251 results on '"Tarutani, Y"'
Search Results
102. High-speed operation of quasi-one junction superconducting quantum interference device based on high-Tc multilayer technology.
- Author
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Sugiyama, H., Wakana, H., Adachi, S., Tarutani, Y., and Tanabe, K.
- Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices ,SUPERCONDUCTORS ,CRYOELECTRONICS ,ELECTRIC currents ,SOLID state electronics ,CRITICAL currents - Abstract
We designed a quasi-one junction superconducting quantum interference device (QOS) based on single-flux-quantum technology using high-T
c superconductors. A circuit containing 10 interface-engineered ramp-edge Josephson junctions was fabricated on a La-substituted YBa2 Cu3 Oy ground plane. The output voltage as a function of the input current for the QOS indicated correct operation as a periodic comparator at clock frequency of 94 and 77 GHz at 35 and 40 K, respectively. A comparison of the observed maximum operating frequency with the product of the critical current and normal resistance for the junctions suggests that comparator operation above 100 GHz at 40 K is possible if one optimizes the junction parameters. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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103. Lattice bending appearing in transmission electron microscope view: the strain release in the heteroepitaxial structure of the HoBa~2Cu~3O~y/PrBa~2Cu~3O~y/SrTiO~3(110) substrate
- Author
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Hiratani, M., Tarutani, Y., and Takagi, K.
- Published
- 1998
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104. Operation of logic gate using YBa2Cu3O7-x/Ag/Pb-In superconducting weak links.
- Author
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Nishino, T., Tarutani, Y., Hasegawa, H., Fukazawa, T., Saitoh, S., Nakane, H., and Kawabe, U.
- Subjects
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LOGIC devices , *DIGITAL electronics , *SUPERCONDUCTORS - Abstract
A logic gate has been fabricated with the partial use of high-temperature superconducting films and tested to study digital applications of such films. The logic gate consists of three YBa2Cu3O7-x/Ag/Pb-In superconducting weak links and three inductors. The current-voltage characteristics of the weak links are nonhysteristic. The logic gate successfully provides and and or logic results for two external digital inputs at 4.2 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7] step-edge dc SQUID with coplanar control lines.
- Author
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Hasegawa, H. and Tarutani, Y.
- Subjects
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SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices , *SEMICONDUCTOR junctions - Abstract
Presents a yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen step-edge direct current superconducting quantum interference device. Presence of coplanar control lines in the device; Utilization of silicon double-mask layers in the construction of the step-edge junctions; Range of the spacing between the closed loop and the coplanar control lines.
- Published
- 1995
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106. Ultrahigh speed direct coupled logic gate fabricated with NbN/Pb Josephson junctions.
- Author
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Hatano, Y., Nishino, T., Tarutani, Y., and Kawabe, U.
- Subjects
JOSEPHSON junctions ,NIOBIUM nitride ,LEAD alloys ,ELECTRODES ,CURRENT density (Electromagnetism) - Abstract
A chain circuit of direct coupled logic gates consisting of niobium nitride (NbN)-lead (Pb) alloy electrodes has been fabricated. The junctions used were of 1.5 μm square and had a current density of 20 kA/cm2. A special sampling method with jitter of ±1.5 ps was used to precisely measure the short delay time. A minimum logic delay of 5.6 ps/gate has been obtained with a fan in=fan out=1 structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1984
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107. A 4-bit×4-bit multiplier and 3-bit counter in Josephson threshold logic
- Author
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Hatano, Y., primary, Harada, Y., additional, Yamashita, K., additional, Tarutani, Y., additional, and Kawabe, U., additional
- Published
- 1987
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108. Atomic radii and lattice parameters of the A15 crystal structure
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Tarutani, Y., primary and Kudo, M., additional
- Published
- 1977
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109. Nb3In and Mo3Sn thin films with A-15 type structure
- Author
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Tarutani, Y., primary and Kawabe, U., additional
- Published
- 1978
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110. Light-Induced Current Suppression of Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ Weak Link
- Author
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Kawabe, U., primary, Nishino, T., additional, Tarutani, Y., additional, and Hasegawa, H., additional
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
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111. Superconducting tunneling junctions of V3Si‐SiOx‐Mo3Re2
- Author
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Tarutani, Y., primary, Yamada, K., additional, and Kawabe, U., additional
- Published
- 1980
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112. The Effect of Nitrogen on the Localized Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel Simulated Weldments
- Author
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Tsuge, H., primary, Tarutani, Y., additional, and Kudo, T., additional
- Published
- 1988
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113. Electrical Characteristics of All-Oxide S-N-S Junctions in the Normal State.
- Author
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Tarutani, Y., Hiratani, M., Fukazawa, T., Kabasawa, U., Tsukamoto, A., Suga, M., and Takagi, K.
- Published
- 1992
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114. Light-Induced Current Suppression of Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ Weak Link.
- Author
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Kawabe, U., Nishino, T., Tarutani, Y., and Hasegawa, H.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
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115. Electrical characteristics of HoBa 2Cu 3O 7 − x-PrBa 2Cu 3O 7 − y-HoBa 2Cu 3O 7 − x junctions with planar-type structures
- Author
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Kabasawa, U., Tarutani, Y., Tsukamoto, A., Fukazawa, T., Hiratani, M., and Takagi, K.
- Published
- 1992
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116. Evaluation of non-superconducting La-Ba-Cu-O thin films
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Hiratani, M., Tarutani, Y., Fukazawa, T., and Tsukamoto, A.
- Published
- 1992
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117. Growth of SrTiO~3 thin films by pulsed-laser deposition
- Author
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Hiratani, M., Tarutani, Y., Fukazawa, T., and Okamoto, M.
- Published
- 1993
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118. Investigation of flux state in high-<f>Tc</f> junctions and circuits based on multilayer structures having oxygen via holes by a scanning SQUID microscope
- Author
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Suzuki, K., Wakana, H., Tarutani, Y., and Tanabe, K.
- Subjects
- *
OXYGEN , *NONMETALS , *OXIDATION , *OPTICAL instruments - Abstract
We have investigated the flux state in high-
Tc circuits based on multilayer structures including La-doped YBCO (La-YBCO) ground plane by a scanning SQUID microscope (SSM) system. The circuits contained via holes in the insulating layer and the ground plane. They were post-annealed in flowing oxygen under various conditions such as the annealing temperature and the annealing time. It was found that the flux state depends on the post-annealing temperature strongly, and in the case of annealing at temperatures lower than 500 °C, oxygen is not provided into the ground plane sufficiently. Moreover, we found that oxygen via holes are necessary to provide oxygen sufficiently into the ground plane, and an appropriate via hole configuration is needed for homogeneous oxidation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2004
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119. Transport properties of semiconducting cuprates, La [sbnd]Ba [sbnd]Cu [sbnd]O
- Author
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Hiratani, M., Tarutani, Y., Fukazawa, T., and Takagi, K.
