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The aim of the study was to investigate whether the perioperative outcome and the operation-specific process variables in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) significantly deteriorate when the operation is performed by an inexperienced surgeon assisted by an experienced one in the context of a certified endoprosthesis center.1480 patients who received primary THA for primary coxarthrosis between 2013 and 2016 were included. The relevant data were retrospectively documented from the hospital information system, the discharge letter and the EndoCert form. The surgeons were divided according to their qualifications into experienced (senior surgeon, 50 THA per year) and inexperienced surgeons (junior surgeon, 50 THA per year). The collected data and measured variables were then compared based on this subdivision.Inexperienced surgeons showed a significant increase in the duration of the operation by 20.7 min (senior 62.6 ± 20.4 min; junior 83.3 ± 19.5 min; p ≤ 0.001), as well as the length of hospital stay by 0.25 days (senior 8.8 ± 0.9 days; junior 9.0 ± 0.9 days; p ≤ 0.001). The frequency of transfusions of red cell concentrates was significantly increased with inexperienced surgeons (senior 0.6 ± 1.1 items; junior 0.9 ± 1.4 items; p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, there was no difference in perioperative complications (p = 0.682) or in perioperative blood loss (senior 1.3 ± 0.5 l; junior 1.3 ± 0.5 l; p = 0.097). However, there was a positive correlation between the duration of the operation and blood loss (senior r = 0.183; junior r = 0.214; each p ≤ 0.01).The training of inexperienced surgeons at a certified endoprosthesis center does not lead to a reduction in patient safety or increased complications when inexperienced surgeons are assisted by experienced surgeons. Due to the extended operating time, however, there is an additional burden on the clinics in competition with non-training clinics, which is not mapped in the DRG system.HINTERGRUND: Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung, ob sich das perioperative Outcome und operationsspezifische Prozessgrößen bei Patienten mit Hüftgelenksersatz signifikant verschlechtern, wenn die Operation durch einen unerfahrenen Operateur, assistiert durch einen erfahrenen Operateur, im Kontext eines zertifizierten Endoprothesenzentrums durchgeführt wird.Es wurden 1480 Patienten eingeschlossen, die zwischen 2013 und 2016 bei primärer Koxarthrose mit einer primären zementfreien Hüfttotalendoprothese (HTEP) versorgt wurden. Die relevanten Daten wurden retrospektiv aus dem Krankenhausinformationssystem, dem Entlassungsbrief und aus dem EndoCert-Bogen dokumentiert. Die Operateure wurden nach ihrer Qualifikation in erfahrene (Senior, 50 HTEP pro Jahr) und unerfahrene Operateure (Junior, 50 HTEP pro Jahr) unterteilt. Anschließend erfolgte der Vergleich der erhobenen Daten anhand dieser Unterteilung.Es zeigte sich bei unerfahrenen Operateuren eine signifikante Verlängerung der Operationsdauer um 20,7 min (Senior 62,6 ± 20,4 min; Junior 83,3 ± 19,5 min; p ≤ 0,001), der Krankenhausverweildauer um 0,25 Tage (Senior 8,8 ± 0,9 d; Junior 9,0 ± 0,9 d; p ≤ 0,001) und eine Erhöhung der Transfusionshäufigkeit von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (Senior 0,6 ± 1,1 Stk.; Junior 0,9 ± 1,4 Stk.; p ≤ 0,001). Dagegen zeigte sich kein Unterschied bei perioperativen Komplikationen (p = 0,682) und beim perioperativen Blutverlust (Senior 1,3 ± 0,5 l; Junior 1,3 ± 0,5 l; p = 0,097). Zwischen Operationsdauer und Blutverlust bestand allerdings eine positive Korrelation (Senior r = 0,183; Junior r = 0,214; jeweils p ≤ 0,01).Die Ausbildung von unerfahrenen Operateuren an einem zertifizierten Endoprothesenzentrum führt bei Assistenz durch erfahrene Operateure nicht zur Reduktion der Patientensicherheit mit vermehrten Komplikationen. Aufgrund der Operationszeitverlängerung kommt es allerdings zu einer Mehrbelastung der Kliniken im Wettbewerb mit nichtausbildenden Kliniken, die nicht im DRG-System abgebildet ist.

The use of cementless prosthesis has increased in the last 30 years with the aim of improving the long-term results of total hip arthroplasties in young and active patients. Encouraging results have recently been reported for cementless titanium and cobalt chromium stems. However, there are few studies with long-term follow-up, and the majority have analysed several models of uncemented stems due to their modifications over the years. Therefore, the aim was to assess the long-term survival rate of the Mittelmeier Mark III or Autophor 900-S stem. A retrospective cohort study of both gender patients under 70 years old with at least one implanted Mittelmeier Mark III uncemented stem was performed. Survival rate was defined as the proportion of stems that did not need a surgical revision from any cause. Clinical status was evaluated using the Merle d'Aubigne scale modified by Matta (excellent/good/fair/poor). Between 1990 and 1999, 73 stems were implanted. The mean (SD) age at surgical time was 49.3 (9.9) years, and the median (range) of follow-up was 22 (1–28) years. The overall survival rate was 93% (68/73, 95%CI: 85–97%). The stem revisions were due to stem breakage (n = 2), to aseptic loosening (n = 2) and to septic loosening (n = 1). Clinical results were: excellent 84%, good 15% and fair 1.5%. The Mittelmeier Mark III stem had an excellent survival rate with a stable long-term fixation and excellent clinical outcomes.

PURPOSE To compare the coaxial light intensity required during cataract surgery and rate of postoperative visual recovery, with surgical visualization achieved with a traditional analog operating microscope compared with a 3D digital visualization system. SETTING Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York. DESIGN Retrospective, consecutive, single-surgeon series. METHODS Patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery were retrospectively grouped into either: (1) visualization using the binoculars of a standard operating microscope (traditional group) or (2) visualization using a 3D digital visualization system affixed to the same operating microscope (digital group). Note was made in each case of light intensity used, light exposure time, intraoperative and/or postoperative complications, and postoperative visual acuities. RESULTS The study comprised 24 eyes in the traditional group and 27 eyes in the digital group. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in either group and no difference in mean light exposure time, but the mean light intensity used in the digital group was significantly less (18.5% ± 1.5%) than that in the traditional group (43.3% ± 3.7%; P < .001). Furthermore, the digital group achieved a postoperative day 1 visual acuity that was within 2 lines of the postoperative month 1 visual acuity a greater percentage of time than that in the traditional group (81.5% of eyes vs 54.2% of eyes; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Light intensity was significantly decreased in patients who underwent cataract surgery assisted by the 3D digital visualization platform without an increase in complications or surgical time and possibly with a faster postoperative visual recovery.

