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3,953 results on '"Smith, Simon"'

101. On symmetries of edge and vertex colourings of graphs

Author

Lehner, Florian and Smith, Simon M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Let $c$ and $c'$ be edge or vertex colourings of a graph $G$. We say that $c'$ is less symmetric than $c$ if the stabiliser (in $\operatorname{Aut} G$) of $c'$ is contained in the stabiliser of $c$. We show that if $G$ is not a bicentred tree, then for every vertex colouring of $G$ there is a less symmetric edge colouring with the same number of colours. On the other hand, if $T$ is a tree, then for every edge colouring there is a less symmetric vertex colouring with the same number of edges. Our results can be used to characterise those graphs whose distinguishing index is larger than their distinguishing number., Comment: 13 Pages

Published
2018

102. Expanding the Active Inference Landscape: More Intrinsic Motivations in the Perception-Action Loop

Author

Biehl, Martin, Guckelsberger, Christian, Salge, Christoph, Smith, Simón C., and Polani, Daniel

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Systems and Control, 62F15, 91B06, I.2.0, I.2.6, I.5.0, I.5.1
Abstract

Active inference is an ambitious theory that treats perception, inference and action selection of autonomous agents under the heading of a single principle. It suggests biologically plausible explanations for many cognitive phenomena, including consciousness. In active inference, action selection is driven by an objective function that evaluates possible future actions with respect to current, inferred beliefs about the world. Active inference at its core is independent from extrinsic rewards, resulting in a high level of robustness across e.g.\ different environments or agent morphologies. In the literature, paradigms that share this independence have been summarised under the notion of intrinsic motivations. In general and in contrast to active inference, these models of motivation come without a commitment to particular inference and action selection mechanisms. In this article, we study if the inference and action selection machinery of active inference can also be used by alternatives to the originally included intrinsic motivation. The perception-action loop explicitly relates inference and action selection to the environment and agent memory, and is consequently used as foundation for our analysis. We reconstruct the active inference approach, locate the original formulation within, and show how alternative intrinsic motivations can be used while keeping many of the original features intact. Furthermore, we illustrate the connection to universal reinforcement learning by means of our formalism. Active inference research may profit from comparisons of the dynamics induced by alternative intrinsic motivations. Research on intrinsic motivations may profit from an additional way to implement intrinsically motivated agents that also share the biological plausibility of active inference., Comment: 53 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

Published
2018

103. Distinguishing density and the Distinct Spheres Condition

Author

Imrich, Wilfried, Lehner, Florian, and Smith, Simon M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C25, 05C63, 05C15, 03E10
Abstract

If a graph $G$ has distinguishing number 2, then there exists a partition of its vertex set into two parts, such that no nontrivial automorphism of $G$ fixes setwise the two parts. Such a partition is called a 2-distinguishing coloring of $G$, and the parts are called its color classes. If $G$ admits such a coloring, it is often possible to find another in which one of the color classes is sparse in a certain sense. In this case we say that $G$ has 2-distinguishing density zero. An extreme example of this would be an infinite graph admitting a 2-distinguishing coloring in which one of the color classes is finite. If a graph $G$ contains a vertex $v$ such that, for all $n \in \mathbb N$, any two distinct vertices equidistant from $v$ have nonequal $n$-spheres, then we say that $G$ satisfies the Distinct Spheres Condition. In this paper we prove a general result: any countable connected graph that satisfies the Distinct Spheres Condition is 2-distinguishable with density zero. We present two proofs of this, one that uses a deterministic coloring, and another (that applies only to locally finite graphs) using a random coloring. From this result, we deduce that several important families of countably infinite and connected graphs are 2-distinguishable with density zero, including those that are locally finite and primitive. Furthermore, we prove that any connected graph with infinite motion and subquadratic growth is 2-distinguishable with density zero.

Published
2018

105. HER2-enriched subtype and novel molecular subgroups drive aromatase inhibitor resistance and an increased risk of relapse in early ER+/HER2+ breast cancer

