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International audience; nternational Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 recovered a high-fidelity record of volcanism related to subduction initiation in the Bonin fore-arc. Two sites (U1440 and U1441) located in deep water nearer to the trench recovered basalts and related rocks; two sites (U1439 and U1442) located in shallower water further from the trench recovered boninites and related rocks. Drilling in both areas ended in dolerites inferred to be sheeted intrusive rocks. The basalts apparently erupted immediately after subduction initiation and have compositions similar to those of the most depleted basalts generated by rapid sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with little or no slab input. Subsequent melting to generate boninites involved more depleted mantle and hotter and deeper subducted components as subduction progressed and volcanism migrated away from the trench. This volcanic sequence is akin to that recorded by many ophiolites, supporting a direct link between subduction initiation, fore-arc spreading, and ophiolite genesis.

Summary Recombination affects the fate of alleles in populations by imposing constraints on the reshuffling of genetic information. Understanding the genetic basis of these constraints is critical for manipulating the recombination process to improve the resolution of genetic mapping, and reducing the negative effects of linkage drag and deleterious genetic load in breeding. Using sequence‐based genotyping of a wheat nested association mapping (NAM) population of 2,100 recombinant inbred lines created by crossing 29 diverse lines, we mapped QTL affecting the distribution and frequency of 102 000 crossovers (CO). Genome‐wide recombination rate variation was mostly defined by rare alleles with small effects together explaining up to 48.6% of variation. Most QTL were additive and showed predominantly trans‐acting effects. The QTL affecting the proximal COs also acted additively without increasing the frequency of distal COs. We showed that the regions with decreased recombination carry more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with possible deleterious effects than the regions with a high recombination rate. Therefore, our study offers insights into the genetic basis of recombination rate variation in wheat and its effect on the distribution of deleterious SNPs across the genome. The identified trans‐acting additive QTL can be utilized to manipulate CO frequency and distribution in the large polyploid wheat genome opening the possibility to improve the efficiency of gene pyramiding and reducing the deleterious genetic load in the low‐recombining pericentromeric regions of chromosomes., Significance Statement This study offers insights into the genetic basis of recombination rate variation in allopolyploid wheat and its effect on the distribution of deleterious SNPs across the genome. The identified trans‐acting additive recombination rate QTL can be utilized to manipulate crossover frequency and distribution in the large polyploid wheat genome opening the possibility to improve the efficiency of gene pyramiding and reducing the deleterious genetic load in the low recombining pericentromeric regions of chromosomes.

International audience; Because phytoplankton communities exhibit seasonal patterns driven by changes in physical factors, grazing pressure, and nutrient limitations, climate change, in combination with local phosphorus management policies are expected to impact phytoplankton annual dynamic. We used long-term monitoring data from Lake Geneva (from 1974 to 2010) to test if changes in phytoplankton seasonal succession across years is related to re-oligotrophication, inter-annual variability in thermal conditions, and Daphnia sp. density. We used a Bayesian method to identify species assemblages and wavelet analysis to detect transient dynamics in seasonal periodicity. A decrease in phosphorus concentrations appeared to play a major role in the inter-annual replacement of species assemblages. Furthermore, some species assemblages exhibited a change in their seasonal periodicity that was most likely induced by changes in Daphnia sp. density. Finally, we demonstrated that flexibility in the pattern of phytoplankton seasonal successions played a stabilizing role at the community level. The results suggest that phenology and inter-annual changes in seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages are important components to consider for explaining long-term variability in phytoplankton community.

International audience; In order to research macroscopic mass transport characteristics of porous media, a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) approach was utilized to calculate asymptotic longitudinal mass dispersion. In this study, a D2Q9 model with multi-relaxation-time (MRT) collision operator, which is appropriate for incompressible flow with a high Péclet number without refining the lattice, was chosen. With respect to the microstructure of porous media, random placement (RP) method was applied to obtain randomly positioned particles. Based on the exhausted numerical results presented in the study, a new correlation of longitudinal mass dispersion was established. By comparing with available experimental data in the literature, reasonable agreements are observed in a wide porosity range from 0.3 to 0.7, indicating the validity of the proposed correlation.

This article addresses the modelling of crop health and its impact on crop losses, with a special emphasis on plant diseases. Plant disease epidemiological models have many different shapes. We propose a summary of modelling structures for plant disease epidemics, which stem from the concepts of infection rate, of site, of basic infection rate corrected for removals (Rc), and of basic reproductive number (R0). Crop losses, the quantitative and qualitative impacts of diseases and pests on crop performances, can be expressed along many different dimensions. We focus on yield loss, defined as the difference between the attainable yield and the actual yield, in a production situation. The modelling of yield loss stems from the concept of damage mechanism, which can be applied to the wide range of organisms (including pathogens, weeds, arthropods, or nematodes) that may negatively affect crop growth and performances. Damage mechanisms are incorporated in crop growth models to simulate yield losses. In both fields, epidemiology and crop loss, we discuss the process of model development, including model simplification. We emphasize model simplification as a main avenue towards model genericity. This is especially relevant to enable addressing the diversity of crop pathogens and pests. We also discuss the usefulness of considering differing evaluation criteria depending on the stage of model development, and thus, depending on modelling objectives. We illustrate progress made on two global key crops where model simplification has been critical; rice and wheat. Modelling pests and diseases, and of the yield losses they cause on these two crops, lead us to propose the concept of crop health syndrome as a set of injury functions, each representing the dynamics of an injury (such as, for example, the time-course of an epidemic). Crop health in a given context can be represented by the set of such injury functions, which in turn can be used as drivers for crop loss models.

本稿では、2008年10月に本学西ギャラリーにて開催された移民パネル 真展「ブラジルの中の日本、日本の中のブラジル〜 真で見る100年、過去から未来へ〜」について、その背景と目的、組織態勢、交流イベント、 真展の詳細等を報告する。 真展は(1)かつてブラジルに渡った日本人、(2)現在ブラジルで暮らす日系人、(3)現在日本で暮らすブラジル人の3つのセクションから構成された。これからの未来を担う子どもたちや彼らの夢にも焦点を当て、学生実行委員会と子どもたちとの交流イベントを実施した。その内容も展示の中で紹介された。, In this article we will report about a photo exhibition held in October 2008 at Shizuoka University of Art and Culture under the title of "Japanese in Brazil, Brazilians in Japan: 100 years in Photos - From the Past to the Future". The exhibition displayed the past and present in three sections: "Japanese Immigrants to Brazil in the Past," "Nikkei People Now Living in Brazil," and "Brazilian People Now Living in Japan." We focused on children as the torchbearers of the future and their dreams. We hosted three events to facilitate interaction and deepen mutual understanding between the Japanese people and Nikkei Brazilian children who live in Hamamatsu.