Veterinary students require deliberate practice to reach competence in surgical bovine castration, but animal availability limits opportunities for practice. We sought to create and validate a surgical bovine castration model consisting of a molded silicone scrotum and testicles to allow students to practice this skill without the use of live animals. We sought to validate the model and associated scoring rubric for use in a veterinary clinical skills course. A convenience sample of third-year veterinary students ( n = 19) who had never castrated a bovine were randomized into two groups. The traditionally trained (T) group performed castration on a live bull calf after a 50-minute instructional lecture. The model-trained (M) group received the same lecture and a 2-hour clinical skills session practicing bovine castration using the model. All students were subsequently digitally recorded while castrating a live bull calf. Performance recordings were scored by an investigator blinded to group. Survey data were collected from the students and from expert veterinarians testing the model ( n = 8). Feedback from both groups was positive. The M group had higher performance scores than the T group (M group, M = 80.6; T group, M = 68.2; p = .005). Reliability of rubric scores was adequate at .74. No difference was found in surgical time (M group, M = 4.5 min; T group, M = 5.5 min; p = .12). Survey feedback indicated that experts and students considered the model useful. Model training improved students’ performance scores and provided evidence for validation of the model and rubric.

Anteromedial portal–guided femoral tunnel preparation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be difficult owing to poor visualization. This may cause iatrogenic damage to the medial femoral condyle cartilage and the posterior cruciate ligament fibers or overdrilling through the lateral femoral cortex, creating difficulties in the use of femoral suspensory devices during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We describe an accurate and safe technique for femoral graft socket preparation using a cannulated, calibrated drill with an adjustable stop and slotted cannula. This easy and reproducible technique uses simple additional instruments and effectively addresses concerns related to femoral graft socket preparation, without requiring additional surgical time., Technique Video Video 1 Femoral tunnel and graft socket preparation technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with cannulated, calibrated drill with adjustable stop and slotted cannula in right knee. The instruments required for preparation of the femoral graft socket, as well as the peculiar features of the drill and the assembly, are shown. The standard anterolateral and anteromedial knee arthroscopy portals are used for ACL reconstruction. The anterolateral portal is used as the viewing portal, and the anteromedial portal is used as the instrumentation portal. The video clearly depicts the safe and accurate method of femoral graft socket preparation for ACL reconstruction.

On December 9, 2019, Whakaari/White Island volcano in New Zealand erupted with 47 people on the island. Thirty-one people survived long enough to enter the New Zealand National Burn network—13 were repatriated to Australia within 72 hours and 14 of the remaining 18 were treated at the National Burn Center at Middlemore Hospital in Auckland. Our department has previously published a model to calculate the total operative requirements for any given burn surface area for the first 4 weeks of burn treatment. From this model, we calculated the predicted surgical time and operative visit requirements for each patient and compared this to their actual requirements. Actual requirements were also recorded beyond 4 weeks until discharge. Results show that the average variance for operative minutes was significantly above predicted with both the full-thickness burn model (average variance 3.24) and the electrical burn model (average variance 2.65). There was a wide range in both cases (0.54–6.17 and 0.44–5.06, respectively). There was less variance from predicted values of operative visits required than operative minutes (mean: 1.58; range 0.9–3.02). Overall, the values for patients with smaller burns showed the greatest variability from predictions with regard to the total number of operative visits during the first 4 weeks of care. Additionally, patients with burn size greater than 50% TBSA required significant theater access beyond 4 weeks. Analysis of these findings will assist with future planning in both disaster and non-disaster settings in the provision of burn care.

A utilização de equipamentos de fluoroscopia - Arco C, por técnicos de radiologia e a interação com diferentes especialidades cirúrgicas é uma área em expansão e com particularidades alinhadas às diversas técnicas cirúrgicas. Nem sempre o número de equipamentos, recursos humanos e as necessidades são compatíveis. Descreve-se um caso técnico-radiológico da “utilização de dois arcos em C na fixação com parafusos na estabilização de trauma do sacro” e dois técnicos de radiologia. As fraturas do sacro são variadas e a opção pela cirurgia está de acordo com o tipo de fratura. A opção quando é cirúrgica obriga à utilização de fluoroscopia, usualmente opta-se apenas por um arco C, pela escassez de equipamentos e recursos humanos. No caso em estudo utilizaram-se dois arcos C da mesma marca e modelo, técnica já descritas na literatura, e dois técnicos de radiologia.As especificidades e posicionamento dos arcos em C, a visualização da fratura em tomografia computorizada (TC), as respetivas inclinações das incidências radiológicas, o posicionamento dos cirurgiões ortopedistas resulta no maior ou menor sucesso da cirurgia. Igualmente a sincronização dos dois técnicos e as especificidades técnicas permitem algum resultado diferenciador. A escolha e adaptação desta solução resultou num bom tempo cirúrgico, num bom conjunto de visualizações imagiológicas sincronizadas e ao mesmo tempo das duas incidências, tornando as práticas radiológicas e os arcos em C aliados imprescindíveis no sucesso da cirurgia, e confirmando que mais equipamentos e mais recursos humanos alocados a estes procedimentos são uma opção a considerar.

