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Background: Whether the relationship of intracerebral bleeding risk with lipid profile may vary by sex remains unclear. This study aims to investigate potential sex differences in the association between lipid profile and the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who received intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA). Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study analyzed patients with AIS treated with intravenous r-tPA. sICH was defined as a worsening of 4 or higher points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 36 hours after intravenous thrombolysis in any hemorrhage subtype. We assessed the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of lipid profile for sICH for each sex using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: Of 957 participants (median age 68 (interquartile range, 59–75), men 628 (65.6%)), 56 sICH events (36 (5.7%) in men and 20 (6.1%) in women) were observed. The risk of sICH in men decreased with increasing serum levels of triglyceride after adjustment for confounding factors (vs lowest tertile, medium tertile OR 0.39, 95% CI [0.17–0.91], top tertile OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.13–0.84], overall p = 0.021; per point increase, adjusted OR 0.29, 95% CI [0.13–0.63], p = 0.002). Neither serum levels of total cholesterol nor low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was associated with sICH in men. In women, there was no association between any of the lipid levels and the risk of sICH. Conclusions: This study indicated that the association between serum levels of triglyceride and sICH may vary by sex. In men, increased triglyceride levels decrease the risk of sICH; in women, this association was lost. Further studies on the biological mechanisms for sex differences in stroke risk associated with triglyceride are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the recognized involvement of the gut microbiome in the development of obesity, considerable efforts are being made to discover probiotics capable of preventing and managing obesity. In this study, we report the discovery of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GBCC_F0227, isolated from fermented food, which exhibited superior triglyceride catabolism efficacy compared to L. plantarum WCSF1. Molecular analysis showed elevated expression levels of α/β hydrolases with lipase activity (abH04, abH08_1, abH08_2, abH11_1, and abH11_2) in L. plantarum GBCC_F0227 compared to L. plantarum WCFS1, demonstrating its enhanced lipolytic activity. In a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity model, the administration of L. plantarum GBCC_F0227 mitigated weight gain, reduced blood triglycerides, and diminished fat mass. Furthermore, L. plantarum GBCC_F0227 upregulated adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue, indicative of favorable metabolic modulation, and showed robust growth and low cytotoxicity, underscoring its industrial viability. Therefore, our findings encourage the further investigation of L. plantarum GBCC_F0227's therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to construct a nomogram to identify patients at high risk of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs). This identification will facilitate early diagnosis and treatment and ultimately reduce the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer.MethodsIn this single-center retrospective cohort study, 563 participants were divided into a gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) group (n=322) and a non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) group (n=241) based on gastroscopy and pathology results. Laboratory data and demographic data were collected. A derivation cohort (n=395) was used to identify the factors associated with GPLs to develop a predictive model. Then, internal validation was performed (n=168). We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to determine the discriminative ability of the predictive model; we constructed a calibration plot to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive model; and we performed decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess the clinical practicability predictive model.ResultsFour –predictors (i.e., age, body mass index, smoking status, and –triglycerides) were included in the predictive model. The AUC values of this predictive model were 0.715 (95% CI: 0.665-0.765) and 0.717 (95% CI: 0.640-0.795) in the derivation and internal validation cohorts, respectively. These values indicated that the predictive model had good discrimination ability. The calibration plots and DCA suggested that the predictive model had good accuracy and clinical net benefit. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test results in the derivation and validation cohorts for this predictive model were 0.774 and 0.468, respectively.ConclusionThe nomogram constructed herein demonstrated good performance in terms of predicting the risk of GPLs. This nomogram can be beneficial for the early detection of patients at high risk of GPLs, thus facilitating early treatment and ultimately reducing the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer.

IntroductionFamilial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a severe type of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Despite its rarity, we have encountered more than 100 patients with FCS at our center. Therefore, we aimed to provide a useful resource for clinicians who may encounter such patients and help the scientific community accumulate knowledge to manage this disease.MethodsThis retrospective study described the clinical characteristics and management of FCS patients at (King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia).ResultsIn total, 29 pediatric patients were included, with a median age of 2.2 months [IQR: 1.3, 12]. Males predominated (62.0%). Key symptoms included a milky blood sample (72.4%), a family history of HTG (65.5%), hepatosplenomegaly (44.8%), acute pancreatitis (31.0%), and eruptive xanthoma (13.8%). Gemfibrozil (22 patients) reduced TG from 47.6 ± 55.7 to 9.4 ± 7.5 mmol/L (mean reduction 38.2 ± 54.5 mmol/L, P

Circulating triglyceride (TG) and leukocytes, the main components of the vascular system, may impact each other and co-fuel atherosclerosis. While the causal relationship between plasma TG levels and leukocyte counts remains unclear. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the potential causal relationship between TG levels and the counts of leukocytes and their subtypes. A cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) using longitudinal healthy screening data (13,389 adults with a follow-up of 4 years) was fitted to examine the temporal relationship between them. Genetically predicted plasma TG levels were positively associated with total leukocyte counts (TLC) [β(se) = 0.195(0.01)], lymphocyte counts (LC) [β(se) = 0.196(0.019)], and neutrophil counts (NC) [β(se) = 0.086(0.01)], which remained significant after adjusting for several confounders. Inversely, the genetically predicted TLC [β(se) = 0.033(0.008)], LC [β(se) = 0.053(0.008)], and NC [β(se) = 0.034(0.008)] were positively associated with plasma TG levels. However, when all three of them were put into the MR model adjusted for each other, only LC was significantly associated with TG levels. There was no association between genetically predicted TG levels and monocyte counts (MC), basophil counts, and eosinophil counts. The results of CLPM showed that the temporal effect of elevated TLC, MC, LC, and NC on plasma TG levels was stronger than the inverse effect. Our findings suggest causal associations of plasma TG levels with TLC, LC, and NC. In turn, LC was positively associated with plasma TG levels. Additionally, elevated circulating LC may precede high plasma TG levels.

