408 results on '"Sköld, Mattias"'
Search Results
102. Particle sources and transport in stratified Nordic coastal seas in the Anthropocene
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Linders, Torsten, primary, Infantes, Eduardo, additional, Joyce, Alyssa, additional, Karlsson, Therese, additional, Ploug, Helle, additional, Hassellöv, Martin, additional, Sköld, Mattias, additional, and Zetsche, Eva-Maria, additional
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- 2018
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103. Distribution and fate of trawling-induced suspension of sediments in a marine protected area
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Linders, Torsten, primary, Nilsson, Per, additional, Wikström, Andreas, additional, and Sköld, Mattias, additional
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- 2017
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104. Production, dynamics and demography of an Amphiura filiformis population
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Sköld, Mattias, Loo, Lars-Ove, and Rosenberg, Rutger
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- 1994
105. Stable isotopes reveal the effect of trawl fisheries on the diet of commercially exploited species
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Hinz, Hilmar, Moranta, Joan, Balestrini, Stephen, Sciberras, Marija, Pantin, Julia R, Monnington, James, Zalewski, Alex, Kaiser, Michel J., Sköld, Mattias, Jonsson, Patrik, Bastardie, Francois, Hiddink, Jan Geert, Hinz, Hilmar, Moranta, Joan, Balestrini, Stephen, Sciberras, Marija, Pantin, Julia R, Monnington, James, Zalewski, Alex, Kaiser, Michel J., Sköld, Mattias, Jonsson, Patrik, Bastardie, Francois, and Hiddink, Jan Geert
- Abstract
Bottom trawling can change food availability for benthivorous demersal species by (i) changing benthic prey composition through physical seabed impacts and (ii) by removing overall benthic consumer biomass increasing the net availability of benthic prey for remaining individuals. Thus trawling may both negatively and positively influence the quantity and quality of food available. Using δ 13C and δ 15N we investigated potential diet changes of three commercially exploited species across trawling gradients in the Kattegat (plaice, dab and Norway lobster (Nephrops)) and the Irish Sea (Nephrops). In the Kattegat, trawling affected primarily the biomass of benthic consumers, lowering competition. Nephrops showed significant positive relationships for δ 13C and a domed relationship for δ 15N with trawling. In the Irish Sea, intense trawling had a negative effect on benthic prey. δ 13C and δ 15N thus showed the inverse relationships to those observed in the Kattegat. Plaice from the Kattegat, showed a significant relationship with trawling intensity for δ 13C, but not for δ 15N. No relationship was found for dab. Changes of δ 13C and δ 15N correlated with changes in condition of species. The results show that the removal of demersal competitors and benthos by trawling can change the diets of commercial species, ultimately affecting their body condition.
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- 2017
106. Editorial: Karolinska Institutet 200-Year Anniversary Symposium on Injuries to the Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System : An Update on Recent Advances in Regenerative Neuroscience
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Sköld, Mattias K., Fehlings, Michael G., Sköld, Mattias K., and Fehlings, Michael G.
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- 2017
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107. Expression of Semaphorins, Neuropilins, VEGF, and Tenascins in Rat and Human Primary Sensory Neurons after a Dorsal Root Injury
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Lindholm, Tomas, Risling, Marten, Carlstedt, Thomas, Hammarberg, Henrik, Wallquist, Wilhelm, Cullheim, Staffan, Sköld, Mattias K., Lindholm, Tomas, Risling, Marten, Carlstedt, Thomas, Hammarberg, Henrik, Wallquist, Wilhelm, Cullheim, Staffan, and Sköld, Mattias K.
- Abstract
Dorsal root injury is a situation not expected to be followed by a strong regenerative growth, or growth of the injured axon into the central nervous system of the spinal cord, if the central axon of the dorsal root is injured but of strong regeneration if subjected to injury to the peripherally projecting axons. The clinical consequence of axonal injury is loss of sensation and may also lead to neuropathic pain. In this study, we have used in situ hybridization to examine the distribution of mRNAs for the neural guidance molecules semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), and semaphorin 4F (SEMA4F), their receptors neuropilin 1 (NP1) and neuropilin 2 (NP2) but also for the neuropilin ligand vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Tenascin J1, an extracellular matrix molecule involved in axonal guidance, in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after a unilateral dorsal rhizotomy (DRT) or sciatic nerve transcetion (SNT). The studied survival times were 1-365 days. The different forms of mRNAs were unevenly distributed between the different size classes of sensory nerve cells. The results show that mRNA for SEMA3A was diminished after trauma to the sensory nerve roots in rats. The SEMA3A receptor NP1, and SEMA3F receptor NP2, was significantly upregulated in the DRG neurons after DRT and SNT. SEMA4F was upregulated after a SNT. The expression of mRNA for VEGF in DRG neurons after DRT showed a significant upregulation that was high even a year after the injuries. These data suggest a role for the semaphorins, neuropilins, VEGF, and J1 in the reactions after dorsal root lesions.
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- 2017
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108. Underkänd på psykoterapeututbildningen - En kvalitativ studie med två perspektiv på handledningsprocessen
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Aluan, Magdalena, Larsson Sköld, Mattias, Aluan, Magdalena, and Larsson Sköld, Mattias
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- 2017
109. Ekologiska effekter av fiskefria områden i Sveriges kust- och havsområden
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Bergström, Ulf, Sköld, Mattias, Wennhage, Håkan, and Wikström, Andreas
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Ecology ,Fish and Aquacultural Science - Abstract
Denna rapport beskriver de ekologiska effekterna av fiskefria områden i svenska kust- och havsområden. År 2005 fick dåvarande Fiskeriverket, numera Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, i uppdrag att införa och utvärdera effekterna av fiskefria områden. Fem fiskefria områden bildades 2009-2011 och utvecklingen av fiskbestånd, i vissa fall även andra delar av ekosystemen, har följts till och med 2015. Rapporten fokuserar på de delar av regeringsuppdraget som syftar till att utvärdera de biologiska effekterna av fiskefria områden samt att bedöma fiskets påverkan på fiskbestånd och ekosystem. När områdena inrättats 2011 utgjorde de svenska fiskefria områdena, inklusive de som fanns sedan tidigare, nästan 1200 km2. Detta motsvarar mindre än 1 % av de svenska havsområdena, men samtidigt två tredjedelar av den totala ytan fiskefria områden i hela Europa. Detta innebär att det svenska arbetet med utvärderingar av fiskefria områden är av stort intresse även internationellt sett. De områden och målarter som ingått i utvärderingen är: · Sik i Bottenhavet · Gös, gädda och abborre i Stockholms skärgård · Torsk i Kattegatt · Hummer och rovfisk i Göteborgs skärgård · Torsk, piggvar och rödspotta i fjordsystemet innanför Orust och Tjörn Effekterna av dessa fiskefria områden beskrivs detaljerat i varsin delrapport. Generellt har en tydlig återhämtning hos målarterna skett. Antalet individer och storleken på fisken har ökat i de fiskefria områdena i förhållande till referensområden där fiske fortsatt varit tillåtet. Resultaten visar att fisket på