- Published
- 1991
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120. Preparation of multilayer films for integrated high-T c SQUIDs with ramp-edge Josephson junctions
- Author
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Adachi, S., Hata, K., Sugano, T., Wakana, H., Hato, T., Tarutani, Y., and Tanabe, K.
- Subjects
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ELECTRIC resistors , *PULSED laser deposition , *COATING processes , *ELECTRIC equipment - Abstract
Abstract: We proposed a novel multilayer structure having a new combination of oxides for integrated high-T c SQUID with ramp-edge Josephson junctions. La0.1Er0.95Ba1.95Cu3O y (L1ErBCO) and SmBa2Cu3O y (SmBCO) were used as counter- and base-electrodes, respectively. An SrSnO3 (SSO) layer was deposited as an insulating layer. Prior to deposition of SmBCO, Pr1.4Ba1.6Cu2.6Ga0.4O y (P4G4) and SSO were deposited on MgO (100) substrate in order to improve film quality of L1ErBCO/SSO/SmBCO layers. The black-colored P4G4 layer was expected to work as a temperature homogenizer over a whole substrate area during deposition of the upper layers. All the layers except L1ErBCO were deposited by an off-axis magnetron sputtering. An L1ErBCO layer was deposited by a pulsed laser deposition method. A thin Cu-poor L1ErBCO layer was initially deposited to form an adequate barrier on the ramp-edge of SmBCO. Gradiometer arrays having multilayered feedback coils and pickup loops were made in a chip and their proper operation at 77K was confirmed. The present multilayer structure is promising for application to SQUIDs with more complicated designs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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121. Magnetic imaging of YBa2Cu3O y sampler circuits with moats by a scanning SQUID microscope
- Author
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Suzuki, K., Maruyama, M., Hato, T., Suzuki, H., Ishimaru, Y., Nakayama, K., Wakana, H., Adachi, S., Tarutani, Y., and Tanabe, K.
- Subjects
- *
MAGNETIC fields , *MAGNETIC flux , *ELECTROMAGNETIC induction , *ELECTRIC currents - Abstract
Abstract: We have investigated the flux state in YBa2Cu3O y (YBCO) sampler circuits having superconducting ground planes with 5 or 7-μm-wide moats by a scanning SQUID microscope (SSM) system. It was found that magnetic flux was trapped into continuous moats with the length larger than 20μm, and magnetic flux was excluded from the moat-surrounded area which includes ramp-edge Josephson junctions and ground plane contacts. We ensured that flux trapping into ground plane contacts is suppressed by reducing its size to typically 5×5μm2. The threshold value for complete flux exclusion is about 0.8μT slightly depending on chips, which can be readily achieved with dual μ-metal magnetic shielding. In addition, we have observed the magnetic flux due to electric noise which comes from outside the SSM chamber. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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122. Examination of deposition conditions for SrSnO3 insulating layer for single flux quantum circuits
- Author
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Wakana, H., Kamitani, Ai, Adachi, S., Nakayama, K., Ishimaru, Y., Tarutani, Y., and Tanabe, K.
- Subjects
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FLUORESCENCE , *RADIOACTIVITY , *FLUORIMETRY , *X-ray spectroscopy - Abstract
Abstract: We examined the deposition conditions for SrSnO3 films with a smooth surface and good crystallinity on both ground plane (GP) and MgO substrate, and successfully found the optimum conditions. SrSnO3 insulating layers were prepared by an rf magnetron sputtering method. SrSnO3 films deposited at gas pressure of 80mTorr (Ar+50% O2) and rf power of 50W with optimized target-substrate configuration had a smooth surface with the average roughness R a less than 1nm. The measured X-ray rocking curve for the (200) reflection peak showed a small FWHM value of 0.3°. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP) revealed that the Sn/Sr cationic ratio for the films were close to unity. Employing the optimized SrSnO3 films, we fabricated interface-engineered ramp-edge junctions on a patterned GP. The fabricated junctions exhibited RSJ-type I–V characteristics with I c R n products of about 2.1mV at 4.2K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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123. Influence of deposition conditions of La-doped YbBa2Cu3O<f>y</f> upper layers on electrical properties of interface-modified ramp-edge junction
- Author
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Wakana, H., Adachi, S., Horibe, M., Ishimaru, Y., Horibe, O., Tarutani, Y., and Tanabe, K.
- Subjects
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METALLIC films , *PULSED laser deposition - Abstract
We have fabricated interface-modified ramp-edge junctions with sputtered La-doped YBa2Cu3O
y (La-YBCO) and La-doped YbBa2Cu3Oy (La-YbBCO) by pulsed laser deposition as base and counter-layers, respectively. The influences of deposition parameters for the La-YbBCO counter-layers on the electrical properties andIc spread of the junctions are investigated. Junctions with resistively and capacitively shunted junction-like I–V characteristics and a typicalIcRn of 2–3 mV at 4.2 K can be fabricated in the substrate temperature range of 640–700 °C. By optimizing the deposition parameters including the target–substrate distance, a 1σ spread inIc as small as 8.7% is obtained for 25-junction series array. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2002
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124. Switching speed of DCL-gates with high-J /SUB c/ Josephson junctions
- Author
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Tarutani, Y
- Published
- 1985
125. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during treatment of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy.
- Author
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Dobashi N, Sada KE, Kanemori G, Okada T, Tarutani Y, Yamamoto M, Yabe M, Inoue K, Imaizumi Y, Nishii M, Katsurada M, and Misaki K
- Subjects
- Humans, Lung, Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis diagnosis, Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis drug therapy, Autoimmune Diseases diagnosis, Autoimmune Diseases drug therapy, Myositis
- Published
- 2024
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126. Ten-year clinical outcomes from a randomized trial comparing new-generation everolimus-eluting stent versus first-generation Sirolimus-eluting stent: Results from the RESET extended study.
- Author
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Shiomi H, Kozuma K, Morimoto T, Kadota K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Tamura T, Abe M, Suwa S, Ito Y, Kobayashi M, Dai K, Nakao K, Tarutani Y, Taniguchi R, Nishikawa H, Yamamoto Y, Yamasaki T, Okamura A, Nakagawa Y, Ando K, Kobayashi K, Kawai K, Hibi K, and Kimura T
- Abstract
Background: New-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) achieved technological innovations and reported clinical advantages as compared with first-generation DES in clinical trials with 3-5 years follow-up. However, detailed clinical outcome data in very long-term follow-up is still scarce., Objectives: To evaluate 10-year clinical outcomes after first- and new-generation DES implantation., Methods: In this extende follow-up study of the RESET, which is a largest randomized trial comparing everolimus-eluting stent (EES) with Sirolimus-eluting stent (SES), the study population consisted of 2892 patients from 84 centers. The primary efficacy and safety endpoints were target lesion revascularization (TLR) and a composite of death or myocardial infarction (MI), respectively. Complete 10-year follow-up was achieved in 87.9% of patients., Results: Cumulative 10-year incidences of TLR and non-TLR were not significantly different between EES and SES (13.9% vs. 15.7%, Log-rank p = 0.20, and 33.4% vs. 31.3%, Log-rank p = 0.30). The cumulative 10-year incidence of death/MI was also not significantly different between the groups (32.5% vs. 34.4%, Log-rank p = 0.18). Cumulative 10-year incidence of definite stent thrombosis was numerically lower in EES than in SES (1.0% vs. 1.7%, Log-rank p = 0.16). The lower risk of EES relative to SES was significant for a composite endpoint of target lesion failure (TLF: 19.6% vs. 24.9%, Log-rank p = 0.001) and target vessel failure (TVF: 26.7% vs. 31.4%, Log-rank p = 0.006)., Conclusion: During 10-year of follow-up, the risks for primary efficacy and safety endpoints were not significantly different between new-generation EES and first-generation SES, although EES compared with SES was associated with a lower risk for composite endpoints such as TLF and TVF., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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127. Arms race between anti-silencing and RdDM in noncoding regions of transposable elements.
