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The article begins with the assertion that much research has now been done on the once‐neglected suprasegmental phonology of Nigerian English. A principal area of interest in this field is connected speech, and several Nigerian scholars have addressed many of the issues involved, not least the patterns of intonation structure. Building on these studies, and taking the British descriptive tradition developed notably by A. C. Gimson and Alan Cruttenden as its theoretical base, the article seeks to offer fresh perspectives on certain issues that have hitherto not received attention. With the aid of the interlinear method of transcription, it shows the differences between two contrasting systems, on the one hand that of native speakers, and on the other Popular Nigerian English (PNE), a concept first developed by Jowitt (1991) and denoting features characteristic of relatively younger and less educated Nigerians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many citizens support the involvement of experts in political decision-making, yet we know little about how citizens react to expert opinions. Bridging recent evidence on technocratic attitudes and deliberative democracy, we study citizen responses to experts during influential deliberative mini-publics. Combining automated speech transcription of over 380,000 spoken words and quantitative text analysis, we estimate the topic prevalence in all expert testimonials, Q&A sessions, and other agenda items in the Irish Citizens' Assembly (2016–2018), one of the prime examples of impactful deliberative forums. We find that inputs of experts structure subsequent discussions but do not dominate them. This correlation persists with various measures of topic prevalence and is robust to several modelling approaches. We also find that participants tended to react less strongly to testimonials by female experts. These conditional effects should encourage organisers to invite experts with diverse backgrounds in order to enhance inclusive decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Franz Liszt created a new tradition by playing transcriptions and paraphrasing the most well-known operas and works of his time on his fabulous concerts. This habit created new genres like Transcriptions (Reminiscences de Norma S. 394, Grandes études de Paganini S. 141) and Paraphrases (The Rigoletto Paraphrase S.434, The Ernani Paraphrase S. 432). The Variations on „Weinen Klagen Sorgen Zagen” fits into both categories: On the one hand Liszt paraphrases J.S.Bach’s Crucifixus and the 12th Cantata. On the other hand, he transcribes with a great craftsmanship his piano work for organ. The historical and private background of this work testifies to an extraordinary faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The chapter discusses the cases of opisthographic papyri dealing with a medical content. According to Manfredo Manfredi's definition of opisthograph as a papyrus roll reused to transcribe an extensive text, the focus will be on scrolls repurposed on their back side to copy Greek medical treatises, handbooks or receptaria. The analysis will consider the material features of such copies – the nature and quality of the original text, the medical genre, palaeography – in order to draw some preliminary conclusions about the relationship between reuse and genre in a highly specialized technical category of papyrus texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on intelligibility in international encounters has long focused on issues of pronunciation to the detriment of factors such as linguistic co-text and extralinguistic context, which are comparatively well-studied variables in intelligibility research concerning L1 listeners. This paper seeks to expand the scope of international intelligibility research in this respect by reporting on a large-scale study involving 423 nonnative listeners at different proficiency levels, who transcribed words spoken with another nonnative accent under four conditions that varied in the availability of syntactic, semantic, and schematic cues. The results suggest that co-text and context as well as listening proficiency are crucial variables that ought to receive greater attention in research on international intelligibility. The pedagogical implications of these findings are addressed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RAST Musicology Journal / Rast Muzikoloji Dergisi is the property of RAST Musicology Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Opening with the character of Architriclinus, the York Vintners’ pageant ‘The Marriage at Cana’ likely bolstered their claims over the right to search and sell sweet and other wines in conflicts with the Spicers and Mercers. The Vintners’ failure to submit their pageant for transcription into the York Register possibly signals resentments felt and privileges enjoyed by these specialist merchants - resentments and privileges perhaps shared by the only other guild to withhold their original from the city clerk despite repeated calls for its submission: the Ironmongers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alsun Beni-suef International Journal of Linguistics, Translation & Literature / Mağallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Alsun Banī Swaīf Al-Dawliyyaẗ Li Luġawīyāt wa Al-Tarğamaẗ wa Al-Adab is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Telemann Project at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz is dedicated to the complete recording of Georg Philipp Telemann's French cantatas. This project includes historically informed performance practice of Telemann's church music from the years 1713/1714. The University of Mainz is collaborating with various partners to transcribe the compositions and publish them as modern sheet music editions. The project also includes musicological teaching and the interpretation of the works by the Gutenberg Soloists and the Neumeyer Consort under the direction of Professor Felix Koch. [Extracted from the article]