High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays are a powerful tool for studying genomic patterns of diversity, inferring ancestral relationships between individuals in populations and studying marker-trait associations in mapping experiments. We developed a genotyping array including about 90 000 gene-associated SNPs and used it to characterize genetic variation in allohexaploid and allotetraploid wheat populations. The array includes a significant fraction of common genome-wide distributed SNPs that are represented in populations of diverse geographical origin. We used density-based spatial clustering algorithms to enable high-throughput genotype calling in complex data sets obtained for polyploid wheat. We show that these model-free clustering algorithms provide accurate genotype calling in the presence of multiple clusters including clusters with low signal intensity resulting from significant sequence divergence at the target SNP site or gene deletions. Assays that detect low-intensity clusters can provide insight into the distribution of presence-absence variation (PAV) in wheat populations. A total of 46 977 SNPs from the wheat 90K array were genetically mapped using a combination of eight mapping populations. The developed array and cluster identification algorithms provide an opportunity to infer detailed haplotype structure in polyploid wheat and will serve as an invaluable resource for diversity studies and investigating the genetic basis of trait variation in wheat. © 2014 The Authors Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

International audience; Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) of olivine within natural peridotites are commonly depicted by pole figures for the [100], [010], and [001] axes, and they can be categorized into five well-known fabric types: A, B, C, D, and E. These fabric types can be related to olivine slip systems: A with (010)[100], B with (010)[001], C with (001)[001], D with {0kl}[100], and E with (001)[100]. In addition, an AG type is commonly found in nature, but its origin is controversial, and could involve several contributing factors such as complex slip systems, non-coaxial strain types, or the effects of melt during plastic flow. In this paper we present all of our olivine fabric database published previously as well as new data mostly from ocean floor, mainly for the convergent margin of the western Pacific region, and we introduce a new index named Fabric-Index Angle (FIA), which is related to the P-wave property of a single olivine crystal. The FIA can be used as an alternative to classifying the CPOs into the six fabric types, and it allows a set of CPOs to be expressed as a single angle in a range between −90° and 180°. The six olivine fabric types have unique values of FIA: 63° for A type, −28° for B type, 158° for C type, 90° for D type, 106° for E type, and 0° for AG type. We divided our olivine database into five tectonic groups: ophiolites, ridge peridotites, trench peridotites, peridotite xenoliths, and peridotites enclosed in high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Our results show that although our database is not yet large enough (except for trench peridotites) to define the characteristics of the five tectonic groups, the natural olivine fabrics vary in their range of FIA: 0° to 150° for the ophiolites, 40° to 80° for the ridge peridotites, −40° to 100° for the trench peridotites, 0° to 100° for the peridotite xenoliths, and −40° to 10° for the peridotites enclosed in high-pressure metamorphic rocks. The trench peridotites show a statistically unimodal distribution of FIA consisting of the high peak equivalent of the A type, but with some FIAs close to the AG and D types. The variations in the olivine fabrics in the trench peridotites could result from variations in deformation within the supra-subduction uppermost mantle, possibly related to evolution of the mantle since the subduction initiation of the Pacific plate.

In this work we introduce a planar ground-free terahertz absorber suitable for large-area manufacturing. The lack of a ground plane in the absorber design may pave the way for frequency-selective response that is an essential requirement for invisible sensors and wave filters. The absorber is to be manufactured using state-of-the-art techniques of large-area printing, within the frame of a joint project between Aalto University and the State Research Center of Finland (VTT). This new technology offers high resolution (up to 1 micrometer) and allows large-area deposition (up to several meters). At this stage of the work, we have designed a novel absorber and tested the performance of the proposed absorber numerically.

International audience

We analyze the long-time large-distance asymptotics of the longitudinal correlation functions of the Heisenberg-Ising chain in the easy-axis regime. We show that in this regime the leading asymptotics of the dynamical two-point functions is entirely determined by the two-spinon contribution to their form factor expansion. Its explicit form is obtained from a saddle-point analysis of the corresponding double integral. It describes the propagation of a wave front with velocity $v_{c_1}$ which is found to be the maximal possible group velocity. Like in wave propagation in dispersive media the wave front is preceded by a precursor running ahead with velocity $v_{c_2}$. As a special case we obtain the explicit form of the asymptotics of the auto-correlation function., Comment: v2: 13 pages LaTeX, three more figures added, comments added in introduction and discussion

ウェールズはイギリスの一地域でありながら、隣接するイングランドとは異なる文化的特徴を持っている。現在ではネイティブの話者は20%近くにまで落ち込んでいるが、ケルト系のウェールズ語が話され、アングロサクソン系のイングランドとは異なる文化を現在にまで伝えている。 ウェールズの首都カーディフの郊外セント・ファガンズにある国立歴史博物館は、ウェールズの伝統的な人々の暮らしを後世に伝えるために様々な取り組みを行っている。ひとつは歴史的な建物から、伝統的な暮らしにかかわる道具や日用品、民芸品などの収集・整理・展示、そしてもうひとつはウェールズの失われつつある伝統文化をフィールドワークによって調査することである。そうして集められた民俗資料はアーカイブに整理・保存されている。 本稿では国立歴史博物館のコレクションおよびアーカイブの資料について触れながら、博物館がウェールズの民俗学、昔話研究に たした役割について紹介する。, Wales is a peninsular part of the Great Britain, which sticks out westward into the Irish Sea, bordering England on the east. Welsh people have a Celtic origin and have a unique culture different from that of the English. Since its language is also quite different from English, the language itself may be an obstacle to study Welsh culture. St Fagans National History Museum has been playing an important role in Welsh folklore studies since its foundation in 1948. Its collection includes historical buildings and such materials as agricultural tools, domestic utensils and costumes, musical instruments, folk crafts, various kinds of manuscripts, and books. The museum also has concentrated on field work around Wales and accumulated a huge amount of materials such as audio-visual recordings, films, photographs, and manuscripts, most of which are invaluable records of the old Welsh daily life that died out years ago. The museum has four kinds of archives to store and organize these collections from its field work: sound archives, manuscript archives, film archives and photographic archives.The sound archives include material relating to Welsh oral tradition such as folk narratives, linguistics, folk songs, and folk beliefs. Robin Gwyndaf, a member of the museum staff, has recorded most of the folk tale materials in the sound archives. The Welsh folktales are divided mainly into three categories: magic and the belief in the supernatural, history and tradition, and humour. St Fagans National History Museum indeed has unique characteristics and plays an important role in preserving traditional Welsh culture.