de aktuella bestånden tidigare varit av sådan omfattning att det påverkat både beståndsstorlek och storleksstruktur. De positiva effekterna ses både för bestånd där yrkesfisket stått för merparten av fångsterna, exempelvis torsk i Kattegatt, och för kustarter där fritidsfisket dominerat fångsterna, som till exempel sik i Bottenhavet, gös i Stockholms skärgård och hummer i Göteborgs skärgård. Trots den korta utvärderingsperioden på ca 5 år har alltså bestånden svarat med tydliga ökningar, vilket visar att fiskefria områden är en effektiv åtgärd för att snabbt stärka försvagade bestånd. I ett av de undersökta områdena, Havstensfjorden, har däremot inga positiva effekter kunnat påvisas hittills. Sannolikt har de lokala bestånden av främst torsk och rödspotta i detta område befunnit sig på en så låg nivå före fredningen att de varit rekryteringsöverfiskade. Det kan därmed ta lång tid för dessa bestånd att återhämta sig. Även effekter på fisksamhällena som helhet och på bottenfauna har kunnat konstateras i de fiskefria områden där dessa delar av ekosystemet undersökts. Troligen beror förändringarna på en kombination av direkta effekter på målarterna och bifångstarter genom att fisket upphört, samt på indirekta effekter genom en ökad predation från stor rovfisk och hummer på bytesarter. Genom att mängden rovfiskar ökar bidrar fiskefria områden till att återställa ekosystemfunktioner, och kan exempelvis motverka massförekomster av snabbväxande alger, och de problem dessa förorsakar, genom så kallade trofiska kaskader. Ytterligare en effekt av fiskeförbud är att den fysiska störningen av bottendjurssamhällen från bottentrålning minskar och att arter som är känsliga för fysisk påverkan därmed gynnas. I de flesta fall har införandet av de fiskefria områdena sannolikt lett till ett minskat fiske snarare än en förflyttning av fisket till angränsande områden. I Kattegatt var syftet med det fiskefria området och buffertzonerna att flytta det oselektiva blandfisket med bottentrål efter havskräfta och plattfisk till områden där risken att fånga vuxen lekmogen torsk var lägre. Blandfiskena efter havskräfta och plattfisk har kunnat ta upp sina kvoter och kunnat fortgå i buffertområdena efter lekperioden och utanför det fiskefria området, men nu med minskade oavsiktliga fångster av vuxen torsk. I rapporten sammanfattas även det internationella kunskapsläget angående fiskefria områden, liksom resultaten från fyra tidigare studerade svenska fiskefria områden. Effekterna i de tidigare undersökta svenska områdena överensstämmer i stort med de som påvisats i de nu aktuella studierna, med positiva effekter på beståndstäthet och storleksstruktur samt en påföljande ökning i reproduktionspotential. Resultaten är även i linje med internationella studier när det gäller effekter på fiskbestånd. För de svenska fiskefria områdena råder däremot brist på direkta studier av ekosystemeffekter av stängningarna. Det finns emellertid kunskap från andra forskningsprojekt i svenska vatten som visar på kopplingen mellan rovfiskbestånd och ekosystemens funktion, framför allt genom trofiska kaskader. Nettoeffekterna av fiskefria områden för fisket är ofta svåra att bedöma. I och med att fiskarna blir fler och större inom de fiskefria områdena ökar även reproduktionen, vilket kan ge positiva effekter på bestånden utanför de stängda områdena genom export av ägg och larver och migration av äldre fisk. Storleken på sådana spilleffekter är dock svår att mäta. Även om exporten av fisk från fiskefria områden inte alltid kan uppväga förlusten av fiskeområden för fisket, så kan de bidra med andra positiva effekter. Genom att en del av fiskbestånden undantas från fiske minskas risken för beståndskollaps till följd av i övrigt otillräckliga åtgärder inom fiskförvaltningen, och de fiskefria områdena fungerar därmed som en försäkring. Samtidigt kan fiskefria områden motverka den genetiska utarmning som kan ske genom ett selektivt fiske på snabbväxande och storvuxna individer, vilket på sikt annars kan leda till en minskad fiskresurs, liksom en lägre biologisk variation och resiliens mot andra förändringar i miljön. I Kattegatt har nettoeffekten av åtgärderna kunnat mätas. Effekten är positiv på beståndet som helhet, eftersom torsken visar tecken på återhämtning i hela havsområdet. Det fiskefria området har inte begränsat fångstuttaget av andra kvoterade arter än torsk. På sikt ger återhämtningen förutsättningar för ett ökat fiske av torsk, eftersom beståndet sprider sig utanför det fiskefria området efter lekperioden. Fiskefria områden kan om de är väl utformade ge positiva beståndseffekter och därmed komplettera andra regleringar inom fiskförvaltningen. I många fall kan goda resultat uppnås med mindre drastiska åtgärder, exempelvis genom redskaps- eller fångstbegränsningar i tid och rum. Denna utvärdering visar att fiskefria områden kan vara viktiga för förvaltning i synnerhet av blandfisken och fisken på lokala kustbestånd, samt för att motverka negativa effekter på ekosystemet av fiske. Marina skyddade områden där skydd av både fisk och deras livsmiljöer kombineras, är därför ett viktigt instrument för en ekosystembaserad förvaltning. Inom havsmiljöarbetet behövs fiskefria områden också som referensområden för att kunna sätta mål för den ekologiska statusen i kust- och havsmiljö och för att bättre förstå fiskets effekter på bestånd och ekosystem i relation till andra påverkansfaktorer.
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- 2016
110. MOESM3 of Population structure in Atlantic cod in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat: early life stage dispersal and adult migration
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André, Carl, Svedäng, Henrik, Knutsen, Halvor, Dahle, Geir, Jonsson, Patrik, Anna-Karin Ring, Sköld, Mattias, and Jorde, Per
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Additional file 3: Table S2. Pairwise genetic differentiation (F ST) among adult and juvenile cod samples.
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- 2016
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111. Editorial: Karolinska Institutet 200-Year Anniversary Symposium on Injuries to the Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System—An Update on Recent Advances in Regenerative Neuroscience
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Sköld, Mattias K., primary and Fehlings, Michael G., additional
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- 2017
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112. Stable isotopes reveal the effect of trawl fisheries on the diet of commercially exploited species
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Hinz, Hilmar, primary, Moranta, Joan, additional, Balestrini, Stephen, additional, Sciberras, Marija, additional, Pantin, Julia R., additional, Monnington, James, additional, Zalewski, Alex, additional, Kaiser, Michel J., additional, Sköld, Mattias, additional, Jonsson, Patrik, additional, Bastardie, Francois, additional, and Hiddink, Jan Geert, additional
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- 2017
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113. Expression of Semaphorins, Neuropilins, VEGF, and Tenascins in Rat and Human Primary Sensory Neurons after a Dorsal Root Injury
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Lindholm, Tomas, primary, Risling, Mårten, additional, Carlstedt, Thomas, additional, Hammarberg, Henrik, additional, Wallquist, Wilhelm, additional, Cullheim, Staffan, additional, and Sköld, Mattias K., additional
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- 2017
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114. Cellular High-Energy Cavitation Trauma - Description of a Novel In Vitro Trauma Model in Three Different Cell Types
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Cao, Yuli, Risling, Marten, Malm, Elisabeth, Sonden, Anders, Bolling, Magnus Frödin, Sköld, Mattias K., Cao, Yuli, Risling, Marten, Malm, Elisabeth, Sonden, Anders, Bolling, Magnus Frödin, and Sköld, Mattias K.