Technological reading and writing tools can help students with dyslexia improve their writing, but students do not use reading and writing functions as much as expected. However, research addressing relevant technological functions is scarce. This study explored the needs of writers with dyslexia and how technological writing tools developed for three Nordic languages meet these needs. Snowball sampling was used to identify different technological features, spellchecker, word prediction, auto‐correction, text‐to‐speech and speech‐to‐text functions available in nine widely used programmes were investigated. The results indicated that students with moderate spelling difficulties can now achieve accurate spellings using the most sophisticated spelling aids; however, most of these features require time and attention, and this can disturb writing fluency and hamper text production. The implication of this study is that the underlying conflict between spelling accuracy and writing fluency must be actively managed, which necessitates competence in the use of technological tools for both students and teachers in school. Also, further development of tools for scaffolding transcription must consider the dilemma of achieving both writing fluency and spelling accuracy. Further, the accuracy of the aid for students with severe spelling difficulties remains unclear and must be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years, research on automatic music transcription has made significant progress as deep learning techniques have been validated to demonstrate strong performance in complex data applications. Although the existing work is exciting, they all rely on specific domain knowledge to enable the design of model architectures and training modes for different tasks. At the same time, the noise generated in the process of automatic music transcription data collection cannot be ignored, which makes the existing work unsatisfactory. To address the issues highlighted above, we propose an end-to-end framework based on Transformer. Through the encoder-decoder structure, we realize the direct conversion of the spectrogram of the collected piano audio to MIDI output. Further, to remove the impression of environmental noise on transcription quality, we design a training mechanism mixed with white noise to improve the robustness of our proposed model. Our experiments on the classic piano transcription datasets show that the proposed method can greatly improve the quality of automatic music transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era marked by the advent of advanced printing technology during the Northern Song period, the tradition of transcribing the Buddhist canon endured rather than promptly fading away. This persistence is particularly noteworthy in the 10th to early 12th centuries when handwritten copies of the canon coexisted with the emerging prevalence of block-printed versions. Notably, the monasteries in the Jiangnan 江南 region remained prolific producers of handwritten copies. This article adopts a socio-political perspective to elucidate the coexistence of handwritten and block-printed copies. It delves into the dynamics of canon replication within a specific temporal and geographical context, unveiling a broader tableau of handwritten copies in the printing era. This exploration necessitates an examination of the intricate interplay between the state, the canon, and Jiangnan society. This study contends that the state's printing policies before the Xining 熙寧 period (1068–1077), which rigorously regulated the production and dissemination of canonical texts, constituted a pivotal factor in sustaining the tradition of handwritten copies. Furthermore, it identifies a sustained societal demand for possessing the canon for constructing the zhuanlun zang 轉輪藏 (revolving wheel storage cabinet), which was most pronounced in the Jiangnan region. This persistent societal need fortified the enthusiasm for transcribing the canon within Jiangnan monastic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music transcription is the process of transforming recorded sound of musical performances into symbolic representations such as sheet music or MIDI files. Extensive research and development have been carried out in the field of music transcription and technology. This comprehensive review paper surveys the diverse methodologies, techniques, and advancements that have shaped the landscape of music transcription. The paper outlines the significance of music transcription in preserving, analyzing, and disseminating musical compositions across various genres and cultures. It also provides a historical perspective by tracing the evolution of music transcription from traditional manual methods to modern automated approaches. It also highlights the challenges in transcription posed by complex singing techniques, variations in instrumentation, ambiguity in pitch, tempo changes, rhythm, and dynamics. The review also categorizes four different types of transcription techniques, frame-level, note-level, stream-level, and notation-level, discussing their strengths and limitations. It also encompasses the various research domains of music transcription from general melody extraction to vocal melody, note-level monophonic to polyphonic vocal transcription, single-instrument to multi-instrument transcription, and multi-pitch estimation. The survey further covers a broad spectrum of music transcription applications in music production and creation. It also reviews state-of-the-art open-source as well as commercial music transcription