IntroductionDiabesity, characterized by obesity-driven Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), arises from intricate genetic and environmental interplays that induce various metabolic disorders. The systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis is controlled by an intricate cross-talk of internal glucose/insulin and fatty acid molecules to maintain a steady state of internal environment.MethodsIn this study, Caenorhabditis elegans were maintained to achieve glucose concentrations resembling the hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients to delve into the mechanistic foundations of diabesity. Various assays were conducted to measure intracellular triglyceride levels, lifespan, pharyngeal pumping rate, oxidative stress indicators, locomotor behavior, and dopamine signaling. Proteomic analysis was also performed to identify differentially regulated proteins and dysregulated KEGG pathways, and microscopy and immunofluorescence staining were employed to assess collagen production and anatomical integrity.ResultsWorms raised on diets high in glucose and cholesterol exhibited notably increased intracellular triglyceride levels, a decrease in both mean and maximum lifespan, and reduced pharyngeal pumping. The diabesity condition induced oxidative stress, evident from heightened ROS levels and distinct FT-IR spectroscopy patterns revealing lipid and protein alterations. Furthermore, impaired dopamine signaling and diminished locomotors behavior in diabesity-afflicted worms correlated with reduced motility. Through proteomic analysis, differentially regulated proteins encompassing dysregulated KEGG pathways included insulin signaling, Alzheimer’s disease, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathways were observed. Moreover, diabesity led to decreased collagen production, resulting in anatomical disruptions validated through microscopy and immunofluorescence staining.DiscussionThis underscores the impact of diabesity on cellular components and structural integrity in C. elegans, providing insights into diabesity-associated mechanisms.

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Abstract Background Little is known about the relationship of physical activity (PA) and fitness with cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, we examined the associations of PA and fitness with selected cardiometabolic indicators along with potential gender-based differences in a birth cohort of rural adolescents from southeast Bangladesh. Methods We utilized data from the 15-year follow-up of Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) cohort (n = 2253). Wrist-worn ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometers were used to estimate sedentary time (ST) and PA. Fitness was assessed using: handgrip strength, standing long jump, and Chester Step Test. Anthropometric parameters, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and fasting lipid, insulin and glucose levels were measured. We calculated insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model Assessment equation (HOMA-IR). Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were fitted. Results The adolescents spent 64 min/day (inter-quartile range: 50–81) in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A 10-minute-per-day higher vigorous PA (VPA) was associated with: 4.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–6.8%) lower waist circumference (WC), 3.2 mmHg (95% CI: 1.5–4.8) lower SBP, 10.4% (95% CI: 2.9–17.3%) lower TG, and 24.4% (95% CI: 11.3–34.9%) lower HOMA-IR. MVPA showed similar associations of notably smaller magnitude. Except for WC, the associations were more pronounced among the boys. Substituting ST with VPA of equal duration was associated with lower WC, SBP, triglyceride and HOMA-IR. Grip strength was favorably associated with all indicators, displaying considerably large effect sizes. Conclusion Our findings indicated beneficial roles of PA– particularly VPA– and muscular fitness in shaping cardiometabolic profile in mid-adolescence. VPA and grip strength may represent potential targets for preventive strategies tailored to adolescents in resource-limited settings.

Abstract Background Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are established risk factors for hypertension, with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) serving as a recognized surrogate marker for IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension in the general population. Methods A total of 60,283 adults aged ≥18 years who underwent face-to-face questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory examination were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to determine the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis. Results After fully adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate logistic regression model showed a stable positive association between TyG-BMI and hypertension (OR: 1.61 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.55–1.67; P-trend

Abstract Background Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-related glomerular disease and has been associated with type III hyperlipidemia. Without appropriate treatment, chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by LPG progresses, and approximately half of the patients develop end-stage kidney disease within 1–27 years of disease onset. However, few studies have highlighted the clinical course of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with LPG. Herein, we report the first case of LPG in which the CVD risk was assessed using arterial stiffness. Case presentation A 32-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital due to persistent proteinuria. Kidney biopsy showed markedly dilated capillary lumens containing pale-stained thrombi, which stained positively with Oil Red O. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of thrombi in the capillary lumen with low electron density and vacuoles of various sizes in part of the thrombi. Toluidine blue and Sudan IV stains were used to stain the thin sections of Epon-embedded tissue samples for electron microscopy. Sudan IV-positive droplets were observed in the capillary lumens, vascular walls, and cytoplasm of tubular cells. Increased serum ApoE concentration was observed. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of laser-microdissected glomeruli from paraffin sections revealed an increase in ApoE. Direct deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of ApoE revealed a heterozygous ApoE Sendai mutation (Arg145Pro). The patient was finally diagnosed with LPG with heterozygosity for ApoE-Sendai mutation (Arg145Pro). Notably, at the time of diagnosis, he had markedly increased arterial stiffness for his age. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which was equivalent to that of a 56-year-old man. After three months of treatment with fenofibrate and losartan, a significant reduction in proteinuria was achieved along with an improvement in baPWV. Furthermore, these effects were maintained despite the lack of decrease in serum ApoE levels. Conclusion Herein, we report the case of a patient with LPG with markedly increased arterial stiffness at the time of diagnosis, in whom combination therapy with fenofibrate and losartan successfully improved proteinuria and arterial stiffness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of LPG in which CVD risk was assessed using arterial stiffness.

Abstract Background Corticosteroids are among the most commonly used drugs in cats and are increasingly discussed as a treatment for feline pancreatitis. However, its effects on serum lipase in healthy cats remain unknown. Objectives To evaluate the effects of prednisolone on serum lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) in cats. Animals Seven clinically healthy colony cats, aged 4 to 7 years, with unremarkable CBC/biochemistry panel were studied. Methods Prospective study: Prednisolone (1.1‐1.5 mg/kg, median 1.28 mg/kg PO) was given daily for 7 consecutive days. Lipase activity (LIPC Roche; RI, 8‐26 U/L) and PLI (Spec fPL; RI, 0‐3.5 μg/L) were determined at day 1 before first treatment and at days 2, 3, 8, 10, and 14. Cats were examined daily. An a priori power analysis indicated that 6 cats were needed to find a biological relevant effect at 1‐β = 0.8. Statistical analyses comprised the Friedman test, random intercept regression, and repeated‐measures linear regression. Results Median (range) day 1 lipase activities and PLI were 22 U/L (14‐52 U/L) and 3.2 μg/L (2.3‐15.7 μg/L). One cat with abnormally high lipase activity (52 U/L) and PLI (15.7 μg/L) at day 1 continued having elevated lipase activities and PLI throughout the study. Lipase activities and PLI concentrations did not differ significantly among time points regardless of whether the cat with elevated values was included or not. All cats remained healthy throughout the study. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Administration of prednisolone in anti‐inflammatory doses does not significantly increase serum lipase activity and PLI concentration.