- Abstract
The mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury have yet to be fully characterized. One mechanism that, especially in high-energy trauma, could be of importance is cavitation. Cavitation can be described as a process of vaporization, bubble generation, and bubble implosion as a result of a decrease and subsequent increase in pressure. Cavitation as an injury mechanism is difficult to visualize and model due to its short duration and limited spatial distribution. One strategy to analyze the cellular response of cavitation is to employ suitable in vitro models. The flyer-plate model is an in vitro high-energy trauma model that includes cavitation as a trauma mechanism. A copper fragment is accelerated by means of a laser, hits the bottom of a cell culture well causing cavitation, and shock waves inside the well and cell medium. We have found the flyer-plate model to be efficient, reproducible, and easy to control. In this study, we have used the model to analyze the cellular response to microcavitation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma, Caco-2, and C6 glioma cell lines. Mitotic activity in neuroblastoma and glioma was investigated with BrdU staining, and cell numbers were calculated using automated time-lapse imaging. We found variations between cell types and between different zones surrounding the lesion with these methods. It was also shown that the injured cell cultures released S-100B in a dose-dependent manner. Using gene expression microarray, a number of gene families of potential interest were found to be strongly, but differently regulated in neuroblastoma and glioma at 24 h post trauma. The data from the gene expression arrays may be used to identify new candidates for biomarkers in cavitation trauma. We conclude that our model is useful for studies of trauma in vitro and that it could be applied in future treatment studies.
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- 2016
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115. Editorial : When Physics Meets Biology; Biomechanics and Biology of traumatic Brain injury
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Agoston, Denes V., Sköld, Mattias K., Agoston, Denes V., and Sköld, Mattias K.
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- 2016
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116. Ventral root avulsion and replantation - description of different gene expression patterns in acute and delayed replantation
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Sköld, Mattias, Gunther, M., Sköld, Mattias, and Gunther, M.
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- 2016
117. Bottom trawling affects fish condition through changes in the ratio of prey availability to density of competitors
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Hiddink, Jan Geert, Moranta, Joan, Balestrini, Stephen, Sciberras, Marija, Cendrier, Marine, Bowyer, Rosie, Kaiser, M.J., Sköld, Mattias, Jonsson, Patrik, Bastardie, Francois, Hinz, Hilmar, Hiddink, Jan Geert, Moranta, Joan, Balestrini, Stephen, Sciberras, Marija, Cendrier, Marine, Bowyer, Rosie, Kaiser, M.J., Sköld, Mattias, Jonsson, Patrik, Bastardie, Francois, and Hinz, Hilmar
- Abstract
1. Bottom-trawl fisheries are widespread and cause mortality of benthic invertebrates, which in turn may lead to a decrease in the availability of prey for target fish species. Exploitation also reduces the abundance of the fish species themselves. Modelling studies have shown that bottom trawling could lead to both increases and decreases in fish production, but so far empirical evidence to test these ideas has been very limited. We hypothesize that the effect of bottom trawling on the food intake and condition of fish depends on how the ratio of prey to consumers changes with increasing fishing pressure. 2. We assessed the impact of bottom trawling on the food availability, condition and stomach contents of three flatfishes and the Norway lobster in an area in the Kattegat that is characterized by a steep commercial bottom-trawling gradient due to the establishment of an area closed to all fisheries, but otherwise has homogeneous environmental conditions. 3. For plaice, prey biomass initially decreased at a slower rate with trawling than the biomass of fish, and as a result, the amount of food available per plaice increased before decreasing at trawling frequencies >5 times year−1. This pattern was mirrored in both the condition and stomach contents of plaice and for long-rough dab. 4. No effect of trawling on dab prey and condition was found. Conversely, the condition of the main target species – Norway lobster – increased as its biomass decreased with increased trawling intensities. 5. Together, these results support the idea that when the abundance of the prey declines in response to exploitation, the ratio of the prey to consumer biomass will determine whether exploitation will result in an increase or a decrease in the food intake and condition of the predator. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that fish production may be maximized by keeping bottom-trawling intensities relatively low, although this may negatively affect the economically more
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- 2016
118. Shades of Africa : research on a changing continent
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Alfredsson, Henrik, Sköld, Mattias, Sävström, Johan, Alfredsson, Henrik, Sköld, Mattias, and Sävström, Johan
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- 2016
119. A correction to “Estimating seabed pressure from demersal trawls, seines and dredges based on gear design and dimensions”†
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Eigaard, Ole R., Bastardie, Francois, Breen, Mike, Dinesen, Grete E., Hintzen, Niels T., Laffargue, Pascal, Mortensen, Lars O., Rasmus Nielsen, J., Nilsson, Hans, O'neill, Finbarr G., Polet, Hans, Reid, David G., Sala, Antonello, Sköld, Mattias, Smith, Chris, Sørensen, Thomas K., Tully, Oliver, Zengin, Mustafa, Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D., Eigaard, Ole R., Bastardie, Francois, Breen, Mike, Dinesen, Grete E., Hintzen, Niels T., Laffargue, Pascal, Mortensen, Lars O., Rasmus Nielsen, J., Nilsson, Hans, O'neill, Finbarr G., Polet, Hans, Reid, David G., Sala, Antonello, Sköld, Mattias, Smith, Chris, Sørensen, Thomas K., Tully, Oliver, Zengin, Mustafa, and Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.
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- 2016
120. Estimating seabed pressure from demersal trawls, seines, and dredges based on gear design and dimensions
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Eigaard, Ole Ritzau, Bastardie, Francois, Breen, Mike, Dinesen, Grete E., Hintzen, Niels T., Lafargue, Pascal, Mortensen, Lars Olof, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Nilson, Hans C., O'Neil, Finbarr G., Polet, Hans, Reid, David G., Sala, Antonello, Sköld, Mattias, Smith, Chris, Sørensen, Thomas Kirk, Tully, Oliver, Zenging, Mustafa, Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D., Eigaard, Ole Ritzau, Bastardie, Francois, Breen, Mike, Dinesen, Grete E., Hintzen, Niels T., Lafargue, Pascal, Mortensen, Lars Olof, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Nilson, Hans C., O'Neil, Finbarr G., Polet, Hans, Reid, David G., Sala, Antonello, Sköld, Mattias, Smith, Chris, Sørensen, Thomas Kirk, Tully, Oliver, Zenging, Mustafa, and Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.