Author

Evans, Abigail, Ball, Adrian, Johri, Akhil, Nejim, Ali, Jones, Alison, Corder, Allan, Thorne, Amanda, Anand, Ambika, Chakrabarti, Amitabha, Robinson, Anne, Skene, Anthony, Modi, Anupam, Patel, Ashraf, Kothari, Ashutosh, McFall, Brendan, Mortimer, Caroline, Lee, Caroline, Chan, Charlie, Abson, Charlotte, Holcombe, Christopher, Hinton, Christopher, Hollywood, Ciaran, Murphy, Claire, Crowley, Clare, Harding-Mackean, Claudia, Griffith, Clive, Lewanski, Conrad, Rea, Daniel, Hwang, David, Crawford, Derek, Thekkinkattil, Dinesh, Ferguson, Douglas, Adamson, Douglas, Wheatley, Duncan, Ravichandran, Duraisamy, Babu, Ed, Hyett, Elaine, Ashkanani, Fawzia, Hoar, Fiona, Kenny, Frances, Dyke, Gary, Sparrow, Geoffrey, Gilbert, Cunnick, Giles, Algurafi, Hafiz, Sweetland, Helen, Prof, Highes-Davies, Hamed, Hisham, Smith, Ian, Laidlaw, Ian, Khattak, Ilyas, Newby, Jacqueline, Rees-Lee, Jacqueline, Kokan, Jalal, Barrett, Jane, Naik, Jay Dolatrai, Vaidya, Jayant, Forrest, Jennifer, Parmar, Jitendra, Adams, Jocelyn, Fox, John, Roberts, Jonathan, Dawson, Jonathan, Doughty, Julie, Donnelly, Jull, Dunn, Kathleen, Chin, Kian, Horgan, Kieran, Thakur, Kislaya, Barthelmes, Ludger, Wyld, Lynda, Bhattacharyya, Madhumita, Hadaki, Maher, Kishore, Makam, Ornstein, Marcus, Bramley, Maria, Bews-Hair, Maria, Parton, Marina, Sibbering, Mark, Kissin, Mark, Churn, Mark, Hogg, Martin, Quigley, Mary, Hatton, Matthew, Winter, Matthew, Adelekan, Matthew, Shere, Michael, Carr, Michael, Williams, Michael, Absar, Mohammed, Sharif, Muhammad, Kelleher, Muireann, Walji, Nawaz, Williams, Nicholas, Gallegos, Nicholas, Bundred, Nigel, Hatcher, Olivia, Crellin, Perric, Crane, Peter, Donnelly, Peter, Kneeshaw, Peter, Walker, Philip, Sinha, Prakash, Bhaskar, Pudhupalayam, Soulsby, Racheal, Todd, Radha, Vidya, Raghavan, Mehra, Rakesh, Prasad, Ramachandran, Cutress, Ramsay, Sharma, Ravi, Roylance, Rebecca, Goranova, Rebecca, Salman, Reem Ramzi, Bonom, Riccardo, Johnson, Richard, Sutton, Richard, Linforth, Rick, Coleman, Rob, Grieve, Robert, Leonard, Robert, Reichert, Robert, Kennedy, Robert, Agarwal, Roshan, Allerton, Rozenn, Burcombe, Russell, Davis, Ruth, Narayanan, Sankaran, Chandrasekharan, Sankaran, Vesty, Sarah, Seetharam, Seema, Ledwidge, Serena, Iqbal, Shabana, Wahee, Shamaela, Silva, Shobha, Pain, Simon, Holt, Simon, Thomson, Simon, Smith, Simon, Ellenbogen, Simon, Laws, Siobhan, Chan, Stephen, Johnston, Stephen, Holt, Steve, Thrush, Steven, McIntosh, Stuart, Chatterjee, Sumohan, Cleator, Susan, Usman, Tamoor, Johnson, Tayo, Kovacs, Tibor, Irvine, Tracey, Barthkur, Urmila, Pope, Vanessa, Brown, Victoria Alexandra, Muralikrishna, Vummiti, Samra, Walid, Maxwell, William, Winters, Zoe, Bergamino, Milana A., López-Knowles, Elena, Morani, Gabriele, Tovey, Holly, Kilburn, Lucy, Schuster, Eugene F., Alataki, Anastasia, Hills, Margaret, Xiao, Hui, Holcombe, Chris, Robertson, John F., Smith, Ian E., Bliss, Judith M., Dowsett, Mitch, and Cheang, Maggie C.U.

Published
2022
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106. Myocardial Involvement After Hospitalization for COVID-19 Complicated by Troponin Elevation: A Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study

Author

Artico, Jessica, Shiwani, Hunain, Moon, James C., Gorecka, Miroslawa, McCann, Gerry P., Roditi, Giles, Morrow, Andrew, Mangion, Kenneth, Lukaschuk, Elena, Shanmuganathan, Mayooran, Miller, Christopher A., Chiribiri, Amedeo, Prasad, Sanjay K., Adam, Robert D., Singh, Trisha, Bucciarelli-Ducci, Chiara, Dawson, Dana, Knight, Daniel, Fontana, Marianna, Manisty, Charlotte, Treibel, Thomas A., Levelt, Eylem, Arnold, Ranjit, Macfarlane, Peter W., Young, Robin, McConnachie, Alex, Neubauer, Stefan, Piechnik, Stefan K., Davies, Rhodri H., Ferreira, Vanessa M., Dweck, Marc R., Berry, Colin, Greenwood, John P., Kelly, Bernard, Goreka, Miroslawa, Somers, Kathryn, Byrom-Goulthorp, Roo J., Anderson, Michelle, Britton, Laura, Richards, Fiona, Jones, Laura M., Moss, Alastair, Fisher, Jude, Wormleighton, Joanne, Parke, Kelly, Wright, Rachel, Yeo, Jian, Falconer, Judith, Harries, Valerie, Henderson, Paula, Newby, David, Popescu, Iulia, Zhang, Qiang, Raman, Betty, Channon, Keith, Krasopoulos, Catherine, Nunes, Claudia, Da Silva Rodrigues, Liliana, Nixon, Harriet, Panopoulou, Athanasia, Fletcher, Alison, Manley, Peter, Sykes, Robert, Fallon, Kirsty, Brown, Ammani, Kelly, Laura, McGinley, Christopher, Briscoe, Michael, Woodward, Rosemary, Hopkins, Tracey, McLennan, Evonne, Tynan, Nicola, Dymock, Laura, Swoboda, Peter, Wright, Judith, Exley, Donna, Steeds, Richard, Hutton, Kady, MacDonald, Sonia, Shetye, Abhishek, Orsborne, Christopher, Woodville-Jones, William, Ferguson, Susan, Bratis, Konstantinos, Fairbairn, Timothy, Sionas, Michail, Widdows, Peris, Gee Chew, Pei, Marsden, Christian, Collins, Tom, George, Linsha, Kearney, Lisa, Flett, Andrew, Smith, Simon, Zhenge, Alice, Harvey, Jake, Inacio, Liliana, Hanam-Penfold, Tomas, Gruner, Lucy, Razvi, Yousuf S.K., Crause, Jacolene, Davies, Nina M., Brown, James T., Chaco, Liza, Patel, Rishi, Kotecha, Tushar, Knight, Dan S., Green, Thomas, Ripley, David, Thompson, Maria, Cifra, Ugochi Akerele Elna, Alskaf, Ebraham, Crawley, Richard, Villa, Adriana, Nightingale, Angus K., Wright, Kim, Bonnick, Esther D., Hopkins, Emma, George, Jessy, Joseph, Linta, Cole, Graham, Vimalesvaran, Kavitha, Ali, Nadine, Carr, Caitlin R., Ross, Alexandra A.R., King, Clara, Farzad, Zohreh, Salmi, Sara A., Kirby, Kevin, McDiarmid, Adam, Stevenson, Hannah J., Matsvimbo, Pamela S., Joji, Lency, Fearby, Margaret, Brown, Benjamin, Bunce, Nicholas, Jennings, Robert, Sookhoo, Vennessa, Joshi, Shatabdi, Kanagala, Prathap, Fullalove, Sandra, Toohey, Catherine, Fenlon, Kate, Bellenger, Nicholas, He, Jingzhou, Statton, Sarah, Pamphilon, Nicola, Steele, Anna, Ball, Claire, McGahey, Ann, Balma, Silvia, Wilkes, Lynsey, Lewis, Katy, Walter, Michelle, Ionescu, Adrian, Ninan, Tishi, Richards, Suzanne, Williams, Marie, Alfakih, Khaled, Pilgrim, Samia, Joy, George, and Hussain, Ifza

