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Resveratrol inhibits the initiation, promotion and progression of tumors, however, the mechanism by which resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of the human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell line remains unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the activation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade in K562 cells. Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis in K562 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol attenuated the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in the K562 cells. Furthermore, the selected inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002), Akt (SH-6) and mTOR (rapamycin) enhanced the effects of resveratrol in K562 cells. In addition, cyclin D1 levels were found to decrease and the activation of caspase-3 was observed. Resveratrol was also found to significantly attenuate the phosphorylation of the downstream molecules, p70S6K and 4EBP1. These results suggested that the downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades may be a crucial mediator in the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by resveratrol in K562 cells.

In order to increase the performance of the current high voltage grid for pulse shocking, which is imperfection in controlling the intensity of pulse shock in the high voltages, a set of perimeter prevention high-voltage grid system is design with using the programmable logic controller (PLC). In this design, the average filtering algorithm is applied for promoting the accuracy of the intensity. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified through simulation. In this paper, the algorithm and the experimental procedure are mainly discusses, and so get some result about the changeable resistor, which could adjust the intensity of high voltage pulse shock.

First principles calculations have been used to investigate the occurrence of site-exchange of Li and M ions and the effect of the site-exchange on Li extraction of silicate cathode materials Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni). Total energy calculations suggest that Li (in the 4b site) and M (in the 2a site) ions become site-exchanged upon delithiation. This structural arrangement leads to significant cell expansion as two Li ions are extracted. Elastic property calculations indicate that the ductility of the fully delithiated MSiO4 is impaired, which is likely to induce structural collapse and rapid capacity attenuation during the charge–discharge cycles. Restraining the site-exchange or improving the ductility may be an effective way of developing high performance Li2MSiO4 for Li-ion batteries.

This paper determines the bearing capacity of pile and shaft resistance by the curve match method of high strain dynamic testing. By the comparison of bearing capacity of pile between the testing results of static loading and dynamic high strain, the reliability and surveying precision of the curve match method is analyzed, and the error sources and reasons are explored, to reasonably determine the design parameters of pile foundation engineering.

SPT (standard penetration test) is a geo-situ test method widely used in engineering. However, the awareness on modification issues about rod length of SPT-N has considerable differences. Based on the comprehensive analysis of existing research results, some valuable suggestions are put forward contraposed modification issues of rod length, which can be referenced for engineering practices and further research.

There are a lot of factors that influence the bearing capacity of composite foundation, and the relationship between them is complex and nonlinear. Based on study of main factors that have great influence on bearing capacity of cement-flyash-gravel (CFG) pile composite foundation, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model of bearing capacity of composite foundation was established. The results show that the model has excellent learning ability and generalization and can provide accurate data prediction only with fewer observed sample. It is proved that the new method is a promising method for the determination of bearing capacity of CFG pile and other rigid piles composite foundation.

A novel miniature device for rapid ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection was developed in the present study. The device was made of a syringe, a piece of filter, and a Teflon tube. Therefore, it was with advantages of simplicity, miniaturization, and easy operability. The tube was filled in advance with the glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate powder porous material which has been proved to increase the sensitivity of normal SERS dramatically, then the mixture solution containing the analyte, silver colloid, and NaCl solution passed through the porous material by the action of the syringe. SERS signals were collected from the surface of the material. Rhodamine 6G (R6G), p-aminothiophenol (PATP), and thiabendazole (TBZ) were employed as the probe molecules in the present work. R6G at microlitre-scale can be detected at an extremely low concentration of 10–18 mol/l, and the relative standard deviation of spot to spot is 14.16% at the intensity of the band at 609 cm−1. The concentrations of PATP and TBZ that can be detected with the method are 10−11 mol/l and 1.3 × 10−6 mol/l, respectively. This method not only has achieved the ultra-sensitive detection of dye and pesticide but also realized the simple, rapid, and small sample quantity requirement detection, and it is of great potential use for lots of analytes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Object The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effects and the safety of locally applied mitomycin C (MMC) on epidural fibrosis after microendoscopic discectomy (MED). Methods Seventy-five patients undergoing single-level unilateral MED for lumbar disc herniation were randomly assigned to receive cotton wool impregnated with either 0.5 mg/ml MMC or saline applied at the site of discectomy for 5 minutes. Outcome measures included degrees of pain severity, functional disability, physical symptoms, and quantitative evaluation of postoperative epidural fibrosis shown on follow-up lumbar contrast-enhanced MRI. Results Sixty-two patients completed the follow-up. Neither serious drug adverse effects nor clinically significant laboratory adverse effects were observed. Patients in both groups showed similar clinical recoveries postoperatively. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the 2 treatments was shown in a quantitative evaluation of postoperative MRI-documented epidural fibrosis in the MMC group and the saline group using a modified grading system. The mean cross-sectional areas of epidural fibrosis were 7.32–70.06 mm2 in the MMC group and 22.94–90.48 mm2 in the saline group. The epidural fibrosis index ranged from 0.0296 to 0.3267 in the MMC group and from 0.1191 to 0.3483 in the saline group. A significant difference was also observed using the Ross grading system to evaluate postoperative MR images. Conclusions Although no benefit was observed clinically, the authors observed a notable reduction of epidural fibrosis after MED radiologically, with 0.5 mg/ml MMC locally applied and no clinical side effects. Clinical trial registration no.: ChiCTR-TRC-10001079 (http://www.chictr.org/cn/proj/show.aspx?proj=326).