Background: The implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL) is still subject to error and complication, as it can result in traumatic opening of the IOL leading to rupture of the posterior capsule and zonular dialysis, it takes time to train paramedic teams to assemble such IOLs with the manual injectors. Moreover, there is a potential risk of comtamination and endophthalmitis as there is manipulation of the IOL and cartridge. The preloaded IOLs tend to reduce those unwanted results and may optimize the surgical time. Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and implantation time between three injectors and three intraocular lenses, two pre-loaded and one conventional. Methodology: Videos of thirty patients undergoing cataract surgery from December 2019 to December 2020 at the Hospital Oftalmologico de Brasilia (HOB), Brasilia, Brazil were included in this observational, analytical retrospective study, non randomized. All patients had their surgeries recorded, from which the time of injection and opening of the intraocular lens (IOL) was extracted, 20 eyes were implanted with preloaded intraocular lens, and 10 eyes with conventional IOL implant. The patients were divided into three groups with similar eye characteristics. The first received the AutonoMeTM (CE) injector with the Clareon® IOL, the second the IsertTM injector (I) with the Hoya® IOL, and the third was injected with Johnson & Johnson Platinum 1 Series injector used to deliver Sensar® One AAB00 lens. The Welch test and Tukey’s Post Hoc test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: It was observed that there was a statistical significance regarding the presence of a haptic stuck (5 Clareon vs 0 Sensar and Hoya), between the mean opening time of the IOL optics Sensar One, Hoya and Clareon (25.00 vs 31.40 vs 11.70 s, p < 0.001) and between the total time (the injection time more the opening time of the IOL) in relation to Hoya and Clareon lenses (39.50 s vs 19.60 s, p < 0.001); the total time of the Sensar IOL was 31.30 s. The opening time of the IOL optics was significantly longer for the Sensar One and Hoya groups compared to Clareon group, and the total time of Hoya group was significantly longer compared to the total time of the Clareon group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the choice of injector and IOL set can significantly affect the total time of IOL implantation. However, there was no difference regarding complications and collateral damage depending on the set chosen for the implant.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of operating time on complications and readmission within 30 days of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to determine if there were specific time intervals associated with worse outcomes.The American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients 18 years of age and older who underwent TKA between 2006 and 2017, using procedural codes. Patient demographic characteristics, operation length and 30-day major and minor complication and readmission rates were captured. We used multivariable regression to determine if the rates of complications and readmission differed depending on the length of the operation, while adjusting for relevant covariables.A total of 263 174 patients who underwent TKA were identified from the database. Their mean age was 66.8 (standard deviation 9.7) years. Within 30 days of the index procedure, 5700 patients (2.2%) experienced a major complication, 5185 (2.0%) experienced a minor complication and 7730 (3.1% of 249 746 patients from 2011 to 2017) were readmitted. Mean operation length was 91.7 minutes (range 30–240 min). After adjustment for relevant covariables, an operating time of 90 minutes or more was a significant predictor of major and minor complications as well as readmission. There was no difference in the odds of complications or readmission for operations lasting 30–49, 50–69 or 70–89 minutes (p0.05).Our data suggest that operating times of 90 minutes or more may be associated with an increase in the 30-day odds of complications and readmission following TKA. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine the influence of surgical time on outcomes when there is increased case complexity.Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer l’influence de la durée opératoire sur les taux de complications et de réadmission dans les 30 jours suivant une arthroplastie totale du genou (ATG) et de déterminer si certaines durées étaient associées à des issues défavorables.Nous avons interrogé la base de données du National Surgical Quality Improvement Program de l’American College of Surgeons pour repérer, à l’aide de codes d’acte, les patients de 18 ans et plus ayant subi une ATG entre 2006 et 2017. Les caractéristiques démographiques des patients, la durée opératoire et les taux de complications mineures et majeures et de réadmission dans les 30 jours suivant l’intervention ont été relevés. Nous nous sommes servis d’une régression logistique multivariée pour déterminer si les taux de complications et de réadmission variaient selon la durée opératoire, tout en tenant compte des covariables pertinentes.Au total, 263 174 patients ayant subi une ATG ont été repérés dans la base de données. L’âge moyen était de 66,8 ans (écart type : 9,7 ans). Dans les 30 jours suivant l’intervention de référence, 5700 patients (2,2 %) ont présenté une complication majeure et 5185 (2,0 %), une complication mineure; 7730 patients (3,1 % des 249 746 patients ayant subi une ATG entre 2011 et 2017) ont été réhospitalisés. La durée opératoire moyenne était de 91,7 minutes (plage 30–240 minutes). Après la prise en compte des covariables pertinentes, une durée opératoire de 90 minutes ou plus était un facteur prédictif significatif de complications mineures ou majeures et de réadmission. Aucune différence n’a été constatée quant à la probabilité de complications ou de réadmission pour les chirurgies durant de 30–49 minutes, de 50–69 minutes et de 70–89 minutes (p0,05).Ces données laissent croire qu’une durée opératoire de 90 minutes ou plus peut être associée à une hausse des taux de complications et de réadmission dans les 30 jours suivant une ATG. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats et déterminer l’influence de la durée opératoire sur les issues des patients au cas complexe.

PURPOSE To identify barriers and facilitators to adopting deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for nonendothelial corneal pathology. METHODS An anonymous survey consisting of 22 multiple choice and free text questions was designed to gather information on demographic factors of surgeons and DALK surgical practices. The survey was emailed to members of the kera-net, a global online corneal surgeon/surgery platform. RESULTS A total of 100 surgeons completed the survey, most of whom practice in the United States (73%). Most surgeons (89%) reported performing DALK. Surgeons who did not learn DALK during fellowship (34%) tended to be in practice for higher numbers of years (P < 0.001). Surgeons in private practice are more likely to perform DALK versus those in other settings (92.7% vs. 80.8%, P = 0.087). Surgeons performing more corneal surgeries (at least 100 per year) are more likely to perform DALK than those who perform fewer than 100 per year (52% vs. 14%, P = 0.01). Surgeons who perform Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty are more likely to perform DALK than those who do not (81.7% vs. 18.3%, P = 0.014). There was also a positive correlation between PK and DALK surgical volumes (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.57, P < 0.001). The main reasons for surgeon preference for DALK over PK were a desire to preserve the endothelium, intraoperative safety, and decreased complications. Longer surgical time and low patient volume were cited as barriers to adoption of DALK. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in DALK technique that reduce surgical time and providing more learning opportunities for DALK might improve adoption.

Background. Computer-assisted navigation surgery has been gaining increasing importance in several orthopaedic fields in the last decade. However, none of the previous studies has described a navigated system in the intramedullary nailing of pertrochanteric femoral fractures. This prospective comparative study aims to compare, for the first time, a navigated pertrochanteric intramedullary nailing system (EBA NAV) to a traditional cephalo-medullary nail (EBA2). Materials and methods. 100 patients with 31-A1 or 31-A2 pertrochanteric femoral fractures were recruited from January to September 2020. Twenty patients were managed using the EBA-NAV system, whereas 80 patients were treated using a traditional cephalomedullary nail (EBA2) implanted under fluoroscopic guidance. The set-up time of the operating room (ST-OR), surgical time, exposure time to ionising radiation and the dose area product (DAP) were compared in the two groups. Results. Although the ST-OR was longer in patients managed with EBA NAV compared with EBA2 system, shorter surgical time and radiation exposure time was observed during EBA NAV surgery. Furthermore, significant DAP reduction was observed during the EBA NAV procedure. Conclusions. This preliminary study shows that EBA NAV navigated pertrochanteric intramedullary nail allows standardisation of the surgical technique, regardless of the surgeon’s experience, and significantly reduces exposure to ionising radiation, both in terms of time and DAP. EBA NAV could also play a key role in improving the learning curve of residents.

Scientific knowledge today is being generated more rapidly than we can assimilate thus requiring continuous review of gold-standards for diagnosis and treatment of specific pathologies. The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the best early management of spinal cord injury (SCI), in order to produce acceptable worldwide recommendations to standardize clinical practice as much as possible.The WFNS Spine Committee voted recommendations regarding management of SCI based on literature review of the last 10 years. The committee stated 9 recommendations on 3 main topics: (1) clinical assessment and classification of SCI; (2) emergency care and early management; (3) cardiopulmonary management. American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale, Spinal Cord Independence Measure, and International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Pain Data Set are considered the most useful and feasible in emergency evaluation and follow-up in case of SCI. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most indicated examination to evaluate patients with symptomatic SCI. In early phase, correction of hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg), and bradycardia are strongly recommended. Surgical decompression should be performed as soon as possible with the ideal surgical time being within 8 hours for both complete and incomplete lesions.

