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Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are chronic, incurable, and vaccine-free viral diseases that cause respiratory problems and nervous disorders and yield losses in sheep and goats. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats and maedi-visna virus in sheep have been named as SRLVs. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of SRLV infection in Erzurum province and to evaluate the risk factors of the disease based on breed, age, and sex. For this purpose, 204 animals including 184 sheep (Akkaraman, Morkaraman, and Hemşin breeds) and 20 goats (Anatolian Black goats) from 8 districts of Erzurum province (Aşkale, Hınıs, Horasan, Karaçoban, Palandöken, Pasinler, Pazaryolu, and Tekman) were included in the sample. Commercial antibody-ELISA kit was used to determine the seroprevalence of SRLV and 15.12% seropositivity was detected. In terms of SRLV, 14.67% of females and 20% of males were positive. In terms of breed, 20%, 13.76%, 0%, and 15% seropositivity was determined in Akkaraman, Morkaraman and Hemşin breed sheep and Anatolian Black goats, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference in terms of breed groups and sex, the detection rates in the districts were significant. In conclusion, the prevalence of SRLV infection was investigated in 8 locations of Erzurum province, which is one of the important centers of animal breeding and where small ruminant breeding is at a high level, and significant findings were obtained at the district level. With this study, updated data on seroprevalence of SRLV in the region were obtained and a broader perspective was tried to be provided by comparing with other SRLV studies in Türkiye and the world. These findings are important in terms of evaluating the prevalence and transmission risks of SRLV infections in the region and will shed light on future control and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute / Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microplastic (MP) pollution has been observed in various ecosystems as a result of the rapid increase in plastic production over the past half-century. Nevertheless, the extent of MP pollution in different ecosystems, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, has not been well-studied, and there are limited investigations on this particular topic, specifically in Türkiye. Here, we quantify the occurrence and distribution of MPs in surface water samples collected from Topçu Pond (Türkiye) for the first time. Water samples were collected at five stations and filtered (30 L for each station) through stacked stainless steel sieves (5 mm, 328 µm, and 61 µm mesh size) with a diameter of 30 cm. The abundance, size, color, shape, and type of collected debris samples were analyzed after the wet peroxide oxidation process. MP particles were observed in all samples at an average abundance of 2.4 MPs/L. The most abundant MP size class and type were 0–999 µm and fiber respectively. On the other hand, prevalent colors were black and colorless in general. According to the Raman analysis results, the identified MP derivatives were polypropylene (40%), polyamide (30%), ethylene acrylic acid (20%), and polyvinylchloride (10%). Moreover, the pollution load index (PLI) index was used to determine the pollution status. PLI values were determined as 1.91 at station S1, 1.73 at station S2, 1.31 at station S3, 1 at station S4 and 1.24 at station S5. The PLI value determined for the overall pond was 1.4. The results of this research show that MP pollution is present in Topçu Pond and contributes to the expanding literature on MP pollution in pond ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of disorders that affect the production of steroids in the adrenal gland and are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The clinical and biochemical manifestations of the disorder are diverse, ranging from varying degrees of anomalies of the external genitalia to life-threatening adrenal insufficiency. This multicenter study aimed to determine the demographics, biochemical, clinical, and genetic characteristics besides the current status of adult patients with CAH nationwide. Methods: The medical records of 223 patients with all forms of CAH were evaluated in the study, which included 19 adult endocrinology clinics. A form inquiring about demographical, etiological, and genetic (where available) data of all forms of CAH patients was filled out and returned by the centers. Results: Among 223 cases 181 (81.16%) patients had 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), 27 (12.10%) had 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency (110HD), 13 (5.82%) had 17-hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) and 2 (0.89%) had 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase deficiency. 21OHD was the most prevalent CAH form in our national series. There were 102 (56.4%) classical and 79 (43.6%) non-classical 210HD cases in our cohort. The age of the patients was 24.9 ± 6.1 (minimum-maximum: 17–44) for classical CAH patients and 30.2 ± 11.2 (minimum-maximum: 17–67). More patients in the nonclassical CAH group were married and had children. Reconstructive genital surgery was performed in 54 (78.3%) of classical CAH females and 42 (77.8%) of them had no children. Thirty-two (50.8%) NCAH cases had homogenous and 31 (49.2%) had heterogeneous CYP21A2 gene mutations. V281L pathological variation was the most prevalent mutation, it was detected in 35 (55.6%) of 21OHD NCAH patients. Conclusion: Our findings are compatible with the current literature except for the higher frequency of 110HD and 17OHD, which may be attributed to unidentified genetic causes. A new classification for CAH cases rather than classical and non-classical may be helpful as the disease exhibits a large clinical and biochemical continuum. Affected cases should be informed of the possible complications they may face. The study concludes that a better understanding of the clinical characteristics of patients with CAH can improve the management of the disorder in daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastes from electrical and electronics equipment (WEEE), also referred to as e-waste, contain high-value of precious metals. Yet WEEE has huge adverse environmental threats and health hazards. Several literatures have examined the adverse effects of WEEE, and few have proposed remedial measures for mitigating these e-waste risks. The measures have focused on recycling the precious metals within e-waste back into the economy. These studies have, however, acknowledged that the current recycling processes tend to be costly, and their results are not viable for the economy. The present study proposes a shift in recycling from a linear to a circular economy in Turkiye. It has adopted a qualitative method in the form of interviews with 13 experts on the subject. The major findings of the study show that: 1) Turkiye lacks the efficiency, proper planning, and adequate law related to e-waste management; 2) The legal regulations related to WEEE management are stale and undeveloped, 3) Recycling in Turkiye is underdeveloped. This study provides valuable information for future research on the factors that will help to improve recycling in Turkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationships between nature-based tourists' self-determined travel motivations, ecologically responsible attitudes and subjective well-being within the scope of self-determination theory. Empirical analyses show that there are positive relationships between nature-based tourists' self-determined travel motivations, ecologically responsible attitudes and subjective well-being. The conceptual model was tested using Smart-PLS with 268 valid survey responses. The results of the study showed that there are positive and significant relationships between nature-based tourists' self-determined travel motivation, ecological responsibility attitudes and subjective well-being. Research integrating self-determination theory and nature-based tourism is relatively limited and the results of this study enhance our understanding of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Scienves Studies is the property of International Journal of Disciplines in Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of uveal melanoma (UM) research with a focus on Turkish contributions in both national and international literature. Methods: A search, including Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, Scopus, Turkish Database, and gray literature, including national thesis and TUBITAK project databases, was conducted without time limitation. Documents focused on UM research and had at least one author with a Turkish institution affiliation were included. Data were cleaned and analyzed using bibliometric tools, including Open Refine and VOSviewer. Bibliometric data such as the number of publications, journals, authors, h-index, collaboration patterns, co-occurrence of keywords, citations, and the growth trends of publications were analyzed. Results: The oldest and newest documents found were between 1987 and 2024. A total of 113 international (97 publications from WoS and 16 from Scopus) and 26 national publications (Turkish index) were included. The most common document type was the original research article (n=89, 78.76%) in international literature. The most represented journal was the Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology with (n=12, 10.62%) publications. A total of 16 theses with a publication rate of 56.5% were noted. Hacettepe University, Ankara University, and Istanbul University were the leading affiliations in UM research. Keyword analysis showed that Turkish UM research is predominantly focused on treatment modalities, and the genetic aspect of research is less represented. Conclusion: Our results highlight the dominance of a few academic centers and researchers on UM research, modest contribution to international literature, and potential research progression areas such as basic science and genetics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education / Yüksekögretim Dergisi is the property of Deomed Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education / Yüksekögretim Dergisi is the property of Deomed Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Appropriate target market selection and classification are complex, time-consuming, and strategically important management decisions. The current study proposes and implements a new systematic approach that evaluates and ranks alternative markets' potential to increase the export volume of Turkey's fig exports. Design/methodology/approach: The classification approach of potential market alternatives (CAPMA) method, which was developed to evaluate, compare, and classify alternative markets according to their potential, was used in this study. CAPMA, an objective decision-making technique, is based on calculating the classification coefficient and classifying the alternatives into four dimensions, taking this coefficient into consideration. In the current study, 25 alternative markets were analysed on the basis of four evaluation criteria and classified into four dimensions