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The article titled "The Buford Highway Farmers Market" by Diamond Forde reflects on the author's memories of visiting the market with their family and the changes that occurred after a tragic event. The author describes the vibrant atmosphere of the market, with its diverse food offerings and friendly fishmonger. However, after a car accident, the author's grandmother's life became more isolated, with her only companionship being a television and religious programming. The author reflects on their promise to wear a leopard-print jacket that their grandmother bought but never got to see them wear. The article ends with the author finding joy and connection by wearing the jacket to a rock concert with their sister. Diamond Forde is an award-winning poet whose work has been published in various literary journals. [Extracted from the article]

Herein we evaluate the promotive effect of Au and Sn incorporation into supported Pd nanoparticles for the direct synthesis of H2O2 from molecular H2 and O2. The introduction of both secondary metal modifiers was found to result in a significant enhancement in catalytic performance, although, in the case of the PdSn system, it was identified that relatively large quantities of the secondary metal were required to rival the activity observed over optimal Au-containing formulations, with the 0.25%Pd–2.25%Sn/TiO2 catalyst offering comparable H2O2 synthesis rates to the optimised 0.25%Pd–0.25%Au/TiO2 formulation. The introduction of Sn was found to considerably improve Pd dispersion, correlating with an improvement in selective H2 utilisation. Notably, the optimal PdSn catalyst identified in this work achieves superior H2O2 selectivities compared to the PdAu analogue and is able to rival the performance of state-of-the-art materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we evaluate the promotive effect of Au and Sn incorporation into supported Pd nanoparticles for the direct synthesis of H2O2 from molecular H2 and O2. The introduction of both secondary metal modifiers was found to result in a significant enhancement in catalytic performance, although, in the case of the PdSn system, it was identified that relatively large quantities of the secondary metal were required to rival the activity observed over optimal Au-containing formulations, with the 0.25%Pd–2.25%Sn/TiO2 catalyst offering comparable H2O2 synthesis rates to the optimised 0.25%Pd–0.25%Au/TiO2 formulation. The introduction of Sn was found to considerably improve Pd dispersion, correlating with an improvement in selective H2 utilisation. Notably, the optimal PdSn catalyst identified in this work achieves superior H2O2 selectivities compared to the PdAu analogue and is able to rival the performance of state-of-the-art materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship recycling is one of the most promising industries for Bangladesh. A significant amount of local steel demand is fulfilled by scrap metals from ship recycling yards. Bangladesh has been maintaining a competitive position in the ship recycling sector along with China, India, and Pakistan. But, in the absence of substantial workplace safety and infrastructure development and for not following international regulations, Bangladesh may lose its market share to other countries in this sector. This paper presents a financial analysis to establish compliant ship recycling facilities that will fulfill the Hong Kong Convention (HKC) requirements. This analysis has considered all the facilities of a compliant shiprecycling yard, including impermeable floors, mechanized systems, oily water separators, firefighting systems, and other special features. The worthiness, scalability, and sustainability of investing in the development of compliant ship recycling facilities have been assessed from Bangladesh's perspective and the benefits over the conventional ones have been discussed. Also, the challenges for ship recyclers and their prevalent perspective toward establishing compliant ship recycling facilities have been depicted. Lastly, recommendations have been suggested to assist the ship recyclers in Bangladesh by encouraging them to invest and enable HKC-compliant ship recycling to harness long-term economic rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two sorts of tablets were manufactured from ball-milled powder (aluminum scrap and copper) by cold pressing and spark plasma sintering. Their microstructure, phase, and elemental compositions were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. New phases, Al2Cu and MgCuAl2, were detected in the samples. Their microstructure was formed by welded scrap particles, the intermetallides, and Cu-rich regions located majorly along 'interparticle boundaries' and, to a lesser extent, within small, micro- and nanosized 'intraparticle spots'. The tablets were sealed with adhesive, so only the top surface was exposed to the environment, and