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Environmental factors, including temperature, can modulate an animal's lifespan. However, their underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. We observed a profound effect of temperature on the aging of Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) by performing proteomic analysis at different time points (young adult, middle age, and old age) and temperature conditions (20 °C and 25 °C). Importantly, although at the higher temperature, animals had short life spans, the shift from 20 °C to 25 °C for one day during early adulthood was beneficial for protein homeostasis since; it decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation. Consistent with our findings, animals who lived longer in the 25 °C shift were also more resistant to high temperatures along with oxidative and UV stresses. Furthermore, the lifespan extension by the 25 °C shift was mediated by three important transcription factors, namely FOXO/DAF-16, HSF-1, and HIF-1. We revealed an unexpected and complicated mechanism underlying the effects of temperature on aging, which could potentially aid in developing strategies to treat age-related diseases. Our data are available in ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD024916., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work., (© 2022 The Authors.)

In 2016,routine influenza virus surveillance was conducted in the live poultry markets of Wuhan, Hubei Province. An H5N2 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)was isolated from ducks in Wuhan. The entire genome of this virus isolate was sequenced,and molecular phylogenetic analysis performed. The results indicated that the HA gene belonged to clade 2.3.4.4and contained multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site, which is characteristic of highly pathogenic AIV. Sequence alignment revealed that the isolate shared a high degree of homology with different H5 subtype AIVs isolated from waterfowl in southern China in recent years. This isolate was likely a natural reassortant from different subtype AIVs. This study provides epidemiological evidence of influenza evolution. Continuation of molecular epidemiology studies of H5 subtype influenza viruses in live poultry markets is important for understanding their role in the variation and evolution of highly pathogenic AIVs and their potential hazardous effects on human health. Furthermore, this information is important for strengthening comprehensive AIV surveillance and control measures.

Carotenoids serve diverse functions in vastly different organisms that both produce and consume them. Enhanced carotenoid accumulation is of great importance in visual and functional properties of fruits and vegetables. Significant progress has been achieved in the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by using biochemical and genetics approaches in recent years. Carotenoid metabolic network is temporally and spatially controlled, and plants have evolved strategic tactics to regulate carotenoid metabolism in response to various developmental and environmental factors. Here in this review, we summarize current status of studies on transcription factors and phytohormones that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage capacity in plastids, as well as the responses of carotenoid metabolism to environmental cues in tomato fruits. Transcription factors function either in cooperation with or independent of phytohormone signaling, which provides novel approaches for metabolic engineering of carotenoid composition and content., (© The Author 2014. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.)