and failure pattern of the rebar shear connectors and the same are compared with conventional stud shear connectors. Rebar shear connector with circular spiral shows higher ultimate strength and superior ductile behaviour compared to conventional stud shear connector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accomplish superior performance in supercapacitors, a fresh class of electrode materials with advantageous structures is essential. Owing to its rich electrochemical activity, vanadium oxides are considered to be an attractive electrode material for energy storing devices. In this work, vanadium pentoxide (V2O nanostructures were prepared using surfactant (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal route. Stacked V2O5 sheets enable additional channels for electrolyte ion intercalation. These stacked V2O5 nanosheets show highest specific capacitance of 466Fg at 0.5Ag. In addition, it exhibits good rate capacity, lower value of charge transfer resistance and good stability when used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Further, an asymmetric supercapacitor device was assembled utilizing the stacked V2O5 sheets and activated carbon as electrodes. The electrochemical features of the device are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript presents structural, optical and magnetic properties of CuFeO nanoparticles obtained employing a simple co-precipitation method in aqueous solution. Influence of ferric chloride concentration on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of CuFeO nanoparticles was investigated. XRD results clearly revealed the spinel tetragonal copper ferrite structures. The observed characteristic Raman E, F and A phonon mode of vibrations revealed the tetragonal copper ferrite structures. The observed PL results explored inverse spinel copper ferrite emission peaks in the range of visible region. IR result revealed the metal oxygen intrinsic vibrations of octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the spinel copper ferrite structure. SEM analysis clearly revealed the spherical shape morphology particles sizes are in the nano scale range. VSM studies clearly revealed that copper ferrite exhibit weak ferromagnetic behaviour. It was found that the ferric chloride concentration added to copper chloride precursor in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 during the synthesis process played a significant role in structural and magnetic properties of the obtained product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional (3D) floral-shaped V2O5was directly grown on Ni foam backbones by a straightforward and additive free hydrothermal approach. The as-synthesised material can be directly investigated as electrodes for supercapacitors without inclusion of other additives, such as polymer binder and carbon black. These elegant structural features endow this material with superior electrochemical features, such as high capacitance (601 Fg−1), superior withstanding capacity at higher rates (373 Fg−1at 5 Ag−1) and better cyclic stability. Most importantly, the symmetric supercapacitor using 3D-V2O5at Ni foam electrode exhibits specific capacitance of 142 Fg−1with energy density of 29 WhKg−1. Thirty light-emitting diodes were illuminated using three (connected in series) 3D-VN symmetric supercapacitors. Such impressive morphology and electrochemical richness of this material encourages its usefulness as supercapacitor electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nanocolloidal polypyrrole ( PPy):poly(styrene sulfonate) ( PSS) particles were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using 15 wt% of PSS. The highly processable polymer composite ( PPy: PSS) was spin-coated at 4000 rpm on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass and subsequently employed as a counter electrode ( CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells ( DSCs). PPy: PSS multilayer (one, three, five) CEs were treated with CuBr2 salt, which enhances the efficiency of the DSCs. Optical studies reveal that a bulkier counterion hinders interchain interactions of PPy which on salt treatment shows a moderate redshift in absorption maxima. Salt-treated PPy: PSS films exhibit lower charge transfer resistance, higher surface roughness and better catalytic performance for the reduction of I3−, when compared with untreated films. The improved catalytic performance of salt-treated PPy: PSS multilayer films is attributed to charge screening and conformational change of PPy, along with the removal of excess PSS. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, salt treatment is shown to boost the efficiency of multilayer PPy: PSS composite film-based DSCs, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency of 6.18, 6.33 and 6.37% for one, three and five layers, respectively. These values are significantly higher ( ca 50%) than those for corresponding devices without CuBr2 salt treatment (3.48, 2.90 and 2.01%, respectively). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Binder-free Star-like 3D-Co 3 O 4 /Ni forest positive electrode was synthesized via hydrothermal process. • Star-like 3D-Co 3 O 4 /Ni electrode exhibits high areal capacity of 143.28 mC cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2 with 88.4% retention. • Supercapattery device exhibited an energy density of 6.73 μWh cm−2 at power density of 700 μW cm−2. • 3D forest-like architecture results in better performance due to high surface area and porous nature in foot print area. [Display omitted] A binder-free positive electrode material of 3D starfish-like Co 3 O 4 /Ni forest is fabricated via a novel and facile hydrothermal process followed by thermal treatment. The morphological studies clearly showed the construction of starfish-like micro-flowers of Co 3 O 4 nanostructure forest densely covered on the entire Ni current collector. The 3D-Co 3 O 4 /Ni electrode displayed an areal capacity as high as 143.28 mC cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2 and higher stability of 88.4% after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the fabricated 3D-Co 3 O 4 /Ni||3D-Bi 2 O 3 /Ti s upercapattery delivered a maximum areal capacitance of 24.73 mF cm−2, the energy density of 6.73 μWh cm−2 and power density of 5250 μW cm−2 with good cycling stability> 71% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. The higher electrochemical performance of the electrode is delivered due to the availability of abundant electrochemically active sites in the 3D starfish-like Co 3 O 4 microflower, which facilitates a higher electrochemical reaction. The starfish-like forest architectures allow rapid ion diffusion, and the binder-free electrode reduces the contact resistance, which fasten the electron transport. These tolerable results prompt the as-prepared electrode with 3D starfish-like Co 3 O 4 microflower morphology as an auspicious positive electrode material for electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine the level of awareness of the common oral disease amongst the primary care physicians in Chennai, India and to study the proportion of the routine oral examination among them. Method: This study was a cross-sectional, self administered, questionnaire survey which was done among 70 primary care physicians of Chennai, India. The questionnaire assessed the proportion of the routine oral examination and the knowledge and the awareness about the common dental problems among the primary care physicians. Result: This study showed moderate awareness about the signs and symptoms of the common oral diseases. There appeared to be a low awareness about the treatment of limited mouth opening and the causes of white patches. 85.9% of the doctors said that they routinely examined the oral cavity; 4.2% said that they sometimes did so. 4.2% of the sample said that they did not perform a routine oral examination, whilst another 4.2% said that they examined the throat only. Conclusion: The information which was gleaned from this study can help in developing a focused module which is aimed at the practising primary care physicians, and to suggest appropriate additions to the curriculum of the medical graduates, so as to enable an early detection, an appropriate referral, and an ultimately improved oral and general health of our population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnMoO4 nanoparticles were synthesized by employing solvothermal method at optimized experimental condition to explore their electrochemical properties. The fundamental characterization studies such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the formation of pure phase of monoclinic crystal structure with C2/m space group. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the core-level Mn-2p spectrum peaks observed at 641.2 eV can be attributed to Mn-2p3/2 and that at 654.1 eV can be indexed to the binding energy of Mn-2p5/2. Major infrared peaks observed at 725, 800, 867, and 946 cm−1 could be designated to the characteristics bands of tetrahedral MoO4 groups in MnMoO4 nanoparticles. Raman peaks observed at 351, 823, 886, and 932 cm−1 corresponded to characteristics bands for MnMoO4 nanoparticles. The cyclic voltammetry studies at different scan rates (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, and 100 mV s−1) were performed for all three MnMoO4 nanoparticles and displayed similar redox peaks in the positive and negative current regions, reflecting the pseudocapacitive nature. From galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles, it was found that MnMoO4 nanorods (R2) show high- capacitance of 697.4 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density and 40% increment in specific capacitance than other nanoparticles and can be considered as suitable nanomaterials as electrode for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent years, the whole world is looking for better energy storage devices. Supercapacitors are among the most promising high-capacity energy storage devices. Manganese-based material has gained more importance among transition metals due to its cost, easy fabrication, and wide potential applications. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel MOF using metal centers, dicarboxylate ligand, and aminoterephthalic acid as a co-ligand {Mn-Ni-NH2(h2fipbb)}MOF. The synthesized material has a unique hierarchical morphology consisting of manganese and nickel connected with NH2 through h2fipbb ligand linkage, which is highly efficient for the permeation of the electrolyte and electron transfer. The {Mn-Ni-NH2(h2fipbb)}MOF shows an excellent specific capacitance of 711.60 F g−1 using 2 M KOH at a current density of 1 A g−1. The two electrode system material exhibits a high-power and energy density of 743.99 W kg−1 and 20.49 Wh kg−1, respectively. From the above results, the synthesized {Mn-Ni-NH2(h2fipbb)}MOF can be considered a promising material for electrochemical energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]