本稿は、平成20年度本学学長特 研究「地域におけるサスティナブルデザインの展開の可能性」研究の概要を示したものである。本研究は、平成18年度及び19年度に行った「持続的な社会を支えるサスティナブルデザインの基礎的研究」の成 をふまえて、県西部地域の持続可能な地域づくりにおけるサスティナブルデザインの展開の可能性を探ることを目的として行われた。 平成20年度研究では、サスティナブルデザインにおける課題領域である交 領域に焦点をあて、これまでの研究成 と日常交 調査(パーソントリップ調査)等による現状認識をふまえ、浜松市とその周辺地域における日常的な移動手段として、これまでの自動車依存からマルチモーダルな移動体系づくりを目指して、バス・鉄道、自転車や徒歩などを活用する体系への移行を推進するための具体的な啓発・普及活動の内容や手法、実施体制を探った。研究成 は、平成21年度「ノーカーデーはままつ2009」キャンペーンとして実現された。 また、本学における環境負荷の少ないライフスタイルの啓発と教育の一環として、学生が主体となったサスティナブルデザインの実践活動「eco-SUAC2008」を実施した。, This paper will show the outline of study for "Possibility of designs for sustainable communities in the western area of Shizuoka prefecture" in 2008. This study was based on the result of fundamental research of the designs for sustainable communities "Fundamental study of the Sustainable Design supporting continuous society." done in 2006 and 2007. The purpose of this study was to explore a possibility that a "Designs for sustainable societies" can be developed in the western area of Shizuoka prefecture. Depend on the prompt report of the "person trip survey in 2009." in this area, this study tried to clear the means to change ways of daily transportation, from own cars to public transportations, like as bus, railroad, bicycle, and on foot. The result of this study was realized as "No car days in Hamamatsu 2009" campaign in Hamamatsu city.Moreover, as a educational event for students for "Design for sustainable societies", an ecological event named "eco-SUAC2008" was hold in Shizuoka University of Art and Culture.

英文学概要を英語のみで教えるにあたり、本校で用いた手法について説明する。日本の大学においてEAP (English for Academic Purposes: 学問上の目的のための英語)への感心が高まっているが、カリキュラムにコンテントベースの講義を加えるには、相応の配慮と計画を要し、多くの要素を考慮する必要がある。本稿では、まず、コンテントベースの大学レベルEFLコースに関する問題点について指摘する。次に、コース設計とオリジナル教材開発についての詳説をし、最後に、英語で講義を受けた学生の理解度測定結 で締めくくる。, The purpose of this report is to describe the methodology used to teach a Survey of British Literature course at Shizuoka University of Art and Culture (SUAC). Before explaining the steps taken to design the course and create original materials for it, issues related to content-based university-level EFL courses will be introduced. There has been an increased interest in teaching English for Academic Purposes at Japanese universities; however, adding content-based courses to the curriculum requires care and planning. This report addresses a number of factors that need to be considered when delivering academic content to students in a foreign language. To conclude the report, survey results measuring student comprehension of the English lectures will be presented.

本研究は2008年欧州文化首都リバプールを分析の対象にしている。中世の小さな漁村は、18世紀第一四半期から19世紀初頭まで「(いわゆる奴隷)三角貿易」の中心の港として繁栄した。奴隷貿易廃止(1807年)以後は、南北アメリカ・オーストラリアおよびその近隣やその他への海外移民の送出港として、ある研究者によると900万人(かそれ以上)のヨーロッパの人びとを見送ってきた。 こうした「負の遺産」にもかかわらず、2004年にはユネスコ世界遺産リストに登録され、2008年には欧州文化首都に選定されている。 (文化政策研究科長研究費08調査研究報告/種田担当分), This paper analyzes Liverpool. Its waterfront area of the city, Liverpool-Maritime Mercantile City, was granted UNESCO World Heritage and was registered with the WHC-List in 2004. Liverpool, but we know was mainly in the 18th and in the beginning of the 19th century the apex of the `slaving triangle' in which manufacturing merchandise of Britain was traded for African slaves, who were then shipped to the West Indies (now Caribbean) and America where they were in turn exchanged for raw cotton, sugar and tobacco. Liverpool, after the abolition of the trade (1807), was the port that continued to grow and to cope with wholesale British and European emigration, which a researcher counted up to 9 million people leave for the Americas, Australasia and so on between 1830 and 1930. Although Liverpool has its `negative' inheritance, the city is selected as European Capital of Culture for 2008.

本報告書では、静岡文化芸術大学の英語科目の1つである「マルチメディア英語」における、教材作成と評価基準設定に関する英語教員間の共同取り組みについて述べる。具体的には、3年間をかけて開発した、オンラインコースマネージメントシステムを利用して、自主学習を促進させる補助教材の提供、小テストの実施、また、学生の授業出席や取り組み状況の管理、学期中に随時、成績フィードバックを行なった。また、教師が共同で授業を改善していくために、学生に対して授業の実施方法、教材、学習効 等に関するオンライン・アンケートを実施した。 本稿では、まず、本授業において、マネージメントシステムを使用する理論的根拠を提示する。次に、授業内容・教材の紹介、また、アンケート調査結 を統計データを用いて報告する。最後に、英語教員間で連携をして、効 的に授業開発・運営をしていくことの重要性と、それを援助するテクノロジー技術の有用性について述べる。, This paper reports on a collaborative effort among three English language teachers to create materials and standards for an English language course at Shizuoka University of Art and Culture. The project, spanning three years, required the establishment of common syllabi, grading criteria, grading standards, a common set of materials and evaluation tools. By enlisting the latest technology, including an online course management system and supplemental websites, the team members were able to successfully implement the common syllabi. The instructors were able to administer quizzes, keep class records, monitor student performance, keep statistical data on course progress and measure student reaction to the implementation of the course materials. After introducing the rationale behind this approach to course development, a description of the course contents, statistics, and materials will be given. To conclude this report, results from action research on one aspect of this course will be presented.