- Author
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Sasaki T, Kato K, Hosaka A, Fu Y, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Tarutani Y, and Kakutani T
- Subjects
- DNA Transposable Elements genetics, Gene Silencing, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism
- Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are among the most dynamic parts of genomes. Since TEs are potentially deleterious, eukaryotes silence them through epigenetic mechanisms such as repressive histone modifications and DNA methylation. We previously reported that Arabidopsis TEs, called VANDALs, counteract epigenetic silencing through a group of sequence-specific anti-silencing proteins, VANCs. VANC proteins bind to noncoding regions of specific VANDAL copies and induce loss of silent chromatin marks. The VANC-target regions form tandem repeats, which diverge rapidly. Sequence-specific anti-silencing allows these TEs to proliferate with minimum host damage. Here, we show that RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) efficiently targets noncoding regions of VANDAL TEs to silence them de novo. Thus, escape from RdDM could be a primary event leading to the rapid evolution and diversification of sequence-specific anti-silencing systems. We propose that this selfish behavior of TEs paradoxically could make them diverse and less harmful to the host., (© 2023 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.)
- Published
- 2023
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128. Local and global crosstalk among heterochromatin marks drives DNA methylome patterning in Arabidopsis.
- Author
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To TK, Yamasaki C, Oda S, Tominaga S, Kobayashi A, Tarutani Y, and Kakutani T
- Subjects
- Cytosine Nucleotides metabolism, Epigenesis, Genetic genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant genetics, Heterochromatin genetics, Histones metabolism, Arabidopsis genetics, DNA Methylation physiology, DNA Transposable Elements genetics, Genome, Plant genetics, Heterochromatin metabolism
- Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are robustly silenced by multiple epigenetic marks, but dynamics of crosstalk among these marks remains enigmatic. In Arabidopsis, TEs are silenced by cytosine methylation in both CpG and non-CpG contexts (mCG and mCH) and histone H3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9me). While mCH and H3K9me are mutually dependent for their maintenance, mCG and mCH/H3K9me are independently maintained. Here, we show that establishment, rather than maintenance, of mCH depends on mCG, accounting for the synergistic colocalization of these silent marks in TEs. When mCG is lost, establishment of mCH is abolished in TEs. mCG also guides mCH in active genes, though the resulting mCH/H3K9me is removed thereafter. Unexpectedly, targeting efficiency of mCH depends on relative, rather than absolute, levels of mCG within the genome, suggesting underlying global negative controls. We propose that local positive feedback in heterochromatin dynamics, together with global negative feedback, drive robust and balanced DNA methylome patterning., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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129. Author Correction: RNA interference-independent reprogramming of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis.
- Author
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To TK, Nishizawa Y, Inagaki S, Tarutani Y, Tominaga S, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Berger F, and Kakutani T
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
130. RNA interference-independent reprogramming of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis.
- Author
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To TK, Nishizawa Y, Inagaki S, Tarutani Y, Tominaga S, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Berger F, and Kakutani T
- Subjects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genes, Plant, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism, DNA Methylation genetics, DNA Transposable Elements genetics, Gene Silencing, Histones genetics, Histones metabolism, RNA Interference
- Abstract
DNA methylation is important for silencing transposable elements (TEs) in diverse eukaryotes, including plants. In plant genomes, TEs are silenced by methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and cytosines in both CG and non-CG contexts. The role of RNA interference (RNAi) in establishing TE-specific silent marks has been extensively studied, but the importance of RNAi-independent pathways remains largely unexplored. Here, we directly investigated transgenerational de novo DNA methylation of TEs after the loss of silent marks. Our analyses uncovered potent and precise RNAi-independent pathways for recovering non-CG methylation and H3K9 methylation in most TE genes (that is, coding regions within TEs). Characterization of a subset of TE genes without the recovery revealed the effects of H3K9 demethylation, replacement of histone H2A variants and their interaction with CG methylation, together with feedback from transcription. These chromatin components are conserved among eukaryotes and may contribute to chromatin reprogramming in a conserved manner.
- Published
- 2020
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131. DNA methylation is reconfigured at the onset of reproduction in rice shoot apical meristem.
- Author
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Higo A, Saihara N, Miura F, Higashi Y, Yamada M, Tamaki S, Ito T, Tarutani Y, Sakamoto T, Fujiwara M, Kurata T, Fukao Y, Moritoh S, Terada R, Kinoshita T, Ito T, Kakutani T, Shimamoto K, and Tsuji H
- Subjects
- DNA Transposable Elements, Developmental Biology, Epigenomics, Flowers, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Inflorescence, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, DNA Methylation, Meristem genetics, Meristem growth & development, Oryza genetics, Plant Shoots genetics, Plant Shoots growth & development
- Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that specifies the basic state of pluripotent stem cells and regulates the developmental transition from stem cells to various cell types. In flowering plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) contains a pluripotent stem cell population which generates the aerial part of plants including the germ cells. Under appropriate conditions, the SAM undergoes a developmental transition from a leaf-forming vegetative SAM to an inflorescence- and flower-forming reproductive SAM. While SAM characteristics are largely altered in this transition, the complete picture of DNA methylation remains elusive. Here, by analyzing whole-genome DNA methylation of isolated rice SAMs in the vegetative and reproductive stages, we show that methylation at CHH sites is kept high, particularly at transposable elements (TEs), in the vegetative SAM relative to the differentiated leaf, and increases in the reproductive SAM via the RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway. We also show that half of the TEs that were highly methylated in gametes had already undergone CHH hypermethylation in the SAM. Our results indicate that changes in DNA methylation begin in the SAM long before germ cell differentiation to protect the genome from harmful TEs.
- Published
- 2020
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132. Randomized comparison between 2-link cell design biolimus A9-eluting stent and 3-link cell design everolimus-eluting stent in patients with de novo true coronary bifurcation lesions: the BEGIN trial.