Owners of a juvenile domestic yak elected bilateral ovariectomy to prevent future reproduction. The yak was noted to be healthy at presentation. Both ovaries were removed using a laparoscopic approach as follows: after induction and maintenance of general inhalant anesthesia, 15 degrees Trendelenburg positioning was required to view the ovaries. Ovariectomy was conducted within a surgical time of 50 minutes. Due to the small ovarian size, portal enlargement was not necessary for removal. Mild hemorrhage from the left ovarian pedicle was controlled with application of a vessel-sealing device. Postoperative complications were not encountered during hospitalization. At 12 months following surgery, the yak was healthy, and the owner was highly satisfied with the procedure. The described approach was successful for performing laparoscopic ovariectomy in a juvenile yak. Positioning for surgery was similar to other small ruminant species. Further case enrollment is needed to optimize the surgical approach and better describe clinical outcomes.

Introduction: Erich arch bar used for maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) since decades has several disadvantages such as risks of injury, additional operating room time, and gingival trauma. To overcome these downsides, modified Erich arch bar was introduced; however, there is not much available literature, indicating the efficacy of modified Erich arch bar over that of conventional arch bar wire. Therefore, the present study focuses on comparing efficiency of modified arch bar with conventional arch bar. Materials and Methods: This comparative randomized study was conducted on 32 patients that required MMF and were divided into Group A patients who received intermaxillary fixation (IMF) with modified Erich arch bars and Group B patients with conventional Erich arch bars. The parameters recorded were average surgical time required, wire prick injuries, IMF stability, occlusal stability, screw loosening, oral hygiene status, and vitality response of the teeth. The variables were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The wire prick injury, intraoperative time noted in Group A was significantly reduced in comparison to Group B (P < 0.0001). Debris indices were significantly good in Group A in comparison to Group B (P < 0.0001). Nonvitality response of tooth was significantly more in Group B than in Group A patients (P < 0.05). Discussion: The efficiency of modified Erich arch bar group was superior to the conventional arch bar with very limited restrictions.

Introduction: The use of three-dimensional models in the diagnosis, planification and treatment of the maxillofacial area pathology has been included in publications since 1980, and has enabled to minimize surgical time, reducing peri and postoperative morbidity, and optimizing surgical results. Currently, the market offers a huge range of 3D printers and materials which allows biomodels to be printed for medical purposes. The purpose of the following paper is to describe the use of two types of three-dimensional models in the therapeutic planning of two cases of mandibular cysts. Case Report: Two cases of mandibular dentigerous cysts are described, in which osteosynthesis plates were used to prevent pathological fractures, pre-modeled together with acrylic positioners on three-dimensional models and printed in different ways. Postoperative clinical and tomographic controls were performed. Conclusion: The knowledge of the properties of the different materials available for the construction of three-dimensional models allows selecting the one that best suits the case needs required, minimizing surgical times and optimizing the results.

Introduction Digital technology has been progressively introduced into tooth autotransplantation to enhance both treatment planning and surgery. The aim of this report was to describe a novel protocol for fully guided tooth autotransplantation. Methods This report includes 10 consecutive patients treated with a complete virtual planning and a multidrilling axis surgical guide in combination with the computer-aided rapid prototyping model. Results All transplanted teeth fulfilled the criteria for success over a mean follow-up duration of 13.1 months. No signs of progressive root resorption or pain were found during follow-up. One case required minimal adjustment of the surgical stent to allow correct seating, whereas a second case could not be performed fully guided because of limited mouth opening. Conclusions Our protocol for fully guided tooth autotransplantation is a viable option that involves minimal bone preparation in a short surgical time. Future research should focus on further investigation of the benefits of this novel protocol in a larger sample.

Minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity have seen growing popularity since the 1990s. The purpose of this article is to assess the existing body of literature as to the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive techniques and identify areas for further development. The appeal of minimizing soft tissue damage, reducing surgical time, and faster recovery is currently offset by the initial learning curve and a lack of high-quality studies regarding minimally invasive techniques. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend one minimally invasive technique over another and further high-level evidence studies are warranted.

Multidirectionally unstable supracondylar humeral fractures cause severe instability in both flexion and extension movements. The traditional closed reduction often fails to overcome this lack of stability. The aim of this study is to use a closed reduction technique with a transolecranon pin to achieve temporary stability. From 35 pediatric multidirectionally unstable supracondylar humeral fractures hospitalized between March 2012 and March 2018 at our hospital, 23 fractures (65.7%) were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) (group 1) and the remaining twelve fractures (34.3%) were treated utilizing a transolecranon pin joystick technique of CRPP (group 2). Both groups were followed over 16 weeks. The outcomes of our analysis included surgical time, times of fluoroscopy, Baumann angle, postoperative range of motion and complications. The surgical time and times of fluoroscopy were significantly shorter for patients in group 2 when compared with group 1 (P < 0.05). All cases showed restoration of the normal anterior humeral line-capitellar relationship. However, the quality of reduction on the anteroposterior radiographic view was significantly better for patients in group 2 than that of group 1 (P < 0.05). No immediate postoperative complications were observed. The range of motion was similar in both groups during the last follow-up appointment. A transolecranon pin is a safe and effective method for closed reduction of multidirectionally unstable supracondylar humeral fractures in children. The joystick technique can shorten surgical time and improve quality of reduction with no increasing risk of complications. Level of evidence: level III.

Meniscal injuries are common in the population, representing the major cause of functional impairment in the knee. Vertical longitudinal injuries of the meniscus can be stable or unstable. When extensive, they are commonly unstable and can lead to clinical signs of significant functional disability. Vertical longitudinal injuries have the best prognosis for repair, especially when occurring in the meniscal periphery, called the red-red zone. A recently developed type of meniscal suture device called Meniscus 4 A-II enables the surgeon to perform a meniscal suture from the inside-out continuously, reducing surgical time. Because it allows the surgeon to use a single and inexpensive device to repair the entire injury, costs are significantly reduced. Here, an approach to carry out continuous meniscal repair with vertical sutures is described. This technique warrants excellent stability to the meniscal repair, increasing the chances of a successful outcome. We believe that the popularization of the repair technique from the inside out using the Meniscus 4-All device will help many surgeons around the world save menisci that otherwise would have a great chance of being excised, since it is a cheap, reproducible, and easy-to-handle device.

Background Excessive bleeding is one of the most severe complications of orthognathic surgery (OGS). This study investigated the associations of intraoperative blood loss and surgical time with the direction of maxillary movement.Methods This retrospective study involved patients who underwent OGS from October 2017 to February 2020. They were classified based on whether maxillary setback was performed into groups A1 and B1, respectively. Relative blood loss (RBL, %) was used as an indicator to compare intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The surgical time of the two groups was also measured. Subsequently, the patients were reclassified based on whether posterior impaction of the maxilla was performed into groups A2 and B2, respectively. RBL and surgical time were measured in the two groups. Simple linear and multiple regression analyses were performed. P-values

Background The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of transanal endoscopic surgery (TES) in obese patients. Methods Observational descriptive study evaluating the feasibility of TES in obese rectal tumors between June 2004 and January 2019. Patients were assigned to two groups: body mass index (BMI) Results From 775 patients, 681 were enrolled in the study, 145 (21.3%) of them obese. No statistically significant differences between groups were found with respect to overall morbidity (27, 18.6%).The obese patients presented trends towards shorter mean surgical time (65 min, IQR 48 min), less perforation in the peritoneal cavity (eight, 5.5%), and 133 (91.7%) presented a lower rate of lesion fragmentation. Conclusion There were no significant differences in postoperative outcomes in obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). TES in those obese patients does not represent a factor of surgical difficulty.