ユニバーサルデザインの理念を地域に根付かせてそれが具体的な実践につながるようにするにはどうすればいいだろうか。これまで何年かにわたって米国などでユニバーサルデザインを推進してきた専門家を招へいして講演会などを企画してきたが、平成20年度にはセンターフォアユニバーサルデザインでユニバーサルデザインの父と呼ばれたロナルド・メイス教授を支えてきたレスリー・ヤング女史にお話をお願いし、関係組織からの情報提供と合わせて有用な情報を得た。なお、本報告は平成20年度の文化・芸術研究センター長特 研究報告として 置づけられる。, What can be done to implement the concept of universal design in the community, not just in words but in action? The authors have tried for the past several years to organize lecture sessions with invited speakers from the States and UK, and in 2008 the invited speaker was Ms Leslie Young, who has worked with late Professor Ronald Mace at the Center for Universal Design from its establishment. Her lecture gave new insights into the realization of universal design.

本論文は、明治末期より昭和期に至る日本の劇場の変遷を、帝国劇場、築地小劇場、東京宝塚劇場などの劇場改革を踏まえて現代性を描きだすことを目的としている。「劇場」とは、「専門家の配置、舞台作品の製作、空間の設計、観客の資質」という4つの要素が関わることが重要であり、時代は経ても変わることのない部分である。本論では、その前提となる建設の背景および劇場空間における前舞台領域との関係性において考察した。特に、劇場建設に対する言説から考察し、民間劇場が残した財産を現代の公共劇場がどう担うのか、これからの劇場のあり方を提示する。, A goal of this paper is to draw a change from the Meiji last years to a Showa beginnings in a Japanese theater,Teikokugekijyo, Tukijisyogekijyo and Tokyo Takarazuka gekijyo. 4 elements are included in a word as a theater, Specialist's arrangement, Creation in a stage, Spatial design, the quality of the audience. These are also an important part via the time. A relation in a front stage of a background of construction and theater space was hung by the main subject. In particular, it's considered more than a statement of theater constrution. The assets for which a private theater left it, how to carry a present-day public theater is shown.

本稿は、米国の学会誌(International Studies Perspectives)の創刊号から2006年までに掲載された国際関係学教授法関連の文献サーベイであり、紙幅の関係で分割掲載となった前号に続く後半部分である。前号で設定した類型化に基づき、本号においては、教育内容を所与として方法に工夫を加える授業紹介、教育内容を調査し、国際関係学の内容そのものに批判的な検討を加える教授法について概観する。, This is the second part of a paper that surveys pedagogical articles in The International Studies Perspectives journal. Based on the typology formulated in the previous part, this section starts with an inquiry into the teaching methods applied to explain abstract theories and concepts of International Relations (IR). It then goes on to survey the articles that investigate the contents of IR programs and textbooks. It concludes with a survey of articles that critically examine the subject matter of the discipline of IR.

この研究は,昨年に引き続いて三遠南信と呼ばれる広域連携地域における景観のあり方を色 の観点から探ることを目的としている。かなり広域における「景観色」調査から「地域らしさ」を具体的なカラーイメージとして抽出する事である。プレリサーチと同じイメージ調査手法を活用して,イメージ言語から地域の特徴を抽出し,代表的な都市の景観 真の色分析結 と比較検討している。地域のイメージキーワードの抽出と地域固有色の収集結 を踏まえて、三遠南信「らしさ」の抽出につなげている。, This contents is continue study from last year. Reserch and inquire into SAN-EN-NANSHIN area with appearance landscape color.I wish succeed in what an abstraction from landscape color and image in SAN-EN-NANSHIN. Its suitable and strong point by image word from this wide area. I investigate with original analysis from photograph image collarge in the main city.In the last stage on sampling from landscape color is typical of THE SAN-EN-NANSHIN. I wish to select of suitable image inSAN-EN-NANSHIN from this result by analysis.

何を食べるのか、どのように食べるのか、また何を使って食べるのかは、文化圏によって異なり、個 文化それぞれの特有の食文化を作り上げている。食を介して人間関係や社会のつながりが生まれ、こうして文化のうちのかなりの部分が食にかかわっており、文化の基礎を担っている。こうした食をめぐる行動に注意を払うことによって、その社会や文化の最も基本的な構造がみえてくるはずである。人は何を食べるのか(食べないのか)、そして人はなぜそれを食べるのかという問題に限定して、とくに韓国の食を中心に紹介しながら、日本の食文化を考えるきっかけを与えることにしたい。, Food Lifestyle as Cultural Behavior - Perspective of Food Research -What is eaten, how it is eaten, and what is used to eat it varies by cultural zone, creating each individual culture's unique food culture. Human relations and social ties are created through food, and thus a large portion of culture is related to food, which is a foundation of culture. By paying attention to such behavior concerning food, the most basic structure of that society and culture should come into view. Limiting our discussion to what people eat (what don't they eat?) and why people eat those things, especially focusing on Korea's foods, we provide a catalyst for considering Japan's food culture.

本稿の目的は、国際文化学科に所属する日本人英語学習者(教員6人、2年生56人、3年生43人)を対象に行なった、アカデミックリーディングの授業に関するニーズ分析調査結 を報告することにある。 主な結 としては、学習者は主に口頭でのコミュニケーションスキルを伸張させたいと考えている一方、演習や講義で英語文献を使用する教員は、受容的スキル(リーディング)と能動的スキル(スピーキング、プレゼンテーション)の両方のスキル向上を期待していることがわかった。また、学習者間でも、その英語力によって、アカデミックリーディングの学習に対する意欲の度合いに差があることが明らかとなった。読解を困難にさせていると考えられる要素に関しては、学習者は主に語彙(専門用語を含む)を要因と捉える一方、教員は、学生の複雑な文法の解釈力や主題把握力を問題視していることが明らかとなった。 これらの結 を踏まえ、アカデミックリーディングの授業の目的や内容を議論するとともに、実際の指導内容に関する提案を行なう。, The purpose of the study is to reveal the academic reading needs of the students with intermediate English proficiency and instructors who use English written materials in seminar classes or lectures. The survey was conducted on faculty members (n=6) and English as a foreign language (EFL) university sophomores (n=56) taking English reading classes in the Department of International Culture. The sample also includes juniors and seniors (n=43) enrolled in a seminar class in which English written materials are used for their study. One of the main findings showed that overall the students were likely to be interested in improving their oral communication skills, whereas subject instructors tended to expect students to acquire both passive, especially reading skills, as well as productive skills, such as speaking and presentation abilities. In addition, there is a clear spread between the groups with different English levels in terms of motivation for academic English learning. Regarding perceived difficulties in academic reading, the learners reported that they had difficulty in dealing with vocabulary, whereas teachers consider that students have problems with understanding complex grammar and grasping main ideas. Based on the survey results, the objectives and content of the academic reading classes and the ideas for practical teaching in EFL settings will be discussed.