- Author
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Yamawaki M, Muramatsu T, Ashida K, Kishi K, Morino Y, Kinoshita Y, Fujii T, Noguchi Y, Hosogi S, Kawai K, Hibi K, Shibata Y, Ohira H, Morita Y, Tarutani Y, Toda M, Shimada Y, Ikari Y, Ando J, Hikichi Y, Otsuka Y, Fuku Y, Ito S, Katoh H, Kadota K, Ito Y, and Mitsudo K
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease mortality, Coronary Thrombosis etiology, Coronary Thrombosis mortality, Female, Humans, Japan, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction etiology, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Polymers chemistry, Prospective Studies, Prosthesis Design, Sirolimus administration & dosage, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Absorbable Implants, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Drug-Eluting Stents, Everolimus administration & dosage, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Sirolimus analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
The appropriate stent platform for treating coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs) remains controversial. Previous bench tests have demonstrated the superiority of a 2-link cell design to 3-link cell design for creating inter-strut dilation at the side branch ostium. This randomized multicenter prospective BEGIN trial compared the biodegradable polymer-based biolimus A9-eluting stent (2-link BES) with the durable polymer-based cobalt chromium everolimus-eluting stent (3-link EES) in 226 patients with de novo CBLs. Patients with true bifurcations, defined as > 50% stenosis in the main vessel and side branch (SB) and an SB diameter > 2.25 mm, were enrolled. Guide wire re-crossing to the distal cell (near the carina) in the jailed SB and final kissing inflation were recommended. The SB angiographic endpoint was < 50% stenosis diameter. Left-main CBLs (13.5% vs. 13.0%) and 2-stent technique (30.6% vs. 22.6%) rates were similar. The primary endpoints (minimum lumen diameter at the SB ostium measured at an independent core laboratory at the 8-month follow-up) were comparable (1.64 ± 0.50 mm vs. 1.63 ± 0.51 mm, p = 0.976). There was no significant difference in composite outcomes of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vascular revascularization at 12 months (7.4% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.894). Two-link BES and 3-link EES showed similar 8-month angiographic and 1-year clinical outcomes for true CBLs.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. Seasonal Stability and Dynamics of DNA Methylation in Plants in a Natural Environment.
- Author
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Ito T, Nishio H, Tarutani Y, Emura N, Honjo MN, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Kakutani T, and Kudoh H
- Subjects
- CpG Islands, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, Genomics methods, DNA Methylation, Environment, Gene-Environment Interaction, Plants genetics, Seasons
- Abstract
: DNA methylation has been considered a stable epigenetic mark but may respond to fluctuating environments. However, it is unclear how they behave in natural environments. Here, we analyzed seasonal patterns of genome-wide DNA methylation in a single clone from a natural population of the perennial Arabidopsis halleri . The genome-wide pattern of DNA methylation was primarily stable, and most of the repetitive regions were methylated across the year. Although the proportion was small, we detected seasonally methylated cytosines (SeMCs) in the genome. SeMCs in the CHH context were detected predominantly at repetitive sequences in intergenic regions. In contrast, gene-body CG methylation (gbM) itself was generally stable across seasons, but the levels of gbM were positively associated with seasonal stability of RNA expression of the genes. These results suggest the existence of two distinct aspects of DNA methylation in natural environments: sources of epigenetic variation and epigenetic marks for stable gene expression., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
134. 7-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Trial Comparing the First-Generation Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus the New-Generation Everolimus-Eluting Stent: The RESET Trial.
- Author
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Shiomi H, Kozuma K, Morimoto T, Kadota K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Akasaka T, Abe M, Takeji Y, Suwa S, Ito Y, Kobayashi M, Dai K, Nakao K, Tarutani Y, Taniguchi R, Nishikawa H, Yamamoto Y, Nakagawa Y, Ando K, Kobayashi K, Kawai K, Hibi K, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Aged, Cardiovascular Agents adverse effects, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease mortality, Everolimus adverse effects, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention adverse effects, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention mortality, Prospective Studies, Prosthesis Design, Sirolimus adverse effects, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Agents administration & dosage, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Drug-Eluting Stents, Everolimus administration & dosage, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention instrumentation, Sirolimus administration & dosage
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare 7-year outcomes between the first-generation sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and the new-generation everolimus-eluting stent (EES) in a randomized clinical trial., Background: There is a scarcity of very long-term (beyond 5 years) data from clinical trials investigating whether new-generation drug-eluting stents have clear clinical advantages over first-generation drug-eluting stents., Methods: RESET (Randomized Evaluation of Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial) is the largest randomized trial comparing EES with SES (NCT01035450). Among a total of 3,197 patients in the original RESET population from 100 centers, the present extended 7-year follow-up study was conducted in 2,667 patients from 75 centers after excluding those patients enrolled from centers that denied participation. Complete 7-year follow-up was achieved in 91.5% of patients., Results: The cumulative 7-year incidence of the primary efficacy endpoint of target lesion revascularization was not significantly different between EES and SES (10.2% vs. 11.7%; hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.68 to 1.10; p = 0.24). The risk for the primary safety endpoint of death or myocardial infarction trended lower with EES than with SES (20.6% vs. 23.6%; hazard ratio: 0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.005; p = 0.06). The cumulative 7-year incidence of definite stent thrombosis was very low and similar between EES and SES (0.9% vs. 1.0%; p = 0.82). The lower risk of EES relative to SES was significant for the composite secondary endpoint of target lesion failure (13.3% vs. 18.1%; hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 0.88; p = 0.001)., Conclusions: During 7 years of follow-up, the risk for target lesion revascularization was not significantly different between the new-generation EES and the first-generation SES., (Copyright © 2019 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. DNA Methylation Diversification at the Integrated Organellar DNA-Like Sequence.
- Author
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Yoshida T, Tarutani Y, Kakutani T, and Kawabe A
- Abstract
Plants have a lot of diversity in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation in their natural populations or cultivars. Although many studies observing the epigenetic diversity within and among species have been reported, the mechanisms how these variations are generated are still not clear. In addition to the de novo spontaneous epi-mutation, the intra- and inter-specific crossing can also cause a change of epigenetic modifications in their progenies. Here we report an example of diversification of DNA methylation by crossing and succeeding selfing. We traced the inheritance pattern of epigenetic modification during the crossing experiment between two natural strains Columbia (Col), and Landsberg electa (L er ) in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to observe the inheritance of DNA methylation in two organellar DNA-like sequence regions in the nuclear genome. Because organellar DNA integration to the nuclear genome is common in flowering plants and these sequences are occasionally methylated, such DNA could be the novel source of plant genome evolution. The amplicon sequencing, using bisulfite-converted DNA and a next-generation auto-sequencer, was able to efficiently track the heredity of DNA methylation in F₁ and F₂ populations. One region showed hypomethylation in the F₁ population and succeeding elevation of DNA methylation with large variance in the F₂ population. The methylation level of Col and L er alleles in F₂ heterozygotes showed a significant positive correlation, implying the trans-chromosomal effect on DNA methylation. The results may suggest the possible mechanism causing the natural epigenetic diversity within plant populations.