tools for pitch estimation, onset and offset detection, general melody detection, and vocal melody detection. In addition, it also encompasses the currently available python libraries that can be used for music transcription. Furthermore, the review highlights the various open-source benchmark datasets for different areas of music transcription. It also provides a wide range of references supporting the historical context, theoretical frameworks, and foundational concepts to help readers understand the background of music transcription and the context of our paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is an essential repressor of lineage-specific genes central to the establishment and preservation of cellular identity. Recent findings by Szczurek et al. show that the noncanonical form of PRC1 (ncPRC1), which mediates H2AK119ub1, promotes a deep OFF state at promoters by blocking transcription initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been widely used in the field of customer service, but the performance of general ASR in dialect transcription is not satisfactory, especially in Guangdong Province. Targeted training of ASR transcription engine will produce effect, but the training cost is high, and it is not suitable for small‐scale training with multiple dialects and frequencies. The complaint problems in the customer service field have obvious clustering and are suitable for few‐shot and multi‐frequency training. In view of this, in the actual engineering application, the method of ASR transcribed into the dialect error correction thesaurus is tried to be used to replace the wrong words, and have achieved good results. The optimization technology after automatic speech transcription proposed in this study can improve the recognition accuracy of general ASR by 13.75% for dialect words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interview transcribed in this article was conducted with Thierry Ardouin, a great witness and actor in the history of training engineering in France. Through the evocation of his journey and his reflections, the aim here is to give an account of a singular journey, but also of the timely grasping of ingenium as a dynamic of analysis and action in the field of education and training science. "With our feet on the ground and our head in the stars" is the approach he proposes to us, in order to link this history to the current and future perspectives of a reflection that is still under construction on training engineering, driven by an ethical vigilance with regard to world movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the question of which discursive features are characteristic for the transmission of knowledge in introductory lectures in order to identify the language requirements for understanding such a lecture. The functional-pragmatic linguistic analysis is based on transcripts and recordings published in the database Gesprochenes Deutsch (DGD). In a second step, these characteristics are compared with textbook materials on listening comprehension that are used to prepare students for studying at a German university. Due to the considerable differences, we suggest a reorientation of the listening comprehension material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Junta de Castilla y León plantea en este caso concreto un recurso contenciosoadministrativo contra el Acuerdo del Ayuntamiento de Payo de Ojeda de 14 de julio de 2020, por el que se aprueba la Ordenanza Municipal reguladora de vertidos de origen industrial, agrícola y ganadero del Municipio de Payo de Ojeda (Palencia), habiendo comparecido como parte demandada el ayuntamiento de dicha localidad. Con carácter previo, se transcribe el contenido íntegro de la Ordenanza, cuyo objeto es “la regulación del almacenamiento, transporte y distribución en las fincas rústicas de labor del municipio de Payo de Ojeda de los estiércoles, purines y otros residuos procedentes de fuentes de origen industrial, agrícola y ganadero con el fin de reducir al máximo las molestias y contaminación que dichas fuentes pueden ocasionar”. La Administración autonómica basa su recurso en los siguientes motivos: 1.- Existencia de imprecisiones terminológicas en la Ordenanza impugnada en cuanto al uso del término "residuos" y de la expresión "vertido de residuos". 2.- Nulidad de pleno derecho de la ordenanza por falta de estudio científico o documento técnico que acredite que en ese municipio existe un riesgo para la salud o para el medio ambiente derivado de estiércoles, purines y lodos de depuración, única circunstancia que podría justificar la elaboración de tal Norma. Tampoco se aporta en el expediente el resultado de las analíticas de agua potable que se aluden en el Preámbulo. 3.- Nulidad de pleno derecho de la ordenanza por vulneración de la Directiva 2006/123/CE, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 12 de diciembre de 2006, relativa a los servicios en el mercado interior como en la Ley 20/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de Garantía de la Unidad de Mercado. 4.