tested in a chlorine aqueous solution for hydrogen generation performance. For both sample sorts, hydrogen yields of nearly 100% were achieved. The sintered tablets reacted faster than the cold-pressed ones: at 60, 70, and 80 °C, their entire 'conversion into hydrogen' took ~80, 40, and 30 min. vs. ~220, 100, and 70 min. The experimental kinetic curves were fitted with a contracting geometry equation, and those for the sintered samples were approximated with higher precision. The key effect of the additive was to enhance hydrogen evolution through the galvanic corrosion of Al in the regions adjacent to the intermetallic inclusions and Cu-rich spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) and their derivatives, being an emergent category of adsorbents, are anticipated to adsorb organic dyes from aqueous mediums. Herein, ZIF-67 and Ni-doped ZIF-67 were designated due to their high stability in aqueous mediums, porosity and straightforward synthesis. Porous Ni-doped ZIF-67 nanocomposite was produced by doping secondary metal (Ni) to ZIF-67. The fabricated Ni@ZIF-67 showed excellent adsorption efficiency to adsorb methyl orange from water. The performance of Ni-doped ZIF-67 was analysed by varying pH, contact time with adsorbent and concentration of dye. Results exposed that the Ni@ZIF-67 nanocomposite adsorbs more dye in mild acidic condition (qe = 24.24 mg. g−1 pH = 6) as compared to acidic (qe = 17.69 mg. g−1 pH = 2) and basic medium (qe = 15.74 mg. g−1 pH = 10). Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models were applied and results showed that Langmuir model proved to be best fitted, suggesting adsorption process as monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity attained was 151.74 mg. g−1 with excellent recycling performance up to fifth cycle. Also with 180 min contact time, 68.5 and 82.9% of MO were adsorbed by ZIF-67 and Ni-doped ZIF-67 nanocomposite, respectively. Consequently, the as-synthesised Ni@ZIF-67 could be a prospective adsorbent material for methyl orange elimination from polluted water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prepared FeZnNa@SiO2-C catalyst with graphitized carbon (C)-modified mesoporous SiO2 supports metal nanoparticles with the sol–gel method. The effect of adding metal Na and Zn promoters as a dispersion on the CO2 hydrogenation to low olefins was systematically studied. The results showed that Zn–Na, as a combination, could promote the absorption of CO2 and improved the conversion rate of CO2. Na as an alkaline substance can improve the absorption of more acidic CO2, which could increase the conversion rate of CO2 to 59.03%. Meanwhile, the addition of secondary metal Zn to Fe-based catalysts to form a surface alloy could alter the adsorption of CO2 and the activation of C-O bonds, inhibit the subsequent hydrogenation of olefins to paraffins, and facilitate the reduction of Fe2O3 and the formation of active Fe5C2 species. The formation of active Fe5C2 species was found in TEM and XRD, and the selectivity of the target product was 41.07%. The deep hydrogenation of olefins was inhibited, and the space–time yield (STY) of low olefins was raised again by inhibiting their deep hydrogenations, up to 0.0436. However, the corresponding STY did not increase infinitely with the increase of Na doping, and higher catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation could be exhibited when the Na doping reached 6.4%. Compared with Fe@SiO2-C catalyst, Na- and Zn-promoted Fe-based catalysts, prepared by the modified sol-gel method, can be used directly for highly efficient CO2 hydrogenation to low olefins and thus has a more promising application prospect in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication industries are emerging to reduce and recycle waste scrap materials into useful products for various engineering applications such as domestic, structural, marine, and construction doors and windows. Most waste scrap materials are affected by soil and water pollution, resulting in unsuitable environmental living. This study is to fabricate the low‐cost and eco‐friendly Al‐ZrO2 alloy composite made with waste Al/Mg metal scrap microparticles through stir casting technique and the developed composite with 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% of ZrO2 were studied its mechanical properties (ASTM). The synthesized composites' mechanical tensile strength, impact, and hardness were evaluated by ASTM test standard. The revealed experimental results were compared and an optimum sample was addressed. The optical micrograph studies revealed the metal particle presence. The sample 4 composite contained 15 wt% of ZrO2 particles and showed superior mechanical properties like 7.7%, 57.7%, and 13.66% improvement in tensile strength, impact toughness, and hardness compared to sample 1 without ZrO2 particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fugitive dust (FD) is a nuisance and potential health