以下に紹介するのは、20世紀前半のアゼルバイジャンを代表する民族運動の指導者マンメド・アミン・ラスルザーデ(1884-1955)の晩年の著作『あるトルコ民族主義者のスターリンと革命の回想』の冒頭部分の翻訳である。この回顧録は、もともと1954年にトルコの新聞《デュンヤ》紙に連載された。著者ラスルザーデは、20世紀の初めからロシア帝国内の産業都市バクーで政治活動に入り、その中で労働運動の組織化に携わっていたボリシェヴィキの活動家スターリンとも接触をもつようになった。彼はアゼルバイジャンのみならず、イランやオスマン帝国(とトルコ共和国)、さらにはヨーロッパでも幅広い活動に従事したが、今回はまず、スターリンとの出会いにいたるまでを扱った、回顧録の冒頭部分を訳出した。, The following article is the first part of a translation of A Turk Nationalist's Memoirs on Stalin and the Revolution, written by a famous leading Azerbaijani nationalist Mmmd min Rsulzad (1884-1955). The original text of the memoirs was once serialized in a Turkish newspaper Dunya in 1954. The author Rsulzad began to engage in political activities at the beginning of the 20th century in his hometown Baku, which was a booming industrial city under the Tsarist regime at the time. Meanwhile he came into contact with a Bolshevik political activist Stalin, then known as Koba, who had tried to get the support of oil workers in Baku. In fact Rsulzad's political career is not confined to activities in Baku and Caucasian Azerbaijan. Rather afterwards he also engaged in broad activities in Iran, the Ottoman Empire (and Turkish Republic) and Europe. Though these activities may be very interesting, for the present I translate the outset of the memoirs, which refers to his first contact with Stalin.

本稿は、H19年度から引きつづき学長特 研究により遂行された「ネット販売の教育的可能性に関する研究」の研究成 報告である。メディア造形学科、空間造形学科、生産造形学科の、デザイン学部3学科で取り組む課題として、大学公式のネットショップのあるべき姿の展望を図り、実施に向けたユニバーシティ・グッズの研究・開発を行っている。, This paper reports the result of "The research about educational possibility of online-shop" which was accomplished and continued on president special research in 2007. We, three department of faculty of design attempted the view of the way it should be of the official online-shop of an university, and researched the unique university.

詩人・小説家・映画監督ピエル・パオロ・パゾリーニPier Paolo Pasolini(1922-75)をめぐるイタリアでの一連の社会的な現象について概括する。死後30余年を経ていまなお注目される存在であるものの、その都度スキャンダラスな死ばかりが話題となってきた。一方、近年では全集の出版などによりニュートラルな研究基盤が築かれつつある。著者のこれまでの研究もその地平に 置付けられる。またモラルの規範としてのマエストロ(師)像が作り上げられ、左派・右派問わず広範な支持を得ている。とはいえ生前は時代遅れの詩人とみなされ、1960年代の後半から「もと詩人」とでも呼べる姿勢で詩作に臨まなければならない試練にも直 している。ここではその一例、1970年の詩「瞑想の語り」を挙げる。, The article presents a reading of the whole of the "Pasolini Phenomenon" in Italy. First, the article discusses the unstoppable, even meaningless, succession of images of the assassination scandal which has continued for more than thirty years after the death of the poet. Second, the article tries to find a neutral ground upon which to base these studies about Pasolini; it also attempts to orient future studies on the poet. The article concludes by outlining the shape of a "maestro" for our times, longed for by a vast population of even opposing political orientations. The so-called Pasolini Phenomenon is recognized, but once the poet was regarded as a poet "passed" it forced one to assume an attitude of "ex-poet". Finally, a proposal for the reading of a poem from 1970, Oral Meditation, written on commission for a collaboration with Ennio Morricone, will be given as an ex-poet's example.

図書館の学習支援の可能性を考えるためには、まず学生は図書館をどのように利用しており、どのような問題を感じているのかを明らかにさせる必要があると考えた。このため、授業で図書館を利用して調べる課題を与え、それについてのアンケート調査を行った。この調査の結 に基づいて、学生の図書館利用の現状と問題点をまとめ、考察した学習支援の可能性について述べる。, It is necessary that studentsEU pattern and problem of library use become clear. Then a questionnaires survey of student was conducted. This paper describes the result of the questionnaires survey and possibilities of learning support of the Library of SUAC.

本稿は、米国の学会誌(International Studies Perspectives)の創刊号から2006年までに掲載された国際関係学教授法関連の文献サーベイである。「ディベート」「ロールプレイング」「PBL」など様々な「革新的な」教育手法のこの分野への導入と教育内容の検討がどのように進められているか、筆者の問題関心に基づく掲載論文の類型化と分類を通じて概観し、教育方法と教育内容との関連性について予備的な考察を加える。本号においては、文献全体の傾向を概観し類型化を提示した上で、教育方法の適用をテーマとする論文中、方法導入の紹介に力点を置くタイプの検討までを行う。, Educators in the field of International Studies hear widespread use of such terms as "Problem Based Learning (PBL)", "Role Playing and Simulations" and "Educational Debates". The International Studies Perspectives (ISP), one of the five journals published by the International Studies Association based in the United States, has a section titled Pedagogy in International Studies and receives articles focusing on the pedagogical issues in the discipline. By surveying and classifying 63 pedagogical articles published in the years 2000-2006, this preliminary study investigates the interrelations between the teaching goals, the subject matter and the teaching methods applied in the classroom. Due to the space limitation, the first part of this paper over-views the ISP pedagogical articles and then goes on to survey the articles which focus on the introduction of some "innovative" teaching methods into the international studies classroom.