Published
2023
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107. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, Peter, Tan, Aik-Choon, El-Esawi, Mohamed A, Liehr, Thomas, Blanck, Oliver, Gladue, Douglas P, Almeida, Gabriel MF, Cernava, Tomislav, Sorzano, Carlos O, Yeung, Andy WK, Engel, Michael S, Chandrasekaran, Arun Richard, Muth, Thilo, Staege, Martin S, Daulatabad, Swapna V, Widera, Darius, Zhang, Junpeng, Meule, Adrian, Honjo, Ken, Pourret, Olivier, Yin, Cong-Cong, Zhang, Zhongheng, Cascella, Marco, Flegel, Willy A, Goodyear, Carl S, van Raaij, Mark J, Bukowy-Bieryllo, Zuzanna, Campana, Luca G, Kurniawan, Nicholas A, Lalaouna, David, Hüttner, Felix J, Ammerman, Brooke A, Ehret, Felix, Cobine, Paul A, Tan, Ene-Choo, Han, Hyemin, Xia, Wenfeng, McCrum, Christopher, Dings, Ruud PM, Marinello, Francesco, Nilsson, Henrik, Nixon, Brett, Voskarides, Konstantinos, Yang, Long, Costa, Vincent D, Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, Bradshaw, William, Grimm, Dominik G, Kumar, Nitin, Martis, Elvis, Prieto, Daniel, Sabnis, Sandeep C, Amer, Said EDR, Liew, Alan WC, Perco, Paul, Rahimi, Farid, Riva, Giuseppe, Zhang, Chongxing, Devkota, Hari P, Ogami, Koichi, Basharat, Zarrin, Fierz, Walter, Siebers, Robert, Tan, Kok-Hian, Boehme, Karen A, Brenneisen, Peter, Brown, James AL, Dalrymple, Brian P, Harvey, David J, Ng, Grace, Werten, Sebastiaan, Bleackley, Mark, Dai, Zhanwu, Dhariwal, Raman, Gelfer, Yael, Hartmann, Marcus D, Miotla, Pawel, Tamaian, Radu, Govender, Pragashnie, Gurney-Champion, Oliver J, Kauppila, Joonas H, Zhang, Xiaolei, Echeverría, Natalia, Subhash, Santhilal, Sallmon, Hannes, Tofani, Marco, Bae, Taeok, Bosch, Oliver, Cuív, Páraic O, Danchin, Antoine, Diouf, Barthelemy, Eerola, Tuomas, Evangelou, Evangelos, Filipp, Fabian V, Klump, Hannes, Kurgan, Lukasz, Smith, Simon S, Terrier, Olivier, Tuttle, Neil, and Ascher, David B

Subjects
Cancer, Generic health relevance, RELISH Consortium, Data Format, Library and Information Studies
Abstract

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.

Published
2019

110. Increased Incidence of Melioidosis in Far North Queensland, Queensland, Australia, 1998-2019

Author

Smith, Simon, Horne, Peter, Rubenach, Sally, Gair, Richard, Stewart, James, Fairhead, Lee, and Hanson, Josh

Subjects
Queensland -- Health aspects, Pseudomonas infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Burkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental gram-negative bacterium, causes the disease melioidosis. Although infection is frequently asymptomatic, melioidosis may be rapidly fatal for patients with underlying conditions that increase the risk for [...]

Published
2021
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114. SAX APPEAL: STEVE DOUGLAS: King Cobra

Author

Euan-Smith, Simon

Subjects
Music
Abstract

SAX APPEAL STEVE DOUGLAS King Cobra (Fantasy F 9632, LR US, 1984) 6 [pounds sterling] Saxophonist Steve Douglas (real name Steven Douglas Kreisman) can be heard on several early Duane [...]

Published
2024

115. The ten steps to responsible Inland fisheries in practice: reflections from diverse regional case studies around the globe

Author

Cooke, Steven J., Nyboer, Elizabeth, Bennett, Abigail, Lynch, Abigail J., Infante, Dana M., Cowx, Ian G., Beard, Jr., T. Douglas, Bartley, Devin, Paukert, Craig P., Reid, Andrea J., Funge-Smith, Simon, Gondwe, Edith, Kaunda, Emmanuel, Koehn, John D., Souter, Nicholas J., Stokes, Gretchen L., Castello, Leandro, Leonard, Nancy J., Skov, Christian, Berg, Søren, and Taylor, William W.

Published
2021
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116. A Performance Analysis of Modern Parallel Programming Models Using a Compute-Bound Application

Author

Poenaru, Andrei, Lin, Wei-Chen, McIntosh-Smith, Simon, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Chamberlain, Bradford L., editor, Varbanescu, Ana-Lucia, editor, Ltaief, Hatem, editor, and Luszczek, Piotr, editor

Published
2021
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122. Modelled impact of virtual fractional flow reserve in patients undergoing coronary angiography (VIRTU-4).