- Extralimitación competencial de la administración demandada porque el establecimiento de las condiciones ambientales mínimas y de ubicación para las actividades o instalaciones ganaderas de Castilla y León, entre las que se encuentran el almacenamiento y aplicación de estiércoles y purines, están regulados en el Decreto 4/2018, 22 de febrero (concretamente en [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to present metaGraphos, a crowdsourcing system that aids in the transcription and semantic enhancement of scanned documents by using a pool of volunteers or people willing to participate in exchange for a financial reward. Design/methodology/approach: The metaGraphos can be used in circumstances where optical character recognition fails to produce satisfactory results, semantic tagging or assigning thematic headings to texts is considered necessary or even when ground-truth data has to be collected in raw form. Findings: The system automatically provides a Web-based interface comprising a static HTML page and JavaScript code that displays the scanned images of the document, coupled with the corresponding incomplete texts side by side, allowing users to correct or complete the texts in parallel. Social implications: By assisting the parallel transcription and the semantic enhancement of difficult scanned documents, the system further reveals the hidden cultural wealth and aids in knowledge dissemination, a fact that contributes significantly to the academic-scientific dialog and feedback. Originality/value: Individual researchers, libraries and organizations in general may benefit from the system because it is cost-effective, practical and simple to set up client–server architecture that provides a reliable way to transcribe texts or revise transcriptions on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scribe (2022) is a choral work for three voices. It is a multidisciplinary project that encompasses paleography, machine learning, transcription, and performance. Furthermore, Scribe is a work of parafictional art where fact and fiction overlap, conventional practices of paleography and edition-making are playfully reconfigured, and supposed historical authenticity is employed as a compositional material. This paper describes the creative processes in the making of Scribe before evaluating aspects of the uncanny and material agency. It draws upon autoethnographic analysis before contextualizing this within the psychoanalytical criticism of philosopher Slavoj Žižek. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stenography had been used for centuries to capture the words of orators, lecturers, and royals, but there was a significant expansion of the use of stenography in the eighteenth century. During the period when Samuel Richardson held the contract to report on decisions reached in the House of Commons, Thomas Gurney began transcribing the testimony of many speakers at trials in the Old Bailey. In this article, I suggest that Richardson, increasingly aware of stenography as a technology for capturing many different speakers' words verbatim, ratcheted up epistolarity to establish a high-water mark for the multivoiced novel. He depicted characters who weren't merely using stenographic concisions to keep up with the pace of speech but were essentially taking dictation from themselves. In a final section I consider Edgar Allan Poe's "The Gold-Bug" as a repudiation of the multivoiced novel as a literary form and an effort to humiliate its voice-centeredness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify various resources on the internet environment regarding transcription method and skill, which has an important place in the field of music. During the study process websites consisting of online educational guides on how to do music transription, online services with commercial job postings regarding music transcription and the use of and sharing of music transcription on social media were examined. In this study, survey method was used and it has a descriptive nature. Examples from online educational guides on music trancription and paid transcription services were selected and examined, and a general evaluation was carried out related to the use of music transcription on social media. As a result of the study, the online educational guides including instructions on the methods, software tools and process steps used in music transcription process contain similar suggestions, and transcripton is available for a fee on many internet service since it is an important skill, and that the social media platforms are effective in sharing and disseminating music transcripton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the engagement in human–robot interaction (eHRI) database containing natural interactions between two human participants and a robot under a story-shaping game scenario. The audio-visual recordings provided with the database are fully annotated at a 5-intensity scale for head nods and smiles, as well as with speech transcription and continuous engagement values. In addition, we present baseline results for the smile and head nod detection along with a real-time multimodal engagement monitoring system. We believe that the eHRI database will serve as a novel asset for research in affective human–robot interaction by providing raw data, annotations, and baseline results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines sample transcriptions and translations into English of the Waray sentences, phrases and terms found in Francisco Ignacio Alcina's Historia (1668). Alcina was a Jesuit missionary who spent over thirty years recording the Bisayan culture, particularly in the Samar-Leyte area, where the Waray language is spoken. His is considered the most complete and accurate account of the Bisayan culture upon contact with the West. Juan Bautista Muñoz, in 1784, discovered Alcina's Historia in Seville and copied it. This Muñoz Text is recognized by scholars as faithful to the original manuscript. This article is guided by the postcolonial rubric, which looks at colonization projects as devaluing a nation's culture. One of postcolonialism's tasks is to resurface that which has been silenced, subsidiarized and marginalized. Using dictionaries published from the seventeenth to twenty-first centuries and personal knowledge as a writer/speaker of Waray, I examine, verify and annotate terms in Alcina's Historia in light of modern, spoken Waray. Furthermore, I analyse syllabic patterns of Waray roots and words, and graphemic and phonemic similarities of terms in Historia and in