according to their potential to increase export volume. Findings: According to the application results, alternative markets with the greatest potential to increase export volume were identified as the United States of America (USA), Netherlands, China, and Spain. The USA has the greatest potential for expansion of export volume. By implementing correct and effective marketing strategies, fig export volume has the potential to reach very high levels. Originality/value: The study's results on alternative markets for fig exports were categorized, countries with greater potential to increase export volume were identified, and findings that could contribute to the development of the sector were obtained. The approach proposed in the current research can be used to determine the target market of many other products, especially agricultural products, whose production is concentrated within a specific geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the socioeconomic determinants of early childhood development (ECD) in Türkiye, focusing on maternal education and household wealth, using representative microdata from the 2018 Türkiye Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS), which collected data on the developmental status of young children aged 36–59 months for the first time. Using this data, we construct an ECD index based on four developmental domains (i.e., literacy-numeracy, physical development, learning readiness and socio-emotional). Our results suggest that 74 percent of children (70.3 percent of boys and 78 percent of girls) are developmentally on track. We find that while over 96 percent of children are developmentally on track in physical and learning readiness domains, only 14.5 percent and 73.6 percent are in the literacy-numeracy and socio-emotional development domains, respectively. The multivariate regression results suggest both maternal education and household wealth improve children's ECD outcomes but the latter has a stronger effect. In fact, we find that mother's schooling is only positively and statistically associated with ECD once mothers have at least a high school education. Kindergarten attendance, which stands at a meagre 11.3 percent, is only likely for children from well-to-do and educated households. As a result, we find large gaps in ECD and its components between children with low and high socioeconomic backgrounds. We conclude that leveling the playing field is only possible via a nationwide multisectoral initiative that can support and educate caregivers and children simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Hasankeyf Antique City contains several historical structures, ancient and new man-made caves. The dolomitic limestone exposed in the area is the main rock, but weak and not durable. The rock is deteriorated under environmental conditions such as wetting–drying and salt crystallization. The area is now partly under reservoir water of Ilısu dam. The aim of this study is to assess geoenvironmental problems of the Hasankeyf Antique City for different environmental conditions and evaluate possible mitigation measures by considering rock properties and archeological values of the site. Field and laboratory studies as well as various slope stability analyses were carried out. This study indicates that there are problems such as erosion and undercutting of the limestone, block failure associated with collapse of the man-made caves, rock weakening due to cyclic environmental conditions, and slope instabilities dominantly in the form of planar failure and rockfall. An engineering fill is constructed to mitigate the effect of harsh environmental conditions and wave effect due to reservoir water. It also works as lateral support for the steep cliffs. Already detached rocks having no archeological values are removed, and a critical block underneath the Small Palace is stabilized. Furthermore, the Small Palace being partly under reservoir level is raised in such a way that the ancient structure is well above the maximum reservoir level. On the other hand, systematic monitoring of the critical historical structures and limestone blocks should be considered to check the long-term behavior of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the measurement of research performance. These studies evaluate a country or groups of countries according to their research performance and make some inferences to improve their performance. This study analyses the research performance of Turkish higher education, which aims for higher positions in international rankings, in the context of publication productivity, impact and collaboration with data based on Web of Science and comprehensive indicators for the years 1980–2022. In addition, research area-based analyses were also made. In this way, by presenting Türkiye's performance from past to present in a comprehensive manner, rich information has been provided to policy makers, decision makers, and practical implications have been made for the improvement of performance. According to the results of the study, Türkiye has been faced with low productivity for many years. Both the area-based analyses and the results for the overall publication impact revealed that although there has been an increase in publication impact in recent years, Türkiye's publication impact has performed below the world average in all years examined. The results indicated that Turkish higher education has some problems in terms of quality. As for research collaboration, the results showed that Türkiye gives more importance to domestic collaborative publications rather than international collaboration, while industry collaboration continues to remain in the background. Based on the results of the study, practical implications for policy makers and decision makers were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Despite a global decrease in HIV incidence, recent trends in Türkiye indicate a concerning rise, particularly among younger populations and women. This study investigates the local and regional dynamics influencing these trends using advanced epidemiological methodologies. Material and Methods: Utilizing Age–period–cohort analysis and joinpoint regression, we analysed HIV incidence and prevalence data from the Global Burden of Disease study for Türkiye. These methods allowed for a detailed examination of changes over time, identifying specific age groups and periods with significant shifts in incidence rates. Results: Key findings include a 13.03% increase in annual percentage change among males aged 15–19 and an 11.37% increase among females in the same age group. Additionally, the incidence rates among females have shown a significant rise after 2008. Conclusions: The rising HIV incidence in Türkiye reflects complex socio-economic, cultural, and biological factors, with significant increases among young people and women. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions, comprehensive educational programs, and inclusive healthcare services to align with global efforts and commitments. The study underscores the importance of incorporating young people in decision-making processes to effectively combat HIV in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye is in a geography where many large and small-scale earthquakes occur due to its location in the earthquake zone. The Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, and the Hatay earthquake on February 20, 2023, affected individuals with special needs and their families as well as individuals with typical development. This research aims to determine the experiences of experts who meet/support individuals with special needs and their families in the earthquake zone or any province and their recommendations regarding future disasters. Therefore, focus group interviews were conducted with five special education teachers and a psychological counsellor. According to the results of the research, four themes were reached: the needs, the difficulties, the positive aspects of interventions for individuals with special needs after the earthquake and recommendations for a future earthquake. The results obtained from the findings of this study were discussed together with previous studies in the literature and suggestions were made regarding before, during and after disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper examines the factors that influence behavioral intention in the context of medical tourism in Türkiye. With the growing popularity of Türkiye as a destination for medical tourism, it is essential to understand the key determinants influencing individuals' intention to engage in medical tourism activities. Design/methodology/approach: This study used the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (E-PBT) variables, which include attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, to measure their influence on behavioral intention. In addition, a customer experience scale was used to assess the influence of dimensions such as education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism on behavioral intention. The research instrument was validated by expert review, and data were collected using purposive sampling. A total of 420 surveys were deemed suitable for analysis. Findings: The path analysis revealed that attitudes and perceived behavioral control positively impacted behavioral intention within the domain of medical tourism in Türkiye. Conversely, subjective norms did not have a significant positive effect on behavioral intention. Furthermore, it was observed that the dimensions of entertainment, escape and aesthetics positively affected behavioral intention. However, education and aesthetics did not significantly influence behavioral intentions. Practical implications: The results of this paper have practical implications for marketers and policymakers in the medical tourism industry in Türkiye. Understanding the factors that drive individuals' behavioral intentions can assist in developing effective marketing strategies to attract and serve potential medical tourists. Medical tourism providers can enhance their services by optimizing attitudes and perceived behavioral control while emphasizing entertainment and escapism for their clientele. Originality/value: This research focuses on uncovering factors influencing individuals' behavioral intentions in medical tourism in Türkiye. Using the E-PBT framework and exploring the dimensions of the customer experience scale, this study aimed to understand the driving forces behind individuals' decisions to engage in medical tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuber magnatum Picco, the Italian white truffle mushroom recorded for the first time in Türkiye, is a rare and economically valuable mushroom. Samples were collected from Sakarya province during field studies in 2024. The samples were identified as T. magnatum according to their macro- and microscopic features. To make molecular confirmation of the species, the samples' ITS1 and ITS4 gene regions were analysed and registered in Genbank with the number PP239641. The sample showed 100% compatibility with other T. magnatum accessions in Genbank. The distributions of Tuber species in Türkiye were given, and their taxonomic features were compared.