Author

Ghobrial, Mina, Haley, Hazel, Gosling, Rebecca, Taylor, Daniel James, Richardson, James, Morgan, Kenneth, Barmby, David, Iqbal, Javaid, Krishnamurthy, Arvindra, Singh, Rajender, Conway, Dwayne, Hall, Ian, Adam, Zulfiquar, Wheeldon, Nigel, Grech, Ever D., Storey, Robert F., Rothman, Alexander, Payne, Gillian, Tahir, Muhammad Naeem, and Smith, Simon

Published
2024
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123. Computational approaches improve evidence synthesis and inform broad fisheries trends.

Author

Stokes, Gretchen L., Lynch, Abigail J., Flores, John V., Wong, Jesse P., Morang, Connor A., Romulo, Chelsie, Funge‐Smith, Simon, Valbo‐Jørgensen, John, and Smidt, Samuel J.

Subjects
NATURAL language processing, LITERATURE reviews, FRESHWATER fishes, EVIDENCE gaps, DATA mining
Abstract

Addressing ecological impacts with effective conservation actions requires information on the links between human pressures and localized responses. Understanding links is a priority for many conservation contexts, including the world's fresh waters, which face intensifying threats to disproportionately high species diversity, including more than half of the world's fish species. Literature synthesis can uncover links and highlight potential research gaps, yet can be very cumbersome and time consuming. Emerging tools like text mining can improve efficiency in extracting relevant information from vast scientific outputs. This study synthesizes evidence of direct anthropogenic threats to major inland fisheries and examines driver‐impact‐response patterns using coupled automated and manual text classification methods. We screened 9336 abstracts from 45 river basins of high importance to inland fish production; 1152 abstracts contained evidence of direct threats to fish. The most common documented drivers were pollution, dams, and fishing pressure, which were most strongly linked to decreased fitness, altered reproduction, and mortality, respectively. Strong impact‐response links to pollution signal potential bias toward documenting acute threats that generate more visible and immediate impacts. The use of machine learning‐based text classification performed best in classifying extraneous information. Results can inform the development of inland fisheries indicators and threat‐based metrics, highlight possible evidence gaps in linking global drivers to fishery‐level responses, and illustrate the application of a coupled synthesis approach for improved efficiency and extraction of information relevant to conservation outcomes. The associated user and interpretation guides address accessibility and technical barriers faced by conservation scientists to improve efficiency in evidence synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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124. Australasian genetic counselors' attitudes toward disability and prenatal testing: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey.

Author

Yanes, Tatiane, Nathan, Vaishnavi, Wallingford, Courtney, Faragher, Rhonda, Nankervis, Karen, Jacobs, Chris, Vassos, Maria, Boyle, Fran, Carroll, Annemaree, Smith, Simon, and McInerney‐Leo, Aideen

Abstract

Diagnostic genetic testing and non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for conditions associated with disability are becoming increasingly available to consumers. This genetic information can be used in the disability setting to inform factors such as prognosis, management, and reproductive decision‐making. Genetic counselors (GCs) play an important role in the provision of genetic testing and NIPT, and their attitudes toward disability can influence how genetic information is communicated and shape patients' responses. This study aimed to evaluate and describe Australasian GCs' experience with and attitudes toward disabilities to identify potential biases and training needs. A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to 400 GCs registered with the Human Genetics Society of Australasia. Of the 106 respondents (participation rate: 26%), a significantly greater proportion were more comfortable interacting with individuals with physical disability as compared to intellectual disability (p < 0.001). GCs with personal experiences with disabilities reported significantly greater comfort interacting with people with intellectual disability than those without experience (p = 0.012). Qualitative analysis revealed discomfort was less reflective of bias than inexperience and apprehension about communicating disrespectfully. GCs believed people with disabilities experience discrimination and that having a disability could make a person stronger, wiser, and more motivated. Most GCs viewed prenatal testing for disabilities positively as it allowed for decisions regarding continuing the pregnancy and/or provided opportunity to prepare. Challenges identified for prenatal counseling included negative societal attitudes and the low visibility of disability. GCs felt that 'personal beliefs' was the primary factor influencing the decision to terminate a pregnancy affected by disability. These findings highlight important education and training needs for GCs to improve preparedness and comfort when communicating with people with a disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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125. Sleep deprivation and recovery: Endurance racing as a novel model.

Author

Mann, Dwayne L., Pattinson, Cassandra L, Allan, Alicia, St Pierre, Liam, Staton, Sally, Thorpe, Karen, Rossa, Kalina, and Smith, Simon S.

Subjects
SELF-evaluation, COGNITIVE testing, MILD cognitive impairment, ENDURANCE sports, FATIGUE (Physiology), ACCELEROMETERS, ACTIGRAPHY, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, TEAM sports, PRE-tests & post-tests, SURVEYS, SLEEP deprivation, CONVALESCENCE, SPORTS events, ATHLETIC ability, COMPARATIVE studies, DATA analysis software
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate sleep‐wake behavior and gain insights into perceived impairment (sleep, fatigue, and cognitive function) of athletes competing in two international multi‐day adventure races. Twenty‐four athletes took part across two independent adventure races: Queensland, Australia and Alaska, USA. Individual sleep periods were determined via actigraphy, and racers self‐reported their perceived sleep disturbances, sleep impairment, fatigue and cognitive function. Each of these indices was calculated for pre‐, during‐ and post‐race periods. Sleep was severely restricted during the race period compared to pre‐race (Queensland, 7:46 [0:29] vs. 2:50 [1:01]; Alaska, 7:39 [0:58] vs. 2:45 [2:05]; mean [SD], hh:mm). As a result, there was a large cumulative sleep debt at race completion, which was not 'reversed' in the post‐race period (up to 1 week). The deterioration in all four self‐reported scales of perceived impairment during the race period was largely restored in the post‐race period. This is the first study to document objective sleep‐wake behaviors and subjective impairment of adventure racers, in the context of two geographically diverse, multi‐day, international adventure races. Measures of sleep deprivation indicate that sleep debt was extreme and did not recover to pre‐race levels within 1 week following each race. Despite this objective debt continuing, perceived impairment returned to pre‐race levels quickly post‐race. Therefore, further examination of actual and perceived sleep recovery is warranted. Adventure racing presents a unique scenario to examine sleep, performance and recovery. Highlights: Adventure, or expedition, racing is an ultra‐endurance sport, carried out over multiple days, which presents an extreme test of athletic performance under conditions of severe sleep restriction and deprivation. However, limited research has been conducted to examine sleep and perceived impairment of athletes who choose this sport.Using actigraphy, the team‐based nature of adventure racing was evident with severe sleep restriction synchronized between team members during the race.There was significant sleep debt accumulated across the race and was not recovered by the end of the measurement period. Furthermore, perceived impairment returned to pre‐race levels quickly after race completion, despite the remaining sleep debt objectively observed.This study posits that adventure racing presents a unique context to study sleep, performance, and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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126. Bone and joint infections due to melioidosis; diagnostic and management strategies to optimise outcomes.