- Published
- 2018
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136. Impact of Angiographic Residual Stenosis on Clinical Outcomes After New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Implantation: Insights From a Pooled Analysis of the RESET and NEXT Trials.
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Watanabe H, Morimoto T, Shiomi H, Natsuaki M, Kawai K, Kozuma K, Igarashi K, Kadota K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Hibi K, Akasaka T, Abe M, Suwa S, Muramatsu T, Kobayashi M, Dai K, Nakao K, Tarutani Y, Fujii K, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Aged, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention adverse effects, Predictive Value of Tests, Prosthesis Design, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Coronary Stenosis therapy, Drug-Eluting Stents, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention instrumentation
- Abstract
Background: Previous intravascular ultrasound studies suggested the association of stent underexpansion with increased risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis. However, no previous study has addressed the association of the suboptimal angiographic result with target-lesion revascularization (TLR) in patients receiving new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES)., Methods and Results: RESET (Randomized evaluation of sirolimus-eluting versus everolimus-eluting stent trial) and NEXT (NOBORI biolimus-eluting versus XIENCE/PROMUS everolimus-eluting stent trial) are prospective, multicenter, randomized "DES versus DES" trials; 3196 patients and 3235 patients were enrolled in the RESET and NEXT, respectively. Using the pooled individual patient-level data, the current study population consisted of 3679 patients who received single-lesion treatment using new-generation DES such as everolimus-eluting stent and biolimus-eluting stent. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to the residual in-stent % diameter stenosis (%DS) after stent implantation by offline quantitative coronary angiography assessed in a core angiographic laboratory (optimal group: %DS <10%, intermediate group: %DS=10% to 20%, suboptimal group: %DS ≧20%). The cumulative 3-year incidence of TLR was significantly higher in the suboptimal group than in the intermediate and optimal groups (9.8% versus 5.8% versus 5.7%, log-rank P =0.004). Even after adjusting for the clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, the excess TLR risk of the suboptimal group relative to the optimal group remained significant (hazard ratio: 1.65, 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.41, P =0.009). The excess TLR risk of the suboptimal group relative to the optimal group was consistently seen across all the subgroups including heavy calcification., Conclusions: The residual angiographic in-stent %DS ≥20% was associated with increased risk for TLR in patients treated with the new-generation DES., (© 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.)
- Published
- 2018
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137. Second-Generation vs. First-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients With Calcified Coronary Lesions - Pooled Analysis From the RESET and NEXT Trials.
- Author
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Nishida K, Nakatsuma K, Shiomi H, Natsuaki M, Kawai K, Morimoto T, Kozuma K, Igarashi K, Kadota K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Hibi K, Akasaka T, Abe M, Suwa S, Muramatsu T, Kobayashi M, Dai K, Nakao K, Tarutani Y, Fujii K, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Aged, Everolimus administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Revascularization standards, Sirolimus administration & dosage, Sirolimus analogs & derivatives, Treatment Outcome, Calcinosis therapy, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Drug-Eluting Stents standards
- Abstract
Background: The comparative efficacy of second-generation (G2) vs. first-generation (G1) drug-eluting stents (DES) for calcified coronary lesions is unknown.Methods and Results:We compared the 3-year clinical outcomes of patients with G1- or G2-DES according to the presence or absence of calcified coronary lesions as assessed in an angiographic core laboratory using data from 2 large-scale prospective multicenter randomized trials, RESET and NEXT. G1-DES and G2-DES were implanted in 299 and 1,033 patients, respectively, in the Calc stratum (≥1 lesion with moderate/severe calcification), and 1,208 and 3,550 patients, respectively, in the Non-calc stratum (no/mild calcification). The patients in the Calc stratum had a significantly higher adjusted risk for the primary outcome measure (any target-lesion revascularization (TLR)) than those in the Non-calc stratum (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11-1.71, P=0.004). The cumulative 3-year incidence of any TLR was not significantly different between the G1-DES and G2-DES groups in both the Calc and Non-calc strata (12.1% vs. 9.7%, P=0.22, and 6.8% vs. 6.1%, P=0.44, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, the effect of G2DES relative to G1-DES for any TLR remained insignificant in both the Calc and Non-calc strata (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.48-1.25, P=0.3, and HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61-1.17, P=0.31, respectively, P interaction=0.55)., Conclusions: The effect of G2-DES relative to G1-DES for TLR was not significantly different regardless of the presence or absence of lesion calcification.
- Published
- 2018
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138. Evolution of sequence-specific anti-silencing systems in Arabidopsis.
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Hosaka A, Saito R, Takashima K, Sasaki T, Fu Y, Kawabe A, Ito T, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Tarutani Y, and Kakutani T
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Base Sequence, DNA Methylation, Genome, Plant genetics, Nucleotide Motifs genetics, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Trans-Activators genetics, Arabidopsis genetics, DNA Transposable Elements genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Silencing
- Abstract
The arms race between parasitic sequences and their hosts is a major driving force for evolution of gene control systems. Since transposable elements (TEs) are potentially deleterious, eukaryotes silence them by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Little is known about how TEs counteract silencing to propagate during evolution. Here, we report behavior of sequence-specific anti-silencing proteins used by Arabidopsis TEs and evolution of those proteins and their target sequences. We show that VANC, a TE-encoded anti-silencing protein, induces extensive DNA methylation loss throughout TEs. Related VANC proteins have evolved to hypomethylate TEs of completely different spectra. Targets for VANC proteins often form tandem repeats, which vary considerably between related TEs. We propose that evolution of VANC proteins and their targets allow propagation of TEs while causing minimal host damage. Our findings provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics of these apparently "selfish" sequences. They also provide potential tools to edit epigenomes in a sequence-specific manner.
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- 2017
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139. The histone H3 variant H3.3 regulates gene body DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Wollmann H, Stroud H, Yelagandula R, Tarutani Y, Jiang D, Jing L, Jamge B, Takeuchi H, Holec S, Nie X, Kakutani T, Jacobsen SE, and Berger F
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Chromatin chemistry, Chromatin metabolism, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases genetics, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases metabolism, DNA Methylation, DNA, Plant metabolism, Histones metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Transcription, Genetic, Arabidopsis genetics, DNA, Plant genetics, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genome, Plant, Histones genetics, Plant Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Background: Gene bodies of vertebrates and flowering plants are occupied by the histone variant H3.3 and DNA methylation. The origin and significance of these profiles remain largely unknown. DNA methylation and H3.3 enrichment profiles over gene bodies are correlated and both have a similar dependence on gene transcription levels. This suggests a mechanistic link between H3.3 and gene body methylation., Results: We engineered an H3.3 knockdown in Arabidopsis thaliana and observed transcription reduction that predominantly affects genes responsive to environmental cues. When H3.3 levels are reduced, gene bodies show a loss of DNA methylation correlated with transcription levels. To study the origin of changes in DNA methylation profiles when H3.3 levels are reduced, we examined genome-wide distributions of several histone H3 marks, H2A.Z, and linker histone H1. We report that in the absence of H3.3, H1 distribution increases in gene bodies in a transcription-dependent manner., Conclusions: We propose that H3.3 prevents recruitment of H1, inhibiting H1's promotion of chromatin folding that restricts access to DNA methyltransferases responsible for gene body methylation. Thus, gene body methylation is likely shaped by H3.3 dynamics in conjunction with transcriptional activity.