Abstract Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is induced by atherosclerosis, which is initiated by subendothelial retention of lipoproteins. Plasma lipoproteins, including high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein, and chylomicron, are composed of a surface monolayer containing phospholipids and cholesterol and a hydrophobic core containing triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Phospholipids play a crucial role in the binding of apolipoproteins and enzymes to lipoprotein surfaces, thereby regulating lipoprotein metabolism. High LDL-cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease, and statins reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by lowering LDL-cholesterol levels. In contrast, the relationships of phospholipids in plasma lipoproteins with coronary heart disease have not yet been established. To further clarify the physiological and pathological roles of phospholipids, we have developed the simple high-throughput assays for quantifying all major phospholipid classes, namely phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol + cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin, using combinations of specific enzymes and a fluorogenic probe. These enzymatic fluorometric assays will be helpful in elucidating the associations between phospholipid classes in plasma lipoproteins and coronary heart disease and in identifying phospholipid biomarkers. This review describes recent progress in the identification of phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease.

Aims: This study was designed to develop a model for predicting bone mineral density (BMD) loss of the femur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using artificial intelligence (AI), and to identify factors that influence the prediction. Additionally, we virtually examined the efficacy of administration of bisphosphonate for cases with severe BMD loss based on the predictive model. Methods: The study included 538 joints that underwent primary THA. The patients were divided into groups using unsupervised time series clustering for five-year BMD loss of Gruen zone 7 postoperatively, and a machine-learning model to predict the BMD loss was developed. Additionally, the predictor for BMD loss was extracted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The patient-specific efficacy of bisphosphonate, which is the most important categorical predictor for BMD loss, was examined by calculating the change in predictive probability when hypothetically switching between the inclusion and exclusion of bisphosphonate. Results: Time series clustering allowed us to divide the patients into two groups, and the predictive factors were identified including patient- and operation-related factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the BMD loss prediction averaged 0.734. Virtual administration of bisphosphonate showed on average 14% efficacy in preventing BMD loss of zone 7. Additionally, stem types and preoperative triglyceride (TG), creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and creatine kinase (CK) showed significant association with the estimated patient-specific efficacy of bisphosphonate. Conclusion: Periprosthetic BMD loss after THA is predictable based on patient- and operation-related factors, and optimal prescription of bisphosphonate based on the prediction may prevent BMD loss. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(4):184–192.

Ji-Eun Oh,1 Sung Ryul Yu,2 Jung-Yoon Yoo,3,&ast; Kyung-A Shin4,&ast; 1Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University, Eumseong, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University, Dangjin, Republic of Korea&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kyung-A Shin, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University, Daehak-ro 1, Jeongmi-myeon, Dangjin, Chungnam, 31801, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-41-350-1408, Fax +82-41-350-1045, Email mobitz2@hanmail.net Jung-Yoon Yoo, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26493, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-33-760-2861, Fax +82-33-760-2561, Email jy_yoo@yonsei.ac.krPurpose: Visceral fat accumulation can negatively affect uric acid metabolism in healthy adults. The hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype is a predictor of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between the HTGW phenotype and asymptomatic hyperuricemia in Korean adults.Patients and Methods: The study included 23,240 adults, aged 20– 80 years who underwent comprehensive health examinations at a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province, Korea, from January 2020 to December 2022. The HTGW phenotype was defined as the simultaneous presence of elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels and increased waist circumference (WC). The diagnostic capability of the HTGW phenotype for hyperuricemia and its association with the condition were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the HTGW phenotype was 3.44 times higher than that in the normal TG normal waist (NTNW) phenotype. Compared with those in the NTNW group, the hazard ratios for developing hyperuricemia in the HTGW group were 2.887 (2.566– 3.249, P < 0.001) for men and 7.341 (5.139– 10.487, P < 0.001) for women, and these values remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The stratified analysis revealed that the HTGW phenotype, coupled with diabetes, had the highest probability of developing asymptomatic hyperuricemia (2.55 times). ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve values of the WC&ast;TG index for hyperuricemia diagnosis were 0.702, 0.627, and 0.685 for all participants, men, and women, respectively.Conclusion: Among Korean adults, the HTGW phenotype was closely related to hyperuricemia in both men and women and showed a particularly strong association in patients with diabetes. It may be used in combination with an indicator that can complement its accuracy for identifying individuals at high risk of hyperuricemia.Keywords: triglyceride, abdominal obesity, uric acid, metabolic syndrome

Abstract Background This multicenter observational study aimed to determine whether dyslipidemia or obesity contributes more significantly to unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients experiencing a first-ever ischemic stroke (IS). Methods The study employed a machine learning predictive model to investigate associations among body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) with adverse outcomes in IS patients. Extensive real-world clinical data was utilized, and risk factors significantly linked to adverse outcomes were identified through multivariate analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), and regression discontinuity design (RDD) techniques. Furthermore, these findings were validated via a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study. Results In the derived cohort, a total of 45,162 patients diagnosed with IS were assessed, with 522 experiencing adverse outcomes. A multifactorial analysis incorporating PSM and RDD methods identified TG (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.110; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.041–1.183; P

Abstract Background The incidence of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) has been increasing annually. However, population-based morbidity assessments need to be updated. Early, rapid, and effective lipid-lowering may minimize pancreatic injury and improve clinical prognosis. It is essential to choose the proper treatment. However, treatment options for HLAP are controversial, and there is no uniform treatment protocol. Methods In this retrospective study, 127 patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis (HL-SAP) were registered from January 2018 to December 2022 at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Medical and radiological records of hospitalized patients were collected to determine clinical features, severity, complications, mortality, recurrence rate, and treatment. Risk factors for HL-SAP were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression. A propensity score matching method was used to compare the clinical outcomes of standard and plasma exchange therapies. Results In this research, the prevalence of HLAP increased about 1.6 times, and the prevalence of HL-SAP was 50.60%. HL-SAP occurs most often in people between the ages of 30 and 39. Amylase exceeded 110 U/L in 84.3% of patients and 330 U/L in only 47.2%. 83.5% of HL-SAP patients had fatty livers and high body mass index (BMI). A total of 48.0% of patients experienced organ failure, ICU treatment (55.1%), recurrence (33.1%), and death (21.3%). Between the hyperlipidemic group and the biliary group in terms of age, gender, BMI, fatty liver, pleural effusion, abdominal constriction syndrome (ACS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), length of hospital, medical costs, morbidity and mortality, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, blood glucose, D-dimer, amylase, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, oxygenation index, and recurrence rate were statistically significant (P

