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We present a sealed-capsule irrigation technique and a disposable instrument that facilitate selective targeting of lens epithelial cells after phacoemulsification.

Purpose To determine the safety and efficacy of capsular tension ring (CTR) insertion in eyes with zonular dialysis of less than 150 degrees having phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation. Setting Dr. Agarwal’s Eye Hospital, Chennai, India. Methods This prospective study comprised 21 eyes of 19 patients with zonular dialysis of less than approximately 150 degrees determined preoperatively or intraoperatively. After insertion of a CTR, phacoemulsification with PC IOL implantation was performed. The mean follow-up was 242.33 days. Results Capsule collapse did not occur in any eye with a CTR. Intraoperative extension of the dialysis occurred in 2 eyes (9.52%). The IOL was placed in the bag in all the eyes except 1 that had traumatic cataract and received a scleral-fixated IOL during a subsequent surgery. Postoperatively, there was minimal corneal edema in 2 eyes (9.52%) and mild iritis in 5 eyes (23.80%). Three eyes (14.28%) developed raised intraocular pressure that responded well to medical therapy. The symptoms resolved in the 3 patients with preoperative diplopia. Fifteen eyes (71.42%) had a final visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Six eyes had a final best corrected visual acuity of worse than 6/12 because of coexisting fundus pathology. A dilated pupil examination at 6 months showed a well-centered IOL in all eyes. Conclusions Phacoemulsification with in-the-bag PC IOL and CTR implantation in eyes with zonular dialysis of up to approximately 150 degrees had a success rate of 90.47%. Visual recovery was not as good as in normal eyes because of the problems associated with zonular dialysis.

To evaluate the visual outcome, stability, and complications of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for residual myopia after radial keratotomy (RK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Chennai, India.Twenty eyes that had LASIK treatment for residual myopia after RK (10 eyes) or PRK (10 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed. Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed after a mean period of 24.3 months +/- 0.75 (SD) in the RK group and 22.0 +/- 1.07 months in the PRK group.At the last follow-up, the mean spherical equivalent was reduced from -6.05 +/- 1.98 diopters (D) to -1.26 +/- 0.32 D (P.05) in the RK group and from -3.38 +/- 1.30 D to -0.55 +/- 0.40 D (P.005) in the PRK group. The mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 20/300 (range 20/600 to 20/200) to 20/40 (range 20/60 to 20/20) (P.05) and from 20/200 (range 20/800 to 20/80) to 20/25 (range 20/40 to 20/20) (P.05), respectively. Two eyes in the RK group and 3 in the PRK group gained 1 line of best corrected visual acuity, and 2 eyes in the RK group lost 1 line. No sight-threatening complications such as a free flap, corneal ectasia, or a retinal complication occurred. There was no statistically significant difference in corneal haze before and after LASIK. Two eyes in the RK group required repositioning of the flap because of irregular apposition to the stromal bed.Laser in situ keratomileusis was safe, effective, and stable in the treatment of residual myopia after RK and PRK.

The occurrence of bilateral choanal atresia in adults is extremely uncommon. A case report of a 20-year-old male presenting with nasal obstruction due to bilateral osseous choanal atresia is discussed for its clinical interest.

Malignancy of the larynx is a large group of malignancies in our country. The advanced stage of laryngeal carcinoma requires total laryngectomy which results in loss of speech along with other psychological and functional damages. Following total laryngectomy, tracheo-oesophageal voice prosthesis offers the most reliable form of voice rehabilitation. At S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur 25 patient underwent speech rehabilitation with voice prosthesis between Dec. 2001 to Dec. 2003. Speech rehabilitation was successful in all patients with few problem associated with indwelling prosthesis.

A10-day-old, full-termgirlpresentedwitha trunklikeprojection from themedial canthus of the left eye (Figure). Therewas noother craniofacial anomaly and bilateral nasal cavities were normal. The trunkwas 2.5 cm in length connected with a thin pedicle. There was mucus discharge from the opening. There was no history of teratogenic exposure, no family history of congenital defects, and no historyof consanguinity. Computed tomography (CT) scan andmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no other associated craniofacial abnormality. Figure. Full-term, 10-day-old girl with a trunklike projection from themedial canthus of the left eye.

Pot experiment was conducted to assess the performance of live earthworms and vermicompost on growth and yield of lady's finger (Abelmoschus esculentus). Among the various treatments, live earthworm + cattle dung (as feed), cow dung compost, vermicompost, chemical fertiliser and control were organised. The results indicated that all growth and yield parameters were found superior and significantly higher (bud initiation – 30 days, flower formation – 36 days, number of buds and flowers – 50 and 47, number of fruits – 225, maximum weight of fruit – 70 g, maximum length of fruit – 23.87 cm) in the pots with live earthworms at the 5% level. Results obtained by earthworm application were best followed by results of vermicompost application.

Consider n cities with specified communication requirements between all pairs of cities. An optimum communication tree has the property that among all the spanning trees connecting the n cities, the sum of its costs of communication for the $n(n - 1)/2$ pairs of cities is minimum. The cost of communication between a pair of nodes, with respect to a spanning tree, is the product of the communication requirement and the length of the path between the two cities. We construct constrained optimum communication trees when (i) certain specified cities are required to be the outer nodes of the communication tree, and when (ii) it is required that certain pairs of cities be connected directly in the communication tree. We further analyse changes in the structure of an optimum communication tree when the communication requirement between a pair of cities is subject to changes. We show that for the whole range $[0,\infty )$, of the communication requirement, there exist at most $(n - 1)$ optimum communication trees...

Twenty five cases of vertigo were sudied in this series. All of them were subjected to Otological and neurological examination following which they were subjected to craniocorpography. It was found that cranicorpography is an important diagnostic aid in scrutinising the patients of vertigo and differentiating between central and peripheral lesion.

Auricularic acid, a spasmolytic diterpene, isolated from Pogostemon auricularis has been characterized as cleistanth-13,15-dien-18-oic acid ( 1 ) with the help of high resolution 2D 1H1H (COSY, NOESY) and 1H13C (Hetero-COSY) n.m.r. studies.