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- 2017
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140. Gene-body chromatin modification dynamics mediate epigenome differentiation in Arabidopsis .
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Inagaki S, Takahashi M, Hosaka A, Ito T, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Tarutani Y, and Kakutani T
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- Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases genetics, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases metabolism, Methylation, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism, Gene Silencing, Heterochromatin metabolism, Histones genetics, Mutation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Abstract
Heterochromatin is marked by methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me). A puzzling feature of H3K9me is that this modification localizes not only in promoters but also in internal regions (bodies) of silent transcription units. Despite its prevalence, the biological significance of gene-body H3K9me remains enigmatic. Here we show that H3K9me-associated removal of H3K4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) in gene bodies mediates transcriptional silencing. Mutations in an Arabidopsis H3K9 demethylase gene IBM1 induce ectopic H3K9me2 accumulation in gene bodies, with accompanying severe developmental defects. Through suppressor screening of the ibm1 -induced developmental defects, we identified the LDL2 gene, which encodes a homolog of conserved H3K4 demethylases. The ldl2 mutation suppressed the developmental defects, without suppressing the ibm1 -induced ectopic H3K9me2. The ectopic H3K9me2 mark directed removal of gene-body H3K4me1 and caused transcriptional repression in an LDL2-dependent manner. Furthermore, mutations of H3K9 methylases increased the level of H3K4me1 in the gene bodies of various transposable elements, and this H3K4me1 increase is a prerequisite for their transcriptional derepression. Our results uncover an unexpected role of gene-body H3K9me2/H3K4me1 dynamics as a mediator of heterochromatin silencing and epigenome differentiation., (© 2017 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2017
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141. A complex dominance hierarchy is controlled by polymorphism of small RNAs and their targets.
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Yasuda S, Wada Y, Kakizaki T, Tarutani Y, Miura-Uno E, Murase K, Fujii S, Hioki T, Shimoda T, Takada Y, Shiba H, Takasaki-Yasuda T, Suzuki G, Watanabe M, and Takayama S
- Abstract
In diploid organisms, phenotypic traits are often biased by effects known as Mendelian dominant-recessive interactions between inherited alleles. Phenotypic expression of SP11 alleles, which encodes the male determinants of self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa, is governed by a complex dominance hierarchy
1-3 . Here, we show that a single polymorphic 24 nucleotide small RNA, named SP11 methylation inducer 2 (Smi2), controls the linear dominance hierarchy of the four SP11 alleles (S44 > S60 > S40 > S29 ). In all dominant-recessive interactions, small RNA variants derived from the linked region of dominant SP11 alleles exhibited high sequence similarity to the promoter regions of recessive SP11 alleles and acted in trans to epigenetically silence their expression. Together with our previous study4 , we propose a new model: sequence similarity between polymorphic small RNAs and their target regulates mono-allelic gene expression, which explains the entire five-phased linear dominance hierarchy of the SP11 phenotypic expression in Brassica.- Published
- 2016
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142. Final 3-Year Outcome of a Randomized Trial Comparing Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Using Either Biodegradable Polymer or Durable Polymer: NOBORI Biolimus-Eluting Versus XIENCE/PROMUS Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial.
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Natsuaki M, Kozuma K, Morimoto T, Kadota K, Muramatsu T, Nakagawa Y, Akasaka T, Igarashi K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Ishikawa T, Nishikawa H, Awata M, Abe M, Okada H, Takatsu Y, Ogata N, Kimura K, Urasawa K, Tarutani Y, Shiode N, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Absorbable Implants statistics & numerical data, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Prospective Studies, Sirolimus administration & dosage, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, Drug-Eluting Stents statistics & numerical data, Everolimus administration & dosage, Myocardial Infarction etiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Postoperative Complications mortality, Sirolimus analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of data reporting the clinical outcomes of biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent (BP-BES) compared with durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES) beyond 1 year after stent implantation when the polymer is fully degraded., Methods and Results: The NOBORI Biolimus-Eluting Versus XIENCE/PROMUS Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial (NEXT) is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial comparing BP-BES with DP-EES in patients scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stent (DES) without any exclusion criteria among 98 participating centers in Japan. The trial was designed to evaluate noninferiority of BP-BES relative to DP-EES in terms of any target-lesion revascularization at 1 year and death or myocardial infarction at 3 years. Between May and October 2011, 3235 patients were randomly assigned to receive either BP-BES (1617 patients) or DP-EES (1618 patients). Complete 3-year follow-up was achieved in 97.6% of patients. At 3 years, the primary safety end point of death or myocardial infarction occurred in 159 patients (9.9%) in the BP-BES group and in 166 patients (10.3%) in the DP-EES group, demonstrating noninferiority of BP-BES relative to DP-EES (P noninferiority<0.0001 and P superiority=0.7). Cumulative incidence of target-lesion revascularization was not significantly different between the 2 groups (7.4% versus 7.1%; P=0.8). By a landmark analysis at 1 year, the cumulative incidences of death or myocardial infarction and target-lesion revascularization were also not significantly different between the 2 groups (4.6% versus 5.2%; P=0.46 and 3.3% versus 2.7%; P=0.39, respectively)., Conclusions: Safety and efficacy outcomes of BP-BES were non inferior to those of DP-EES 3 years after stent implantation., Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01303640., (© 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.)
- Published
- 2015
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143. Development of new risk score for pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease based on coronary CT angiography.
- Author
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Fujimoto S, Kondo T, Yamamoto H, Yokoyama N, Tarutani Y, Takamura K, Urabe Y, Konno K, Nishizaki Y, Shinozaki T, Kihara Y, Daida H, Isshiki T, and Takase S
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Probability, ROC Curve, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Coronary Angiography methods, Coronary Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Radiographic Image Enhancement methods, Risk Assessment
- Abstract
Existing methods to calculate pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) have been established using selected high-risk patients who were referred to conventional coronary angiography. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate our new method for pre-test probability of obstructive CAD using patients who underwent coronary CT angiography (CTA), which could be applicable to a wider range of patient population. Using consecutive 4137 patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary CTA at our institution, a multivariate logistic regression model including clinical factors as covariates calculated the pre-test probability (K-score) of obstructive CAD determined by coronary CTA. The K-score was compared with the Duke clinical score using the area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver-operating characteristic curve. External validation was performed by an independent sample of 319 patients. The final model included eight significant predictors: age, gender, coronary risk factor (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking), history of cerebral infarction, and chest symptom. The AUC of the K-score was significantly greater than that of the Duke clinical score for both derivation (0.736 vs. 0.699) and validation (0.714 vs. 0.688) data sets. Among patients who underwent coronary CTA, newly developed K-score had better pre-test prediction ability of obstructive CAD compared to Duke clinical score in Japanese population.