Abstract Background and objectives Hypertriglyceridemia (HT) may increase the risk of stroke. Limited studies have shown that stroke severity and infarction size are smaller in patients with HT. We explored the relationship between triglyceride levels and stroke risk factors, severity and outcome in a large prospective database. Design Prospective Cross-sectional study. Setting We retrospectively interrogated the Qatar Stroke Database in all patients admitted between 2014-2022 with acute ischemic stroke and evaluated the relationship between triglyceride, diabetes, stroke severity (measured on NIHSS), stroke type (TOAST classification) and the short- (mRS at 90 days) and long-term outcomes (MACE at 1 year) in patients with HT. Participants Six thousand five hundred fifty-eight patients ≥20 years were included in this study Results Six thousand five hundred fifty-eight patients with ischemic stroke [mean age 54.6 ± 12. 9; male 82.1%) were included. Triglyceride levels upon admission were low-normal (≤1.1 mmol/L) in 2019 patients, high-normal (1.2-1.7 mmol/L) in 2142 patients, borderline-high (1.8-2.2 mmol/L) in 1072 patients and high (≥2.3 mmol/L) in 1325 patients. Higher triglyceride levels were associated with stroke and increased likelihood of having diabetes, obesity, active smoking, and small vessel/lacunar stroke type. An inverse relationship was noted whereby higher triglyceride levels were associated with lower stroke severity and reduced likelihood of poorer outcome (mRS 3-6) at discharge and 90 days. Long-term MACE events were less frequent in patients with higher triglyceride levels. After adjusting age, gender, diabetes, prior stroke, CAD, and obesity, multivariate analysis showed that hypertension and triglyceride levels were higher in mild ischemic strokes patients. Conclusions Increasing triglycerides are associated with higher risk of small vessel disease and requires further prospective cohort studies for confirmation.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health issue consisting of multiple metabolic abnormalities. The impact of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on MetS and its components remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the associations of individual urinary metabolites of VOC (mVOCs) and mVOC mixtures with MetS and its components among the general adult population in the United States. Methods A total of 5345 participants with eligible data were filtered from the 2011–2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations of individual mVOCs with MetS and its components. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models were constructed to identify more relevant mVOCs. The weight quantile sum regression model was applied to further explore the links between mVOC co-exposure and MetS and its components. Results The results indicated positive associations between multiple mVOCs and MetS, including CEMA, DHBMA, and HMPMA. CEMA was found to be positively correlated with all components of MetS. HMPMA was associated with elevated triglyceride (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) impairment; 3HPMA was associated with an elevated risk of high TG and FBG impairment; and DHBMA had positive associations with elevated TG and high blood pressure. The co-exposure of LASSO-selected mVOCs was associated with an increased risk of elevated TG, high blood pressure, and FBG impairment. Conclusion Positive associations of certain individual urinary mVOCs and mVOC mixtures with MetS and its components were observed by utilizing multiple statistical models and large-scale national data. These findings may serve as the theoretical basis for future experimental and mechanistic studies and have important implications for public health.

The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the results from current literature examining the effects of prior exercise on the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to evaluate current literature and provide future direction. A quantitative review was performed using meta-analytic methods to quantify individual effect sizes. A moderator analysis was performed to investigate potential variables that could influence the effect of prior exercise on postprandial TG response. Two hundred and seventy-nine effects were retrieved from 165 studies for the total TG response and 142 effects from 87 studies for the incremental area under the curve TG response. There was a moderate effect of exercise on the total TG response (Cohen's d = −0.47; p <.0001). Moderator analysis revealed exercise energy expenditure significantly moderated the effect of prior exercise on the total TG response (p <.0001). Exercise modality (e.g., cardiovascular, resistance, combination of both cardiovascular and resistance, or standing), cardiovascular exercise type (e.g., continuous, interval, concurrent, or combined), and timing of exercise prior to meal administration significantly affected the total TG response (p <.001). Additionally, exercise had a moderate effect on the incremental area under the curve TG response (Cohen's d = −0.40; p <.0001). The current analysis reveals a more homogeneous data set than previously reported. The attenuation of postprandial TG appears largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure (∼2 MJ) and the timing of exercise. The effect of prior exercise on the postprandial TG response appears to be transient; therefore, exercise should be frequent to elicit an adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackground Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia have emerged as global health concerns of paramount significance. With the burgeoning popularity of mind-body therapy, cardiovascular patients have increasingly exhibited a vested interest in the practice of Tai Chi. The objective of this study seeks to quantitatively assess the impact of Tai Chi interventions on blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose concentrations among the elderly population, thereby explaining the optimal intervention protocol.Methods An extensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, RISS, KISS, and DBPIA, comprising English, Korean, and Chinese literature. The search strategy employed a retrieval method of subject term 1 + subject term 2, which included both full names and abbreviations of the terms. Specifically, “taijiquan” or “Tai Chi” were set as the Term 1, while Term 2 was set as “blood pressure,” “BP,” “Fasting blood glucose,” “FBG,” “Triglyceride,” and “TG.” Thereafter, the retrieved articles were filtered in accordance with the PICOS method. Risk of bias assessment was performed using RoB 2.0, while data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.7.Results A total of 57 studies, including 3,856 research subjects, were eligible for inclusion. The findings of the primary effect quantitative synthesis demonstrated that Tai Chi exerted an improvement on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ES = −0.764, p