Political participation is one of the most defining features of democratic practices that date back to ancient Greece. In this way, people can both express their demands and expectations and have a say in the administration through political participation. However, political participation is not always at the desired level and may encounter some problems. Although these problems vary from country to country, they may have different reasons such as population structure, gender view, and management approaches. With the change in the understanding of democracy, the forms of political participation have also differed. For example, it does not seem possible that the direct democracy model implemented in ancient Greece can be used today, yet with some exceptions. The scale and population structure of countries no longer allow direct democracy practice. However, in ancient Greece, only free male citizens were given political participation. Slaves and women did not have any say. On the other hand, in today's democracies there is no discrimination between men and women.In this study, the relation between democracy and political participation is examined. The obstacles to political participation and democracy in Turkey in the 1980s are examined and it is concluded that political participation was blocked after the military coup, and that there was a struggle to open ways for political participation with the transition to democracy.

Abstract Objective This study aims to analyze the geographical variations and identify key environmental and behavioral predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality in Turkiye. Methods A 10-year longitudinal province-level data was used to identify change trajectories of CAD mortality. Environmental determinants (such as air quality and climatic conditions) and behavioral factors of alcohol consumption and smoking were examined for their association with CAD mortality change trajectories using Ordinal Logistic Regression models. Results The study revealed significantly different trajectoriesof CAD mortality across Turkiye. Environmental factors, particularly air quality (Particulate Matter-10 variation) and climatic conditions (humidity and temperature variations), were heavily associated with the level of CAD mortality. Behavioral factors, notably alcohol consumption and smoking, also exhibited a significantly positive association. Humidity, sunlight, and temperature remained as key predictors of CAD after controlling for smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusion The study underscores the importance of addressing environmental and lifestyle factors in CAD management and prevention strategies. The findings suggest the necessity for region-specific interventions and public health policies tailored to the unique characteristics of each province in Turkiye. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifactorial nature of CAD mortality, providing valuable insights for future research to investigate causal associations, healthcare planning, and policy-making. Trial registration Our study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.GOV system with a procotol ID of CAD001.