- Abstract
This study assesses the seabed pressure of towed fishing gears and models the physical impact (area and depth of seabed penetration) from trip-based information of vessel size, gear type, and catch. Traditionally fishing pressures are calculated top-down by making use of large-scale statistics such as logbook data. Here, we take a different approach starting from the gear itself (design and dimensions) to estimate the physical interactions with the seabed at the level of the individual fishing operation. We defined 14 distinct towed gear groups in European waters (eight otter trawl groups, three beam trawl groups, two demersal seine groups, and one dredge group), for which we established gear “footprints”. The footprint of a gear is defined as the relative contribution from individual larger gear components, such as trawl doors, sweeps, and groundgear, to the total area and severity of the gear's impact. An industry-based survey covering 13 countries provided the basis for estimating the relative impact-area contributions from individual gear components, whereas sediment penetration was estimated based on a literature review. For each gear group, a vessel size–gear size relationship was estimated to enable the prediction of gear footprint area and sediment penetration from vessel size. Application of these relationships with average vessel sizes and towing speeds provided hourly swept-area estimates by métier. Scottish seining has the largest overall gear footprint of ∼1.6 km2 h−1 of which 0.08 km2 has an impact at the subsurface level (sediment penetration ≥ 2 cm). Beam trawling for flatfish ranks low when comparing overall footprint size/hour but ranks substantially higher when comparing only impact at the subsurface level (0.19 km2h−1). These results have substantial implications for the definition, estimation, and monitoring of fishing pressure indicators, which are discussed in the context of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management
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- 2016
121. Report on options for mitigation fishing impacts in regional seas
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Sala Antonello, Bastardie Francois, De Carlo F., Dinesen Grete E., Eigaard Ole, Feekings J.P., Frandsen R.F., Jonsson P., Krag L.A., Pascal Laffargue, Magnusson M., Rasmus, Nielsen J., Notti Emilio, Papadoupoulou Nadia, Polet Hans, Rijnsdorp A. D., Sköld Mattias, Smith Chris, Van Marlen B., Virgili Massimo, and Zengin Mustafa
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- 2014
122. New policies may call for new approaches: the case of the Swedish Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fisheries in the Kattegat and Skagerrak
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Hornborg, Sara, primary, Jonsson, Patrik, additional, Sköld, Mattias, additional, Ulmestrand, Mats, additional, Valentinsson, Daniel, additional, Ritzau Eigaard, Ole, additional, Feekings, Jordan, additional, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, additional, Bastardie, Francois, additional, and Lövgren, Johan, additional
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- 2016
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123. A correction to “Estimating seabed pressure from demersal trawls, seines and dredges based on gear design and dimensions”†
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Eigaard, Ole R., primary, Bastardie, Francois, additional, Breen, Mike, additional, Dinesen, Grete E., additional, Hintzen, Niels T., additional, Laffargue, Pascal, additional, Mortensen, Lars O., additional, Rasmus Nielsen, J., additional, Nilsson, Hans, additional, O'Neill, Finbarr G., additional, Polet, Hans, additional, Reid, David G., additional, Sala, Antonello, additional, Sköld, Mattias, additional, Smith, Chris, additional, Sørensen, Thomas K., additional, Tully, Oliver, additional, Zengin, Mustafa, additional, and Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D., additional
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- 2016
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124. Editorial: When Physics Meets Biology; Biomechanics and Biology of Traumatic Brain Injury
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Agoston, Denes V., primary and Sköld, Mattias K., additional
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- 2016
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125. Population structure in Atlantic cod in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat: early life stage dispersal and adult migration
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André, Carl, primary, Svedäng, Henrik, additional, Knutsen, Halvor, additional, Dahle, Geir, additional, Jonsson, Patrik, additional, Ring, Anna-Karin, additional, Sköld, Mattias, additional, and Jorde, Per Erik, additional
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- 2016
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126. Cellular High-Energy Cavitation Trauma – Description of a Novel In Vitro Trauma Model in Three Different Cell Types
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Cao, Yuli, primary, Risling, Mårten, additional, Malm, Elisabeth, additional, Sondén, Anders, additional, Bolling, Magnus Frödin, additional, and Sköld, Mattias K., additional
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- 2016
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127. New policies will require new approaches: the case of the Swedish Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fisheries in the Kattegat and Skagerrak
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Hornborg, Sara, Ulmestrand, Mats, Sköld, Mattias, Jonsson, Patrik, Eigaard, Ole Ritzau, Feekings, Jordan P., Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Bastardie, Francois, Lövgren, Johan, Hornborg, Sara, Ulmestrand, Mats, Sköld, Mattias, Jonsson, Patrik, Eigaard, Ole Ritzau, Feekings, Jordan P., Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Bastardie, Francois, and Lövgren, Johan
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- 2015
128. Estimating seabed pressure from demersal trawls, seines, and dredges based on gear design and dimensions
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Eigaard, Ole R., primary, Bastardie, Francois, additional, Breen, Mike, additional, Dinesen, Grete E., additional, Hintzen, Niels T., additional, Laffargue, Pascal, additional, Mortensen, Lars O., additional, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, additional, Nilsson, Hans C., additional, O’Neill, Finbarr G., additional, Polet, Hans, additional, Reid, David G., additional, Sala, Antonello, additional, Sköld, Mattias, additional, Smith, Chris, additional, Sørensen, Thomas K., additional, Tully, Oliver, additional, Zengin, Mustafa, additional, and Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. Marine Strategy Framework Directive – Task Group 6 Report Seafloor integrity
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Rice, Jake, Arvaniditis, Christos, Borja, Angel, Frid, Chris, Hiddink, Jan, Krause, Jochen, Lorance, Pascal, Ragnarsson, Stefan Aki, Sköld, Mattias, and Trabucco, Benedetta
- Abstract
1. CONCEPTS "Sea-floor integrity is at a level that ensures that the structure and functions of the ecosystems are safeguarded and benthic ecosystems, in particular, are not adversely affected." "Sea Floor" includes both the physical structure and biotic composition of the benthic community. "ntegrity"includes the characteristic functioning of atural ecosystem processes and spatial connectedness. There are no points of significant disagreement among experts regarding key terms or what constitutes gradients of degradation in environmental status. However serious problems of sampling and measurement and high scientific uncertainty about aspects of benthic ecology and tolerances of benthic ecosystems to perturbations pose challenges to application of "good environmental status". Sound assessments of GES are possible, but they will have to integrate results from local scales where both natural benthic ecosystems and pressures may be very patchy, to much larger regional and subregional scales. Many common uses of the sea necessarily impact the sea floor and benthic communities. "Good environmental status" of the seafloor requires that diversity and productivity are maintained and the uses do not cause serious adverse impacts to the natural ecosystem structure and functioning in both space and time. The pressures associated with those uses do not hinder the ecosystem components to retain their natural diversity, productivity and dynamic ecological processes. Perturbations due to use should be small enough that recovery is rapid and secure if a use ceases. Many benthic areas do not meet these standards and management must improve status. Scale for assessing GES of the sea floor is particularly challenging for four reasons. First, benthic ecosystem features are patchy on many scales. Second, a wide range of human activities cause pressures on the sea floor, and they usually operate at patchy spatial scales. Third, although initial impacts of human activities are often local and patchy their direct and indirect ecological consequences may be transported widely by physical and biotic processes. Fourth, all monitoring of the seafloor is also patchy and often local. In all evaluations of impacts the scale of the impact relative to the availability of the ecosystem properties being impacted is an important consideration. To deal with these challenges, the measurement of GES for seafloor integrity has three steps. First: identify the ecological structures and functions of particular importance. Second: identify the human pressures known or likely to reach levels that degrade environmental status. Third, for the ecosystem components and pressures identified as being of greatest importance, use a suite of appropriate Attributes and Indicators to assess status relative to pre-identified standards for GES, along gradients reflecting meaningful scales of the seafloor attributes and pressures. The standards for GES on various Indicators must reflect the different sensitivity and resilience of the Indicators and their functions in ecosystem processes. Risk-based approaches to monitoring and assessment are proposed to deal with the local-scale patchiness of seafloor Attributes, pressures, and impacts. 