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are established risk factors for hypertension, with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) serving as a recognized surrogate marker for IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension in the general population. Methods: A total of 60,283 adults aged ≥18 years who underwent face-to-face questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory examination were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to determine the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis. Results: After fully adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate logistic regression model showed a stable positive association between TyG-BMI and hypertension (OR: 1.61 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.55–1.67; P-trend < 0.001). The multivariate adjusted OR and 95% CI for the highest TyG-BMI quartile compared with the lowest quartile were 2.52 (95% CI 2.28–2.78). Dose-response analysis using restricted cubic spline confirmed that the association between TyG-BMI index and hypertension was linear. Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between TyG-BMI index and hypertension were detected in young and middle-aged individuals (P for interaction < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG-BMI index could better predict the risk of hypertension than other parameters (TyG-BMI cut-off value: 207.105, AUC: 0.719, sensitivity 65.5%, specificity 66.8%), particularly among young and middle-aged people. Conclusion: The TyG-BMI index was independently associated with hypertension in the study population. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-related glomerular disease and has been associated with type III hyperlipidemia. Without appropriate treatment, chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by LPG progresses, and approximately half of the patients develop end-stage kidney disease within 1–27 years of disease onset. However, few studies have highlighted the clinical course of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with LPG. Herein, we report the first case of LPG in which the CVD risk was assessed using arterial stiffness. Case presentation: A 32-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital due to persistent proteinuria. Kidney biopsy showed markedly dilated capillary lumens containing pale-stained thrombi, which stained positively with Oil Red O. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of thrombi in the capillary lumen with low electron density and vacuoles of various sizes in part of the thrombi. Toluidine blue and Sudan IV stains were used to stain the thin sections of Epon-embedded tissue samples for electron microscopy. Sudan IV-positive droplets were observed in the capillary lumens, vascular walls, and cytoplasm of tubular cells. Increased serum ApoE concentration was observed. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of laser-microdissected glomeruli from paraffin sections revealed an increase in ApoE. Direct deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of ApoE revealed a heterozygous ApoE Sendai mutation (Arg145Pro). The patient was finally diagnosed with LPG with heterozygosity for ApoE-Sendai mutation (Arg145Pro). Notably, at the time of diagnosis, he had markedly increased arterial stiffness for his age. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which was equivalent to that of a 56-year-old man. After three months of treatment with fenofibrate and losartan, a significant reduction in proteinuria was achieved along with an improvement in baPWV. Furthermore, these effects were maintained despite the lack of decrease in serum ApoE levels. Conclusion: Herein, we report the case of a patient with LPG with markedly increased arterial stiffness at the time of diagnosis, in whom combination therapy with fenofibrate and losartan successfully improved proteinuria and arterial stiffness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of LPG in which CVD risk was assessed using arterial stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distinct pools of lipid droplets (LDs) exist in individual cells and are demarcated both by their unique proteomes and lipid compositions. Focusing on yeast‐based work, we briefly review the state of understanding of LD subsets, and how specific proteins can dictate their identities and fates through lipophagy and lipolysis‐mediated turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles essential for cellular lipid homeostasis. Assembly of LDs occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the conserved ER membrane protein seipin emerged as a key player in this process. Here, we review recent advances provided by structural, biochemical, and in silico analysis that revealed mechanistic insights into the molecular role of the seipin complexes and led to an updated model for LD biogenesis. We further discuss how other ER components cooperate with seipin during LD biogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying seipin‐mediated LD assembly is important to uncover the fundamental aspects of lipid homeostasis and organelle biogenesis and to provide hints on the pathogenesis of lipid storage disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triglycerides constitute an inert storage form for fatty acids deposited in lipid droplets and are mobilized to provide metabolic energy or membrane building blocks. The biosynthesis of triglycerides is highly conserved within eukaryotes and normally involves the sequential esterification of activated fatty acids with a glycerol backbone. Some eukaryotes, however, can also use cellular membrane lipids as direct fatty acid donors for triglyceride synthesis. The biological significance of a pathway that generates triglycerides at the expense of organelle membranes has remained elusive. Here we review current knowledge on how cells use membrane lipids as fatty acid donors for triglyceride synthesis and discuss the hypothesis that a primary function of this pathway is to regulate membrane lipid remodeling and organelle function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is induced by atherosclerosis, which is initiated by subendothelial retention of lipoproteins. Plasma lipoproteins, including high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein, and chylomicron, are composed of a surface monolayer containing phospholipids and cholesterol and a hydrophobic core containing triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Phospholipids play a crucial role in the binding of apolipoproteins and enzymes to lipoprotein surfaces, thereby regulating lipoprotein metabolism. High LDL-cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease, and statins reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by lowering LDL-cholesterol levels. In contrast, the relationships of phospholipids in plasma lipoproteins with coronary heart disease have not yet been established. To further clarify the physiological and pathological roles of phospholipids, we have developed the simple high-throughput assays for quantifying all major phospholipid classes, namely phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol + cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin, using combinations of specific enzymes and a fluorogenic probe. These enzymatic fluorometric assays will be helpful in elucidating the associations between phospholipid classes in plasma lipoproteins and coronary heart disease and in identifying phospholipid biomarkers. This review describes recent progress in the identification of phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to establish an effective prognostic model based on triglyceride and inflammatory markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Additionally, we aimed to explore the interaction and mediation between these biomarkers in their association with OS. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 259 NPC patients who had blood lipid markers, including triglyceride and total cholesterol, as well as parameters of peripheral blood cells measured before treatment. These patients were followed up for over 5 years, and randomly divided into a training set (n=155) and a validation set (n=104). The triglyceride-inflammation (TI) score was developed using the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm. Subsequently, a nomogram was created. The performance of the prognostic model was measured by the concordance index (C-index), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The interaction and mediation between the biomarkers were further analyzed. Bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO dataset was used to investigate the association between triglyceride metabolism and immune cell infiltration. Results: The C-index of the TI score was 0.806 in the training set, 0.759 in the validation set, and 0.808 in the entire set. The area under the curve of timedependent ROC of TI score in predicting survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.741, 0.847, and 0.871 respectively in the training set, and 0.811, 0.837, and 0.758 in the validation set, then 0.771, 0.848, and 0.862 in the entire set, suggesting that TI score had excellent performance in predicting OS in NPC patients. Patients with stage T1-T2 or M0 had significantly lower TI scores, NLR, and PLR, and higher LMR compared to those with stage T3-T3 or M1, respectively. The nomogram, which integrated age, sex, clinical stage, and TI score, demonstrated good clinical usefulness and predictive ability, as evaluated by the DCA. Significant interactions were found between triglyceride and NLR and platelet, but triglyceride did not exhibit any medicating effects in the inflammatory markers. Additionally, NPC tissues with active triglyceride synthesis exhibited high immune cell infiltration. Conclusion: The TI score based on RSF represents a potential prognostic factor for NPC patients, offering convenience and economic advantages. The interaction between triglyceride and NLR may be attributed to the effect of triglyceride metabolism on immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is considered an alternative marker for insulin resistance. This longitudinal retrospective study investigated the relationship between TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of progression to prediabetes. Methods: We investigated 24,604 Japanese participants (14,609 men and 9,995 women) who underwent annual medical health checkups in 2017 (baseline) and 2022. All participants had no diabetes and prediabetes at baseline. No lipid-lowering medications were taken during the follow-up period. Participants were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of TG/HDL-C ratio at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine hazard ratios (HRs) of progression to prediabetes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal cutoff value of TG/HDL-C ratio for prediction of prediabetes. Results: Compared with the lowest TG/HDL-C ratio quartile (Q1) group, the adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals (CI)) of progression to prediabetes in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively, were 1.17 (0.92–1.47), 1.26 (1.01–1.56), and 1.77 (1.41–2.23) for men and 1.07 (0.60–1.11), 1.19 (1.08–1.29), and 1.58 (1.18–2.31) for women. For every 1 unit increase in TG/HDL-C ratio, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) for progression to prediabetes was 1.09 (1.04–1.13) in men and 1.10 (1.04–1.15) in women. The optimal TG/HDL-C ratio cutoffs were 1.71 and 0.97 in men and women, respectively, but the area under the curve was > 0.70 in both sexes. Conclusion: High TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor for progression to prediabetes in Japanese men and women, but it had low discriminative ability in predicting prediabetes risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in lipid levels between prediabetic individuals with one-hour post-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) plasma glucose (PG) values > 155 mg/dl and those with one-hour PG values < 155 mg/dl. Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was initiated on August 2020 and concluded on June 2021, and conducted with 229 prediabetic patients who presented to the Diabetes Clinic of the Research Hospital. A correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between OGTT values and serum lipid levels. Additionally, the patients were divided into two groups based on the one-hour post-OGTT PG value of 155 mg/dl, and the presence of any difference in serum lipid levels between the two groups was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. The SPSS 20 software was used for statistical analysis, and a statistical significance level of P < 0.05 was considered. Results: Out of the 229 prediabetic patients included in the study, 172 were female. The number of patients with one-hour post-OGTT PG < 155 mg/dl was 86, while those with values > 155 mg/dl were 143. A statistically significant difference was found between the group with one-hour post-OGTT PG > 155 mg/dl and the group with < 155 mg/dl in terms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between one-hour PG and HDL-C. Conclusion: The evaluation of HDL-C and TG levels is important in prediabetic patients with a one-hour OGTT PG level greater than 155 mg/dL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of prepartum supplementation with inorganic selenium (INORG), organic selenium (ORG) or a rumen‐protected choline, on the triglyceride (TAG) and total fatty acid (TFA) profiles of bovine colostrum and transition milk. Fifty‐seven Holstein Friesian (HF) and HF × Jersey cows were supplemented daily from 49 ± 12.9 days prior to calving until day of calving. Milk samples were analysed for TAG and TFA composition using GC‐FID. Prepartum supplementation did not have a significant effect on the milk lipid profiles. This study quantified colostrum lipids not previously reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Corticosteroids are among the most commonly used drugs in cats and are increasingly discussed as a treatment for feline pancreatitis. However, its effects on serum lipase in healthy cats remain unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of prednisolone on serum lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) in cats. Animals: Seven clinically healthy colony cats, aged 4 to 7 years, with unremarkable CBC/biochemistry panel were studied. Methods: Prospective study: Prednisolone (1.1‐1.5 mg/kg, median 1.28 mg/kg PO) was given daily for 7 consecutive days. Lipase activity (LIPC Roche; RI, 8‐26 U/L) and PLI (Spec fPL; RI, 0‐3.5 μg/L) were determined at day 1 before first treatment and at days 2, 3, 8, 10, and 14. Cats were examined daily. An a priori power analysis indicated that 6 cats were needed to find a biological relevant effect at 1‐β = 0.8. Statistical analyses comprised the Friedman test, random intercept regression, and repeated‐measures linear regression. Results: Median (range) day 1 lipase activities and PLI were 22 U/L (14‐52 U/L) and 3.2 μg/L (2.3‐15.7 μg/L). One cat with abnormally high lipase activity (52 U/L) and PLI (15.7 μg/L) at day 1 continued having elevated lipase activities and PLI throughout the study. Lipase activities and PLI concentrations did not differ significantly among time points regardless of whether the cat with elevated values was included or not. All cats remained healthy throughout the study. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Administration of prednisolone in anti‐inflammatory doses does not significantly increase serum lipase activity and PLI concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High fat diets overwhelm the physiological mechanisms for absorption, storage, and utilization of triglycerides (TG); consequently TG, TG‐rich lipoproteins (TGRL), and TGRL remnants accumulate, circulate systemically, producing dyslipidemia. This associates with, or is causative for increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk, ischemic stroke, fatty liver disease, and pancreatitis. TGRL hydrolysis by endothelial surface‐bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL) generates metabolites like free fatty acids which have proinflammatory properties. While osteoblasts utilize fatty acids as an energy source, dyslipidemia is associated with negative effects on the skeleton. In this study we investigated the effects of TGRL lipolysis products (TGRL‐LP) on expression of a stress responsive transcription factor, termed activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATF3 target genes, and angiopoietin‐like 4 (Angptl4) in osteoblasts. As ATF3 negatively associates with osteoblast differentiation, we also investigated the skeletal effects of global ATF3 deletion in mice. TGRL‐LP increased expression of Atf3, proinflammatory proteins Ptgs2 and IL‐6, and induced ROS in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. Angptl4 is an endogenous inhibitor of LPL which was transcriptionally induced by TGRL‐LP, while recombinant Angptl4 prevented TG‐driven Atf3 induction. Atf3 global knockout male mice demonstrated increased trabecular and cortical microarchitectural parameters. In summary, we find that TGRL‐LP induce osteoblastic cell stress as evidenced by expression of ATF3, which may contribute to the negative impact of dyslipidemia in the skeleton. Further, concomitant induction of Angptl4 in osteoblasts might play a protective role by reducing local lipolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberry leaf is a widely used protein feed and is often used as a strategy to reduce feed costs and improve meat quality in the livestock industry. However, to date, there is a lack of research on the improvement of meat quality using mulberry leaves, and the exact mechanisms are not yet known. The results showed that fermented mulberry leaves significantly reduced backfat content but had no significant effect on intramuscular fat (IMF). Lipidomic analysis showed that 98 and 303 differential lipid molecules (p < 0.05) were identified in adipose and muscle tissues, respectively, including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipids, and especially TG; therefore, we analysed the acyl carbon atom number of TG. The statistical results of acyl with different carbon atom numbers of TG in adipose tissue showed that the acyl group containing 13 carbon atoms (C13) in TG was significantly upregulated, whereas C15, C16, C17, and C23 were significantly downregulated, whereas in muscle tissue, the C12, C19, C23, C25, and C26 in TG were significantly downregulated. Acyl changes in TG were different for different numbers of carbon atoms in different tissues. We found that the correlations of C (14–18) in adipose tissue were higher, but in muscle tissue, the correlations of C (18–26) were higher. Through pathway enrichment analysis, we identified six and four metabolic pathways with the highest contributions of differential lipid metabolites in adipose and muscle tissues respectively. These findings suggest that fermented mulberry leaves improve meat quality mainly by inhibiting TG deposition by downregulating medium‐ and short‐chain fatty acids in backfat tissue and long‐chain fatty acids in muscle tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Holstein dairy cows raised in Ningxia were selected as the research object. Mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were extracted from the milk of eight Holstein cows with significantly different milk fat expression rates and transcribed for sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyse the correlation of fat milk percentage, and the critical miR‐2285f regulating milk fat was screened out. The target gene binding sites were predicted, and 293T cells and mammary epithelial cells were used as miRNA and target gene models for functional verification in vitro. The tissue difference of miR‐2285f Holstein cows was quantitatively analysed by transfecting miR‐2285f mimic and inhibitor. Assay (dual luciferase reporter gene assay) and quantitative real‐time PCR (quantitative real‐time PCR, qRT‐PCR), triglyceride (TAG) detection, oil red O detection of lipid droplets, Western Blot assay, Edu and Flow cytometry, The molecular regulatory effects of miR‐2285f and target gene MAP2K2 on milk fat metabolism of Holstein dairy cows were studied. The wild‐type vector and mutant vector of map2k2‐3′utr were constructed, and double luciferase reporting experiments were conducted to verify that MAP2K2 was one of the target genes of miR‐2285f. According to qRT‐PCR and Western Blot analysis, miR‐2285f mainly regulates the expression of MAP2K2 protein in BMECs at the translation level. Bta‐miR‐2285f can promote cell proliferation and slow cell apoptosis by regulating MAP2K2. Bta‐miR‐2285f can promote triglyceride (TAG) and lipid droplet accumulation in mammary epithelial cells by targeting MAP2K2. Bta‐miR‐2285f can regulate protein levels of fat milk marker gene PPARG by targeting MAP2K2. In conclusion, miR‐2285f can target the expression of the MAP2K2 gene, promote the proliferation of dairy mammary epithelial cells, inhibit cell apoptosis and regulate the milk fat metabolism in dairy mammary epithelial cells. The results of this study revealed the function of miR‐2285f in regulating the differential expression of fat milk in Holstein dairy cows at the cellular level. They provided a theoretical and experimental basis for analysing the regulation network of milk fat synthesis of Holstein dairy cows and the molecular breeding of dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical and basic science applications using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are gaining popularity. The current adipose tissue harvesting procedures introduce nonphysiological conditions, which may affect the overall performance of the isolated ADSCs. In this study, we elucidate the differences between ADSCs isolated from adipose tissues harvested within the first 5 min of the initial surgical incision (well-vascularized, nonpremedicated condition) versus those isolated from adipose tissues subjected to medications and deprived of blood supply during elective free flap procedures (ischemic condition). ADSCs isolated from well-vascularized and ischemic tissues positively immunostained for several standard stem cell markers. Interestingly, the percent change in the CD36 expression for ADSCs isolated from ischemic versus well-vascularized tissue was significantly lower in males than females (p < 0.05). Upon differentiation and maturation to adipocytes, spheroids formed using ADSCs isolated from ischemic adipose tissue had lower triglyceride content compared to those formed using ADSCs isolated from the well-vascularized tissue (p < 0.05). These results indicate that ADSCs isolated from ischemic tissue either fail to uptake fatty acids or fail to efficiently convert those fatty acids into triglycerides. Therefore, more robust ADSCs suitable to establish in vitro adipose tissue models can be obtained by harvesting well-vascularized and nonpremedicated adipose tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies related to the therapeutic effect of black garlic (BG) have been carried out on cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, dyslipidemia and other diseases. This investigation was conducted to examine the effect of BG supplements on the lipid profile and blood glucose of rats fed a customary diet (non-high fat diet). A fermented black garlic product was extracted by a maceration method and its phytochemical components were analyzed using LCMS. Black garlic extract was given to healthy rats with a normal feed for 14 days. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats. As a control, group A was given aquadest (placebo), and groups B, C, and D were given BG extract at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW, 30 mg/kg BW, and 45 mg/kg BW, respectively. On day 15, blood was taken from the retro-orbital plexus of the rats to measure the total levels of cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose. Black garlic made by fermentation at 80oC for 8 days contained more monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides than fresh garlic. Black garlic contained 32 types of organosulfur compounds, and the 5 most abundant compounds were allicin (5.813%), allin (4.993%), isoallin (3.77%), cycloalliin (3.163%) and (-) S-allyl-L-cysteine (2.022%). Black garlic extract administration was able to maintain blood glucose homeostasis in rats fed a normal diet (non-high fat diet). Levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C were significantly decreased in groups administered black garlic compared to the control group, whilst the level of HDL-C increased significantly in groups administered black garlic compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is the most common type of acute pancreatitis. However, the effect of serum triglyceride (TG) levels on the severity of ABP remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum TG levels and the severity of ABP. Data from 526 ABP patients was analyzed in this study. The patients were divided into normal and elevated groups according to the TG level measured within 24 h after admission, and the elevated group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe elevated groups. The demographic data and clinical outcomes of each group were compared. Of the 526 ABP patients, 394 were in the normal TG group and 132 were in the elevated TG group (36 mild, 57 moderate, and 39 severe). The elevated group was younger (51.5 ± 12.9 vs. 58.9 ± 13.9), predominantly male (66.7% vs. 45.2%), had more history of diabetes (22.7% vs. 12.4%) and hyperlipidemia (19.7% vs. 0.8%), and developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (25.8% vs. 15.5%), persistent organ failure (POF) (11.4% vs. 2.8%), and local complications (62.9% vs. 42.1%) more frequently compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). The incidence of SIRS, POF, acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC), and acute necrotic collection (ANC) increased with increasing TG levels (P trend < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, TG was independently associated with POF, APFC, and ANC in increments of 100 mg/dl (P < 0.05), and there was a linear relationship between TG levels and POF, APFC, and ANC (non-linear P > 0.05, P overall <0.05). In addition, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is not a risk factor for POF, ANC, and APFC in ABP patients. Elevated serum TG levels were independently associated with more severe ABP. The incidence of POF, APFC, and ANC in ABP patients increased with the increase of TG levels, with a linear relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder, which is closely associated with insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Patients with PCOS have a significantly higher risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and are associated with hyperandrogenemia (HA). However, the exact mechanism by which HA exacerbates hepatic steatosis in PCOS has not yet been fully elucidated. This work aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of androgens on hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism in rats with PCOS. Methods: Twenty-four female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (6 rats/group): control, high-fat diet (HFD), PCOS, and PCOS + flutamide (Flu). Changes in the estrous cycle, liver and ovarian tissue sections, serum total testosterone, serum and liver biochemical indicators, and key enzymes involved in TG metabolism were studied. Results: Hepatocyte steatosis and TG accumulation were more evident in the PCOS group than in the control and HFD groups. The PCOS group showed apparent increases in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, TG, free fatty acid, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Hepatic VLDL and apoB-100 levels decreased in the PCOS group. After Flu was administered to block the actions of androgens, the above abnormalities had been improved. The expression of MTTP was greatly decreased in the PCOS group and significantly increased after Flu administration. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis in PCOS rats was correlated with HA. Androgens may exacerbate hepatic TG accumulation by downregulating MTTP expression in PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Regulating the lipid nutritional profile of meat by balancing intramuscular fat and backfat is a difficult problem in pork production. In this study, we found that feed supplementation with mulberry leaves increased intramuscular fat while simultaneously reducing backfat. The results of our study suggest that nutritional supplementation with mulberry leaves may be used in pork production to improve the lipid nutrition of meat. Mulberry leaves, a common traditional Chinese medicine, represent a potential nutritional strategy to improve the fat profile, also known as the lipo-nutrition, of pork. However, the effects of mulberry leaves on pork lipo-nutrition and the microorganisms and metabolites in the porcine gut remain unclear. In this study, multi-omics analysis was employed in a Yuxi black pig animal model to explore the possible regulatory mechanism of mulberry leaves on pork quality. Sixty Yuxi black pigs were divided into two groups: the control group (n = 15) was fed a standard diet, and the experimental group (n = 45) was fed a diet supplemented with 8% mulberry leaves. Experiments were performed in three replicates (n = 15 per replicate); the two diets were ensured to be nutritionally balanced, and the feeding period was 120 days. The results showed that pigs receiving the diet supplemented with mulberry leaves had significantly reduced backfat thickness (p < 0.05) and increased intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p < 0.05) compared with pigs receiving the standard diet. Lipidomics analysis showed that mulberry leaves improved the lipid profile composition and increased the proportion of triglycerides (TGs). Interestingly, the IMF content was positively correlated with acyl C18:2 and negatively correlated with C18:1 of differential TGs. In addition, the cecal microbiological analysis showed that mulberry leaves could increase the abundance of bacteria such as UCG-005, Muribaculaceae_norank, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Limosilactobacillus. Simultaneously, the relative levels of L-tyrosine-ethyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, 21-deoxycortisol, N-acetyldihydrosphingosine, and mulberrin were increased. Furthermore, we found that mulberry leaf supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ in muscle (p < 0.01). Mulberry leaf supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (p < 0.05) while significantly decreasing the expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase in backfat (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mulberry leaf supplementation significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (p < 0.05) in backfat. In addition, mulberry leaf supplementation led to increased serum leptin and adiponectin (p < 0.01). Collectively, this omic profile is consistent with an increased ratio of IMF to backfat in the pig model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a disease caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery wall as a result of the atherosclerosis process. Atherosclerosis plays an important role from the beginning of plaque formation until plaque rupture which causes blood clots. Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are one of the major risk factors for CHD. In patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, there was an altered lipid profile which led to endothelial damage that caused the formation of atherosclerosis. HDL cholesterol labeled as good cholesterol was decreased due to uncontrolled LDL cholesterol labeled as bad cholesterol. LDL cholesterol synthesis process was disrupted then causing plaque formation in the arteries which causes CHD. Aim: The aim of this study was to analysis correlation between HbA1c levels, triglyceride levels, HDL levels and the degree of stenosis in coronary heart disease sufferers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was an observational cross-sectional analytical study with total of 51 patients with CHD who underwent cardiac catheterization at Telogorejo Hospital. Semarang. The correlation test in this study using the Spearman test with p<0.05 is considered significant. Results: Results of this study show that there is no significant correlation between HbA1C levels and triglyceride levels (p= 0.793), and Hba1C with the degree of stenosis was (p= 0.685) but, there was significant correlation between HDL cholesterol level with the degree of stenosis (p= 0.015). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no significant correlation between the correlation of HbA1c levels and triglyceride levels with the degree of stenosis and there was a moderately negative significant correlation between HDL levels and the degree of stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]