ÖZ: Dürtme yöntemi ile oluşturulan kamu politikaları; sınırlı rasyonel bireyleri, kendileri ve toplum adına faydalı eylemlere ve kararlara yönlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle çoğunlukla kamu otoriteleri ve dürtme teorisyenleri; etkili dürtme politikalarının tasarımı noktasında bireylerin rasyonalitesini sınırlandıran faktörlere odaklanarak, onların dürtme aracının kendisine yönelik algılarını geri planda tutmuştur. Ancak kamu politikaları tasarımında başvurulabilecek yeni bir araç olarak sunulan dürtme, teorik düzeyde üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanmış bir araç olmamakla birlikte; hedef kitlesindeki bireylerin demografik özelliklerinin, üyesi oldukları toplumun kültürel niteliklerinin farklılığı gibi pek çok etmen nedeniyle kendisine yönelik algı noktasında da farlılıklar arz eden bir araçtır. Dünyada vatandaşların dürtmeye yönelik algılarını ölçmeye odaklanan az sayıdaki akademik çalışmanın varlığı, Türkiye’den elde edilen verileri değerli kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye’de vatandaşların dürtme tekniği ile tasarlanmış farklı kamu politikalarına yönelik algılarını ölçmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, kota örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 1051 kişi ile bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankette 5 farklı düzeydeki hükümet müdahaleleri doğrultusunda tasarlanan 15 farklı kamu politikasına yönelik vatandaşların onay düzeyleri irdelenmiş; bu düzeyler ile yaş, eğitim seviyesi, yaşanılan bölgenin nüfusu, medeni durum, gelir düzeyi ve politik konum arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de bireylerin onay düzeylerinin ortalama %74,05 olduğunu ve politikalar arasında fark göstermediğini ancak organ bağışına yönelik politikanın %62,80 ile en düşük onay oranına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda bireylerin eğitim seviyesi, yaşadıkları bölge ve yaşları ile politika onay düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı ölçeğin uygulandığı ülkeler ile karşılaştırıldığında ise Türkiye ile aralarında belirgin bir farktan ziyade benzerlikler olduğu söylenebilir. ABSTRACT: The nudge method is used in public policies to guide individuals towards actions and decisions that benefit themselves and society. Public authorities and nudge theorists have mostly focused on the factors that limit individuals' rationality when designing effective nudge policies. However, the perceptions of individuals towards the nudge tool have been given less attention. Nudging is not only a tool that lacks theoretical consensus but also exhibits differences in perception due to factors such as demographic and cultural characteristics. There are limited academic studies focusing on measuring citizens' perceptions towards nudging, making data obtained from Türkiye valuable. The main objective of this study was to measure citizens' perceptions of different public policies designed with the nudge technique in Türkiye. A survey was conducted with 1051 respondents selected through quota sampling. The survey analyzed citizens' approval level towards 15 different public policies designed in line with government interventions at 5 different levels and explored the relationship between these levels and various demographic factors. The findings revealed that the average approval level of individuals in Türkiye is 74.05%, with no significant difference between policies. The policy on organ donation had the lowest approval rate at 62.80%. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between individuals' education level, the region they live in, their age, and their level of policy approval. When compared with other countries, it was found that there are more similarities than significant differences with Türkiye.

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a real threat to humanity. Pentavalent antimonials are reported non-effective in leishmaniasis treatment today, in countries like India. New treatment options have been assessed worldwide lately. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are the leading antibiotic candidates due to their large spectrum, fast efficacy, and low resistance risks. Cathelicidins are the AMP with well-documented antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, over their positively charged membranes. Here, we aim to design cathelicidine-like helical peptides (CLHP), and compare their anti-Leishmanial efficacies in vitro, with meglumine antimoniate (MA) on Leishmania tropica. Methods: A total of five study [TN-1-5] and two control (MA and non-drug) groups were formed. Cryopreserved L. tropica isolate was thawed and cultivated in Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium and then in RPMI. Five different CLHPs (TN1-5) were diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide. A total of 150 uL of CLHPs and MA were added into the first wells of the test plaques, followed by serial dilutions that revealed doses within 4 and 512 ug/mL. Then, 100 uL of cultures including 1x108/mL of L. tropica promastigotes were added into each well. Viability of promastigotes was checked with XTT, while the parasite count was assessed at 24th and 48th hours. Results: TN3 was effective at 32 ug/mL. All tested CLHPs exhibited varying degrees of anti-Leishmanial activities, except TN5, even at its highest dose. Conclusion: TN3 showed a particular efficacy against L. tropicain vitro. Further studies including in vivo testing of the candidate’s both efficacy and toxicity are essential.

Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic skin disease transmitted by the bite of sandflies. In our region, which is endemic for this disease, there has been a great migration from a much more endemic region and population movements from our area to Türkiye and abroad. Afterward, a pandemic was experienced. Due to these two extraordinary events and the possible epidemic potential in our region, it is useful to follow-up on the disease. We aimed to contribute to the evaluation of the disease in these processes by analyzing the data of our laboratory in recent years. Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2022, samples from patients who came to our laboratory with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis were taken, stained and examined under a microscope. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, nationality, place of residence, lesion site and duration. Results: Out of the 144 examined cases, 64 (44.4%) were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Among these positive cases, 40 (62.5%) were women, 24 (37.5%) were men, and 54 (84.3%) belonged to the 0-9 age group. Of those who tested positive, 54 (84.3%) were Turkish citizens and 23 (35.9%) were Syrian citizens. Fifty-four (84.3%) patients had only single lesion. While the number of applications and positivity rates remained within normal levels in 2019 and 2020, a significant decrease was observed in both from 2021 and 2022. Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is carried by migration, decreases in large-scale isolations such as pandemics, and its spread can be prevented with correct diagnosis and treatment. Although the number of patients may change over time and place, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease that threatens the health of societies and should always be monitored.

Pamuk üretimi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, pamuk yetiştiriciliğinin yüksek su tüketimine sahip olduğunu dolayısıyla, özellikle kurak bölgelerde su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Pamuk sulamasında ihtiyaç duyulan suyun az olduğu bölgelerin tespit edilmesi, ülke bazında su kaynaklarının korunması adına önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'deki pamuk üretiminin yeşil ve mavi su kullanımı üzerinde derinlemesine bir analiz sunarak su ve tarım yönetimi çalışmalarına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu bağlamda ulusal iklim ve bitki verileri sanal su (SS) ve su ayak izi (SA) metodu kapsamında analiz edilmiştir. ArcMap 10.7 yazılımı ve alansal interpolasyon araçları kullanılarak ülke genelinde ekimi yapılan pamuğun yeşil ve mavi su ayak izi yüksek mekânsal ve zamansal çözünürlükle hesaplanmış, sonuçlar 24 il ve 141 ilçe genelinde görselleştirilmiştir. Buna göre, 2019-2023 yılları arasındaki üretim verileri dikkate alındığında Türkiye genelinde yıllık kütlü pamuk üretimine yaklaşık 3.68 milyar m3 mavi suyun harcandığı görülmektedir. Tarladaki pamuğun birim yeşil ve mavi su ayak izleri ise ortalama 205 ve 1641 m3/ton olarak bulunmuştur. Hali hazırda Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır ve Aydın illeri, ülke için en önemli pamuk ekim merkezleri olup, pamuk yetiştiriciliği için tüketilen suyun yarıya yakını Şanlıurfa ilinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, pamuk üretiminde kullanılan birim mavi su (m3/ton), bazı bölgelerde iki katına kadar çıkmakta, bu durum özellikle toprak neminin az olduğu kurak bölgelerde aşırı miktarda su tüketilmesine sebep olmaktadır. Buna göre, Türkiye’deki pamuk yetiştiriciliğinin Güneydoğu bölgesinden Çukurova bölgesine kaydırılması, ülkenin su kaynaklarının korunması adına önemli bir strateji olacaktır. Bu çalışmada pamuğun su tüketimini azaltmaya yönelik stratejiler de tartışılmıştır.

Salgın hastalıkların tarihi insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. İnsan var olduğu günden beri hastalıklar da var olmuş, bunların bazıları salgın hâline gelip, kıtalara hatta tüm dünyaya yayılarak pandemiye dönüşmüş ve milyonlarca insanın ölümüne yol açmıştır. Hastalıklar insanları sadece bedenen etkilemekle kalmayıp, günümüzde de deneyimlendiği üzere salgın hâline dönüştüklerinde ülke politikalarına, günlük hayata, eğitime, ekonomiye, insanlar arası ve hatta devletlerarası ilişkilere yön vermişlerdir. Pandemilerin tıbbın dışında tarihi, sosyolojik, psikolojik, ekonomik, eğitsel, siyasi vb. pek çok boyutu vardır. Ülkemiz de dünyada meydana gelen pandemilerin birçoğundan etkilenmiştir. Mevcut çalışmalara bakıldığında pandemilerin genellikle tıp tarihi açısından köken ve niceliksel olarak ele alındıkları, tarihsel bağlamda ele alınanların ise az ve sınırlı oldukları görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda üzerinde yeterince durulmayan salgınlardan birisi de 1968 A(H3N2) Hong Kong Gribi pandemisidir. Salgın, dönemin basını tarafından yakından takip edilmiş ve Türkiye’deki serüvenine ışık tutulmuştur. Çalışmada 1968 Hong Kong Gribi pandemisinin genel seyri ve ülkemizdeki gelişimi tarihsel bağlamda ele alınmıştır. Pandemi dönemlerinin hemen hemen hepsinde benzer olayların yaşanması, benzer söylemlerin sarf edilmesi ve benzer kaosların yaşanmasından dolayı 1968 pandemisinin ortaya çıkışı, Türkiye’deki yayılımı, pandemi politikaları, kampanyalar, basında yer alan haberler, toplumsal hayat, eğitim vb. alanlara yansımaları ortaya konulmuş, karşılaştırmalar yapılıp, bundan sonraki benzer gelişmeler için yol gösterici çıkarımlar elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Alongside numerous benefits in business life (such as additional business opportunities, increased labour productivity), the Internet is responsible for adverse effects like cyberloafing in the workplace. Accessing the Internet for personal purposes during work hours is a prominent reason for counterproductive employee behaviour. The current theoretical background, however, is not sufficient to explain the causes of such behaviour. The article aims to identify the role of such factors as sparking leadership and perceived organizational support in preventing employees’ willingness to use their work time to engage in nonwork-related internet activities. To do so, five dimensions of cyberloafing are discussed: sharing, shopping, real-time updating, accessing online content, and gaming/gambling. Leadership theories, social exchange theory, and organizational support theory constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods used are confirmatory factor analysis, and the PLS-SEM technique to reach a path model revealing the direct, indirect, and total relationships between the given dimensions. The data were collected from March to September 2023 through a face-to-face survey with 95 respondents from over 40 SMEs operating in Türkiye. The results revealed that perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between sparking leadership and sharing, shopping, and real-time updating dimensions of cyberloafing. The results point to the need for reconsidering organizational practices, values, and policies in a way that would foster employees’ well-being and happiness within the organization and mitigate their cyberloafing behaviour.