Retrospective comparative study The goal of this study was to investigate fluoroscopy time and radiation exposure during pediatric spine surgery using a dedicated radiology technologist with extensive experience in spine operating rooms. Repetitive use of intraoperative fluoroscopy during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) exposes the patient, surgeon, and staff to radiation. Retrospective review was conducted on patients with posterior spinal fusion (PSF) of ≥ 7 levels for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) at a pediatric hospital from 2015 to 2019. Cases covered by the dedicated radiology technologist (dedicated group) were compared to all other cases (non-dedicated group). Surgical and radiologic variables were compared between groups. 230 patients were included. 112/230 (49%) were in the dedicated group and 118/230 (51%) were in the non-dedicated group. Total fluoroscopy time was significantly reduced in cases with the dedicated technologist (46 s) compared to those without (69 s) (p = 0.001). Radiation dose area product (DAP) and air kerma (AK) were reduced by 43% (p

espanolLas heridas cronicas de origen traumatico, con exposicion de tejidos, requieren de un desbridamiento adecuado, lavado y una pronta cubierta para evitar la infeccion y la desecacion. A veces, incluso deben ser ampliadas para realizar un adecuado desbri-damiento quirurgico; por lo que, al intentar una cobertura completa, el resultado es una herida a tension, que se complica con inflamacion, infeccion y la dehiscencia que se acentua aun mas si esta en una zona de flexion, como la rodilla. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 28 anos, que acudio a emergencias con un antecedente de herida traumatica en la rodilla derecha, signos de retraso de la cicatrizacion, tejido de granulacion friable, exposicion de la rotula, abundante secrecion serosa y dolor al movimiento con rango limitado. Se la trato en un solo tiempo quirurgico con desbridamiento, irrigacion y cobertura completa de la herida mediante la tecnica de “pie-crusting” EnglishChronic wounds of traumatic origin, with tissue exposure, require adequate debridement, lavage and prompt coverage to prevent infection and desiccation. Wounds may even require to be enlarged in order to perform an adequate surgical debridement. En-larged wound attempts to perform a complete coverage may result in tension wound closures, which are complicated by inflam-mation, infection, and dehiscence and aggravated when located on flexure areas, such as on the knee. We report the case of a 28-year female patient, who presented to the Emergency Department with a history of traumatic wound in the right knee and signs of delayed healing, friable granulation tissue, exposed patella, increased serous drainage, and painful limited range of motion. She underwent a single surgical time procedure with debridement, irrigation, and complete coverage of the wound with the help of the pie-crusting technique.

Introducción: La enfermedad hemorroidal es la patología proctológica más frecuente, tiene una prevalencia de entre 4.4% y 36.4%. Sin embargo, solo el 10% de los casos requiere manejo quirúrgico. Se estima que más del 50% de los mayores de 50 años puede presentar algún problema derivado de esta enfermedad. El objetivo de presente artículo es describir el manejo quirúrgico de hemorroides internas en un centro de referencia de Manizales entre el 2010 y el 2017 y compararlo con los estudios relacionados al respecto, para así mejorar las decisiones quirúrgicas en pacientes con hemorroides. Metodología: Es un estudio retrospectivo, analítico, realizado con una población con diagnóstico de hemorroides grado II, III y IV sometida a hemorroidectomía entre el 2010 y 2017 en un centro de referencias de Manizales (Caldas), con seguimiento de 12 meses. Resultados: De 809 pacientes diagnosticados, la principal indicación quirúrgica fue el sangrado (38.7%). La mayoría correspondieron a grado III (36.6%). La técnica convencional fue la más realizada (69.9%). De las no convencionales (30.1%), el abordaje endoscópico para ligadura de bandas se utilizó en 20 pacientes (21.5%), bisturí armónico (4.3%) y con engrapadora PPH (4.3%). Discusión: En este estudio la técnica convencional fue la más realizada, el dolor posoperatorio es una de las variables de más impacto clínico en los pacientes llevados a hemorroidectomía, por lo que se busca, con las alternativas quirúrgicas, la disminución del dolor en las hemorroides. Conclusión: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tiempo quirúrgico, el nivel de especialización y complicaciones. Las técnicas convencionales siguen siendo las más utilizadas. El manejo endoscópico, la engrapadora PPH y el bisturí armónico ofrecen alternativas seguras y válidas para el manejo de esta patología. Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is the most frequent proctological pathology, with a prevalence ranging between 4.4% and 36.4%. However, only 10% of cases require surgical procedures. More than 50% of people over the age of 50 are estimated to have a problem derived from this disease. This article’s objective is to describe the surgical management of internal hemorrhoids at a referral center in Manizales between 2010 and 2017, to compare it to related studies, in order to improve surgical decisions regarding patients with hemorrhoids. Methodology: This is a retrospective, analytical study performed with a population diagnosed with second-, third- or fourth-degree hemorrhoids who were subject to a hemorrhoidectomy between 2010 and 2017 at a referral center in Manizales (Caldas), with a 12-month follow-up period. Results: Out of 809 diagnosed patients, the main surgical indication was bleeding (38.7%). Most corresponded to third-degree hemorrhoids (36.6%). Conventional techniques were performed the most (69.9%). With respect to non-conventional techniques (30.1%), endoscopic approaches for band ligation were performed on 20 patients (21.5%), harmonic scalpels were used on 4.3% and PPH staplers on 4.3%, Discussion: Conventional techniques were used most in this study. Postoperative pain is one of the most clinically impactful variables on patients subject to hemorrhoidectomies, for which reason pain reduction during hemorrhoids is sought through surgical alternatives. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were found between surgical time, the level of specialization and complications. Conventional techniques continue to be the most widely used. Endoscopic approaches, PPH staplers and harmonic scalpels offer safe and valid alternatives for handling this pathology. Introdução: A doença hemorroidária é a patologia proctológica mais frequente, com prevalência entre 4.4% e 36.4%. No entanto, apenas 10% dos casos requerem tratamento cirúrgico. Estima-se que mais de 50% das pessoas com mais de 50 anos de idade possam apresentar algum problema derivado dessa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o tratamento cirúrgico de hemorroidas internas em um centro de referência em Manizales entre 2010 e 2017, e compará-lo com estudos relacionados, a fim de melhorar as decisões cirúrgicas em pacientes com hemorroidas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo analítico e retrospectivo, realizado com uma população diagnosticada com hemorroidas de grau II, III e IV, submetidas a hemorroidectomia entre 2010 e 2017 em um centro de referência em Manizales (Caldas), com seguimento de 12 meses. Resultados: Dos 809 pacientes diagnosticados, a principal indicação cirúrgica foi sangramento (38.7%). A maioria correspondeu ao grau III (36.6%). A técnica convencional foi a mais realizada (69.9%). Dos não convencionais (30.1%), a abordagem endoscópica para ligação da banda foi utilizada em 20 pacientes (21.5%), bisturi harmônico (4.3%) e com grampeador de PPH (4.3%). Discussão: Neste estudo, a técnica convencional foi a mais realizada, a dor pós-operatória é uma das variáveis com maior impacto clínico nos pacientes submetidos à hemorroidectomia, motivo pelo qual, com as alternativas cirúrgicas, busca-se a redução da dor nas hemorroidas. Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o tempo cirúrgico, o nível de especialização e as complicações. As técnicas convencionais ainda são as mais utilizadas. O tratamento endoscópico, o grampeador PPH e o bisturi harmônico oferecem alternativas seguras e válidas para o tratamento dessa patologia.