issue, particularly in environmental justice communities that can experience high levels of contaminated FD. This community-initiated study examined FD from a scrap metal processor in Detroit, Michigan, to determine whether the FD was contaminated, how it migrated through the community, whether wipe or composite road dust samples were preferable, and whether literature profiles adequately characterized this source. The study was motivated by community concerns, as well as a massive subsidence/upheaval event resulting from excessive accumulation of mill scale, which is a type of scrap metal, at the facility. We collected 57 wipe samples from windows and other surfaces, and 20 composite road dust and surface soil samples, which were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Concentrations were expressed using the fraction of the reconstructed mass. We also compared results to air quality monitoring data and calculated pollution indices and enrichment factors. Samples collected near the processor had high levels of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, and Zn compared with background soils, and levels remained elevated in residential areas several blocks distant. Composite road dust/sediment samples appeared preferable to wipe samples for chemical characterization. The available chemical profiles did not match the FD composition, suggesting the need for local profiles. The high level of Fe, which is consistent with mill scale, was a novel finding and caused the road dust to exceed health protection screening levels. Numerous metal scrap facilities operate locally and nationally, and our results show the need to improve controls to limit or eliminate FD emissions from industrial sources using enforced policies that reduce dust generation and truck track-out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DOES - Dataset of European scrap classes. Today, scrap is already an important raw material for industry. Due to the transformation to green steel, the secondary raw material scrap will become increasingly important in the coming years. With DOES a free dataset is presented, which represents common non-alloyed European scrap classes. Two important points were considered in this dataset. First, scrap oxidizes under normal external conditions and the visual appearance changes, which plays an important role in visual inspections. Therefore, DOES includes scrap images of different degrees of corrosion attack. Second, images of scrap metal (mostly scrap piles) usually have no intrinsic order. For this reason, a technique to extract many overlapping rectangles from raw images was used, which can be used to train deep learning algorithms without any disadvantage. This dataset is very suitable to develop industrial applications or to research classification algorithms. The dataset was validated by experts and through machine learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing new organic solvents to support the use of Li metal anodes in secondary batteries is an area of great interest. In particular, research is actively underway to improve battery performance by introducing fluorine to ether solvents, as these are highly compatible with Li metal anodes because fluorine imparts high oxidative stability and relatively low Li-ion solvation ability. However, theoretical analysis of the solvation ability of organic solvents mostly focuses on the electron-withdrawing capability of fluorine. Herein, we analyze the effect of the structural characteristics of solvents on their Li+ ion solvation ability from a computational chemistry perspective. We reveal that the structural constraints imposed on the oxygen binding sites in solvent molecules vary depending on the structural characteristics of the N-membered ring formed by the interaction between the organic solvent and Li+ ions and the internal ring containing the oxygen binding sites. We demonstrate that the structural strain of the organic solvents has a comparable effect on Li+ solvation ability seen for the electrical properties of fluorine elements. This work emphasizes the importance of understanding the structural characteristics and strain when attempting to understand the interactions between solvents and metal cations and effectively control the solvation ability of solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global extraction of several billions of clean clay resources, which destroy millions square meters of land, is triggering environmental problems. Incorporating different dosages of incinerated waste or dredged sediment in bricks production has been studied by many researchers. Research articulating the combined effect of incinerated waste material (IWM) and river dredged sediments (RDS) addition on the performance of bricks is scarce. This paper aims to present findings on the engineering performance of fired bricks developed with the addition of IWM and RDS. In this regard, bricks were made with 5 wt% IWM and different