2. ATTRIBUTES Substrate: The physical properties of the seabed such as grain size, porosity, rugosity, solidity, topography and geometric organization (e.g three-dimensional habitats). Substrate is a driver of patterns in diversity, function and integrity of benthic communities. Together with hydrodynamics, it is a main factor structuring benthic habitats. Four types of Substrate are considered separately, both because they contribute differently to ecosystem processes and they are affected differently by diverse pressures: soft sediments, gravels, hard substrates, and biogenic substrates. Indirect Indicators of functions are often more practical to use in assessing GES than Indicators of substrate itself. Bioengineers: Organisms that change the structure of the seafloor environment in ways not done by geophysical processes alone, by reworking the substrate or by providing structures that are used by other species. Bioengineers may serve functions such as providing shelter from predation or substrate for other organisms, reworking of sediments, transporting interstitial porewater, and facilitating material exchange at the sediment-water interface. Bioengineers are sensitive to may pressures, but often prove difficult to monitor directly. Indirect indicators of the functions they serve or indicators from mapping the pressures on bioengineers are often practical alternatives for assessing GES. Oxygen: Concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bottom water and/or in the upper sediment layer of the seafloor. Decreasing oxygen supply of bottom water and/or the upper sediment results in significant changes of the benthic communities and can lead to mass mortality. Oxygen depletion is particularly associated with excessive nutrient and organic enrichment of the seafloor. Important indicators for Oxygen concentration include abundance of organisms sensitive or tolerant to oxygen level and the spatial distribution of oxygen/hydrogen sulphide concentrations conducted in critical regions and in critical seasons. Contaminants and Hazardous Substances: Guidance on including these substances in assessments of GES is presented in the Report of TG-8. Particular attention should be given to applying that guidance for seafloor communities and habitats. Sediments may be repositories for many of the more toxic chemicals that are introduced into water bodies. Contaminated sediments represent a hazard to aquatic life through direct toxicity as well as through bioaccumulation in the food web. Species Composition: The list of species present in an area, their abundances, and/or their evolutionary and ecological relationships, including their pattern of occurrence in space and time. Species composition captures information on the biological diversity, structure, and dynamics of communities. It represents a fundamentally valued feature of ecosystem‘s potential to function well, to resist potential threats, and be resilient. Of the large number of indicators of species composition, those focusing on diversity among samples (space or time) and measures of species/area relationships may be most useful. These must be applied on local scales to account for natural scales of community structure and pressures on them. Size Composition: Abundance or biomass of individuals of different sizes in the community, with "Size" either continuous or as categories. The size composition of a community integrates information of about productivity, mortality rate, and life histories of the full community. Indicators include the proportion of numbers (or biomass) above some specified length, parameters (slope and intercept) of the "size spectrum" of the aggregate size composition data, and shape of a cumulative abundance curve of numbers of individuals by size group. Trophodynamics: A complex attribute with many subcomponents. Key ones include Primary and Secondary Production, Carrying Capacity, Energy Flows, and Food Web Relationships. TG 4, on Food webs deals thoroughly with primary production, energy, flow and food webs. When evaluating Seafloor Integrity it is important to follow the expert guidance from TG 4 in the specific context of the benthic community, its food web relations, and benthic-pelagic relationships. Secondary Production and Carrying Capacity are also important to Seafloor Integrity but at this time there are no practical indicators for their assessment. Life History Traits: Life History Traits are the categorisation of characteristics of the life cycle that species can exhibit, i.e. growth rates, age or size or maturation, fecundity and the seasonality of life history features such as reproduction. Various combinations of these traits lead to species differing in their natural productivity, natural mortality, colonization rates, etc. They are important to GES as they reflect the status of ecosystem functioning. Their changes are direct measures of the condition of the biota, or may uncover problems not apparent with other Attributes, and provide measurements of the progress of restoration efforts. Many synthetic indices based on representation of species with different sensitivities and tolerances for general or species pressures have been used. 3. COMBINING INDICATORS Because of the patchiness of seafloor attributes, pressures and impacts on many scales, the optimal suites of Indicators and their reference levels will differ on all but local scales. This means that monitoring must be adapted to local conditions, and expanded for the seafloor – both in terms of area covered and types of attributes measured. It also means that no single algorithm for combining Indicator values will be appropriate for evaluating GES or providing a meaningful "index" of GES for Seafloor Integrity. It may be possible to conduct such analytical syntheses of Indicators for individual Attributes on local scales. However across Attributes and on even moderate scales expert assessments rather than algorithmic formulae will be needed for evaluation of GES of Seafloor Integrity.
- Published
- 2010
130. Please mind the gap – an update on experimental CNS-PNS bridging efforts in ventral spinal cord
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K. Sköld Mattias
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Bridging (networking) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,business ,Spinal cord ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2010
131. Marine Strategy Framework Directive - Task Group 6 Seafloor integrity
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RICE Jake, ARVANITIDIS Christos, BORJA Angel, FRID Chris, HIDDINK Jan, KRAUSE Jochen, LORANCE Pascal, RAGNARSSON Stefán Áki, SKÖLD Mattias, TRABUCCO Benedetta, and PIHA HENNA EMILIA
- Abstract
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) requires that the European Commission (by 15 July 2010) should lay down criteria and methodological standards to allow consistency in approach in evaluating the extent to which Good Environmental Status (GES) is being achieved. ICES and JRC were contracted to provide scientific support for the Commission in meeting this obligation. A total of 10 reports have been prepared relating to the descriptors of GES listed in Annex I of the Directive. Eight reports have been prepared by groups of independent experts coordinated by JRC and ICES in response to this contract. In addition, reports for two descriptors (Contaminants in fish and other seafood and Marine Litter) were written by expert groups coordinated by DG SANCO and IFREMER respectively. A Task Group was established for each of the qualitative Descriptors. Each Task Group consisted of selected experts providing experience related to the four marine regions (the Baltic Sea, the North-east Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea) and an appropriate scope of relevant scientific expertise. Observers from the Regional Seas Conventions were also invited to each Task Group to help ensure the inclusion of relevant work by those Conventions. This is the report of Task Group 6 Seafloor Integrity., JRC.DDG.H.5-Rural, water and ecosystem resources
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- 2010
132. Hypothermia and in Vitro High-Energy Trauma
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Cao, Y., Sköld, Mattias K., Malm, E., Sonden, A., Risling, M., Cao, Y., Sköld, Mattias K., Malm, E., Sonden, A., and Risling, M.
- Published
- 2014
133. Report on options for mitigation fishing impacts in regional seas
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Sala, Antonello, Bastardie, Francois, De Carlo, F., Dinesen, Grete E., Eigaard, Ole, Feekings, J.p., Frandsen, R.f., Jonsson, P., Krag, L.a., Laffargue, Pascal, Magnusson, M., Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Notti, Emilio, Papadoupoulou, Nadia, Polet, Hans, Rijnsdorp, A. D., Sköld, Mattias, Smith, Chris, Van Marlen, B., Virgili, Massimo, Zengin, Mustafa, Sala, Antonello, Bastardie, Francois, De Carlo, F., Dinesen, Grete E., Eigaard, Ole, Feekings, J.p., Frandsen, R.f., Jonsson, P., Krag, L.a., Laffargue, Pascal, Magnusson, M., Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Notti, Emilio, Papadoupoulou, Nadia, Polet, Hans, Rijnsdorp, A. D., Sköld, Mattias, Smith, Chris, Van Marlen, B., Virgili, Massimo, and Zengin, Mustafa
- Published
- 2014
134. 'En liten bok om naturen' : - Arbete med illustrationer och layout till informationsmaterial om naturen för barn
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Visselgren, Hedvig and Sköld, Mattias
- Published
- 2008
135. New policies may call for new approaches: the case of the Swedish Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fisheries in the Kattegat and Skagerrak.