Arthroscopic Latarjet is a relatively new, but viable option for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopic Latarjet has the advantage of faster recovery, reduced stiffness, identification of additional shoulder pathology, and improved cosmesis when compared with open Latarjet. By the majority of clinical and radiographic parameters, arthroscopic Latarjet produces equivalent outcomes compared with open Latarjet. A relatively substantial learning curve for arthroscopic Latarjet exists at about 25 cases; however, multiple studies have demonstrated comparable outcomes and surgical time after the learning curve.

Aim: To compare the results of anterior flap suturing with excision of posterior flaps and both anterior & posterior flaps suturing in external DCR Materials and Methods:Total 46 patients were divided into 2 groups, 23 in each. In Group A cases with anterior flap anastamosis were included and in group B cases with double flap suturing were included. Comparison was done in terms of ease of procedure, total surgical time, recurrence and success rate. Mean surgical time was evaluated in both the groups. Results: Mean age in years was 53.56 7.19. Suturing the flaps was found convenient and easy in Group A (91.30%) in comparison to group B (13.04%). Total mean surgical time was 55.09 3.96 minutes. In Group A it was 51.43 0.99 minutes and in group B it was 58.74 1.78 minutes. In Group A mean surgical time was less in comparison to group B and it was statistically highly significant. Success rate assessed by patent syringing, was 91.30% in Group A and 95.65% in Group B. Conclusion: Only anterior flap suturing with trimming of posterior flaps in comparison to double flap anastamosis makes external DCR an easy and less time consuming procedure. Keywords: Anterior flap suturing, Chronic Dacryocystitis, DCR, Double flap anastamosis, Recurrence.

Objectives:Neural tube defects are the most common congenital malformation of the central nervous system. Identification, classification and treatment of spinal malformations are important in terms of prognosis of the neural functions. In this study, the data of 54 patients who underwent surgical treatment for myelomeningocele in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively.Materials and Methods:Demographic data, clinical characteristics, accompanying anomalies, timing of surgery, rates of complications, and length of hospital stay were recorded.Results:Of the 54 patients included in our study, 27 (50%) were female and 27 (50%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 3.5 (1-22) days. There were consanguinity between 21 (38.9%) parents. The patients had myelomeningocele sac in the lumbosacral region (50%) at most. Since 15 (27.7%) out of the 54 patients that accepted to the clinic, were brought to the hospital 72 hours after birth, the late surgery was applied. Newborns who underwent surgical repair after the first 48 hours had longer length of hospital stay and higher complication rates. Ten (18.5%) patients had rupture of myelomeningocele sac on admission to hospital. Forty-one (%76) patients had hydrocephalus.Conclusion:It is very important to refer patients with myelomeningocele to an appropriate medical center, where they will be treated in the early period, considering the effects of early surgical treatment on survival and quality of life.

Author(s): Xi, Zhuo; Chou, Dean; Mummaneni, Praveen V; Burch, Shane | Abstract: OBJECTIVE:The oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) can be done with either fluoroscopy or navigation. However, it is unclear how navigation affects the overall flow of the procedure. We wished to report on the accuracy of this technique using navigation and on how navigation affects surgical time and complications. METHODS:A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate patients who underwent OLIF using spinal navigation at University of California San Francisco. Data collected were demographic variables, perioperative variables, and radiographic images. Postoperative lateral radiographs were analyzed for accuracy of cage placement. The disc space was divided into 4 quadrants from anterior to posterior, zone 1 being anterior, and zone 4 being posterior. The accuracy of cage placement was assessed by placement. RESULTS:There were 214 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 350 levels were instrumented from L1 to L5 using navigation. The mean follow-up time was 17.42 months. The mean surgical time was 211 minutes, and the average surgical time per level was 129.01 minutes. After radiographic analysis, 94.86% of cages were placed within quartiles 1 to 3. One patient (0.47%) underwent revision surgery because of suboptimal cage placement. For approach-related complications, transient neurological symptoms were 10.28%, there was no vascular injury. CONCLUSION:The use of navigation to perform OLIF from L1 to L5 resulted in a cage placement accuracy rate of 94.86% in 214 patients.

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico convencional y laparoscópico de los tumores renales en nuestro centro médico. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se analizó la base de datos de pacientes con tumores renales tratados mediante nefrectomía radical laparoscópica y abierta entre enero de 2013 y abril de 2019 y se analizaron variables clínicas, bioquímicas e histopatológicas, así como el tiempo de seguimiento. Resultados: Se realizaron 50 nefrectomías laparoscópicas y 44 abiertas. En general la mediana de edad fue 60 años, el sexo masculino y el riñón derecho fueron los más intervenidos (58.5% y 57.4%), el tamaño promedio del tumor fue menor para el abordaje laparoscópico que para el abierto (5.1 cm vs 6 cm), en ambos procedimientos el estadio clínico más frecuente fue el I y la estadificación pT1 representó el 60.6%, el sangrado promedio y los días de estancia intrahospitalaria fueron menores para el procedimiento laparoscópico que para el abierto (372ml vs 419ml y 1.9 vs 3.7 días) y el tiempo quirúrgico fue mayor en la nefrectomía laparoscópica que en la abierta (164 vs 133 minutos). Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico radical para los tumores renales sigue siendo el estándar de oro. Como opciones de este tratamiento se tiene al procedimiento laparoscópico y al convencional, obteniendo resultados oncológicos similares.