柔道はメディア・スポーツの影響を受けているのであろうか。本研究では2008年北京オリンピック大会におけるメディアの影響について分析した。特に五輪史上初めて、危険地帯(赤畳)が撤廃され、柔道の技術や戦略に影響があったのではないかと思われた。これはIJF のテレビ映りを重視した改革の一つであったといえよう。今後、動画サイトの発展を促すことで、スポーツの商業主義的利用に対してテレビへの抑止力になると考える。またメディア・スポーツによる柔道の変容を注意深く分析する必要がある。, How is Judo influenced by Sport Media? In this study, I conducted research about the influence of the media in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. With the abolition of a Red Zone Judo technology and a strategy are affected. It will be one of the reform of IJF which was conscious of "TV screen images." The development of video clip website is a deterrent. It is necessary to analyze the changes in Judo caused by Sports Media.

本研究では、大学生の親しい友人との関係における、日常ストレス経験の自己開示と開示に対する友人の受容的反応(話しを聴いてくれたかどうか)、そしてその後に受けた友人からのソーシャル・サポートが気分状態の改善に及ぼす影響について検討した。調査には大学生84人が参加し、過去1週間での日常ストレス体験、体験した場合にはその体験を親しい友人に開示したか、開示した際に友人が話しを聴いてくれたか、その友人からサポートを受けたか、その結果として話す前よりも気分が和らいだか(直接的な気分の改善)をたずね、別途、調査時点での全般的な気分状態についても回答させた。ストレス体験を自己開示した結果としてサポートが多く得られる場合には、単なる受容的反応以上に気分が和らぐとともに、ポジティブな気分を高めネガティブな気分を軽減させることが示された。, Effects of disclosing everyday stress experiences to friends, and the effects of receiving social support from friends on mood states were investigated. Participants were 84 university students,. They responded to questions about everyday stress experiences during the preceding week, and about the self-disclosures they made about them to close friends. Participants also stated if the friends just listened to the disclosure, if they received social support from the friends,, the degree of relief they obtained as a result of the disclosure, defined as direct improvement in mood during the stressful situation, as well as about their overall positive and negative mood states. Results indicated that social support following a disclosure of stressful experiences was more strongly related to the direct improvement of the mood, the high frequency of positive mood and the low frequency of negative mood, than the friends merely listening to the disclosures.

本稿は、2008年3月23日に静岡文化芸術大学にて開催されたシンポジウム「浜松市民が考える多文化共生-浜松市外国人調査をもとに-」の成果報告である。そのシンポジウム自体が研究チームと多文化共生活動に従事する市民団体との協働研究の成果であった。, This is a brief report of the symposium carried out on 23 March, 2008 in Shizuoka University of Art and Culture under the title of "Multicultural Community Building reflected by Hamamatsu Citizens." This symposium was an outcome of the collaborative research by the research team and some groups of Hamamatsu citizen engaging various multicultural community building activities.

2008年8月に上海市及び杭州市を訪ね、中国のデザイン教育動向の調査を行った。近年、中国では大学数、学生数が急激に増加するなかで、デザイン系の学科を有する大学は500前後、学生数は100万人近いと考えられる。すでに量的には過飽和と言われており、今後はより総合的なデザイン教育の推進、教員スタッフの充実が課題である。, We visited Shanghai and Hangzhou in August, 2008, and did investigation of the design education trend in China. Recently, while the number of Higher Education Institutions and the number of students increase rapidly, the number of HEIs which has a design department is about 500, and it can guess that the number of the students is nearby one million people, in China. The number of students of design has already been said as the over-saturation quantitatively, and the promotion of the synthetic design education and the fulfillment of the teacher staff are subjects in the future.

マイコンシステムの高性能化とオープンソース・ソフトウェアの潮流から最近注目されている「フィジカル・コンピューティング」について、デザインプロセスおよびメディアアートとの関係に注目して紹介する。具体的なシステムとして4種類のプラットフォームを解説し、大学院レベルのメディアデザイン教育への応用について検討した。合わせて、この分野で近年注目されている国際ワークショップ"Sketching in Hardware 2008"の参加報告を行った。, This is a report of physical computing to which people recently pay attention in design process field and media-arts field. I introduce and discuss (1) four popular systems as platforms, (2) consideration for application in graduate course in media design, and (3) report of the international workshop "Sketching 2008".

本稿は2004年から研究開始して以来2008年前期までの「時速6km/h以下のライフスタイルを創る」デザイン学部長特別研究の研究成果報告である。6km/h以下の歩くスピードに合わせた、トレーニング+走行が出来る電動車いすの新たな提案である。走行は使用者が自ら電力をつくりだして充電、トレーニングは慣れない後ろ向き歩きなど、普段使わない筋力を鍛える事も選択でき、かつ安全に前進走行しながらロハスライクな満足が得られる事を追及したものである。, This is the report of the research result on "Creating lifestyle within the speed of 6km/h". This special research was conducted with the Design Department Chair starting from 2004 until first half of 2008.This is our new proposal of mobility with motorized wheel chair, combining training + transporting within the walking speed of 6km/h. The wheelchair is run by electricity generated and charged by the user. The user can choose to train the muscles not usually used often such as by walking backwards, as well as safely run forward and still able to pursue the LOHAS-like satisfaction.

本稿では、静岡文化芸術大学(SUAC)の専任講師と非常勤講師が、授業や教師間に一貫性のあるアカデミックライティングコースを作り上げるために、どのように協力し、実践しているかについて焦点を当てる。特に語学教官が共通のカリキュラムを効果的に実施するための8つのキーポイント:コースの特質、目的、編成、教材、宿題、採点、フィードバック、そして最終的な成績について説明する。また、教官がコースカリキュラムの有効性をどのように効果的に点検したかについても報告する。最終章では、コース終了時点で考慮した改良項目についても述べる。, The focus of this report is to explain how full and part-time instructors at Shizuoka University of Art and Culture (SUAC) collaborated on and implemented a cohesive Academic Writing course. The paper will address the eight key issues for successful implementation of common curricula for language instructors: type of course, goals, organization, materials, homework, scoring, feedback, and final grades. It will also explain how instructors checked the efficacy of implementing the course curricula. Finally, it will report on upcoming changes in the course curricula.

