Search

As one of the most important public transportation facilities in the city, urban rail transit facilities meet a large number of travel needs of the public, however, they are not the most important public transportation facilities in the city. Since most of the rail transit facilities are underground spaces, they are characterized by large flows of people and confined spaces, which can easily cause major disasters in the event of a disaster. Personnel injuries, therefore, are especially important for the study of passenger disaster evacuation in rail transit. The thesis proposes a theory of passenger evacuation in urban rail transit hubs based on system simulation, and studies the platform structure, platform structure, and platform structure of rail transit hubs. The influences of crowd size and crowd density on passenger evacuation, and the design of optimal evacuation scenarios for emergencies through simulation experiments. Evacuation paths and methods. Simulation results show that the evacuation strategy combining the three factors produces good results and can solve the bottleneck problem of emergency evacuation at the station. Reducing casualties, providing guidance for the design of emergency evacuation plans for urban rail stations, and providing guidance for disaster evacuation strategies in stations. Provide informative advice on design.

Fire emergency response of urban rail transit is a complex multiattribute risk decision-making problem. In emergency response analysis, it is necessary to consider the psychological behaviors of decision-makers such as reference dependence, loss aversion, and judge distortion. Applying different emergency plans can intervene the development and evolution of urban rail emergency fire and may even result in different levels of casualties and property losses. For this situation, this paper proposes an emergency response decision-making method based on prospect theory. First, according to the prospect theory, this paper quantitatively describes the comprehensive psychological perception of decision-makers for casualties and property losses in different situations. Then, the psychological perception of decision-makers for the important levels of different situations is calculated. Third, according to the situation comprehensive values, situation weights, and the cost inputs of emergency plans, the comprehensive prospect values of each emergency plan are calculated, and the fire emergency plans can be ranked based on comprehensive prospect value. At last, the fire emergency disposal of Tianjin rail transportation line 3 is considered as the background in this paper. The feasibility and effectiveness of the purposed method is illustrated through the case study.

In the last decades, the rise of automation and communication technologies in railway sector has boosted more and more opportunities to design new and innovative solutions to improve the trip experience of people. Among them there is the so-called virtual coupling, a promising framework where trains, automated and connected, can split and merge dynamically without the need of human effort and a mechanical connection, paving the way for new planning approaches enabled by the introduction of a variable train composition. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology, based on a Global Sensitivity Analysis, for evaluating the effects of the uncertainty of the input data on a model aimed at optimally planning urban rail services with variable train composition. In particular, the sensitivity to transport demand and passenger behavior in boarding trains has been analyzed. Results allow to determine the input parameters that, being more relevant, should be estimated with higher attention in a real-world application and the parameters whose variability could be neglected thanks to a very low sensitivity on the results.

Tram transport is an important component of the urban transport system. In addition to subway and urban railway (including metropolitan railway), it is a component of the Urban Rail Transport (URT). One of the solutions in this system is the bi-directional tram. The objective of the article was to indicate factors conditioning the possibility of implementing and using the bi-directional tram in the urban transport system, with reference to the case study of Szczecin, Poland. The qualities of this mean of transport and conditions determining its functionality were also indicated, including those underlining its potential advantages over the traditional tram system. The analysis also includes the role that the bi-directional tram plays in European cities and potential benefits of using this mean of public transport in a sustainable urban transport system. The authors of the article applied the method of critical literature analysis, the documentary method and analysis, and the synthesis method. In addition, the results of field studies carried out by the authors in selected European cities with external and participating observations were included. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2019.

Railway travel is the smallest mode of transport but is becoming increasingly important. Urbanization needs more powerful urban rail systems, while intercity traffic needs fast, reliable, and high-performance long-distance train systems. Also, transport of freight by rail over long distances is increasing. The reason for this is the high transportation capacity with small infrastructure cross section because of their guided nature and high energy efficiency based on low running resistance and regenerative braking, which can transform kinetic energy into electric power with very high efficiency. Also, green electric energy can be used directly.