To analyze the impact of the initial vision and surgical time for endoscopic transnasal/transethmosphenoid optic canal decompression (ETOCD) in the treatment of indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). This retrospective case series analysis included 72 patients with indirect TON who underwent ETOCD from August 2017 to May 2019. Visual acuity (VA) was compared before and after surgery to estimate the improvement rate. The overall VA improvement rate of ETOCD was 54.2%. There were 83.3% and 33.3% improvement rate of patients with residual vision and blindness, respectively. VA was improved in 60.9% of patients treated within 3 days, 61.5% treated within 7 days, and 35.0% treated later than 7 days. Of the blindness patients, 50.0%, 37.5%, and 0.0% were treated within 3 days, 3–7 days, and later than 7 days, respectively. Of patients with residual vision, 85.7%, 92.3%, and 70.0% were treated within 3 days, 3–7 days, and later than 7 days, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between patients with residual vision and those with blindness (P

O objetivo primário é avaliar e comparar os diversos desfechos cirúrgicos nas cirurgias de reconstrução de trânsito entre pacientes obesos e não obesos. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo, observacional e unicêntrico por meio da análise de prontuários médicos de 26 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reconstrução de trânsito intestinal a entre julho de 2016 e outubro de 2018. Foram incluídos na amostra 26 pacientes dos quais 16 submetidos a abaixamento de cólon laparoscópico e 7 convencional, além de 2 reconstrução de ileostomias terminais laparoscópicas e 1 convencionais. Foram excluídos pacientes com ostomia em alça. Avaliados com auxílio da classificação de complicações de Clavien-Dindo. Foi identificado uma diferença significativa na incidência de complicações grau II entre o grupo de pacientes obesos e não obesos. (p = 0,047) Foi identificado maior tendência de complicações grau III no grupo dos obesos. (p = 0,052). A taxa de conversão mostrou-se maior no grupo com a comorbidade. Não houve diferença significativa no tempo cirúrgico. A obesidade mostrou-se fator de piora para desfechos cirúrgicos na amostra analisada. Os pacientes com obesidade devem ser orientados dos riscos cirúrgicos elevados.

Previous research focused on the qualitative discussion of the correlation between surgical time and mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP). Recommendations for surgical timing of necrotizing pancreatitis are delayed as far as possible, without recommendations for individuals. The aim of this article is to predict timing of surgical intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis with recurrent neural network (RNN). Time series data in AP were retrospectively extracted from a hospital in China (n = 15,813) to develop model, and the Cerner Health Facts database in the United States (n = 142,650) was used to externally validate. The developed model, time-aware Phased-Decay long short-term memory (LSTM), was used to predict timing of surgical intervention and critical clinical features in necrotizing pancreatitis based on laboratory tests, compared to other machine learning models. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RNN-based models was more than 0.70. The AUC of time-aware Phased-Decay LSTM (0.75) with more explanatory was similar to that (0.76) of Phased-Decay LSTM to predict surgical timing. The developed model visualized the specific surgical process and laboratory indicators changes for the patients with AP from the onset to discharge. Different clinical features had different contribution modes with time to the specific surgical event in AP. Heart function contributed the most to the prediction of surgical intervention at the onset and in the first week. Our developed model could monitor the specific surgical process from the onset of AP to discharge and extract the contribution modes of clinical features with time in necrotizing pancreatitis.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of piezoelectric device for implant site preparation clinically and radiographically. Materials and methods: The study included 12 patients divided into two groups. The group A received implants prepared with the conventional drills (CDs), while, group B, the piezoelectric devices (PEDs) were used. The stability of implant was measured, immediately, at 2 months, and 4 months after the implant insertion. Also, the drilling time was recorded. While, the Marginal bone loss (MBL) and Bone mineral density (BMD) were recorded immediately, at 3, and 6 months after implant insertion. Results: Group B had a significant higher ISQ values all over the follow up periods. The drilling time of ISP was significantly higher in group B. Regarding the MBL, there was no a statistical significant difference. The BMD increased significantly in group B immediately, and at 3 month. Conclusion: The osseointegration of implants prepared with PED was significantly greater than that of implants which prepared with the CDs all over the time points, but the PEDs need significantly longer surgical time than the CDs

We present the case of a 30-year-old female with primary infertility who had multiple large myomas up to 22 weeks uterine size. She had a body mass index of 42 kg/m2 and also concurrent endometriosis, for which she was on medical management. After meticulous preoperative planning, total robotic myomectomy and endometriosis clearance was done. Four large myomas weighing a total of 750 g were removed after morcellation. Console time was 160 min, and she made an uneventful recovery with only 0.1 g/dL drop in hemoglobin. Robotic myomectomy is considered as an improvement over laparotomy for patients with up to three myomas and when the surgical time does not exceed 4 hours. We were successful in our attempt at total robotic myomectomy to extend these limits and had a positive surgical outcome.

Introduction We investigated all-cause mortality following emergency laparotomy at 1 and 5 years. We aimed to establish a basis from which to advise patients and relatives on long-term mortality. Methods Local data from a historical audit of emergency laparotomies from 2010 to 2012 were combined with National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) data from 2017 to 2020. Covariates collected included deprivation status, preoperative blood work, baseline renal function, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, operative time, anaesthetic time and gender. Associations between covariates and survival were determined using multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis. We used patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2015 and 2020 as controls. Results ASA grade was the best discriminator of long-term outcome following laparotomy (n=894) but was not a predictor of survival following cholecystectomy (n=1,834), with mortality being significantly greater in the laparotomy group. Following cholecystectomy, 95% confidence intervals for survival at 5 years were 98–99%. Following laparotomy these intervals were: ASA grade 1, 79–96%; ASA grade 2, 69–82%; ASA grade 3, 44–58%; ASA grade 4, 33–48%; and ASA grade 5, 4–51%. The majority of deaths occurred after 30 days. Conclusions Emergency laparotomy is associated with a significantly increased risk of death in the following 5 years. The risk is strongly correlated to ASA grade. Thirty-day mortality estimation is not a good basis on which to advise patients and carers on long-term outcomes. ASA grade can be used to predict long-term outcomes and to guide patient counsel.

The new three-dimensional (3D) high-definition (HD) exoscope enables surgeons to perform a precise surgical dissection of the parotid region with a real 3D magnification of the anatomical structures, with low risk for iatrogenic lesions of the facial nerve, without delay in the surgical time. The 3D-HD exoscope is a light instrument, smaller than the operative microscope, that can be easily integrated into the surgical theater. Furthermore, it shows high potential for training and educational purposes as the surgical staff can easily follow the procedure on 3D monitors and better perceive the surgeon's fine gestures. The 3D-HD exoscope is a valid alternative to the surgical loupes and the operative microscope in the parotid surgery.

Introduction Robotic neck dissection surgery allows less invasiveness to significantly improve the aesthetic impact even though it does not compromise the principles of radical cancer procedure. Objective The aim of our work is to describe our personal experience with robotic neck dissection surgery. Methods A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing 10 patients subjected to a robotic neck dissection surgery. In the period from August 2012 to December 2018, these patients have been treated exclusively with robotic lateral-cervical dissection. Five of them were subjected to robotic-assisted transaxillary neck dissection (RATAND) and the other 5 treated with robotic-assisted retroauricular neck dissection (RARAND), then the surgical results have been compared with 5 similar dissections performed by open neck dissection (OND). Results The average surgical time of RATAND was estimated in 166 minutes, the average surgical time of RARAND was estimated in 153 minutes and the average surgical time of OND was estimated in 48 minutes. Both robotic techniques are valid from the oncological and aesthetic point of view, but in terms of surgical time, they are much longer than the open technique. Conclusions In terms of the post-operative decree, in our opinion, the retroauricular technique is more rapid for the purposes of recovery.