「静岡文化芸術大学の室内楽演奏会3」で用いられた、浜松市楽器博物館所蔵の歴史的ピアノ(K-0010)は、1819〜20年にヴィーンのコンラート・グラーフが制作したものとされてきた。しかし、今回の演奏およびその録音の収録にあたって行われた現況調査からは、グラーフ作であることが確かめられる他の楽器の特徴を、この楽器が必ずしも共有しているとは言えないことが明らかになった。本楽器の場合、グラーフ作の根拠となり得るのは、事実上鍵盤上部のネームプレートのみである。もっとも、この楽器を直ちに偽作と断じることは早急だと考えられる。今後は、グラーフ作として伝わってきたものの彼自身の参与が不確定な楽器として、「伝グラーフ」と表示することが適切であろう。, The historical piano (K-0010) used for the third SUAC Chamber Music Concert Series has been in the possession of the Hamamatsu Museum of Musical Instruments since the museum first opened to the public. This piano is thought to have been made by Conrad Graf around 1819-20. When the authors of this paper consider the results of their investigation, it is difficult to confirm whether or not Graf is the maker of this instrument. The only evidence supporting the suggestion that he is the maker is the inscription on the nameplate, "Conrad GRAF in Wien"; this in itself is insufficient evidence to conclude that Graf actually made the instrument. However, this instrument should not be hastily written off as a counterfeit. It seems most appropriate, given that Graf's participation remains unconfirmed, to label this fortepiano as an "Alleged Graf".

この研究は、三遠南信と呼ばれる広域連携地域における景観のあり方を色彩の観点から探るための手法開発を目的としている。調査研究の大きなテーマは「景観色」から「地域らしさ」をイメージとして抽出する事である。さらにイメージ調査手法を活用して、イメージ言語から地域の特徴を抽出し、その上で景観写真の色分析結果と比較検討することが出来ないだろうか。そのための研究プロセスの検討と分析手法の開発を目指している。, The San-en-nanshin area is mutual relationship in the prefecture Shizuoka and Aichi and Nagano. The following thesis is the research report on landscape color in the San-en-nanshin area. The objective is extract typical in this area from landscape photographs and image research. I report in this step what is it possible in the color analysis by landscape and image.

本稿では、『夏の夜の夢』や五月祭、および広場での笑いのシーンにバフチンのカーニヴァル的な笑いの理論を援用して、アメリカの代表的作家サナニエル・ホーソーンの"My Kinsman, Major Molineux"を新たに読み解くことを試みた。主人公ロビンの名前の起源には、春を告げる小鳥(ロビン)のほかに、『夏の夜の夢』のパックことロビン・グッドフェローや、ロビン・フッド伝説のロビンが考えられ、作品の文学世界はアメリカからイギリスへ、新大陸から旧大陸、そして中世へと広がる。この短編のクライマックスである広場に行列が通るシーンは、『夏の夜の夢』の劇中劇に触発された「ペイジェント」として、「演劇的な仕掛け」がこの作品にあることを論じた。, As, in The Country and the City, Raymond Williams, researcher of Cultural Studies defines, Hawthorne's "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" also embraces the contrast between country and city. In particular its hero Robin embodies the country such as of innocence and simple virtue, and comes to town for his ambition looking for help from his relative Major Molineux. Therefore, this masterpiece first appears to the reader to be a story of initiation, as the hero's name itself symbolizes a small bird which tells the coming of spring. Yet, gradually following Robin in the moonlight, who is loitering in the street on a summer night, we shall enter into Hawthorne's "neutral territory, somewhere between the real world and fairy-land, where the Actual and the Imaginary may meet…" (The Scarlet Letter, 36) Especially, in "My Kinsman," when we come across the following sentence "A heavy yawn preceded the appear-ance of a man, who, like the Moonshine of Pyramus and Thisbe, carried a lantern, needlessly aiding his sister luminary in the heavens," that reminds us of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Nathaniel Hawthorne is known to have revered Shakespeare's works. He changed the spelling of his name from Hathorne to Hawthorne, named after a hawthorn bush (May flower) often touched upon in A Midsummer Night's Dream. This comedy of great renown has two main characters: Robin and Oberon. Curiously enough, beyond Robin, Hawthorne created characters named Oberon in his short stories: "The Devil in Manuscript" and "Fragments from the Journal of a Solitary Man;" the former is a writer who burns his rejected manuscripts. This episode is autobiographical and furthermore Hawthorne used to call himself Oberon in his letters to Horatio Bridge. In A Midsummer Night's Dream, Puck whose other name is Robin Goodfellow says "Thou speakest aright; I am that merry wanderer of the night. I jest to Oberon and make him smile." (Act 2: Sc 1) Hawthorne's Robin, too, is a wanderer of the night. When he notices aprocession approaching, he thinks it must be a "merry-making." The truth, however, seemed that it's a riot where his relative Major Molineux was taken to be hung. The big enigma here is whether it was a real disturbance or a dream Robin had after he dropped with fatigue. My idea is, it might be a stage-play or a Morris Dance by mummers in the evening like the May-game or a play within a play suggested by `Pyramus and Thisbe.' I propose this because Robin's laughter can be fully explained by Mikhail Bakhtin's theory about carnival folk culture; where there is the logic of the "inside out," and "the suspension of all hierarchical precedence." (Rabelais and His World, 10-11) Just as Bakhtin describes that "Carnival laughter is the laughter of all people" (11) and that the people's festive laughter is directed at those who laugh, Robin is an observer of the procession but at the same time he is observed by townspeople such as the gentleman and the lantern bearer. When Bakhtin mentions "we find both poles of transformation, the old and the new, the dying and the procreating" (24), we can assure the old is Major Molineux and the new is Robin. In consequence, Robin is playing a significant role of a clown to progress a plot and to make people laugh at the carnivalesque climax. This procession could be reflected by the historical riot in 1765, but another interpretation is that `Pyramus and Thisbe' incited Hawthorne to create pageantry in his short fiction as a public entertainment of mayings referring to Joseph Strutt's Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. The author of this theatrical device with a great spectacle can be called Oberon Hawthorne, and his jester is Robin.

近年、第3セクターを巡っては、経営破綻や法的整理なども続き、批判的な論調が強いが、一方で、地方圏には小規模ながら健闘している第3セクターも少なくない。本稿では、そのような第3セクターの事例を6社取り上げて、調査分析を行った。そこから、プロパー体制、デザイン戦略など組織面、戦略面にわたり6つの留意点を抽出することができた。, Recently, a critical tone of argument is strong over 3rd sector company, but there are not a few small-scale 3rd sector to go well management in the provinces.Then, six 3rd sector companies were taken up and success factors were examined in this paper. It was able to confirm that the proper center management system and the design strategy, etc. seemed to be important there.

メディア・デザイン系の教育における、コンピュータサウンドの活用について報告する。本学デザイン学部メディア造形学科・大学院デザイン研究科における、アニメーション・CGなどの映像、Flashを含むWebコンテンツ、インスタレーションなどのメディアアートの領域でのコンピュータサウンドの活用事例を報告し、今後について展望した。, This is a report of dealing computer sound in design education of media contents in SUAC. I introduce and discuss that we deal many applications and many file formats in the design process of multimedia contents.