the various dictionaries using computational methods to triangulate the results. Where discrepancies are found, a more appropriate translation or transcription is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural is the property of Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although language sample analysis (LSA) is considered an important tool for high-quality child language assessment, surveys have found that its use is quite limited by school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Two of the reasons often cited are limited time and limited expertise (Kemp & Klee, 1997; Pavelko et al., 2016). This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of a language sample training program on SLP students' accuracy, efficiency, and confidence with language sample transcription and coding. Upper-division SLP undergraduates and graduate students participated in a self-paced language sample training and practice program. Participants completed online language transcription and coding training and practiced transcribing 7-10 narrative child language samples. After each one, they entered information into the quiz tool in the university's online learning management system and received automated, individualized, and specific feedback. The accuracy and time needed for the language transcriptions were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that the participants significantly increased their accuracy and reduced the time needed for transcription and coding. They also reported a significant increase in their confidence level with language sample transcription. The results suggest that increased training and practice opportunities that involve specific feedback will better prepare new clinicians to use language sample analysis in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TYB Akademi Dil Edebiyat & Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Yazarlar Birligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Íkala: Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article offers a transcription and translation of August Gottlieb Spangenberg's important letter (1760) about slavery and slaveholding in St. Thomas and in Bethlehem. A full translation of this letter has never been published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A close examination of the mise en page that characterizes the only manuscript of the thirteenth-century poem conventionally called Fiore (Montpellier, Bibliothèque interuniversitaire, Section Médecine, H 438) reveals that the manuscript does not display the traditional mise en texte by which sonnets were transcribed in Italy, but rather the distinctive mise en texte of Old French texts using a specific metrical form, the so-called strophe d'Hélinand. These considerations may be useful in the context of an updated assessment of the question of Fiore's authorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the construction of the KOMMA corpus and the presentation and analysis of selected case studies. The paper contains written and oral data from young adults attending the final year of a German-language high school in South Tyrol. In addition to describing the data collection and the methods used, the paper will also go into more detail about the data processing (transcription, normalisation, lemmatisation and POS tagging). Finally, some research results illustrate the usability of the corpus, with selected case studies from the field of word formation and lexis being presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to introduce a new method for the analysis of depicted gestures in painting, namely a transcription system called chiroscript. Based on the model of transcription and annotation systems used in linguistics of co-speech gestures and sign languages, it is intended to provide a more systematic and objective study of pictorial gestures, revealing their modes of combination inside chirographic accords. The place of chirograms (depicted hand gestures) within pictorial semiotics will be briefly discussed in order to better explain why a transcription system is very much needed and how it could expand art historical perspectives. Pictorial gestures form an understudied language-like system which has the potential to increase the intelligibility of paintings. We argue that even though transcription is not a common practice in art history, it may contribute and even transform semiotic analyses of figurative paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an interplay between Japanese, German, and to a lesser extent, English, Yoko Tawada's oeuvre defies monolingualism. Her Japanese-English poem 'Hamlet No See' uses a staple of English literature, Shakespeare's 'To be, or not to be' soliloquy as a treatment of the 2011 nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. By foregrounding homophony, the poem can be understood on various levels with various meanings by listeners depending on their facilities in the languages involved. In her fiction, Tawada plays with the visual forms of letters of the Roman alphabet, defamiliarising the reader from the sense of their arbitrariness. Sound and script come together in phonics-based transcription software used to input Japanese characters using a QWERTY keyboard, and here, Tawada has said, words become 'changelings that make shapeshifters of the letters on the page'. Through scripts and sounds and what 'dances' between them, translingual writing becomes a kaleidoscope of multidimensional meaning and artful, fruitful uncertainty. This study experiments with Tawada's keyboard changeling concept, adapting it for use by postsecondary creative writing students, providing them with a deceptively simple introductory practice for resisting the longstanding hegemony of anglophone traditions and forms in creative