Abstract Background The quality and safety of information provided on online platforms for migraine treatment remains uncertain. We evaluated the top 10 trending websites accessed annually by Turkish patients seeking solutions for migraine treatment and assessed information quality, security, and readability in this cross-sectional study. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was conducted using Google starting in 2015, considering Türkiye’s internet usage trends. Websites were evaluated using the DISCERN measurement tool and Ateşman Turkish readability index. Results Ninety websites were evaluated between 2015 and 2024. According to the DISCERN measurement tool, most websites exhibited low quality and security levels. Readability analysis showed that half of the websites were understandable by readers with 9th − 10th grade educational levels. The author distribution varied, with neurologists being the most common. A significant proportion of the websites were for profit. Treatment of attacks and preventive measures were frequently mentioned, but some important treatments, such as greater occipital nerve blockade, were rarely discussed. Conclusion This study highlights the low quality and reliability of online information websites on migraine treatment in Türkiye. These websites’ readability level remains a concern, potentially hindering patients’ access to accurate information. This can be a barrier to migraine care for both patients with migraine and the physician. Better supervision and cooperation with reputable medical associations are needed to ensure the dissemination of reliable information to the public.

Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan itibaren arkeoloji turizminin Türkiye’deki gelişimi veri ve yorumlarla ele alınmıştır: Arkeolojik miras bakımından dünyanın en zengin bölgeleri arasında yer alan Türkiye, günümüzde turizmde de küresel ölçekte öncü ülkelerden biridir. Bu bağlamda arkeolojik mirasın korunması ve değerlendirilmesi konusunda 19. yüzyılda başlayan düzenlemeler Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde geliştirilerek arkeoloji turizminde aşamalı bir ilerleme sağlanmıştır. İstanbul ve Batı Anadolu’da başlayıp Anadolu içlerine ve Trakya’ya yayılan arkeoloji turizmi, Cumhuriyet Dönemi boyunca yaşanan yüz yıllık gelişmelerin ardından büyük bir endüstriye dönüşmüştür. 1950’lerin sonlarında yaklaşık 1 milyon olan müze ve ören yeri ziyaretçi sayısı 2022 yılı itibarıyla 45 milyonu aşmıştır. Bu veriler bir yandan arkeoloji turizmi rakamlarının zaman içinde gelen yabancı turist sayılarına yaklaştığını gösterirken diğer yandan arkeoloji turizminin genel turzimdeki payı ve etkisinin gittikçe arttığına işaret etmektedir. Arkeoloji turizminin kaynağını oluşturan arkeolojik miras, turizm hareketlerinin güneydeki kıyı kentleri başta olmak üzere belirli bölgelerde yoğunlaştığını ifade eden “bölgesellik” sorununun aşılmasında da yeni ve önemli alternatifler üretmeye devam etmektedir.

Foreign languages are linguistic tools that allow access to various resources in the global world. However, access to foreign language education for K-12 deaf students is restricted because deaf students are often disqualified from foreign language courses based on presumed disability status. This study identifies ideologies underpinning education policies that limit foreign language education for K-12 deaf students and compares Türkiye and the United States. The study employs a qualitative approach and analyzes both countries' constitutions, education laws, and education regulations through critical discourse analysis based on the theories of linguistic human rights and Bourdieu’s forms of capital. Findings reveal ideological contradictions concerning deafness and language education for deaf learners, restricting access to foreign language education for K-12 deaf students in both countries.

This study was conducted to collect Chalcidoidea in Bingöl province in eastern Türkiye between 2019 and 2023. Four additional records were found in three families within the superfamily Chalcidoidea: Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834 (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus gratiosus (Förster, 1860) and O. orientalis Walker, 1871 (Ormyridae) and Perilampus ruficornis (Fabricius, 1793) (Perilampidae). Furthermore, distribution maps, collecting locations, and images of the species that have been documented were provided. Finally, a revised checklist is given for Turkish Eurytomidae, Ormyridae, and Perilampidae.

İklim değişikliği, aşırı yağış/sıcaklık, taşkın veya kuraklık gibi ekstrem olaylara sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizin önemli havzalarından biri olan Küçük Menderes Havzasının uzun vadeli bölgesel eğilimlerinin yönünü belirlemek için Yenilikçi Şen (ITA) ve Yenilikçi Poligon Trend (IPTA) Analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. 6 istasyonun (Kuşadası, İzmir Bölge, Çeşme, Ödemiş, Seferihisar ve Selçuk) 1972-2023 periyodu aylık ortalama sıcaklık ve toplam yağış verileri çalışmada analiz edilmiştir. Bu verilerin homojenliği Buishand, Pettitt, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) ve von Neumann Ratio Test yöntemleri ile sınanmıştır. ITA yönteminde veriler düşük, orta ve yüksek olarak sınıflandırılmış ve grafiklere %1,%2 ve %3 eğilim çizgileri çizilmiştir. Toplam yağışlar incelendiğinde orta sınıfta trend gözlenmezken, yüksek sınıfta ortalama %0,33 oranında artan trend gözlenmiştir. Ortalama sıcaklık verileri incelendiğinde ise düşük, orta ve yüksek sınıfta sırasıyla ortalama %0,92, %1,67 ve %2,42 oranında artan trend gözlenmiştir. IPTA yönteminde ise istasyonların ay bazında trend uzunlukları, eğimleri ve yönleri bulunmuştur. Sıcaklık verileri hemen hemen tüm istasyonlarda artan trend bölgesi içinde kalmıştır. Yağış verilerindeyse dinamik bir tabloyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Analizler sonucunda ilerleyen periyotta hem sıcaklık hem de yağışlar için artan trend gözlenmiştir.