dosages of RDS (i.e., 0 – 15 wt%). Physical, durability, mechanical, thermal and microstructure of the developed bricks is examined. Bricks' shrinkages were found meeting quality performance criterion in the 1.42 – 4.11% range. The highest bulk density of 1.85 g/cm3 permit to classify bricks obtained as lightweight. Water absorptions were mostly within the acceptable 20% tolerance level postulating the developed bricks high durability standard. Compressive strength reductions, which were confined within 5.28 and 21.57 MPa, showed the developed bricks applicability to structural weight-supporting construction as well as specialized engineering construction works. The 40.5% thermal conductivity reduction in WB15 bricks (at 800 °C) theorized its suitability for thermal insulation construction. Mineralogical and morphological analyses of fired bricks clearly showed kaolinite polymorphic phase transformation, which contributed to the different morphologies in the brick matrices. Consequently, reuse of IWM and RDS offered a chance to advance sustainable use of scarce clay resources in lightweight and thermal insulation brick production. • Performance of bricks made with incinerated waste and dredged sediment is studied. • Developed bricks showed linear shrinkages within the 1.42–4.11% quality limits. • The highest 17.87% absorptions of bricks fired at 1000 °C indicate good quality. • 21.57–5.28 MPa reductions in produced bricks' compressive strengths acceptable. • The up to 40.5% reduction in the bricks' conductivities good for insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as fire-resistant additives was banned several years ago; however, they persist in several environmental compartments. This study determined the concentrations and associated exposure risks of Ʃ39PBDEs in soil depth samples from selected metals and plastics scrap catchments in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Samples extraction was performed by the Soxhlet extraction method followed by GC-MS analysis. The mean concentrations of ∑39PBDEs-congeners ranged from 0.01 ± 001 to 25 ± 11.0 ng g−1 in the topsoil and 0.01 ± 0.01 to 6.50 ± 4.7 ng g−1 in the subsoil. The PBDE homologue profiles were dominated by di, penta, hexa, and tri-BDEs. The PBDEs cancer and non-cancer risk for infants were higher than those in adults, expressed in the following order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. In general, the sum for the three exposure pathways was within the allowable threshold limit, suggesting a low lifetime cancer risk from soil exposures. The technical mixture used for paints, plastics, hydraulic, and dielectric insulating fluids for transformers, capacitors, cable wires, and power capacitors is a potential source of Ʃ39PBDEs in the study area. With the increase in metals scrap enterprise in Nigeria, this study provides empirical data useful for the development of efficient strategies to strengthen and enforce existing regulations for metals and plastics scrap land use in Nigeria and other similar catchments around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a piece of copper scrap was placed in the 1m × 1m base of a single-slope solar still. An automated system steadily dripped salt water into the basin of the solar still. The experiment utilized dripping salt water and energy storage materials such as copper and brass scrap. Research has shown that the presence of copper scrap in the basin, combined with a shallow layer of salt water, has a significant impact on the distillate output. However, the high thermal capacity of the salt water in the basin can lead to reduced production. As more salt water is added to the basin, the temperature difference between the water inside and the glass cover increases. Based on the experimental results, the calculated yield is satisfactory, and the overall thermal efficiency remains at 71.3%. The production rate is also influenced by the diffusion process on the south-facing condensing cover. The temperatures of water, glass, and air, as well as their combined effects, are measured and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the secondary metals refining processes, vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and electroslag remelting (ESR), the consumable electrode is commonly produced by vacuum induction melting (VIM) which employs the regrettably primitive casting technique of simply pouring into the open top of the mold. Despite the vacuum, the resulting oxidizing conditions and the immensely powerful turbulence accompanying the top-pouring of the electrode is now known to create a substantial density of serious cracks. The cracks in the cast electrode are bifilms (double oxide films), which in turn are proposed to be responsible for the major faults of the VAR ingot, including undetectable, horizontal macroscopic cracks, white spots (clean and dirty varieties) and in-fallen crown. The remedial action to solve all these issues at a stroke