- Published
- 2015
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144. Loss of function mutations in the rice chromomethylase OsCMT3a cause a burst of transposition.
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Cheng C, Tarutani Y, Miyao A, Ito T, Yamazaki M, Sakai H, Fukai E, and Hirochika H
- Subjects
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases metabolism, DNA Methylation, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gibberellins biosynthesis, Gibberellins genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Oryza growth & development, Plant Proteins metabolism, Retroelements, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases genetics, DNA Transposable Elements, Mutation, Oryza genetics, Plant Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Methylation patterns of plants are unique as, in addition to the methylation at CG dinucleotides that occurs in mammals, methylation also occurs at non-CG sites. Genes are methylated at CG sites, but transposable elements (TEs) are methylated at both CG and non-CG sites. The role of non-CG methylation in transcriptional silencing of TEs is being extensively studied at this time, but only very rare transpositions have been reported when non-CG methylation machineries have been compromised. To understand the role of non-CG methylation in TE suppression and in plant development, we characterized rice mutants with changes in the chromomethylase gene, OsCMT3a. oscmt3a mutants exhibited a dramatic decrease in CHG methylation, changes in the expression of some genes and TEs, and pleiotropic developmental abnormalities. Genome resequencing identified eight TE families mobilized in oscmt3a during normal propagation. These TEs included tissue culture-activated copia retrotransposons Tos17 and Tos19 (Lullaby), a pericentromeric clustered high-copy-number non-autonomous gypsy retrotransposon Dasheng, two copia retrotransposons Osr4 and Osr13, a hAT-tip100 transposon DaiZ, a MITE transposon mPing, and a LINE element LINE1-6_OS. We confirmed the transposition of these TEs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or Southern blot analysis, and showed that transposition was dependent on the oscmt3a mutation. These results demonstrated that OsCMT3a-mediated non-CG DNA methylation plays a critical role in development and in the suppression of a wide spectrum of TEs. These in planta mobile TEs are important for studying the interaction between TEs and the host genome, and for rice functional genomics., (© 2015 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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145. Genome-wide negative feedback drives transgenerational DNA methylation dynamics in Arabidopsis.
- Author
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Ito T, Tarutani Y, To TK, Kassam M, Duvernois-Berthet E, Cortijo S, Takashima K, Saze H, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Colot V, and Kakutani T
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis Proteins biosynthesis, Chromatin genetics, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly genetics, Cytosine, DNA Transposable Elements genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins biosynthesis, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mutation, Transcription Factors biosynthesis, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, DNA Methylation genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Feedback, Physiological, Genome, Plant, Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
Epigenetic variations of phenotypes, especially those associated with DNA methylation, are often inherited over multiple generations in plants. The active and inactive chromatin states are heritable and can be maintained or even be amplified by positive feedback in a transgenerational manner. However, mechanisms controlling the transgenerational DNA methylation dynamics are largely unknown. As an approach to understand the transgenerational dynamics, we examined long-term effect of impaired DNA methylation in Arabidopsis mutants of the chromatin remodeler gene DDM1 (Decrease in DNA Methylation 1) through whole genome DNA methylation sequencing. The ddm1 mutation induces a drastic decrease in DNA methylation of transposable elements (TEs) and repeats in the initial generation, while also inducing ectopic DNA methylation at hundreds of loci. Unexpectedly, this ectopic methylation can only be seen after repeated self-pollination. The ectopic cytosine methylation is found primarily in the non-CG context and starts from 3' regions within transcription units and spreads upstream. Remarkably, when chromosomes with reduced DNA methylation were introduced from a ddm1 mutant into a DDM1 wild-type background, the ddm1-derived chromosomes also induced analogous de novo accumulation of DNA methylation in trans. These results lead us to propose a model to explain the transgenerational DNA methylation redistribution by genome-wide negative feedback. The global negative feedback, together with local positive feedback, would ensure robust and balanced differentiation of chromatin states within the genome.
- Published
- 2015
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146. Long-term clinical outcomes after everolimus- and sirolimus-eluting coronary stent implantation: final 3-year follow-up of the Randomized Evaluation of Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial.
- Author
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Shiomi H, Kozuma K, Morimoto T, Igarashi K, Kadota K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Akasaka T, Abe M, Suwa S, Muramatsu T, Kobayashi M, Dai K, Nakao K, Uematsu M, Tarutani Y, Fujii K, Simonton CA, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Aged, Coronary Restenosis epidemiology, Everolimus, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Thrombosis epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, Coronary Stenosis therapy, Drug-Eluting Stents, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods, Sirolimus analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Background: Long-term clinical outcomes of everolimus-eluting stent (EES) compared with sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) have not been evaluated fully yet, especially whether EES implantation could positively affect late adverse events reported after SES implantation occurring >1 year., Methods and Results: In this all-comer prospective multicenter randomized open-label trial, 3196 patients were assigned randomly to implant either EES (n=1596) or SES (n=1600). At 3 years, EES was noninferior to SES on the primary safety end point (all-cause death or myocardial infarction; 10.1% versus 11.5%; noninferiority P <0.001; and superiority P=0.19). Cumulative incidence of definite stent thrombosis was low and was not significantly different between the 2 groups (0.5% versus 0.6%; P=0.81). There was no significant difference in the efficacy end point of target-lesion revascularization between the EES and SES groups (6.6% versus 7.9%; P=0.16). However, the cumulative incidence of target-lesion failure (cardiac death/target-vessel myocardial infarction/ischemia-driven target-lesion revascularization) was significantly lower in the EES group than in the SES group (8.8% versus 11.4%; P=0.01). By a landmark analysis at 1 year, the cumulative incidence of very late stent thrombosis and late target-lesion revascularization was not significantly different between the 2 groups (0.2% versus 0.2%; P=0.99 and 2.2% versus 2.9%; P=0.21, respectively)., Conclusions: The efficacy and safety outcomes for this trial after EES implantation remained comparable with those after SES implantation through 3-year follow-up. However, improvement of clinical outcome after EES implantation compared with SES implantation was suggested by the significantly lower cumulative incidences of target-lesion failure, which has been the most widely used primary end point in the stent-versus-stent trials., Clinical Trial Registration Url: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01035450., (© 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.)
- Published
- 2014
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147. A pollen coat-inducible autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase expressed in stigmatic papilla cells is required for compatible pollination in the Brassicaceae.