This paper focuses on adjusting the offline-planned schedules for urban rail networks in the case of large passenger demand. We simultaneously reschedule train services, adjust rolling stock plans, and find the best route for passengers in the updated train schedule. The goal is to improve transport performance for passengers and to balance it with operating cost, while respecting operational constraints. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is first proposed. Approximate and exact methods are further introduced to reformulate the nonlinear term in the MINLP model, resulting in mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models. In the models, emergency train services can be added if necessary. Short-turning and stop-pattern adaptation can speed up the circulation of rolling stock (i.e. metro vehicles). Passengers with the same characteristics are gathered into a group, and the passengers of a group may follow different routes, depending on resource availability. Experimental results on a small-scale case study demonstrate the better performance of three exact reformulation methods, i.e. they can find the first feasible solution much faster (within 180 s) and obtain solutions with much higher quality within a certain computation time, in comparison with the other proposed approximate and exact methods. Moreover, the results identify the improved performance of the operation for passengers, up to 13% improvement when properly shortening the headway time and up to 69% if operating emergency trains., Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 9 (1), ISSN:2168-0566, ISSN:2168-0582

At present, the fire performance of vehicles is highly concerned in domestic and international rail transit market projects [1], where the fire performance of the vehicle’s underframe is a crucial factor that restricts the fire safety of the entire rail vehicle. How to improve the fire resistance of vehicle underframe structure has become the focus and difficulty of vehicle fire engineering [2]. This article introduces main international fireproof standards applicable for urban rail vehicles. Then, based on the typical underframe structures of urban rail vehicles stainless steel body, three refractory structure models on different underframe structures are established by using different fireproof insulation materials as underframe fillers. Moreover, fire resistance tests are conducted on samples of three underframe models to verify the effectiveness of those fire performance. As per the fire test results, the crucial indexes such as heat insulation, fire resistance, temperature rise curve, fire resistance time and material cost of different filler insulation materials are compared and summarized. Finally, the standardized and modular design specification is suggested on refractory underframe structures in urban rail vehicles.

Maintaining high operation performance and at the same time having high transporting capacity is a challenge for urban rail lines during unexpected disruption. In this paper, we focus on adjusting the train timetable in case of a complete blockage with fixed disruption length. A mixed integrated linear train rescheduling model, where short-turning, cancelling and adjustable dwell time and running time are included, is proposed to minimize total train delays and services cancellation under different dispatcher’s reaction time towards disruption. To evaluate the train rescheduling impacts on passengers, we later establish an accurate passenger flow model considering time-dependent passenger ODs. The main objective is to minimizing passenger travel time. A case study is carried out for the disruption scenarios on Beijing Metro Line 7. It is illustrated that optimal rescheduling solution is sensitive to reaction time. Shorter reaction time mitigates train delays as well as passengers’ travel time. Longer reaction time increases the numbers of affected train services during the disruption and make it more difficult recover to original timetable.

Energy feedback system (EFS) has been widely used in urban rail, whereas its duty classes are rarely considered. To calculate the load process of EFS accurately, an algorithm taking duty class into consideration is proposed and verified. Two indexes are proposed to evaluate the energy-saving performance effect and economic benefit, including daily feedback energy and feedback ratio, and an optimal capacity design scheme of EFSs based on the proposed indexes is presented. A subway case is studied, and the optimized scheme is found. The daily feedback energy is 11152.92 kWh, and the system-level feedback ratio is 5.70, which is greater than the highest one of pre-selected schemes by 0.60.

IntroductionLarge number of passengers, limited space and shared surfaces can transform public transportation into a hub of epidemic spread. This study was conducted to investigate whether proximity to railway stations, a proxy for utilization, was associated with higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection across small-areas of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal).MethodsThe number of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infections from March 2 until July 5, 2020 at parish-level was obtained from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System. We used a Geographic Information System to estimate proximity to railway stations from the six railway lines operating in the area. Then, we fitted a quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model to estimate the relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).ResultsBetween May 2 and July 5, 2020, there were a total of 17,168 SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, with wide disparities between parishes.Globally, parishes near one of the railway lines (Sintra) presented significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rates (RR=1.42, 95%CI 1.16, 1.75) compared to those parishes located far away from railway stations, while the opposite happened for parishes near other railway lines (Sado/Fertagus), whose infection rates were significantly lower than those observed in parishes located far away from railway stations (RR=0.66, 95%CI 0.50, 0.87). However, the associations varied according to the stage of the epidemic and according to mitigation measures in place. Regression results also revealed an increasing influence of socioeconomic deprivation on SARS-CoV-2 infections.ConclusionsWe found no consistent association between proximity to railway stations and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in the most affected metropolitan area of the country, suggesting that other factors (e.g. socioeconomic deprivation) might play a more prominent role in the epidemic dynamics.