In this paper, we investigate the localization of a five-dimensional vector field on a pure geometrical thick brane. In previous work, it was shown that a free massless vector field cannot be localized on such thick brane. Hence we introduce the interaction between the vector field and the background scalar field. Two types of couplings are constructed as examples. We get a typical volcano potential for the first type of coupling and a finite square-well-like potential for the second one. Both of the two types of couplings ensure that the vector zero mode can be localized on the pure geometrical thick brane under some conditions., Comment: 5 pages,6 figures

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction. Multiple factors have been implicated in ITP pathogenesis, including T-lymphocyte dysfunctions. The protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes lymphoid-specific phosphatase (LYP), a critical negative regulator of T cell activation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTPN22 have been broadly associated with susceptibilities to various autoimmune disorders. Here we conducted a case-control study investigating whether the PTPN22 -1123G C SNP contributes to the risk of ITP in Chinese population. The study included 191 ITP cases and 216 ethnically matched normal controls. Genotyping of -1123G C SNP was performed using a single-base extension (SBE) and mass spectrometry method. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between the case-control groups by the chi-square test. We observed significant overrepresentation of -1123G allele (p = 0.034, odds ratio (OR) = 1.374, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.024-1.843]) and GG genotype (P = 0.038, OR = 1.951, 95% CI [1.031-3.694]) in the patients compared with the controls. Stratified analysis by gender and age of disease onset revealed comparable observations in both male and adult ITP cohorts. These data suggest a moderate association of PTPN22 -1123G C SNP with susceptibility to ITP. Together with previous reports, our finding provides further evidence for PTPN22 being a general autoimmunity gene.

This paper proceeds from the cost problems in low-rent housing projects and proposes that the cost control of such programs consist of subjective control and objective control. With analysis on subjective and objective controls, it gives the government detailed suggestions for cost control in low-rent housing program, specifically developing policies and regulations for cost control and introducing non-governmental funds into the program.

A new variable selection method called stability competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (SCARS) is proposed based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). In SCARS, variable is selected by an index of stability that is defined as the absolute value of regression coefficient divided by its standard deviation. SCARS algorithm consists of a number of loops. In each loop, the stability of each variable is computed. Then based on stability, enforced wavelength selection and adaptive reweighted sampling (ARS) is used to select important variables. The selected variables are kept as a variable subset and further used in the next loop. After running the loops, a number of subsets of variables are obtained and root mean squared error of cross validation (RMSECV) of PLS models established with subsets of variables is computed. The subset of variables with the lowest RMSECV is considered as the optimal variable subset. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by three near-infrared (NIR) datasets: tobacco, corn and glucose datasets. The results show that SCARS can select the least variables and supply the least RMSECV and latent variable number of the PLS model comparing with methods of Moving Window PLS (MWPLS), MCUVE and CARS.

The paper describes a small batching machine control system that takes chip C8051F040 as the core controller. The system that has automatic control and manual control modes can complete the high-precision automatic weighing of few powder and granular material. This article describes the composition of the control system and the major design of hardware, and provides more detailed software program scheme.