writing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to address the fraternal, intellectual and diplomatic connection between José María Vargas Vila (1860-1933) and Rubén Darío (1867-1916) via the letter of July 14, 1908 that the Colombian thinker wrote him to the Nicaraguan poet when both were in Spain. First is made the analysis of their friendship following the Rubén Darío book (1917) and other reference texts; then the letter is transcribed and get its meaning as an object of study in the field of Latin American intellectual history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing trend to see the language of the LXX as an authentic example of post-Classical Greek may be extended to phonology and orthography. We can situate the phonology of the LXX within its historical Greek phonological context by implementing a restrictive methodology that focuses on transcribed names, the clusters of certain spelling conventions in relation to "early" and "late" books in the LXX, and manuscript-specific phenomena. We find that its language exhibits the same sort of phonological and orthographic features attested in contemporary documentary and epigraphic material. Codex Vaticanus provides the earliest explicit evidence for one of the notable phonological developments in the history of Greek, the fricativization of χ. It is demonstrated that the phonology of the LXX is right at home in its contemporary historical Greek phonological setting, and that it has unique contributions to make to the wider field of historical Greek phonology at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of sub‐daily sea‐level pressure observations taken between 1919 and 1960 over the British and Irish Isles were transcribed from paper records in the early 2000s but were not published and subsequently forgotten. A chance discussion led to the rediscovery of the transcribed data and 5.47 million observations from 160 locations are now made available, although the data have not been fully quality‐controlled. Much of the data are 3‐hourly, allowing for detailed examinations of synoptic weather variations for this region and time period, and will be invaluable for constraining future reanalyses. We illustrate the value of the data using a stormy period during October and November 1928 and discuss the remaining quality‐control issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Cet article présente une analyse multifactorielle du comportement des consonnes liquides post-obstruantes en position finale de mot en français. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons au phénomène par lequel un ou final dans la transcription orthographique d'un mot n'est pas prononcé dans la parole continue, p. ex. comme dans les items « découvre » et « terrible », respectivement prononcés [dekuv] et [teʁʁb] au lieu de [dekuvʁʁ] et [teʁʁibl]. Au total, plus de 2500 items comportant un cluster obstruante+liquide en fin de mot ont été extraits d'un corpus de parole d'une durée de 13 heures, qui a été étiqueté à différents niveaux. Ce corpus comprend les productions de 120 locuteurs originaires de 3 pays francophones (Belgique, France et Suisse), enregistrés dans deux tâches différentes (lecture et conversation). Pour déterminer ce qui affecte la (non-)prononciation de ou dans ces contextes, une douzaine de prédicteurs de différentes natures sont testés dans un même modèle statistique. Les caractéristiques phonétiques telles que le lieu et le mode d'articulation, le contexte droit, le statut prosodique et le taux d'articulation; mais aussi les prédicteurs liés aux locuteurs (pays d'origine, sexe, âge, classe sociale) et au style de parole sont pris en compte. Des modèles mixtes linéaires généralisés révèlent que seulement la moitié d'entre eux ressortent comme jouant un rôle significatif sur la variable à l'étude. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière dʼétudes antérieures portant sur les aspects sociolinguistiques des variantes de prononciation en français. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the third part of a series dedicated to the documents sharing the name of "Zbylut's foundation document". The aim of the first part was to bring the three 12th-century documents into the field of interest of philologists and to review the historical literature with a view to identifying threads that may be relevant to philological (historical-linguistic) research, while the second part brought an answer to the question of the relationship between the surviving documents, the degree of imitation between them, and the number of writers who were their authors. The present, third part, shows how complicated (and sometimes impossible) it is to get to the wording of the Zbylut document's records and what procedures are used to do so. A comparison and analysis of selected records from the oldest three documents indicates the place of graphic substitution, the custom of redrawing records and the Latinization of records in the hierarchy of successive filters imposed on the record. We have also tried to show how making different assumptions leads to completely different readings of the same name and to different hypotheses about the presumed sound of its name. We have also discussed the consequences of "translating" a name written in simple graphics into the modern alphabet with which, according to the essence of transcription, ancient phonetic features were to be expressed, and which, as we often get the impression, is no better suited for this than the graphics used by 12th-century scribes. We also took up the theme of the indispensable cooperation of historians and philologists in finding out the truth hidden in the oldest records of Polish proper names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forma y Funcion is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)