User assignment models in transit networks are relevant for the planning of new lines but less relevant for management. Other types of models are used for management, which is very efficient for the simulation of supply but less efficient for the simulation of users, who nevertheless influence train traffic on urban railway lines. This paper proposes to use a combined train and passenger simulation model on a railway line to propose line management solutions in order to minimise the passenger travel time. An application of this method on line 13 of the Paris subway network, shows how the relationship between frequency and dwell-time impact the railway traffic. Precisely, the current frequency of the line associated with a maximum dwell time of the 40s minimise the travel time. These optimal time conditions correspond to significant congestion in the line’s train traffic.

There has been a growing interest to improve urban rail services for increasing a city’s economic competitiveness. While accessibility provided by rail services has been the focus of many s...

Rail track inspection is essential to urban rail infrastructure management in terms of safety. The track geometry car is one of the important inspection vehicles for track condition measure...

International audience; This article explores the involvement of stakeholders agencing sustainability in the context of megaprojects, which represent an extreme setting with inherent uncertainty and complexity. Through the concept of milieu, project marketing has for many years studied the diversity of actors, their heterogeneous nature and their multiple interactions, but without really tackling the issue of sustainability. As part of a three-year interaction with a rail supplier company, this research is based on three case studies of urban rail projects in France. Actor-network theory was applied as method theory. Findings suggest that agential configurations for sustainability include non-business actants, as well as hybrid and future collectives. We differentiate stakeholders according to the role they play in agencing sustainability: promoters, translators and targets. The study enriches the concept of milieu through a distinction between actors from the territory, milieu and project network. We propose the concept of sustainability agencing to offer (1) a dynamic view of stakeholders in project and industrial marketing and (2) a project-centered perspective of sustainability in business markets. Implications for theory and practice are given to foster future research in this area.

Purpose: This study aims to create a model using a two-stage Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method to evaluate urban rail transport performance. Methodology: Within the scope of the study, the rail system lines operated in Ankara Electricity, Gas and Bus Operation Institution (EGO General Directorate) were evaluated by SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) and ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) methods, which are MCDM methods. The importance weights of the evaluation criteria were determined using SWARA method and the performance values of the rail system lines were calculated using ARAS method.Findings: According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the most important criteria is the maximum passenger capacity. Besides, alternatives are respectively from the highest to the lowest according to their performance; it has been found as Batıkent-Sincan/Törekent, Çayyolu-Kızılay, Batıkent-Kızılay, Keçiören-Atatürk Cultural Center and Aşti-Dikimevi.Originality: In the literature, it has been seen that SWARA and ARAS methods are not used as a two stage method in the measurement of urban rail transportation system performance and productivity. Moreover, it is believed that the study applies to other urban transportation systems and will contribute to the literature., Amaç: Bu çalışma, kent içi raylı ulaşım performansını değerlendirmek için iki aşamalı bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemi kullanarak bir model oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında Ankara Elektrik, Havagazı ve Otobüs İşletme Müessesesi’nde (EGO Genel Müdürlüğü) işletilen raylı sistem hatları, SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) ve ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. SWARA yöntemi ile değerlendirme kriterlerinin önem ağırlıkları belirlenmiş, ARAS yöntemi ile raylı sistem hatlarının performans değerleri hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre değerlendirme kriterleri arasında en önemli kriterin maksimum yolcu kapasitesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca alternatifler performanslarına göre en yüksekten en düşüğe doğru sırasıyla; Batıkent-Sincan/Törekent, Çayyolu-Kızılay, Batıkent-Kızılay, Keçiören-Atatürk Kültür Merkezi ve Aşti-Dikimevi olarak bulunmuştur.Özgünlük: Literatürde kent içi raylı ulaşım sistemi performans ve verimlilik ölçümü konusunda iki aşamalı bir yöntem olarak SWARA ve ARAS yöntemlerinin kullanılmadığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte çalışmanın diğer kent içi ulaşım sistemleri için de uygulanabilir olduğu ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Normally, the passengers on urban rail systems remain fairly stationary, allowing for a relatively straightforward approach to controlling the dynamics of the system, based on the total rest mass of the train and passengers. However, when a mischievous rugby club board an empty train and then run and jump-stop during the braking process, they can disrupt the automatic mechanisms for aligning train and platform doors. This is the Rugby Club Problem for automated urban train control. A simple scenario of this kind is modelled in Hybrid Event-B, and sufficient conditions are derived for the prevention of the overshoot caused by the jump-stop. The challenges of making the model more realistic are discussed, and a strategy for dealing with the Rugby Club Problem, when it cannot be prevented, is contemplated.