The contour precision has been an important CNC machine accuracy index along with the increase of high precision complex parts NC machining. The error of perpendicularity and the mismatch error of position loop gains among linked axes are regarded as the prime reasons to bring about CNC machine contour error. After analyzing the influence of the error of orthogonal axes perpendicularity to CNC machine contour precision, a compensation approach is set up that the following error is corrected in each sampling period, by introducing a perpendicularity deflection parameter. After analyzing the influence of the mismatch error of position loop gains to contour precision, a cross-coupled control approach based on interpolation dots is developed to enhance the matching degree among all of the linked axes. Finally, the developed compensation approaches are testified on a CNC experiment table. The experimentation results reveal that the developed compensation approaches are effective to enhance contour precision.

In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of free-standing titanium dioxide nanorods array film with pure anatase-phase are presented. Highly oriented TiO2nanorods array was firstly prepared by hydrothermal method with metal Ti foil, and then the free-standing film can be obtained through selective-dissolution of the metallic Ti substrate by Br2steam with preserving the original array structure. The crystal structural, morphological, lattice structural and optical information of the free-standing array film were studied. In addition, photo-degradation of crystal voilet in aqueous solution was used as a probe to assess the photo-catalytic activity of the free-standing array film under UV irradiation.

Long concrete structure is frequently used in modern buildings or structures. As the main measures of achieving seamless construction and crack control of long concrete structure, strengthening strip and after-irrigation-strip have been widely applied. However, compared with after-irrigation-strip, the clear advantage of strengthening strip is closure ahead. Therefore, this paper from aspects of theoretical analysis and engineering application replace the after-irrigation-strip with intermittent strengthening strip in one original design of a project. Since the completion of construction, there are no harmful cracks in the structure. This article also describes the project quality control measures and technical and economic analysis for the design and construction of similar projects.

Background Hemophilia A (HA) is a common X-linked recessive bleeding disease caused by mutations in FVIII gene. The identification of mutation in HA subjects can lead to more accurate diagnosis and contribute to the genetic counseling/prenatal diagnosis. Objectives Our objective is to identify the FVIII defects in 148 unrelated Chinese HA subjects and to analyze the potential consequence of novel mutations. Methods FVIII: C was assayed using one-stage method, and FVIII inhibitor was tested using Bethesda method. Intron 22 and 1 inversions were identified by PCR technique. Non-inversion mutations of FVIII gene were identified by direct sequencing. Novel mutations were further analyzed based on a B-domain deleted FVIII crystallographic structure and bioinformatics tools. Results The intron 22 and 1 inversions affected 57 and three severe subjects, respectively. Sixty-seven different mutations were identified in non-inversion subjects including 35 novel mutations that were not reported previously. Novel mutations include five nonsense mutations, 15 missense mutations, three insertions, eight small deletions, two splice site mutations and two partial gene deletions. The potential deleterious effects of these novel missense mutations include disruption of the protein core, impairment of inter-domain interaction and FVIII binding with other proteins. Conclusion Similar to other races, intron 22 and one inversions are also recurrent mutation in severe HA subjects monitored in our centre. Sixty-seven mutations (52% novel reported) among 88 non-inversion subjects represent the high degree of heterogeneity of FVIII gene mutations causing HA. Characteristic of HA FVIII gene mutations extend our insight into structure-function relationship of the FVIII molecule.

A method of vibration analysis for mechanical fault detection based on adaptive noise canceling(ANC) and envelope analysis was presented. The adaptive filtering was used for noise canceling and feature extraction from vibration signal measured for the detection. The envelope analysis based on analytic wavelet was also used for the fault detection. Experiment shows that the method proposed in this paper is very effective for reducing noise, and for vibration analysis to discriminating the fault types with a high accuracy.

In order to eliminate the noise in ECG signal and increase the diagnosis efficiency, a method based on morphological filtering and wavelet algorithm is proposed. The morphological filters is used to filter out the baseline interference signal, and the wavelet transform is applied to remove high frequency interference. The experiment proves that the algorithm is effective.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired organ-specific autoimmune disease with a polarization of T(h)1. Both the T(h)1 chemokine CXCL10 and T(h)2 chemokine CCL2 have been studied in several autoimmune diseases, but the status of these chemokines in ITP is still unknown. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of CXCL10 and CCL2 and their receptors, CXCR3 and CCR2, in ITP patients, and to conduct a preliminary study of the pathogenic roles of these factors in ITP. Plasma samples from 49 patients with ITP and 24 normal healthy subjects were assayed for CXCL10 and CCL2 plasma concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression of these chemokines and their receptors in the PBMNC of 24 normal controls and 28 active ITP patients as well as splenocytes of nine ITP patients. The CXCL10 levels in the plasma samples from patients with active ITP were significantly higher than those from healthy controls (p = 0.007) and decreased to normal levels in patients with remission ITP. In contrast, CCL2 levels were similar in patients with active disease, patients in remission, and control subjects. PBMNC of patients with active disease expressed more CXCL10 mRNA (p = 0.031) but less CCR2 mRNA (p = 0.005). Lower peripheral platelet count correlated with higher CXCL10 levels and CXCL10/CCL2 ratios. Our study demonstrated that plasma levels of CXCL10 and CXC10/CCL2 ratio were higher in patients with active ITP than in healthy donors, and had an association with platelet counts of the patients. CXCL10 might be a pathogenic factor of this disorder.