Author

Dadwal, Parvati, Bonner, Brady, Fraser, David, Loveridge, Jeremy, Withey, Grant, Puri, Arvind, Smith, Simon, and Hanson, Josh

Subjects
MELIOIDOSIS, JOINT infections, GRAM-negative bacteria, INFECTIOUS arthritis, RESOURCE-limited settings, DISEASE relapse, LEG amputation
Abstract

Background: Melioidosis, a life-threatening infection caused by the gram negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, can involve almost any organ. Bone and joint infections (BJI) are a recognised, but incompletely defined, manifestation of melioidosis that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Methodology/principal findings: We identified all individuals with BJI due to B. pseudomallei managed at Cairns Hospital in tropical Australia between January 1998 and June 2023. The patients' demographics, their clinical findings and their treatment were correlated with their subsequent course. Of 477 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis managed at the hospital during the study period, 39 (8%) had confirmed BJI; predisposing risk factors for melioidosis were present in 37/39 (95%). However, in multivariable analysis only diabetes mellitus was independently associated with the presence of BJI (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 4.04 (1.81–9.00), p = 0.001). BJI was frequently only one component of multi-organ involvement: 29/39 (74%) had infection involving other organs and bacteraemia was present in 31/39 (79%). Of the 39 individuals with BJI, 14 (36%) had osteomyelitis, 8 (20%) had septic arthritis and 17 (44%) had both osteomyelitis and septic arthritis; in 32/39 (83%) the lower limb was involved. Surgery was performed in 30/39 (77%). Readmission after the initial hospitalisation was necessary in 11/39 (28%), 5/39 (13%) had disease recrudescence and 3/39 (8%) had relapse; 4/39 (10%) developed pathological fractures. ICU admission was necessary in 11/39 (28%) but all 11 of these patients survived. Only 1/39 (3%) died, 138 days after admission, due to his significant underlying comorbidity. Conclusions: The case-fatality rate from melioidosis BJI in Australia's well-resourced health system is very low. However, recrudescence, relapse and orthopaedic complications are relatively common and emphasise the importance of collaborative multidisciplinary care that includes early surgical review, aggressive source control, prolonged antibiotic therapy, and thorough, extended follow-up. Author summary: Bone and joint infections (BJI) are a recognised and life-threatening manifestation of melioidosis but frequently only one component of multi-organ involvement. Almost all patients with BJI due to Burkholderia pseudomallei have risk factors that predispose them to developing melioidosis, but diabetes appears to be the most closely associated with BJI. The vasculopathy, neuropathy, structural deformity and decreased immunity that is seen in many individuals with diabetes increases their risk of lower limb infection and these factors–combined with greater exposure to B. pseudomallei in the soil and surface water–might explain the lower limb predominance that is seen in many series of melioidosis-related BJI. Patients require early multimodal imaging, appropriate microbiological sampling, early surgical review, prompt source control and an adequate duration of antibiotic therapy–and, in many cases, critical care support–to ensure optimal outcomes. Collaborative, multidisciplinary care reduces the case-fatality rate of melioidosis BJI, but recrudescence, relapse and orthopaedic complications are common in survivors and therefore extended patient follow up is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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127. Imperialism after decolonization? British relations with Bahrain from the withdrawal East of Suez to the Iranian Revolution.

Author

Smith, Simon C.

Subjects
*DECOLONIZATION, *IMPERIALISM, *DOMESTIC violence, *HISTORIANS, IRANIAN Revolution, 1979
Abstract

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that the end of empire did not necessarily equate with a severing of imperial ties. Some historians have even argued that there was a shift from formal to informal empire in Britain’s relations with the emerging Gulf States. This is especially so with respect to Bahrain which had represented the epicentre of Britain’s position in the Gulf. Nevertheless, an analysis of British relations with Bahrain from the withdrawal East of Suez to the Iranian Revolution belies any notion that Britain succeeded in establishing an informal imperial position after 1971. Not only were Britain’s economic interests in Bahrain eroded by growing competition from its industrial rivals, but also its political and military position was challenged by the encroachment of regional powers. Any hope that Britain could retain an imperial role in Bahrain was undermined still further by the emergence of new internal political forces in Bahrain beyond the direct control of either the ruling family or Britain itself. The unfeasibility of maintaining an imperial relationship with Bahrain after 1971 persuaded British policymakers to seek to establish recognizably post-imperial relations with the Emirate in the decade following the withdrawal from East of Suez. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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128. 'Sea‐glass survivors': Autistic testimonies about education experiences.