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Hornborg, Sara, Jonsson, Patrik, Sköld, Mattias, Ulmestrand, Mats, Valentinsson, Daniel, Eigaard, Ole Ritzau, Feekings, Jordan, Nielsen, J. Rasmus, Bastardie, Francois, and Lövgren, Johan
- Subjects
NORWAY lobster ,FISHERY policy ,FISHERY management ,TRAWLING ,NEPHROPS - Abstract
The European Common Fisheries Policy has in its 2013 reform increased in complexity, such as a call for coherence with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and a landing obligation, posing new requirements and challenges to managers, scientists and the fishing industry. Therefore, re-evaluations of current practice are important as a basis for management actions. The Swedish fishery for Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in the Kattegat-Skagerrak area provides an interesting case study of relevance to emerging policies. Sprung from an unbalance in available fish- and Nephrops quotas and an ambition to protect coastal areas, the current fishery has been directed towards three separate fisheries (mixed trawling, directed trawling using a sorting grid and creeling). Studying direct and indirect effects from alternative Swedish quota allocations among gear types is therefore interesting. Accordingly, a screening study was conducted, taking into consideration area-gear interactions in catch rates, to compare the three different fisheries regarding quantified pressures on the target species, the by-catch species, and on the seafloor, as well as to qualitatively discuss social and economic dimensions. In the next step, alternative quota allocations were studied. In Swedish fisheries, we show that creeling offers a substantial reduction of fishing mortality of both undersized Nephrops and fish and a reduced seafloor pressure per landed kilo of Nephrops. Given that the fishing areas in many cases may be interchangeable between gears, allocating a larger quota share to creels in the Swedish fishery would therefore contribute to the integration of fisheries- and environmental management as called for in the new policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Environmental status of the european seas
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Frid, Chris, Hammer, Cornelius, Law, Robin, Loeng, Harald, Pawlak, Janet F., Reid, Philip C., Tasker, Mark, Carlberg, Stig, Jakobsen, Tore Jakobsen, Rice, Jake Rice, Skjoldal, Hein Rune, Andrulewicz, Eugene, Bodoy, Alain, Calabrese, Anthony, Caspersen, Ove, Daan, Niels, Dahlin, Hans, Ehrich, Siegfried, Gentien, Patrick, Keizer, Paul, Leppänen, Juha-markku, Lima, Carmen, Margonski, Piotr, Noji, Tom, Nunes, Teresa, Rugg, Dornford, and Sköld, Mattias
- Published
- 2003
137. När skatteflyktslagen tillämpas på förfaranden som omfattas av skatteavtal
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Sköld, Mattias and Sköld, Mattias
- Abstract
Det grundläggande syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera tillämpningen och tolkningen av skatteflyktslagen på förfaranden som omfattas av skatteavtal. HFD har inte prövat frågan utan endast uttalat att lagen principiellt kan tillämpas om den gemensamma partsavsikten i det aktuella skatteavtalet inte hindrar det. Däremot har skatteflyktslagens tillämpning på s.k. Peru-upplägg prövats i kammarrätterna. Mot bakgrund av detta är det centrala i uppsatsen att analysera och redogöra för kammarrätternas praxis på området. I uppsatsen delar jag in kammarrätternas avgöranden i tre kategorier. I den första kategorin återfinns domar där domstolen ansåg att förfarandet inte stred mot syftet med lagstiftningen och att skatteflyktslagen därmed inte var tillämplig. Utgången motiverades med att skatteavtalet mellan Sverige och Peru saknade ett syfte att motverka skatteflykt. Den andra kategorin består av mål i vilka skatteflyktslagen ansågs hindra förfarandet. I domskälen framfördes bl.a. att avtalet missbrukats genom transaktionerna och att det knappast kan ha varit tänkt att avtalet skulle leda till dylika konstruktioner. Den sista kategorin utgörs av domar som följer HFD:s avgörande i HFD 2012 ref. 20. I enlighet med HFD:s prejudikat konstaterades i kammarrättsdomarna att skatteavtalet inte begränsade Sveriges rätt att beskatta inkomsten. Förfarandet prövades därför inte mot skatteflyktslagen. Vidare behandlas i uppsatsen frågor som uppkommer i samband med att lagen tillämpas på förfaranden som omfattas av skatteavtal. Bl.a. ger jag exempel ur HFD:s praxis som kan bidra till förståelsen för lagens tillämpning på detta område. Exemplen kretsar framför allt kring HFD:s bedömningar av lagstiftningens syfte, lagstiftarens passivitet och förfarandets sammanhållning i tiden. I uppsatsen ställer jag vidare frågan huruvida tillämpningen av ett skatteavtal kan leda till att en skatteförmån uppkommer i skatteflyktslagens mening. Utifrån förarbeten och HFD:s praxis är min uppfattning att det, The objective of this thesis is to analyse the interpretation and application of the Swedish General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR – Sw. lag (1995:575) mot skatteflykt) to transactions involving tax treaties. The Swedish Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) has not ruled on the issue. However, the SAC has declared that the GAAR, in principle, can be applied to such transactions if the common intention of the parties does not prevent the application. The Swedish Administrative Courts of Appeal have decided a number of cases concerning the application of the GAAR to so-called Peru-structures. The main focus of the thesis is therefore to analyse and report on these judgments of the Swedish Administrative Courts of Appeal. The judgments are divided into three categories. The first category consists of cases in which the GAAR did not prevent the transactions. The court concluded that the transactions were not contrary to the purpose of the legislation since the tax treaty between Sweden and Peru lacked a purpose to prevent tax avoidance. The second category contains judgments where all the prerequisites of the GAAR were met. In the reasoning the court put forward that the transactions constituted an abuse of the tax treaty and that it hardly was the intention of the parties to favour such structures. The last category consists of judgments that follow the SAC’s ruling in the case HFD 2012 ref. 20. In accordance with the precedent, the court found that the tax treaty did not limit Sweden’s right to tax the income. Accordingly the court did not examine the application of the GAAR. Furthermore, the thesis gives examples from SAC case law to deepen the understanding for situations where the GAAR is applied to transactions involving tax treaties. These examples mainly concern judgments regarding the purpose of the legislation, the legislature’s failure to act and transactions’ cohesion in time. The thesis also discusses whether a difference in taxation between two countries can res
- Published
- 2013
138. Biologisk mångfald och fiske (27c) i Västra Götaland: en underlagsrapport till miljökvalitetsmålet Hav i balans samt levande kust och skärgård
- Author
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Norling, Karl and Sköld, Mattias
- Subjects
Marin miljö ,Havsstrand ,Biologisk mångfald och Fiske ,en underlagsrapport till miljökvalitetsmålet Hav i balans samt levande kust och skärgård [Biologisk mångfald och fiske i Västra Götaland] ,Västra Götalands län ,Vattenkvalitet i vattendrag ,freshwater ,Västra Götaland ,Fiskar ,coastandsea - Abstract