is the provision of a counter-gravity cast electrode, cast in air or vacuum, or provision of any similar electrode substantially free from bifilm defects. The ESR process is also described, explaining the reasons for its significantly reduced sensitivity to the top-poured VIM electrode, but indicating that with an improved electrode, this already nearly reliable process has the potential for perfect reliability. The target of this critical overview is an assessment of the potential of these secondary refining processes to produce, for the first time, effectively defect-free metals, metals we can trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanum (La) ions are generally recognized to cause a decline of the catalytic performance for Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). Herein, we demonstrate that the NH3-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability of Cu-La-SSZ-13 zeolites can be enhanced with the incorporation of a small amount of La ions. The incorporation of La ions into SSZ-13 favors more Z2Cu2+ ions at six-membered rings (6MRs), which results in higher hydrothermal stability of Cu-La-SSZ-13 than that of Cu-SSZ-13. The NO conversion of Cu-La-SSZ-13 achieves 5%–10% higher than that of Cu-SSZ-13 at the temperature range of 400–550 °C after hydrothermal ageing. While introducing excess amount of La ions in SSZ-13 may cause the formation of inactive CuOx, leading to the decrease of catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability. Notably, the low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-13 with a low Cu content (≤ 2 wt.%) can be boosted by the introduction of La ions, which is largely due to the improved redox ability of Cu active sites modified by La ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that La ions prefer to locate at eight-membered rings (8MRs) and thus promoting the formation of more Z2Cu2+ ions. Meanwhile, the existence of La ions in SSZ-13 inhibits the dealumination process and the transformation from Z2Cu2+ to CuOx, resulting in its enhanced hydrothermal stability. The present work sheds a new insight into the regulation of secondary metal cations for promoting high NH3-SCR performance over Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road-traffic-based air pollution accounts for one-third of the air pollution problem in Turkey. In order to combat this environmental issue and illustrate the possible direction of the road transport policy, five scenarios of withdrawing older vehicles from the fleet are analyzed using cost–benefit analysis (CBA) for 2020–2030. This article focuses on CBA's economic dimension, while the cost of carbon and health costs are included to capture the integrated societal CBA. The economic net benefit is calculated based on tax revenues and foreign trade of major road transport factors such as fuel, vehicles, and scrap metal. The findings indicate that all alternative scenarios compared to the business-as-usual scenario result in a higher net benefit, ranging from 69 to 274 billion PPP US $, and justify implementing road-transport policies consistent with sustainable development goals to combat air pollution and ensure human health. This paper provides extensive evidence that vehicle fleet renewal is beneficial from economic, environmental, and public health perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high activity and selectivity of Fe-based heterogeneous catalysts toward a variety of reactions that require the breaking of strong bonds are offset in large part by their considerable instability with respect to oxidative deactivation. While it has been shown that the stability of Fe catalysts is considerably enhanced by alloying them with precious metals (even at the single-atom limit), rational design criteria for choosing such secondary metals are still missing. Since oxidative deactivation occurs due to the strong binding of oxygen to Fe and reduction by adsorbed hydrogen mitigates the deactivation, we propose here to use the binding affinity of oxygen and hydrogen adatoms as the basis for rational design. As it would also be beneficial to use cheaper secondary metals, we have scanned over a large subset of 3d–5d mid-to-late transition metal single atoms and computationally determined their effect on the oxygen and hydrogen adlayer binding as a function of chemical potential and adsorbate coverage. We further determine the underlying chemical origins that are responsible for these effects and connect them to experimentally tunable quantities. Our results reveal a reliable periodic trend wherein oxygen binding is weakened greatest as one moves right and down the periodic table. Hydrogen binding shows the same trend only at high (but relevant) coverages and otherwise tends to have its binding slightly increased in all systems. Trends with secondary metal coverage are also uncovered and connected to experimentally tunable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]