本研究は、拡大EUとして欧州が統合される時代において、産業構造の転換に伴う地域の課題解決のための取組みを取り上げ、比較分析するものである。本稿では特に、イタリアにおける産業遺産の保全・活用の新しい事例をとりあげ、地域再活性化に結びつける手法について、「産業政策」と「文化政策」の「地域政策」を媒介とする高いレベルでの融合に着目し、その背景、経緯、政策上の課題などを論じた。, This paper picks up some case studies to practice comparative analysis of regional policies aiming to solve regional problems that occurred within diversion of indstrial structure in expanding EU. It tries to reveal the backgrounds and processes of some new cases in Italy, which connect reservation or restoration of industrial heritages to regional regeneration or revitalization, that is high-level amalgamation of industrial policy and cultural policy through the medium of regional policy.

The second SUAC Chamber Music Concert Series took place in Hamamatsu Jan. 13th, 2007 at Act City Ongakukobo-Hall, in Shizuoka Feb. 8th at Shizuoka Ongakukan, and in Tokyo Mar. 3rd at Daiichiseimei-Hall. There were two objectives in this project of chamber music concert series. One of the objectives is to manage the public concerts of chamber music utilizing keyboard instrument (forte-piano made by Anton Walter around 1810 in Vienna) possessed by Hamamatsu City Museum of Musical Instruments. Four performers for this concert are the same members as the first concert of these series held in last year. Especially, the pianist, Kikuko Ogura and the violinist, Takeshi Kiriyama have been performing worldwide. They also have released several CDs of their performances. The second objective has an academic perspective. As for the orchestral music in Europe in the 19th century, the performance with the chamber music version, arranged into various small ensembles, have been widely accepted than the original orchestral versions. Therefore, these concert series aimed to use the chamber music versions arranged by the composers themselves. As for this second concert, the Second Symphony (in Piano Trio), the Fourth Piano Concerto (in Piano Sextet), and others composed and arranged by Beethoven were performed successfully.

現代の組織行動論によれば、専制的なトップダウンの組織では経営効率を最大限に発揮することは出来ないとされる。オーケストラにおいては、被雇用者(楽員)の運営参画は営利組織に比べ格段に多い。楽員の運営参画についての研究は多数存在するが、多くは運営参画の利点のみを強調している感があり、客観性を欠いているように思われる。未だ研究が十分でない非営利芸術団体における組織行動を解明することを目的とし、本研究では日英米のオーケストラを対象に調査・分析を行った。調査の結果、自主運営オーケストラ、労働契約関係があるオーケストラなど組織の種類によって、また国によって楽員の運営参画のレベルは異なることが確認されると同時に、楽員の運営参画に関しては功罪両面があり、オーケストラという団体に特徴的な組織行動があることも見出された。, Employee involvement in professional orchestras is more common than that in for-profit organizations. The advantages of musician involvement in governance and management have often been discussed, but little is examined into the disadvantages. In this study, decision-making processes and organizational structures in U.S., British, and Japanese professional orchestras analyzed, and the methods and extent of musician involvement also examined. It indicated, in this study, that different organizational structures, such as a self-governing orchestra and contract orchestra, have different levels of musician involvement and that orchestras in respective countries have respective levels of the involvement. It also found that musician involvement clearly has both advantages and disadvantages and that some are characteristic of professional orchestras. Musician involvement has positive effects on improving efficiency and effectiveness of orchestras in some cases, but it may impair them in other cases. In this study, the importance of understanding these two kinds of aspects objectively thus revealed.

高等学校において平成15年より施行された新課程では、高校のカリキュラムの中に「情報」科目が設けられた。これを経てきた学生に対する大学の情報リテラシー教育には、その位置づけや内容を再検討する必要が生じるかもしれない。そこで、高校新課程を経て大学に入学してきた学部1年生の学生を対象に、高校の情報教育で学んだ項目を調べることを目的としてアンケート調査を行った。大学の情報リテラシー科目において講義している項目を箇条書きにした用紙を配布して、高校の情報科目で学んだ項目に印をつけてもらい、その結果を集計した。本発表では、二つの大学で行ったアンケート調査の結果について述べ、これに基づいて考察した大学の情報リテラシー教育の対応について述べる。, Due to the introduction of an information course to the curriculum of high school by the new Education Ministry guidelines, modifications might be required to information literacy education in universities. The terms learned in the information course of high school is investigated by questionnaires to the incoming freshmen of our universities. The present paper describes the result of an aggregate analysis of the questionnaires. The influences on the education of information literacy in universities caused by the introduction of the information course to high school are also discussed.

椅座位における姿勢変化や座画圧の分析から性差について検討し,女性向けの椅子に関するデータの提供を試みた。参加した被験者は女性11名,男性9名である。被験者は好みの座画高でクレペリンテスト,ビデオ視聴,安静をそれぞれ10分間,膝関節が90°となる座面高で1分間の安静を行い,その間の三次元動作,座画圧を測定した。結果として,背中角度は女性の方が有意に大きく,またクレペリン作業中の座骨結節間距離も女性の方が有意に大きかった。背中角度は,女性の方が小柄であることに加え,日常的な姿勢による影響も大きいものと思われる。また,座骨結節間距離は,臀幅には性差が無くとも骨盤の差が強く表れるようである。したがって,座面にモールド等の工夫を加える場合には,骨盤(座骨結節)の違いを考慮に入れる必要のあることが示唆された。, By analyzing the sex difference of the three-dimensional motion analysis and the distribution of pressure in a sitting posture, offering of the data about a female-oriented chair was tried. The subjects who participated are 11 women and nine men. The subject performed Kraepelin test, video viewing and listening, and quiet for 10 minutes in favorite seat height, respectively. Furthermore, quiet for 1 minute was also performed by seat height that an articulatio genus becomes 90 degrees. Three-dimensional motion picture and distribution of seat surface pressure were measured. As a result, the female back angle was significantly larger than the male. It seems that the difference of the back angle is influenced by everyday posture. The significant difference was found also in the distance between hipbone knots under Kraepelin work. The difference showed that a pelvis-shaped difference appeared in seat surface pressure distribution. It will be necessary to consider the sexual difference in a pelvis (hipbone knot) to a seat surface.