- Author
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Iwano M, Igarashi M, Tarutani Y, Kaothien-Nakayama P, Nakayama H, Moriyama H, Yakabe R, Entani T, Shimosato-Asano H, Ueki M, Tamiya G, and Takayama S
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis cytology, Arabidopsis genetics, Biological Assay, Brassica rapa cytology, Brassica rapa genetics, Calcium metabolism, Calcium-Transporting ATPases antagonists & inhibitors, Crosses, Genetic, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Gene Deletion, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genetic Complementation Test, Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Mutagenesis, Insertional genetics, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Organic Chemicals metabolism, Phenotype, Pollen cytology, Pollen ultrastructure, Protein Transport, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Self-Fertilization, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Transcription, Genetic, Arabidopsis enzymology, Arabidopsis physiology, Brassica rapa enzymology, Brassica rapa physiology, Calcium-Transporting ATPases metabolism, Pollen enzymology, Pollination physiology
- Abstract
In the Brassicaceae, intraspecific non-self pollen (compatible pollen) can germinate and grow into stigmatic papilla cells, while self-pollen or interspecific pollen is rejected at this stage. However, the mechanisms underlying this selective acceptance of compatible pollen remain unclear. Here, using a cell-impermeant calcium indicator, we showed that the compatible pollen coat contains signaling molecules that stimulate Ca(2+) export from the papilla cells. Transcriptome analyses of stigmas suggested that autoinhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase13 (ACA13) was induced after both compatible pollination and compatible pollen coat treatment. A complementation test using a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking major Ca(2+) transport systems suggested that ACA13 indeed functions as an autoinhibited Ca(2+) transporter. ACA13 transcription increased in papilla cells and in transmitting tracts after pollination. ACA13 protein localized to the plasma membrane and to vesicles near the Golgi body and accumulated at the pollen tube penetration site after pollination. The stigma of a T-DNA insertion line of ACA13 exhibited reduced Ca(2+) export, as well as defects in compatible pollen germination and seed production. These findings suggest that stigmatic ACA13 functions in the export of Ca(2+) to the compatible pollen tube, which promotes successful fertilization.
- Published
- 2014
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148. A novel HCN4 mutation, G1097W, is associated with atrioventricular block.
- Author
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Zhou J, Ding WG, Makiyama T, Miyamoto A, Matsumoto Y, Kimura H, Tarutani Y, Zhao J, Wu J, Zang WJ, Matsuura H, and Horie M
- Subjects
- Aged, Amino Acid Substitution, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense, Atrioventricular Block genetics, Atrioventricular Block mortality, Atrioventricular Block pathology, Atrioventricular Block physiopathology, Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels genetics, Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels metabolism, Muscle Proteins genetics, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Potassium Channels genetics, Potassium Channels metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Loss-of-function mutations in the HCN4 gene have been shown to be associated with sinus dysfunction, but there are no reports on HCN4-mediated atrioventricular (AV) block. A novel missense HCN4 mutation G1097W was identified in a 69 year-old Japanese male with AV block, and we characterized the functional consequences of If-like channels reconstituted with the heterozygous HCN4 mutation., Methods and Results: Wild-type (WT) HCN4 or/and HCN4-G1097W were expressed in a heterologous cell expression system. A functional assay using a whole-cell patch-clamp demonstrated that the mutant If-like currents were activated at more negative voltages compared to WT currents, while they retained the sensitivity to changes in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Co-expression of G1097W with WT channels showed dominant-negative effects, including a reduction in peak currents and a negative voltage shifting on reconstituted currents., Conclusions: The HCN4-G1097W mutant channels displayed a loss-of-function type modulation on cardiac If channels and thus could predispose them to AV nodal dysfunction. These data provide a novel insight into the genetic basis for the AV block.
- Published
- 2014
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149. Mobilization of a plant transposon by expression of the transposon-encoded anti-silencing factor.
- Author
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Fu Y, Kawabe A, Etcheverry M, Ito T, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Colot V, Tarutani Y, and Kakutani T
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, DNA Methylation, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Silencing, Genome, Plant, Plants, Genetically Modified, Terminal Repeat Sequences, Trans-Activators genetics, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, DNA Transposable Elements, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Trans-Activators metabolism
- Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) have a major impact on genome evolution, but they are potentially deleterious, and most of them are silenced by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. Here, we report the characterization of a TE encoding an activity to counteract epigenetic silencing by the host. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified a mobile copy of the Mutator-like element (MULE) with degenerated terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). This TE, named Hiun (Hi), is silent in wild-type plants, but it transposes when DNA methylation is abolished. When a Hi transgene was introduced into the wild-type background, it induced excision of the endogenous Hi copy, suggesting that Hi is the autonomously mobile copy. In addition, the transgene induced loss of DNA methylation and transcriptional activation of the endogenous Hi. Most importantly, the trans-activation of Hi depends on a Hi-encoded protein different from the conserved transposase. Proteins related to this anti-silencing factor, which we named VANC, are widespread in the non-TIR MULEs and may have contributed to the recent success of these TEs in natural Arabidopsis populations.
- Published
- 2013
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150. Biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent: a randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial.
- Author
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Natsuaki M, Kozuma K, Morimoto T, Kadota K, Muramatsu T, Nakagawa Y, Akasaka T, Igarashi K, Tanabe K, Morino Y, Ishikawa T, Nishikawa H, Awata M, Abe M, Okada H, Takatsu Y, Ogata N, Kimura K, Urasawa K, Tarutani Y, Shiode N, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease epidemiology, Everolimus, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Radiography, Single-Blind Method, Sirolimus administration & dosage, Treatment Outcome, Absorbable Implants standards, Coronary Artery Disease surgery, Drug-Eluting Stents standards, Polymers administration & dosage, Sirolimus analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Objectives: NEXT (NOBORI Biolimus-Eluting Versus XIENCE/PROMUS Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial) was designed for evaluating the noninferiority of a biolimus-eluting stent (BES) relative to an everolimus-eluting stent (EES) in terms of target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1 year., Background: Efficacy and safety data comparing biodegradable polymer BES with durable polymer cobalt-chromium EES are currently limited., Methods: The NEXT trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial comparing BES with EES. Between May and October 2011, 3,235 patients were randomly assigned to receive either BES (n = 1,617) or EES (n = 1,618)., Results: At 1 year, the primary efficacy endpoint of TLR occurred in 67 patients (4.2%) in the BES group, and in 66 patients (4.2%) in the EES group, demonstrating noninferiority of BES relative to EES (p for noninferiority <0.0001, and p for superiority = 0.93). Cumulative incidence of definite stent thrombosis was low and similar between the 2 groups (0.25% vs. 0.06%, p = 0.18). An angiographic substudy enrolling 528 patients (BES: n = 263, and EES: n = 265) demonstrated noninferiority of BES relative to EES regarding the primary angiographic endpoint of in-segment late loss (0.03 ± 0.39 mm vs. 0.06 ± 0.45 mm, p for noninferiority <0.0001, and p for superiority = 0.52) at 266 ± 43 days after stent implantation., Conclusions: One-year clinical and angiographic outcome after BES implantation was noninferior to and not different from that after EES implantation in a mostly stable coronary artery disease population. One-year clinical outcome after both BES and EES use was excellent, with a low rate of TLR and extremely low rate of stent thrombosis., (Copyright © 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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