Astrocytes play an important role in protecting neurons during ischemia and reperfusion in the central nervous system. Although many studies have shown that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) can induce astrocyte apoptosis, the role of PERK/eIF2 alpha/ATF4 integrated stress response (ISR) in astrocyte apoptosis mediated by oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation (OGSD)/restoration remains uncertain. Astrocytes were subjected to a combination of oxygen, glucose, and serum deprivation for 8h followed by restoration. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to quantify apoptotic astrocytes and cell viability was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). Immunocytochemical analysis and Western blotting for some related molecules, including pancreatic ER stress kinase (PERK), p-PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2 alpha), p-eIF2 alpha, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), caspase-12, were examined. Caspase activation and apoptosis were detected in neonatal rat astrocytes from spinal cord subjected to OGSD/restoration. We also observed an increase in cytoplasmic staining of p-eIF2 alpha in astrocytes (8h OGSD/15 min restoration) compared with that of non-treated cells. In addition, we found the sequential activation of PERK, eIF2 alpha, and ATF4 during OGSD/restoration by Western blotting. These results indicate that both the PERK/eIF2 alpha/ATF4 ISR and activation of caspase-12 may be involved in apoptosis of spinal cord astrocytes induced by OGSD/restoration.

Pseudotumor is an uncommon but severe complication in patients with hemophilia. To our knowledge, although China has large population of persons with hemophilia, there is rare information on the incidence, clinical feature, image finding, and management of pseudotumor among Chinese patients. This study aimed at improving our knowledge on clinical diagnosis and management of hemophiliac pseudotumor. In this retrospective study, the medical records of 1248 patients with hemophilia diagnosed between January 1983 and October 2004 at our hospital were reviewed. The clinical feature, imaging finding, management, and outcome of 14 patients with pseudotumor among these patients with hemophilia were analyzed. All patients have hemophilia A (8 severe cases and 6 moderate cases). Eight patients sustained an injury prior to the development of pseudotumor. Main image findings included osteolysis lesion, soft tissue swelling, or lump. Surgical therapy was carried out in 7 patients and 6 achieved remission, with fistula formation remaining in 1. One patient underwent radiotherapy together with replacement therapy achieved remission. Three patients accepted replacement therapy as only management and only 1 patient achieved improvement of swelling. Our study showed that the incidence of pseudotumor in our enrolled patients with hemophilia is 1.12%. Hemophilic history of patients can contribute to the right diagnosis of pseudotumor. Surgical therapy together with sufficient replacement therapy is safe and effective.

We investigated the relationship between the expression of IFN-gamma, IL-4, Foxp3 and perforin gene and the methylation status of their promoters in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients. Gene expression and DNA methylation were determined by quantitative PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing, respectively. The expression of IFN-gamma was higher, while the expression of IL-4 was notably lower in ITP patients when compared with the controls. Most importantly, the Th1/Th2 (IFN-gamma/IL-4) was remarkably higher in ITP patients, showing that the ITP patients were mainly in the Th1 polarization response. Although the methylation rate of CpGs located at -409 of perforin was higher (p = 0.0376) and that of IFN-gamma were relatively higher (p = 0.0582) in ITP, we did not find the negative correlation between the expression of those genes and the methylation of their promoters.

This paper presents a fault diagnosis method on roller bearings based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in combination with feature selection. The class separability index was used as a feature selection criterion to select pertinent features from data set. An adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system was trained and used as a diagnostic classifier. For comparison purposes, the back propagation neural networks (BPN) method was also investigated. The results indicate that the ANFIS model has potential for fault diagnosis of roller bearings.