Author

Shepherd, Jacqui, Sutton, Beth, Smith, Simon, and Szlenkier, Marysia

Subjects
AUTISM in adults, HIGHER education, NEURODIVERSITY, SOCIAL model of disability, INCLUSIVE education
Abstract

This article is different. Original testimonies are reproduced, in full, from three autistic adults who reflect on their education experiences. These accounts evolved from a webinar which explored autistic 'voice' through research presentations and lived experiences, and this co‐authored article seeks to communicate these reflections to a wider audience. The testimonies are brought together, interpreted and analysed through the lens of the social model of disability exposing the ableist systems in which these adults had to operate. All share the challenge of trying to fit in to a socially, neuronormatively constructed education system, experiencing marginalisation, lack of understanding and lack of appropriate support. However, all three writers emerge as more than 'sea‐glass survivors', weathered and worn, having developed survival strategies, but demonstrate their determination to improve lives for those who follow in their wake. This article draws attention to the need to listen to autistic people more frequently, but more importantly to involve them as architects of change for the future. The article was co‐created by three autistic people, who identify as neurodivergent, in discussion and collaboration with the lead author who is an autism ally, autism and education researcher, and parent to an autistic son. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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129. Data from four consecutive cohorts of students in Australia (2019–2022) show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic and international university students' mental health.

Author

Dingle, Genevieve A, Han, Rong, Alhadad, Sakinah SJ, Beckman, Emma, Bentley, Sarah V, Gomersall, Sjaan R, Hides, Leanne, Maccallum, Fiona, McKimmie, Blake M, Rossa, Kalina, Smith, Simon S, Walter, Zoe C, Williams, Elyse, and Wright, Olivia

Subjects
MENTAL health, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, RESEARCH funding, ANXIETY, COLLEGE students, COVID-19 pandemic, MENTAL depression, WELL-being
Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 and related travel and social restrictions caused significant stress for university students in Australia and globally. Learning quickly moved online and many students (particularly international students) were separated from social and economic support. This study examined the impact of the pandemic from pre-pandemic (2019) to the COVID-19 Omicron wave (2022) on domestic and international students' mental health. Methods: Participants were 1540 students (72% females, 28% international) in four first-year cohorts (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022). We screened for mental health concerns (% positive) and symptom scores for depression, anxiety and somatic distress using the PsyCheck, and general wellbeing using the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale. Results: From pre-COVID (2019) to the first wave of COVID-19 (2020), the proportion of students screening positive for mental health problems rose in both domestic students (66–76%) and international students (46–67%). Depression symptoms and wellbeing were worse in 2020 than in 2019, 2021 and 2022. Anxiety symptoms increased from 2019 to 2020 and continued to rise in 2021 and 2022. Somatic symptoms did not show an effect of cohort. Contrary to expectations, domestic students reported higher distress and lower wellbeing than international students across cohorts. Conclusion: The pandemic was associated with a marked increase in psychological distress in first-year university students, not all of which settled with the easing of restrictions. Post-pandemic recovery in the Australian university sector must include university-wide access to mental health information and support for incoming students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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130. Most recent changepoint detection in Panel data

Author

Bardwell, Lawrence, Eckley, Idris, Fearnhead, Paul, Smith, Simon, and Spott, Martin

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Detecting recent changepoints in time-series can be important for short-term prediction, as we can then base predictions just on the data since the changepoint. In many applications we have panel data, consisting of many related univariate time-series. We present a novel approach to detect sets of most recent changepoints in such panel data which aims to pool information across time-series, so that we preferentially infer a most recent change at the same time-point in multiple series. Our approach is computationally efficient as it involves analysing each time-series independently to obtain a profile likelihood like quantity that summarises the evidence for the series having either no change or a specific value for its most recent changepoint. We then post-process this output from each time-series to obtain a potentially small set of times for the most recent changepoints, and, for each time, the set of series which has their most recent changepoint at that time. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method on two data sets: forecasting events in a telecommunications network and inference about changes in the net asset ratio for a panel of US firms.

Published
2016

135. Factor Selection and Structural Breaks.

Author

Chib, Siddhartha and Smith, Simon C.

Subjects
PARSIMONIOUS models, INVESTMENT policy, FINANCIAL markets, PORTFOLIO management (Investments), ECONOMIC research
Abstract

We develop a new approach to select risk factors in an asset pricing model that allows the set to change at multiple unknown break dates. Using the six factors displayed in Table 1 since 1963, we document a marked shift towards parsimonious models in the last two decades. Prior to 2005, five or six factors are selected, but just two are selected thereafter. This finding offers a simple implication for the factor zoo literature: ignoring breaks detects additional factors that are no longer relevant. Moreover, all omitted factors are priced by the selected factors in every regime. Finally, the selected factors outperform popular factor models as an investment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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144. The Discovery of the Faintest Known Milky Way Satellite Using UNIONS

Author

Smith, Simon E. T., primary, Cerny, William, additional, Hayes, Christian R., additional, Sestito, Federico, additional, Jensen, Jaclyn, additional, McConnachie, Alan W., additional, Geha, Marla, additional, Navarro, Julio F., additional, Li, Ting S., additional, Cuillandre, Jean-Charles, additional, Errani, Raphaël, additional, Chambers, Ken, additional, Gwyn, Stephen, additional, Hammer, Francois, additional, Hudson, Michael J., additional, Magnier, Eugene, additional, and Martin, Nicolas, additional

Published
2024
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146. Contemporary Heart Failure Medical Therapy Results in Significant Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Reverse Remodelling in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Author

Zheng, Alice, primary, Young, Christopher, additional, Peebles, Charles, additional, Harden, Stephen, additional, Shambrook, James, additional, Abbas, Ausami, additional, Vedwan, Katharine, additional, Adam, Georgina, additional, Cowburn, Peter, additional, Haydock, Paul, additional, Walkden, Michelle, additional, Olden, Paula, additional, Smith, Simon, additional, Hannam-Penfold, Tomas, additional, Adam, Robert, additional, Greenwood, Elizabeth, additional, Seyani, Chitsa, additional, and Flett, Andrew, additional

Published
2024
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147. Contemporary Heart Failure Therapy for HFBef Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Results in a 59% Reduction in Requirement for Complex Device Implantation at 6 Months