Riksdagens miljökvalitetsmål Hav i balans samt levande kust och skärgård innebär att: ”Västerhavet och Östersjön skall ha en långsiktigt hållbar produktionsförmåga och den biologiska mångfalden skall bevaras. Kust och skärgård skall ha en hög grad av biologisk mångfald, upplevelsevärden samt natur och kulturvärden. Näringar, rekreation och annat nyttjande av hav, kust och skärgård skall bedrivas så att en hållbar utveckling främjas. Särskilt värdefulla områden skall skyddas mot ingrepp och andra störningar.” Syftet med denna rapport är att ge en bakgrund och kunskapssammanställning om de delar av miljökvalitetsmålet som berör biologisk mångfald och fiske i Västra Götalands län. Den naturligt höga salthalten och stor variation i livsmiljöer medför att havsområdet i Västra Götaland är artrikast i Sverige. Förutsättningarna för fisket är också gynnsamma och produktionen av fisk och ryggradslösa djur i Skagerraks grunda områden är hög jämfört med övriga Europa. Havet har därför alltid varit en viktig resurs och inkomstkälla för människan i Västra Götaland men det har också inneburit att vi har påverkat havet genom fiske, jakt, exploatering av stränder och som mottagare av utsläpp sedan lång tid tillbaka. Trots att kunskapen om den biologiska mångfalden i havet är begränsad så är flera arter så allvarligt hotade att de är upptagna på rödlistor och i olika internationella överenskommelser där Sverige åtagit sig att skydda och bevara dessa arter. Sammanfattningsvis har ArtDatabanken pekat ut flera marina arter som behöver särskilda insatser och av dessa finns de flesta huvudsakligen i Västra Götaland t.ex. slätrocka, snäckor och ormstjärnor. En av förutsättningarna för arternas välbefinnande är kvaliteten och utbredningen av deras livsmiljöer. Marina naturtyper som visat på tillbakagång har listats av EG i det så kallade habitatdirektivet och omfattar bl.a. rev, estuarier (älvmynningar), sandbankar samt grunda vikar och sund. Utbredningen av ålgräsängar är på tillbakagång. Under år 2000 genomfördes en undersökning som visade att ålgräsängarnas arealer i fem av länets kustkommuner har halverats sedan 1980-talet. I grunda vikar har tillväxten av fintrådiga alger ökat vilket leder till att vegetationen förändras och att tidigare bara sandbottnar nu täcks av algmattor under sommaren. I vissa områden längs kusten, särskilt i bottenvattnet i de inre fjordarna råder periodvis också syrebrist som kan leda till förändrad artsammansättning och bottendöd. Minskad biologisk mångfald i Västra Götaland har flera orsaker t.ex. exploatering av känsliga områden, fiske som bedrivs med för känsliga bottnar skadliga metoder, överfiske, bifångster av känsliga arter, samt övergödning och miljögifter (behandlas inte i denna rapport, se miljökvalitetsmålen ”Ingen övergödning” och ”Giftfri miljö”). De flesta bestånd av bottenlevande kommersiella fiskarter, t.ex. torsk, kummel, vitling, kolja och rödspätta är för hårt exploaterade och/eller har för låg andel könsmogen fisk och är allvarligt hotade. För ett antal viktiga fiskebestånd saknas kunskap om beståndens status, t.ex. bleka, havskatt och pigghaj. Utfiskade bestånd är inte unikt för Västra Götaland, samma situation råder i angränsande områden i hela den Europeiska gemenskapen. Fisken känner inga gränser och flera av bestånden rör sig över stora havsområden under delar av sina liv. Orsakerna till de sviktande fiskbestånden är liksom för den biologiska mångfalden flera, men det viktigaste är ett för hårt riktat fisketryck och oselektivt fiske med stora bifångster både inom länets havsområde och i övriga delar av Kattegatt, Skagerrak och Nordsjön. Riksdagen har beslutat om delmål som anger inriktning och tidsperspektiv för det fortsatta konkreta miljömålsarbetet. Delmålen har regionaliserats för länet och efterföljande text är sammanfattningar av de fyra delmål som diskuteras i denna rapport. Skydd av marina områden (delmål 1): Marina skyddsområden är ett viktigt verktyg för bevarandet av mångfald och kan också gynna fisket genom export av fisk och larver till omgivningen. Kunskapen om länets havsområde är relativt god nära kusten, men i de öppna havsområdena saknas kunskap om bottnarnas livsmiljöer och skyddet är i princip obefintligt utanför trålgränsen. För att nå detta delmål krävs det att fiskarena, Fiskeriverket och Länsstyrelsen samarbetar för att förbättra kunskapen, skydda den biologiska mångfalden och gynna fiskresursen särskilt i länets yttre havsområde. Regionala inventeringsrapporter import från MDP 2015-05
- Published
- 2002
139. Africa's changing societies : Reform from below
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Lorentz, Lina, Sköld, Mattias, Lorentz, Lina, and Sköld, Mattias
- Abstract
In NAIs Annual Report 2011 you can read about how military structures lingers in Liberia, about the global rush for land, the importance of understanding local farming techniques, about how African cities drive change, and much more.
- Published
- 2012
140. Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- Author
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Andersson, Magnus, Appelberg, Magnus, Axenrot, Thomas, Bartolino, Valerio, Beier, Ulrika, Bergenius, Mikaela, Bergström, Lena, Bergström, Ulf, Boström, Maria, Cardinale, Massimiliano, Casini, Michele, Degerman, Erik, Dannewitz, Johan, Edsman, Lennart, Florin, Ann-Britt, Gebel, Frida, Gårdmark, Anna, Hammar, Johan, Karlsson, Martin, Königson, Sara, Lingman, Anna, Lundström, Karl, Lunneryd, Sven-Gunnar, Mo, Kerstin, Ovegård, Mikael, Palm, Stefan, Petersson, Erik, Ragnarsson Stabo, Henrik, Sandström, Alfred, Sjöstrand, Bengt, Sköld, Mattias, Svedäng, Henrik, Werner, Malin, Westerberg, Håkan, Wickström, Håkan, Lettevall, Erland, Andersson, Magnus, Appelberg, Magnus, Axenrot, Thomas, Bartolino, Valerio, Beier, Ulrika, Bergenius, Mikaela, Bergström, Lena, Bergström, Ulf, Boström, Maria, Cardinale, Massimiliano, Casini, Michele, Degerman, Erik, Dannewitz, Johan, Edsman, Lennart, Florin, Ann-Britt, Gebel, Frida, Gårdmark, Anna, Hammar, Johan, Karlsson, Martin, Königson, Sara, Lingman, Anna, Lundström, Karl, Lunneryd, Sven-Gunnar, Mo, Kerstin, Ovegård, Mikael, Palm, Stefan, Petersson, Erik, Ragnarsson Stabo, Henrik, Sandström, Alfred, Sjöstrand, Bengt, Sköld, Mattias, Svedäng, Henrik, Werner, Malin, Westerberg, Håkan, Wickström, Håkan, and Lettevall, Erland
- Abstract
Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön. Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
- Published
- 2012
141. On acute gene expression changes after ventral root replantation.
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Risling, Marten, Ochsman, Thomas, Carlstedt, Thomas, Lindå, Hans, Plantman, Stefan, Rostami, Elham, Angeria, Maria, Sköld, Mattias K, Risling, Marten, Ochsman, Thomas, Carlstedt, Thomas, Lindå, Hans, Plantman, Stefan, Rostami, Elham, Angeria, Maria, and Sköld, Mattias K
- Abstract
Replantation of avulsed spinal ventral roots has been show to enable significant and useful regrowth of motor axons in both experimental animals and in human clinical cases, making up an interesting exception to the rule of unsuccessful neuronal regeneration in central nervous system. Compared to avulsion without repair, ventral root replantation seems to rescue lesioned motoneurons from death. In this study we have analyzed the acute response to ventral root avulsion and replantation in adult rats with gene arrays combined with cluster analysis of gene ontology search terms. The data show significant differences between rats subjected to ventral replantation compared to avulsion only. Even though number of genes related to cell death is similar in the two models after 24 h, we observed a significantly larger number of genes related to neurite growth and development in the rats treated with ventral root replantation, possibly reflecting the neuroregenerative capacity in the replantation model. In addition, an acute inflammatory response was observed after avulsion, while effects on genes related to synaptic transmission were much more pronounced after replantation than after avulsion alone. These data indicate that the axonal regenerative response from replantation is initiated at an earlier stage than the possible differences in terms of neuron survival. We conclude that this type of analysis may facilitate the comparison of the acute response in two types of injury.