Recent evidence suggests that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were involved with many kinds of kidney diseases. We investigated the roles of MMPs and its tissue inhibitors TIMPs in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). A total of 44 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 31 healthy subjects were enrolled. The levels of total MMP-2, 9 (tMMP-2, tMMP-9) along with TIMP-1, 2 were measured in serum by ELISA. Serum tMMP-2, tMMP-9 was higher in LN patients than those non-LN patients and healthy controls. Serum tMMP-2 in patients without LN was higher than in healthy controls. TIMP-2 was higher in LN patients than healthy controls, and no significant difference in TIMP-2 was observed between LN and non-LN patients. TIMP-1 levels among LN, non-LN patients and healthy controls were comparable. The ratio of tMMP-9 to TIMP-1 in LN patients was higher than non-LN patients and healthy controls and no difference in ratio of tMMP-9 to TIMP-1 between non-LN patients and healthy subjects was observed. A negative correlation between the ratio of tMMP-9 to TIMP-1 in lupus patients and the titers of anti-dsDNA was found; whereas, no correlation between the ratio of tMMP-9 to TIMP-1 and the concentration of C3 as well 24 h urine protein was observed in LN patients. We suggest imbalance between tMMP-9 and TIMP-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of LN. Measurement of MMPs and TIMPs may be helpful in the early identification of lupus patients with LN and may help gauge the response to treatment in patients with active LN undergoing treatment.

A detail experiment investigation on hydrophobicity of lotus leaf had been given, including contact angle, entrapped gas, micrometer and nanometer surface topographies. Four kinds of lotus leaf surfaces were involved: fresh front (FF), dried front (DF), fresh back (FB) and dried back (DB) surfaces. The basic mechanisms of the liquid spreading on a rough surface and the entrapped gas under a drop had been discussed. Based on the mechanisms and experiment, hydrophobicity of the four lotus leaf surfaces was analyzed. The investigation results showed that the hydrophobicity of the front surfaces was dominated by the entrapped gas under the drop and the absolute stable position of the contact line while the back surfaces by metastable positions of the contact line, resulting in the ultrahydrophobicity on the front surfaces and large contact angle hysteresis on the back surfaces. The effects of dual-size surface structures on the hydrophobicity were discussed in detail. Because the nano-pillars were firmly close together, there was no entrapped gas in the nano-structure on the front surfaces. The structure of micro-pillars was a main cause for the ultrahydrophobicity of the front surfaces. However, on the FB surface, the structure of nano-pillars was a main cause to induce entrapped gas.

We described a facile approach to controllably synthesize silver nanoparticles with various morphologies using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). Triangular/hexagonal nanoplates, chain-like nanoplate assemblies, and nanobelts could be selectively obtained. On the basis of the experimental results, the concentration of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and AgNO3, reactive temperature and time were the vital factors to determine the shape of final products. Reasonable mechanisms for the formation of silver nanoparticles with various morphologies were proposed. Fluorescence modulation of dye rhodamine B (RhB) and fluorescein (FI) in the presence of silver nanoparticles were studied. Addition of silver nanoparticles could produce fluorescence enhancement and show self-quenching release of RhB, while the fluorescence intensity of FI decreased due to the presence of the silver nanoparticles. The effects of silver nanoparticles on the fluorescence properties of dyes were dependent on the competition between the local field enhancement and non-radiation energy transfer from the molecule to the metallic nanoparticles.

The fabrication of electrodes is one of the key techniques in constructing thermoelectric elements for the practical applications. In this work, the commercial active brazing alloy “Incusil-ABA” was used for the joining of CoSb3 to the Cu surface of the graded electrode materials (Cu/AlN/Cu) by using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The bonding was performed in vacuum at temperatures 500°C for 10min. The brazing and diffusion bonding process were investigated by analyzing the crystal structure and microstructure of the bonding interface using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and its composition distribution was also analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray.