Author

Zheng, Alice, primary, Adam, Robert, additional, Peebles, Charles, additional, Harden, Stephen, additional, Shambrook, James, additional, Abbas, Ausami, additional, Vedwan, Katharine, additional, Adam, Georgina, additional, Cowburn, Peter, additional, Haydock, Paul, additional, Young, Christopher, additional, Long, Jane, additional, Smith, Simon, additional, Hannam-Penfold, Tomas, additional, Greenwood, Elizabeth, additional, Olden, Paula, additional, and Flett, Andrew, additional

Published
2024
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148. Effects of oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation after spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in the UK: a randomised, open-label, assessor-masked, pilot-phase, non-inferiority trial

Author

Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Keerie, Catriona, Stephen, Jacqueline, Lewis, Steff, Norrie, John, Dennis, Martin S., Newby, David E., Wardlaw, Joanna M., Lip, Gregory Y.H., Parry-Jones, Adrian, White, Philip M., Baigent, Colin, Lasserson, Dan, Oliver, Colin, O'Mahony, Fiach, Amoils, Shannon, Bamford, John, Armitage, Jane, Emberson, Jonathan, Rinkel, Gabriël J.R., Lowe, Gordon, Innes, Karen, Adamczuk, Kasia, Dinsmore, Lynn, Drever, Jonathan, Milne, Garry, Walker, Allan, Hutchison, Aidan, Williams, Carol, Fraser, Ruth, Anderson, Rosemary, Covil, Kate, Stewart, Kelly, Rees, Jessica, Hall, Peter, Bullen, Alistair, Stoddart, Andrew, Moullaali, Tom J., Palmer, Jeb, Sakka, Eleni, Perthen, Joanne, Lyttle, Nicola, Samarasekera, Neshika, MacRaild, Allan, Burgess, Seona, Teasdale, Jessica, Coakley, Michelle, Taylor, Pat, Blair, Gordon, Whiteley, William, Shenkin, Susan, Clancy, Una, Macleod, Malcolm, Sutherland, Rachel, Moullaali, Tom, Barugh, Amanda, Lerpiniere, Christine, Moreton, Fiona, Fethers, Nicholas, Anjum, Tal, Krishnan, Manju, Slade, Peter, Storton, Sharon, Williams, Marie, Davies, Caroline, Connor, Lynda, Gainard, Glyn, Murphy, Carl, Barber, Mark, Esson, Derek, Choulerton, James, Shaw, Louise, Lucas, Suzanne, Hierons, Sarah, Avis, Joanne, Stone, Andrew, Gbadamoshi, Lukuman, Costa, Telma, Pearce, Lauren, Harkness, Kirsty, Richards, Emma, Howe, Jo, Kamara, Christine, Lindert, Ralf, Ali, Ali, Rehan, Jahanzeb, Chapman, Sarah, Edwards, Maria, Bathula, Raj, Cohen, David, Devine, Joseph, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Yesupatham, Priya, Chhabra, Swati, Adewetan, Gbadebo, Ballantine, Robert, Brooks, Daniel, Smith, Gemma, Rogers, Gill, Marsden, Stuart, Clark, Sarah, Wilkinson, Ami, Brown, Ellen, Stephenson, Lynsey, Nyo, Khin, Abraham, Annie, Pai, Yogish, Shim, Gek, Baliga, Vidya, Nair, Anand, Robinson, Matthew, Hawksworth, Catherine, Greig, Jill, Alam, Irfan, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Ramiz, Ridha, Shaw, Ryan, Lee, Stephanie, Marsden, Tracy, Perez, Jane, Birleson, Emily, Yadava, Rajendra, Sangombe, Mirriam, Stafford, Sam, Hughes, Tom, Knibbs, Lucy, Morse, Bethan, Schwarz, Stefan, Jelley, Benjamin, White, Susan, Richard, Bella, Lawson, Heidi, Moseley, Sally, Tayler, Michelle, Edwards, Mandy, Triscott, Claire, Wallace, Rebecca, Hall, Angela, Dell, Amanda, Rashed, Khalid, Board, Sarah, Buckley, Clare, Tanate, Alfonso, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Beesley, Kate, Perry, Jess, Hellyer, Christine, Guyler, Paul, Menon, Nisha, Tysoe, Sharon, Prabakaran, Raji, Cooper, Martin, Rajapakse, Anoja, Wynter, Inez, Smith, Susan, Weir, Nic, Boxall, Cherish, Yates, Hannah, Smith, Simon, Crawford, Pamela, Marigold, James, Smith, Fiona, Harvey, Jake, Evans, Sue, Baldwin, Laura, Hammond, Sarah, Mudd, Paul, Bowring, Angela, Keenan, Samantha, Thorpe, Kevin, Haque, Mohammad, Taaffe, Joanne, Temple, Natalie, Peachey, Tracey, Wells, Kim, Haines, Fiona, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Horne, Zoey, Licenik, Radim, Boughton, Hayley, England, Timothy, Hedstrom, Amanda, Menezes, Brian, Davies, Ruth, Johnson, Venetia, Whittingham-Jones, Simon, Werring, David, Obarey, Sabaa, Watchurst, Caroline, Ashton, Amy, Feerick, Shez, Francia, Nina, Banaras, Azra, Epstein, Daniel, Marinescu, Marilena, Williams, Annick, Robinson, Anna, Humphries, Fiona, Anwar, Ijaz, Annamalai, Arunkumar, Crawford, Susan, Collins, Vicky, Shepherd, Lorna, Siddle, Elaine, Penge, Justin, Qureshi, Sam, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