Background: Cultural beliefs significantly shape societal attitudes toward mental illness, and these social attitudes profoundly impact help-seeking behaviors. Therefore, it is important to focus on understanding and addressing these social behaviors. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic mental illness interpretations based on culture and religious beliefs on non-medical help-seeking behaviors among patients in Türkiye. Methods: The study was conducted from September to October 2023 using an inductive qualitative approach. In-depth face-to-face interviews were carried out with individuals diagnosed with chronic mental illness and their relatives, registered in a state-owned Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) in Türkiye. Using purposive sampling, 13 individuals who met the criteria were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Results: Three main themes and eight sub-themes were identified, including the reasons for seeking non-medical help (psychological challenges, subjective norms, physical requirements), factors contributing to seeking non-medical help (predisposing factors, enabling factors, and myths), and reflections on the benefits of non-medical practices (perceived physical benefits, perceived psychological benefits). Conclusions: It was concluded that individuals with chronic mental illness and their relatives living in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye engaged in non-medical help-seeking behaviors and mostly turned to traditional religious practices. Culture and religious beliefs emerged as primary factors leading patients to seek non-medical treatment approaches. Consequently, there is a perceived need to explore non-medical alternative methods across various mental health settings and with diverse samples in future research endeavors.

Wastes from electrical and electronics equipment (WEEE), also referred to as e-waste, contain high-value of precious metals. Yet WEEE has huge adverse environmental threats and health hazards. Several literatures have examined the adverse effects of WEEE, and few have proposed remedial measures for mitigating these e-waste risks. The measures have focused on recycling the precious metals within e-waste back into the economy. These studies have, however, acknowledged that the current recycling processes tend to be costly, and their results are not viable for the economy. The present study proposes a shift in recycling from a linear to a circular economy in Turkiye. It has adopted a qualitative method in the form of interviews with 13 experts on the subject. The major findings of the study show that: 1) Turkiye lacks the efficiency, proper planning, and adequate law related to e-waste management; 2) The legal regulations related to WEEE management are stale and undeveloped, 3) Recycling in Turkiye is underdeveloped. This study provides valuable information for future research on the factors that will help to improve recycling in Turkiye.