Background Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of osteoporotic fracture. The bilateral pedicular approach is the most frequently used method. However, unilateral PVP is becoming increasingly more attractive for surgeons because of its numerous benefits, including lower radiation exposure, less tissue injury, and less bone cement leakage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical feasibility of unilateral PVP by exploring the differences in the puncture success rate of the unilateral pedicular approach among different lumbar segments, between men and women, and between the left and right sides. Methods Punctures were simulated on magnetic resonance imaging scans of 200 patients (100 men, 100 women) at a maximum angle via a pedicular approach. The distance between the entry point and the midline of the vertebral body, the maximum puncture angle, the puncture success value, and the puncture success rate were measured and compared among different lumbar levels, between the two sexes, and between the left and right sides. Results The maximum puncture distance between the entry point and the midline gradually increased from L1 to L5, and the maximum puncture angle showed the same tendency from L1 to L5. The puncture success values for L3 and L4 were higher than those for the other lumbar levels (L1, 31.53 ± 34.45; L2, 42.15 ± 28.06; L3, 56.21 ± 18.30; L4, 56.20 ± 12.93; and L5, 48.01 ± 6.88). The puncture success rates varied from 69.5 to 98.0 % among the different lumbar levels; L3 and L4 were the two highest (L3, 95.5 %; L4, 98.0 %). There were significant differences in these measurements between men and women and between the left and right sides. Conclusions PVP with the unilateral puncture approach appears more likely to succeed at L3 to L5 than at L1 and L2. The unilateral approach might be more suitable for men than women at levels other than L5. Additionally, the left pedicular approach might be optimal for unilateral PVP procedures.

A fluidized bed enrichment technique was developed to improve sensitivity of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with features of rapidness and large volumesolution. D301 resin was used as an adsorption material to preconcentrate β-naphthalenesulfonic acid in solutions in a concentration range of 2.0–100.0 μg/mL, and NIR spectra were measured directly relative to the β-naphthalenesulfonic acid adsorbed on the material. An improved partial least squares (PLS) model was attained with the aid of multiplicative scatter correction pretreatmentand stability competitive adaptive reweighted sampling wavenumber selection method. The root mean squareerror of cross validation was 1.87 μg/mL at PLS factor of 7. An independent test set was used to assess the model, with the relative error (RE) in anacceptable range of 0.46 to 10.03% and mean RE of 3.72%. This study confirmed the viability of the proposed method for the measurement of a low content of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid in water.

A novel method of fast and sensitive SERS detection using GMA–EDMA porous material combined with a miniature device was reported in this study. A 100 μL solution containing sample, silver colloid and NaCl was evenly mixed to ensure the sample molecules would adsorb onto silver nanoparticles. Then the mixture was added onto the porous material surface slowly, so that the aggregation of silver colloid would stay on the surface while the liquid components would flow away. This technology can improve the sensitivity of SERS detection. By this method, two pesticides tricyclazole and paraquat were successfully detected at concentrations of 5 × 10 −3 mg/L and 1 × 10 −3 mg/L, respectively.

The study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of an extradural nerve anastomosis technique for the restoration of a C5 and C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus. Nine fresh frozen human cadavers were used. The diameters, sizes, and locations of the extradural spinal nerve roots were observed. The lengths of the extradural spinal nerve roots and the distance between the neighboring nerve root outlets were measured and compared in the cervical segments. In the spinal canal, the ventral and dorsal roots were separated by the dura and arachnoid. The ventral and dorsal roots of C7 had sufficient lengths to anastomose those of C6. The ventral and dorsal of C4 had enough length to be transferred to those of C5, respectively. The feasibility of this extradural nerve anastomosis technique for restoring C5 and C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus in human cadavers was demonstrated in our anatomical study.

For the provincial and universities' libraries, the management of books and materials are generally based on complex and huge database, such as: SQL Server, Access, and Oracle. The cost of maintenance and management is very high, even though its safety and reliability can be effectively protected. Meanwhile, it's not convenient for manual input. As for smaller enterprises, they have a tiny sample size of books and staffs, according to this situation, we designed a library management system with VBA and a barcode scanner (CCD). The results show that it has obviously decreased the chattiness of the whole process which includes borrowing and returning books, make sure the management of library materials is unified and effective.

In this paper, the traveling recorder for mine locomotive is designed, which can store a section of video for further analysis and transfer the real-time image by the wireless communication to the monitoring platform. By the recorder, the personnel in the monitor room could find some hazard situation in time. The recorder can detect the image using the method of the H.264 codec and transfer the image by the Wi-Fi. It could be applied to monitor the running mine locomotive so as to improve the level of the management and efficiency of the mine transportation.