Papavasileiou, Vasileios, Waugh, Dean, Veraque, Emelda, Douglas, Nathan, Khan, Numan, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Sommerville, Peter, Rudd, Anthony, Kullane, Sagal, Bhalla, Ajay, Birns, Jonathan, Ahmed, Rowshanara, Gibbons, Meegan, Klamerus, Eva, Cendreda, Benjie, Muir, Keith, Day, Nicola, Welch, Angela, Smith, Wilma, Elliot, Jennifer, Eltawil, Salwa, Mahmood, Ammad, Hatherley, Kim, Mitchell, Shirley, Bains, Harjit, Quinn, Lauren, Teal, Rachel, Gbinigie, Ivie, Harston, George, Mathieson, Phil, Ford, Gary, Schulz, Ursula, Kennedy, James, Nagaratnam, Kirubananthan, Bangalore, Kiran, Bhupathiraju, Neelima, Wharton, Chris, Fotherby, Ken, Nasar, Ahmad, Stevens, Angie, Willberry, Angela, Evans, Rachel, Rai, Baljinder, Blake, Chloe, Thavanesan, Kamy, Hann, Gail, Changuion, Tanith, Nix, Sara, Whiting, Amanda, Dharmasiri, Michelle, Mallon, Louise, Keltos, Marketa, Smyth, Nigel, Eglinton, Charlotte, Duffy, John, Tone, Ela, Sykes, Lucy, Porter, Emily, Fitton, Carolyn, Kirkineziadis, Nikolaos, Cluckie, Gillian, Kennedy, Kate, Trippier, Sarah, Williams, Rebecca, Hayter, Elizabeth, Rackie, James, Patel, Bhavini, Rita, Ghatala, Blight, Adrian, Jones, Val, Zhang, Liqun, Choy, Lillian, Pereira, Anthony, Clarke, Brian, Al-Hussayni, Samer, Dixon, Lynn, Young, Andrew, Bergin, Adrian, Broughton, David, Raghunathan, Senthil, Jackson, Benjamin, Appleton, Jason, Wilkes, Gwendoline, Buck, Amanda, Richardson, Carla, Clarke, Judith, Fleming, Lucy, Squires, Gemma, Law, Zhe, Hutchinson, Camille, Cvoro, Vera, Couser, Mandy, McGregor, Amanda, McAuley, Sean, Pound, Susan, Cochrane, Patricia, Holmes, Clare, Murphy, Peter, Devitt, Nicola, Osborn, Mairead, Steele, Amy, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Smith, Elizabeth, Hewitt, Jonathan, Chaston, Natalie, Myint, Min, Smith, Andrew, Fairlie, Louise, Davis, Michelle, Atkinson, Beth, Woodward, Stephen, Hogg, Valerie, Fawcett, Michelle, Finlay, Louise, Dixit, Anand, Cameron, Eleanor, Keegan, Breffni, Kelly, Jim, Concannon, Dónal, Dutta, Dipankar, Ward, Deborah, Glass, Jon, O'Connell, Susan, Ngeh, Joseph, O'Kelly, Alison, Williams, Emma, Ragab, Suzanne, Jenkinson, Damian, Dube, Judith, Gleave, Laura, Leggett, Jacqui, Kissoon, Nisha, Southern, Louise, Naghotra, Utpal, Bokhari, Maria, McClelland, Beverley, Adie, Katja, Mate, Abhijit, Harrington, Frances, James, Ali, Swanson, Elizabeth, Chant, Terri, Naccache, Miriam, Coutts, Abbie, Courtauld, Gillian, Whurr, Sarah, Webber, Sue, Shead, Emily, Luder, Robert, Bhargava, Maneesh, Murali, Elodie, Cuenoud, Larissa, Pasco, Kath, Speirs, O, Chapman, Lianne, Inskip, Linda, Kavanagh, Lisa, Srinivasan, Meena, Motherwell, Nichola, Mukherjee, Indranil, Tonks, Louise, Donaldson, Denise, Button, Heather, Wilcox, Rebecca, Hurford, Fran, Logan, Rachel, Taylor, Andy, Arden, Tracie, Carpenter, Michael, Datta, Prabal, Zahoor, Tajammal, Jackson, Linda, Needle, Ann, Stanners, Andrew, Ghouri, Imran, Exley, Donna, Akhtar, Salman, Brooke, Hollie, Beadle, Shannen, O'Brien, Eoin, Francis, Jobbin, McGee, Joanne, Amis, Elaine, Mitchell, Jennifer, Finlay, Sarah, Sinha, Devesh, Manoczki, Csilla, King, Sam, Tarka, James, Choudhary, Sumita, Premaruban, Jegamalini, Sutton, Dorothy, Kumar, Pradeep, Culmsee, Charlotte, Winckley, Caroline, Davies, Holly, Thatcher, Hilary, Vasileiadis, Evangelos, Aweid, Basaam, Holden, Melinda, Mason, Cathy, Hlaing, Thant, Madzamba, Gladys, Ingram, Tanya, Linforth, Michelle, Cullen, Claire, Thomas, Nibu, France, John, Saulat, Afaq, Bhaskaran, Biju, Fitzell, Pauline, Horan, Kathleen, Manyoni, Catherine, Garfield-Smith, Josie, Griffin, Hannah, Atkins, Stacey, Redome, Joan, Muddegowda, Girish, Maguire, Holly, Barry, Adrian, Abano, Nenette, Varquez, Resti, Hiden, Joanne, Lyjko, Susan, Remegoso, Alda, Finney, Kay, Butler, Adrian, Strecker, Martin, MaCleod, Mary Joan, Irvine, Janice, Nelson, Sandra, Guzmangutierrez, German, Furnace, Jacqueline, Taylor, Vicky, Ramadan, Hawraman, Storton, Kim, Hassan, Sohail, Abdus Sami, Eman, Bellfield, Ruth, Stewart, Kelvin, Quinn, Outi, Patterson, Chris, Emsley, Hedley, Gregary, Bindu, Ahmed, Shakeel, Patel, Shakeelah, Raj, Sonia, Sultan, Sulaiman, Wright, Fiona, Langhorne, Peter, Graham, Ruth, Quinn, Terry, and McArthur, Kate

Published
2021
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