Abstract Background Cats are hosts and reservoirs for many haemopathogens such as piroplasms, Rickettsia, hemotropic Mycoplasma, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma, which are transmitted by various vector arthropods and some of which have a zoonotic concern. Although it is noteworthy that the rate of ownership of companion animals has increased in Türkiye in recent years and that cats account for a large proportion of these animals, there is limited research on the vector-borne infectious agents carried by them. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive molecular epidemiological data and molecular characterization of feline vector-borne haemopathogens (FVBHs), including piroplasms, anaplasmataceae, rickettsias, haemoplasmas, and Bartonella species in Türkiye. In total, 250 feline blood samples were collected from client-owned cats (n = 203) and shelter cats (n = 47) brought to the Small Animal Hospital of Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty. Results Overall, 40 (16%) cats were found to be infected with at least one of the investigated haemopathogens and piroplasm, Mycoplasma spp. and Bartonella spp. prevalence was 1.6%, 11.2%, and 4.8%, respectively. No Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. and Rickettsia spp. DNA was detected in the investigated feline samples. Sequence analysis revealed that all four piroplasms belonged to Babesia ovis with a 97.93–99.82% nucleotide sequence identity to 18S rRNA gene sequences from Spain and Türkiye, while some sequenced hemoplasmas were Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm) and Mycoplasma wenyonii, and Bartonella spp. were Bartonella henselae and Bartonella koehlerae species. Co-infections with Mycoplasma spp. and Bartonella spp. were also detected in 4 cats (1.6%) in this study, where single infections were predominant. Conclusion This study provides valuable information on zoonotically important feline vector-borne hemopathogens in Türkiye, some of which have received attention under the One Health perspective, and is the first molecular epidemiological study to demonstrate the presence of Babesia ovis, the causative agent of ovine babesiosis, and Mycoplasma wenyonii DNA, the causative agent of bovine haemotropic mycoplasmosis, in cats. Further studies on the roles of such pathogens detected in unspecific hosts and the host specificity of the vectors that transmit them will contribute to the elucidation of this situation.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) treatment consists of maximal supportive care and, for high-risk individuals, immunosuppressive treatment (IST). There are conflicting results regarding IST. Therefore, we aimed to investigate IST results among IgAN patients in Turkiye. The data of 1656 IgAN patients in the Primary Glomerular Diseases Study of the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases Study Group were analyzed. A total of 408 primary IgAN patients treated with IST (65.4% male, mean age 38.4 ± 12.5 years, follow-up 30 (3–218) months) were included and divided into two groups according to treatment protocols (isolated corticosteroid [CS] 70.6% and combined IST 29.4%). Treatment responses, associated factors were analyzed. Remission (66.7% partial, 33.7% complete) was achieved in 74.7% of patients. Baseline systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and proteinuria levels were lower in responsives. Remission was achieved at significantly higher rates in the CS group (78% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.016). Partial remission was the prominent remission type. The remission rate was significantly higher among patients with segmental sclerosis compared to those without (60.4% vs. 49%, p = 0.047). In the multivariate analysis, MEST-C S1 (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08–1.89, p = 0.013), MEST-C T1 (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.91, p = 0.008) and combined IST (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.91, p = 0.009) were found to be significant regarding remission. CS can significantly improve remission in high-risk Turkish IgAN patients, despite the reliance on non-quantitative endpoints for favorable renal outcomes. Key predictors of remission include baseline proteinuria and specific histological markers. It is crucial to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of immunosuppressive therapy for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyze interannual and seasonal relationshisps between zooplankton communities and their trophic levels along with the physicochemical properties of Lake Eğirdir. Samplings were performed seasonally between January 2016 and October 2018 at five stations. Zooplankton communities comprised Rotifera (88%), Cladocera (3%) and Copepoda (9%). A total of 73 species were recorded. Four species Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra dolichoptera, Synchaeta pectinata and Bosmina longirostris were found dominant among the others. During the study, the number of zooplankton species decreased in 2018 compared to 2016 when the average zooplankton density increased in 2018. The variations of zooplankton community were estimated using Shannon–Wiener diversity, Evenness, and Simpson indices. The correlations between the species and environmental variables were analyzed with Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The variation in the species data was significantly (p < 0.05) related to a set of six environmental variables (electrical conductivity, chloride, ammonium, carbon, depth, temperature) which explains 84.6% of the total variation. CCA indicated that Keratella cochlearis, Lecane bulla, L. clostrocerca, Trichocerca similis and Copepoda spp. were positively correlated with temperature. According to the Brachionus: Trichocerca quotient (QB/T), Lake Eğirdir can be characterized within the mesotrophic-eutrophic trophic status. The lake showed mesotrophic status in terms of total phosphorus, Secchi disc and chl-a in 2016, 2017, 2018 according to the Carlson trophic status index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Türkiye's increasingly complex relations with Asia from a political economy perspective, capitalizing on the notions of semi-periphery and sub-imperialism in an era marked by the crisis of globalization and a relative decline of US economic and technological power. It contends that the complexity of Türkiye-Asia relations and associated changes in Turkish foreign policy should be examined within the shifting global and domestic political-economic conditions and the changing relations between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence includes the 6 February M7.81 mainshock followed approximately 9 h later by an M7.74 event, and many smaller aftershocks including M6.81 and M6.37 events on 6 and 20 February, respectively. These events occurred in a region near the plate boundary of the East Anatolian Fault, in the proximity of which numerous ground motion recording stations had been installed north of the Türkiye–Syria border. As a result, the events were well recorded both near the fault and at rupture distances up to 582 km. We describe the available recordings and component-specific data processing performed with the aim of optimizing usable bandwidth. The resulting database includes 337, 365, 284, and 229 usable three-component recordings from the M7.81, M7.74, M6.81, and M6.37 events, respectively. We also present source, path, and site metadata that were compiled according to uniform protocols. Comparisons to a global ground motion model (GMM) for active tectonic regions and a local, Türkiye-specific model demonstrate the existence of complex path effects that result in relatively poor fits between the GMMs and observed data at large distances (generally R JB > 200 km). Under-predictions at some stations may be influenced by directivity and/or basin effects that affect the ground motions but that are not accounted for directly in the GMMs. We present analysis of spatial variability of several intensity measures. The residual maps produced from these analyses demonstrate that the global GMM overpredicts on the Anatolian block and underpredicts on the Arabian block, which is suggestive of distinct crustal attenuation features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We investigate the political factors involved in the allocation of public investments into Turkish electoral districts. Using a unique data set covering detailed individual characteristics of approximately 2000 Turkish MPs over five legislative periods during 1987–2004, we show that the composition of several legislator characteristics in an electorate, such as the level of education, area of tertiary degree, and former profession, matters in the way pork barrel occurs across electorates. The findings also indicate a strong presence of partisan motivations and targeted support for opposition groups and ideological strongholds in public investment allocations. We also document evidence that a stronger right‐wing tendency in the cabinet, a single‐party government, fractionalized voter preferences, and higher voter turnout in the electorate are all associated with increased public investments into specific geographic constituencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: There is no sufficient data to provide a clear picture of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) across Türkiye. This study is the first to present the prognostic outcomes of OHCA cases and the factors associated with these outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a prospective, observational, multicenter design under the leadership of the Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey Resuscitation Study Group. OHCA cases aged 18 years and over who were admitted to 28 centers from Türkiye were included in the study. Survived event, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital discharge, and neurological outcome at discharge were investigated as primary outcomes. RESULTS: One thousand and three patients were included in the final analysis. 61.1% of the patients were male, and the average age was 67.0 ± 15.2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed on 86.5% of the patients in the prehospital period by emergency medical service, and bystander CPR was performed on only 2.9% by nonhealth-care providers. As a result, the survived event rate was found to be 6.9%. The survival rate upon hospital discharge was 4.4%, with 2.7% of patients achieving a good neurological outcome upon discharge. In addition, the overall ROSC and sustained ROSC rates were 45.2% and 33.4%, respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender, initial shockable rhythm, a shorter prehospital duration of CPR, and the lack of CPR requirement in the emergency department were determined to be independent predictors for the survival to hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Compared to global data, survival to hospital discharge and good neurological outcome rates appear to be lower in our study. We conclude that this result is related to low bystander CPR rates. Although not the focus of this study, inadequate postresuscitative care and intensive care support should also be discussed in this regard. It is obvious that this issue should be carefully addressed through political moves in the health and social fields.

Today, knowing the spatial distribution of flood risk using GIS (Geographic Information Systems)-based MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) approaches has been a topic addressed by many researchers. In this context, the current study focuses on the spatial distribution of flood risk using the N-AHP (Neutrosophic Analytical Hierarchy Process)-based GIS approach. The Melet Basin (Türkiye) is a case study for the suggested methodology. Four decision-makers used linguistic phrases to compare and assess the flood criteria during the method's application phase. The opinions of the decision makers were combined with the N-AHP, and the criteria were weighted. The results determined that precipitation, distance from the river, drainage density, land use, and slope were the most important factors affecting the flood and contributed approximately 74%. Apart from this, it has been observed that 10% of the basin is in the high and very high flood risk classes, and these risky areas overlap with the flood points of past periods. The proposed approach and findings are anticipated to have theoretical and practical implications.