Lifestyle changes have led to an increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in China. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between lifestyle as well as medical history and AP in the elderly population and to provide evidence towards the prevention against AP.A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 23 294 residents aged ≥55 years were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on participants' characteristics, lifestyle and medical history via a face-to-face interview, and compared these data with the medical chart.In total, 45 participants had been diagnosed with AP, that is, a prevalence of 0.19%. No significant differences were observed with respect to their age, gender, marital status or body mass index (BMI) in participants with and without AP. However, those were better educated were more likely to develop AP (P = 0.005). The univariate analysis showed that a high meat intake, smoking, alcohol consumption and a medical history of gallstones were associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing AP (P 0.05). Furthermore, smoking or alcohol consumption was dose-dependently associated with the risk of AP, particularly in those who smoked at least 15 pack-years or consumed ≥56.2 drinks per year. Multivariable logistics analysis suggested that the level of education, smoking and medical history of gallstone are independent risk factors for AP.Our study indicated that a higher education level, smoking, alcohol consumption and history of gallstones may be potential risk factors for AP in the elderly in northeast China.

To screen the plasma microRNA (miRNA) profile of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients.Agilent 19.0 miRNA microarray was used to detect the expression profile of miRNA in plasma from 25 ITP patients and 20 healthy controls from June 2012 to September 2013. The software programs of TargetScan and miRanda were used for predicting target genes associated with differential miRNA. Then gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed to explore the genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. And differential miRNA was validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).A genome-wide miRNA array revealed 29 differential miRNAs in the plasma samples of ITP patients including 15 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated miRNA. A total of 608 potential genes were predicted by TargetScan and miRanda.GO result showed that there were 475 (78.12%), 491(80.76%) and 533 (87.66%) genes respectively involved in biological process, molecular function and cellular component.Enrichment test showed 9 GO terms had significant difference (P0.05). Pathway analysis showed that 157 pathways were associated with 608 genes.Enrichment test showed 25 pathways had significant difference (P0.05). As revealed by real-time PCR, the expressions of miRNA4778-5p and miRNA4800-5p became obviously up-regulated while those of miRNA4707-5p, miRNA4721, miRNA3620-3p and miRNA378i decreased (all P0.05). The results agreed with those of microarray.The plasma differential miRNA profiles are identified in ITP patients. And miRNA is involved in calcium signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway may be associated with ITP pathogenesis.

Although the local application of mitomycin C may prevent epidural adhesion after laminectomy, mitomycin C can induce neurotoxicity in optic and acoustic nerves at high concentrations. To determine the safe concentration range for mitomycin C, cotton pads soaked with mitomycin C at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/mL) were immediately applied for 5 minutes to the operation area of rats that had undergone laminectomy at L 1 . Rat sciatic nerves, instead of dorsal nerves, were used in this study. The results showed that mitomycin C at 0.1-0.5 mg/mL did not damage the structure and function of the sciatic nerve, while at 0.7 mg/mL, mitomycin C significantly reduced the thickness of the sciatic nerve myelin sheath compared with lower concentrations, though no functional change was found. These experimental findings indicate that the local application of mitomycin C at low concentrations is safe to prevent scar adhesion following laminectomy, but that mitomycin C at high concentrations (> 0.7 mg/mL) has potential safety risks to peripheral nerve structures.

To construct and express the CD80 extracellular region-anti-human CD33 single chain fragment of variable region (ExCD80-CD33scFv) fusion gene, and detect the biological activity of the fusion protein.Extracellular region of CD80 (ExCD80) was amplified and then linked with anti-CD33scFv using 403Aa-427Aa (hydrophilic fragments) in domain III of human serum albumin (HAS) as interlinker. The recombinant fusion gene was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector PET22b(+) and expressed in E.coli Rosetta (DE3) after induction by IPTG. The purified fusion protein was obtained after a series of purification steps including cell lysis, inclusion body solubilization, Ni(2+); metal affinity chromatography and protein refolding. The biological activity of the fusion protein was detected with indirect immunofluorescence technique.The ExCD80 (633bp) was amplified by PCR and 403aa-427aa from domain III of HAS as interlinker was synthesized correctly. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated that ExCD80-CD33scFv fusion gene expression vector was successfully constructed and expressed in E.coli Rosetta (DE3). The relative molecular mass (Mr;) of the fusion protein was 55 000, which has human CD33-binding specificity after renaturation as shown by indirect immunofluorescence technique.Recombinant ExCD80-CD33scFv fusion gene was successfully constructed and expressed in E.coli Rosetta (DE3), which could provide a foundation for the future target therapy to the myeloid leukemia.