In knee arthroscopy, two portals were traditionally used to perform surgery. In the last decade, the novel technique of single-portal knee arthroscopy has been investigated with promising results. This randomized control trial comparing single-portal to double-portal knee arthroscopy reports surgical time as the primary outcome. Secondly, post-operative knee function for up to 12 months is measured using a validated questionnaire. Third, post-operative pain scores and medication use are also reported.

The main complication of primary pterygium surgery is the recurrence of the pterygium. In the present study, we aimed to compare a classical technique and facilitated tenon-free conjunctival autograft preparation and a limited tenon removal technique in pterygium surgery in terms of recurrence rate, complications, and operation duration.This is a retrospective, comparative, observational study. Group 1 comprised 120 eyes of 115 patients who underwent pterygium excision with a new facilitated tenon-free conjunctival-limbal autograft preparation and limited tenon removal technique between May 2017 and October 2019. Group 2 comprised 117 eyes of 113 patients who underwent pterygium excision with a conventional conjunctival-limbal autograft technique between January 2016 and May 2017.The mean follow-up time after surgery was 18.2 ± 5.8 months in group 1 and 19.1 ± 6.3 months in group 2 (p = 0.25). The mean operation duration was 5.54 ± 1.22 (4 - 7) minutes in group 1 and 8.23 ± 1.26 (8 - 10) minutes in group 2 (p = 0.02). Flap edema was present in 33 eyes (28.2%) in group 2 and in 11 eyes (9.16%) in group 1. Flap edema was significantly higher in group 2 (p 0.001). At the end of the 1-year follow-up of the patients, we observed recurrence in only one (0.83%) eye in group 1 and 14 (11.96%) eyes in group 2. The recurrence rate of group 1 was significantly less than that of group 2 (p 0.001).The simplified technique of tenon-free conjunctival autograft preparation and limited tenon removal yielded better clinical outcomes without serious complications. Additionally, this technique shortened the surgical time and reduced surgeon-dependent factors.ZIEL: Die Hauptkomplikation der primären Pterygiumchirurgie ist das Wiederauftreten des Pterygiums. In der vorliegenden Studie wollten wir die klassische Technik und die erleichterte Technik der Tenon-Kapsel-freien konjunktivalen Autograftpräparation mit der limitierten Technik der Tenon-Kapsel-Entfernung in der Pterygiumchirurgie hinsichtlich Rezidivrate, Komplikationen und Operationsdauer vergleichen.Dies ist eine retrospektive, vergleichende Beobachtungsstudie. Gruppe 1 umfasste 120 Augen von 115 Patienten, die sich zwischen Mai 2017 und Oktober 2019 einer Pterygiumexzision mit einer neuen erleichterten Tenon-Kapsel-freien konjunktival-limbalen Autotransplantatpräparation und einer limitierten Tenon-Kapsel-Entfernungstechnik unterzogen. Gruppe 2 umfasste 117 Augen von 113 Patienten, bei denen zwischen Januar 2016 und Mai 2017 eine Pterygiumexzision mit konventioneller konjunktival-limbaler Autografttechnik durchgeführt wurde.Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit nach der Operation betrug 18,2 ± 5,8 Monate in Gruppe 1 und 19,1 ± 6,3 Monate in Gruppe 2 (p = 0,25). Die mittlere Operationsdauer betrug 5,54 ± 1,22 (4 – 7) Minuten in Gruppe 1 und 8,23 ± 1,26 (8 – 10) Minuten in Gruppe 2 (p = 0,02). Ein Lappenödem war in Gruppe 2 bei 33 Augen (28,2%) und in Gruppe 1 bei 11 Augen (9,16%) vorhanden. In Gruppe 2 war das Lappenödem signifikant höher (p 0,001). Am Ende der 1-jährigen Nachbeobachtung der Patienten beobachteten wir ein Rezidiv in nur 1 (0,83%) Auge in Gruppe 1 und 14 (11,96%) Augen in Gruppe 2. Die Rezidivrate von Gruppe 1 war signifikant geringer als die von Gruppe 2 (p 0,001).Die vereinfachte Technik der Tenon-Kapsel-freien konjunktivalen Autotransplantatpräparation und der begrenzten Entfernung der Tenon-Kapsel führte zu besseren klinischen Ergebnissen ohne schwerwiegende Komplikationen. Darüber hinaus verkürzte diese Technik die Operationszeit und reduzierte die chirurgenabhängigen Faktoren.

Overweight represents a major issue in contemporary orthopaedic practice. A higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increase of perioperative complications following several orthopaedic procedures, in particular total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the influence of overweight on THA surgical time is controversial. In this study, we investigated the association between BMI and surgical time analyzing the role of patients’ comorbidities. We conducted a retrospective study on 748 patients undergoing THA at our institutions between 2017 and 2018. Information regarding medical diseases was investigated and the burden of comorbidity was quantified using the Charlson score (CCI). Surgical time and blood loss were also recorded. Median surgical time was 76.5 min. Patients with surgical time above the median had both a higher BMI (28.3 vs. 27.1 kg/m2; p = 0.002); and CCI (1 vs. 0; p = 0.016). According to linear regression, surgical time was associated with BMI in the unadjusted model (p < 0.0001), after adjusting for age and sex (p < 0.0001), and in the multivariable model (p = 0.005). Furthermore, BMI was associated with increased surgical time only in patients with a Charlson score above the median, but not in others. Obesity is associated with increased surgical time during THA, especially in pluricomorbid patients, with a higher risk of perioperative complications.

Background Limb and implant alignment along with soft tissue balance plays a vital role in the outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Computer navigation for TKA was first introduced in 1997 with the aim of implanting the prosthetic components with accuracy and precision. This review discusses the technique, current status, and scientific evidence pertaining to computer-navigated TKA. Body The adoption of navigated TKA has slowly but steadily increased across the globe since its inception 25 years ago. It has been more rapid in some countries like Australia than others, like the UK. Contemporary, large console-based navigation systems help control almost every aspect of TKA, including the depth and orientation of femoral and tibial resections, soft-tissue release, and customization of femoral and tibial implant positions in order to obtain desired alignment and balance. Navigated TKA results in better limb and implant alignment and reduces outliers as compared to conventional TKA. However, controversy still exists over whether improved alignment provides superior function and longevity. Surgeons may also be hesitant to adopt this technology due to the associated learning curve, slightly increased surgical time, fear of pin site complications, and the initial set-up cost. Furthermore, the recent advent of robotic-assisted TKA which provides benefits like precision in bone resections and avoiding soft-tissue damage due to uncontrolled sawing, in addition to those of computer navigation, might be responsible for the latter technology taking a backseat. Conclusion This review summarizes the current state of computer-navigated TKA. The superiority of computer navigation to conventional TKA in improving accuracy is well established. Robotic-assisted TKA provides enhanced functionality as compared to computer navigation but is significantly more expensive. Whether robotic-assisted TKA offers any substantive advantages over navigation is yet to be conclusively proven. Irrespective of the form, the use of computer-assisted TKA is on the rise worldwide and is here to stay.