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
142. The rise of africa : Miracle or mirage?
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Lorentz, Lina, Sköld, Mattias, Lorentz, Lina, and Sköld, Mattias
- Abstract
The theme of NAI’s Annual Report 2010 reflects the impressive economic growth and encouraging political developments in many parts of the continent. However, in terms of democracy and human rights there are also worrying signs in several countries. The Annual Report offers a window on to NAI’s work. Drawing on their research, NAI scholars provide readers with engaging stories about the rapidly changing political, economic and social character of African societies., CONTENTS: RESEARCH AT THE NORDIC AFRICA INSTITUTE IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLUSTERS: GLOBALIZATION, CONFLICT, RURAL AND URBAN -- Continent of Complexity / Carin Norberg -- Globalization -- The dawn of an African Century “or another mirage?” / Fantu Cheru -- 5 Questions for Francis Matambalya -- Returning migrants and development: Contrasting policy and reality / Lisa Åkesson -- Conflict -- Are elections really enough? “The transition to democratic peace in west Africa” / CyrIl Obi -- 5 Questions for Tor Sellström -- Constitutional reform in Kenya: towards a new order? / Anders Sjögren -- Not enough to add women and stir / MarIa Eriksson Baaz -- Rural -- The one who has not eaten cannot pray “Tightroping between wordly and spiritual well-being in rural Cameroon” / Tea Virtanen -- Richness and poverty through rituals / Terje Oestigaard -- A delicate balance: Short-term gains or long-term food seCurity? / Eva Tobisson -- Hoes, tractors and information technologies / Caroline Wamala -- Urban -- Making Jew-man business “Filming post-war youth in Sierra Leone” / Mats Utas -- Monumental politics in Namibia / Andrew Byerley -- Beyond dysfunctionality: Recycling in Kaduna / Onyanta Adama-Ajonye -- 3 Questions for Jenny Cadstedt -- World Cup losers: The urban poor -- Africa has the floor -- Into my mind / Brian James -- Balancing the flow of information / Åsa Lund Moberg -- Open access is here to stay / Birgitta Hellmark Lindgren -- Beyond drops of water -- Reconnecting the Continent / Simone Noemdoe – NAI-FOI Lectures 2010 / Gunnar Sörbö -- Published by the institute in 2010 -- Externally published by staff -- The institute in the media -- Conferences and workshops -- Lectures and seminars -- Book launches -- 3 Questions for Mai Palmberg -- Programme and research council, staff and guests -- Scholarships -- Financial statement 2010
- Published
- 2011
143. Parametrisering av en monofonisk melodi : med analys baserad på cepstrogram
- Author
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Larsson Sköld, Mattias and Larsson Sköld, Mattias
- Abstract
Ett vanligt problem att lösa inom musik är transkribering av musik till noter. En algoritm för att transkribera monofoniska signaler till noter utvecklades.För att extrahera grundtonens läge användes en analys baserat på ett cepstrum. Cepstrumet används ofta vid extrahering av grundtoner hos röster.En träffsäkerhet på 99% för en manlig röstinspelning och 90% för en kvinlig uppnåddes. Resultatet blev noter som sedan kunde redigeras av en användare.
- Published
- 2011
144. Historical spatial baselines in conservation and management of marine resources
- Author
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Cardinale, Massimiliano, Bartolino, Valerio, Llope, Marcos, Maiorano, L., Sköld, Mattias, Jacob-Hågberg, J., Cardinale, Massimiliano, Bartolino, Valerio, Llope, Marcos, Maiorano, L., Sköld, Mattias, and Jacob-Hågberg, J.
- Abstract
Increased knowledge on the spatial distribution of marine resources is crucial for the implementation of a true ecosystem approach to management and the conservation of marine organisms. For exploited fish species characterized by aggregation behaviour during spawning time, the identification and tracking of spawning areas is essential for a correct assessment of their productivity and population abundance. To elucidate this concept, we reconstructed the spatio-temporal distribution of adult plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, Pleuronectidae) during spawning time along the 20th century. Historical data reveal that not only the abundance but also the former population richness was much higher than previously estimated and has declined because of protracted over-exploitation during the last 30 years. We conclude that forecast of stock recovery to former levels of abundance neglecting spatial reorganizations might be over-optimistic and shaded by a lost memory of the past population richness. These results reinforce the importance of managing exploited marine resources at a greater spatial resolution than has been carried out in the history of fishery management.
- Published
- 2011
145. Historical distribution (1901-2007) of Plaice in the Kattegat-Skagerrak and implications for stock management and conservation
- Author
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Cardinale, Massimiliano, Bartolino, Valerio, Llope, Marcos, Maiorano, L., Sköld, Mattias, Jacob-Hågberg, J., Cardinale, Massimiliano, Bartolino, Valerio, Llope, Marcos, Maiorano, L., Sköld, Mattias, and Jacob-Hågberg, J.
- Published
- 2009
146. Using Vessel Monitoring System Data to Improve Systematic Conservation Planning of a Multiple-Use Marine Protected Area, the Kosterhavet National Park (Sweden)
- Author
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Gonzalez-Mirelis, Genoveva, primary, Lindegarth, Mats, additional, and Sköld, Mattias, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. VEGF reduces astrogliosis and preserves neuromuscular junctions in ALS transgenic mice
- Author
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Zheng, Chengyun, Sköld, Mattias, Li, Jian, Nennesmo, Inger, Fadeel, Bengt, Henter, Jan-Inge, Zheng, Chengyun, Sköld, Mattias, Li, Jian, Nennesmo, Inger, Fadeel, Bengt, and Henter, Jan-Inge
- Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease resulting from motor neuron loss in the spinal cord and brain stem. In the present study, we found that systemic administration of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly diminished astrogliosis and increased the number of neuromuscular junctions in a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) transgenic mouse model of ALS. Our results thus demonstrate a novel regulatory role of VEGF on astrocytes and are suggestive of protective effects of VEGF both in the peripheral and central nervous system in the SOD1 transgenic mouse model. These findings warrant further evaluation of the mechanism(s) of regulatory effects of VEGF on neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and the relation of these events to motor neuron degeneration and the onset and progression of ALS.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Cellular High-Energy Cavitation Trauma - Description of a Novel In Vitro Trauma Model in Three Different Cell Types.
- Author
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Yuli Cao, Risling, Mårten, Malm, Elisabeth, Sondén, Anders, Bolling, Magnus Frödin, Sköld, Mattias K., Dawson, Hana N., Rafaels, Karin A., and Luck, Jason
- Subjects
CAVITATION ,MICROARRAY technology - Abstract
The mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury have yet to be fully characterized. One mechanism that, especially in high-energy trauma, could be of importance is cavitation. Cavitation can be described as a process of vaporization, bubble generation, and bubble implosion as a result of a decrease and subsequent increase in pressure. Cavitation as an injury mechanism is difficult to visualize and model due to its short duration and limited spatial distribution. One strategy to analyze the cellular response of cavitation is to employ suitable in vitro models. The flyer-plate model is an in vitro high-energy trauma model that includes cavitation as a trauma mechanism. A copper fragment is accelerated by means of a laser, hits the bottom of a cell culture well causing cavitation, and shock waves inside the well and cell medium. We have found the flyer-plate model to be efficient, reproducible, and easy to control. In this study, we have used the model to analyze the cellular response to microcavitation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma, Caco-2, and C6 glioma cell lines. Mitotic activity in neuroblastoma and glioma was investigated with BrdU staining, and cell numbers were calculated using automated time-lapse imaging. We found variations between cell types and between different zones surrounding the lesion with these methods. It was also shown that the injured cell cultures released S-100B in a dose-dependent manner. Using gene expression microarray, a number of gene families of potential interest were found to be strongly, but differently regulated in neuroblastoma and glioma at 24 h post trauma. The data from the gene expression arrays may be used to identify new candidates for biomarkers in cavitation trauma. We conclude that our model is useful for studies of trauma in vitro and that it could be applied in future treatment studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Population dynamics, growth, feeding and predator-prey interactions in brittle stars
- Author
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Sköld, Mattias, 1965
- Subjects
Tagghudingar Echinodermata - Published
- 1996
150. Gender differences in health and aging of Atlantic cod subject to size selective fishery
- Author
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Carney Almroth, Bethanie, primary, Sköld, Mattias, additional, and Nilsson Sköld, Helen, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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