STUDY DESIGN An anatomic study of extradural spinal root in 9 embalmed cadavers. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the anatomical parameters of the extradural spinal root and to demonstrate the feasibility of spinal root anastomoses without opening the spinal dura mater. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Intradural anastomosis of the spinal root has made breakthrough progress in treating neurogenic bladder in spinal cord injury. However, because of the complex surgical procedures and extensive bony destruction, its clinical use is not widely promoted. METHODS Nine formalin-fixed cadavers were used. The distance between the nerve root outlet and ganglion center, the neighboring nerve root-outlet distance, and the gross anatomy of the extradural spinal root were measured with a surgical microscope. The number of nerve fibers from the T7 to S4 ventral roots (VRs) was calculated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The longest and shortest lengths of the extradural spinal root were observed at the S4 and T7 levels, with average values of 33.29 and 6.06 mm, respectively. The longest distance between the adjacent nerve root outlets was observed at L1-L2 (mean, 29.16 mm), and shortest at S3-S4 (mean, 11.79 mm). After leaving the dural sac, the spinal root descends in the spinal canal until reaching the corresponding intervertebral foramina, and the motor nerve roots still lie ventrally to the sensory nerve roots. The largest and smallest numbers of nerve fibers were observed at the L3 and S4 levels (mean, 9169 and 1356, respectively). CONCLUSION The dorsal roots and VRs can both be successfully harvested and identified outside the dural sac. The S1 VR can be anastomosed to the S2 VR extradurally without nerve grafts. For extradural neuroanastomosis of the thoracic VRs to the S2 VR, a nerve graft is required. In addition, there are a sufficient number of nerve fibers for functional bladder recovery at the T7-T12 and S1 levels. This study supports the feasibility of extradural spinal root anastomosis as a modified surgical method for treating neurogenic bladder. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.

To develop a rapid duplex Real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) method to detect E119V mutation on neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A(H3N2) subtype with drug resistance to oseltamivir.Twenty-six NA genes of influenza A(H3N2) virus between 2000 and 2012 in GenBank database were selected as the target genes, and specific TaqMan-MGB probe was designed to target the E119V amino acid change in neuraminidase protein. rRT-PCR was then performed and evaluated for the sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility using virus with E119V mutation and clinical samples.This study described the validation of a highly sensitive and specific duplex rRT-PCR for detection of substitutions leading to the E119V amino acid change in NA protein of influenza A(H3N2). Fluorescence signals could be detected even when diluted a A (H3N2) virus (HA = 8) into 10(-5) and linear correlation between the logarithm of the viral titer with the Ct values was observed. In addition, the assay was highly specific in that there was no cross-react with other respiratory viruses, nor did two TaqMan-MGB probes. E119V substitution in quasispecies with both sensitive and resistant viruses could be detected as well. The limit of detection was 5% for quasispecies with high concentrations and 50% for quasispecies with low concentrations. The average coefficient of variation (CV) for within-run assays was 2.32% and 0.57% for H3N2-119E and H3N2-119V primer/probe sets separately, 1.77% and 0.97% for average CV of between-run assays, which exhibited good repeatability. Sequence analysis of twenty NA genes verified glutamic acid (E) at amino acid site 119, which was in consistent with the results from our rRT-PCR method.The assay developed in this study is highly sensitive and specific, and easy to operate; thereby it could be used for identification of A(H3N2) virus with E119V amino acid change in NA protein.

To study the prevalence and variation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses, the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Mainland China during April 2011 to March 2012 were analyzed. The results showed that influenza A(H3N2) viruses increased gradually since 2012 and became the dominant strain since March. The viruses were antigenically closely related to the vaccine strain A/PER/16/09 (87.2%) and the representative virus A/FJ/196/09 (76.0%) in Mainland China. The genetic characteristics analysis results showed that recently isolated viruses belonged to the Vic/208 clade, and most of the low reaction strains also fell into the same clade. Crystal structure analysis of HA protein found that, compared with the vaccine strain A/PER/16/09, the recently isolated viruses had amino acid substitutions in the antigenic site A, B and C areas, in addition to gaining potential glycosylation sites at the amino acid position of 45 of HA and 367 of NA. Although the majority of circulating influenza A (H3N2) viruses in 2011-2012 season in Mainland China were antigeniclly matched by current influenza vaccine strain and the selected representative viruses, low reaction strains have increased since 2012, therefore it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance on the variation of influenza virus and to provide solid information for the vaccine strain selection.