The planning process of urban rail lines is a complex activity which is usually decomposed into several stages, traditionally network design, line planning, train scheduling, rolling stock scheduling, and crew scheduling. This paper focuses on the design and optimization of train scheduling for a urban rail transit line under the dynamic and oversaturated passenger demand. The objective is to minimize the total waiting time of passengers at platforms. In order to obtain high quality solutions, genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed model. Finally, some numerical experiments based on Beijing ChangPing line are implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.

In general, urban railway vehicles, which are recently introduced in Korea, have adopted a totally-enclosed structure as a traction motor for ease of maintenance. The traction motors with the totally enclosed structure have the problem to be difficult to thermal cooling if the separated device for the heat exchange with the outside is not prepared. In fact, the totally enclosed structure is unfavorable structure on the IPMSM having a structure in which the permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor. It is often required an additional installation of a separate cooling system to solve these thermal problems. Therefore, authors perform a basic design of the solenoid pipe typed water-cooling jacket which can be applied to 210 kW-class IPMSM for urban rail vehicles in this paper. Next, the thermal characteristic analysis is performed on the various structures of the solenoid pipe and on the various flow conditions inside the cooling water pipe of the water-cooling jacket by utilizing 3D-FEM Tool.

The urban rail network is a confined and independent space, the interior stations and tracks of which are highly correlated. If one or some specific stations were disrupted, it would impact the whole network gravely. Therefore, it is meaningful to recognize these critical stations and put more human and material resources take care of them. Based on the real-world smart-card data, we propose an analysis method including four indicators to find the critical stations in the urban rail networks. A multi-agent based simulation and min-max normalization are developed to obtain the final importance degree for each station. A case study based on the real-world passenger volume data from Beijing Metro network is conducted to illustrate the validity and availability of the developed method.

Rolling bearings are the most prone components to failure in urban rail trains, presenting potential danger to cities and their residents. This paper puts forward a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method by integrating empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and genetic neural network adaptive boosting (GNN-AdaBoost). EMD is an excellent tool for feature extraction and during which some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. GNN-AdaBoost fault identification algorithm, which uses genetic neural network (GNN) as sub-classifier of the boosting algorithm, is proposed in order to address the shortcomings in classification when only using a GNN. To demonstrate the excellent performance of the approach, experiments are performed to simulate different operating conditions of the rolling bearing, including high speed, low speed, heavy load and light load. For de-nosing signal, by EMD decomposition is applied to obtain IMFs, which is used for extracting the IMF energy feature parameters. The combination of IMF energy feature parameters and some time-domain feature parameters are selected as the input vectors of the classifiers. Finally, GNN-AdaBoost and GNN are applied to experimental examples and the identification results are compared. The results show that GNN-AdaBoost offers significant improvement in rolling bearing fault diagnosis for urban rail trains when compared to GNN alone.

Energy conservation is attracting more attention to achieve a reduced lifecycle system cost level while enabling environmentally friendly characteristics. Conventional research mainly concentrates on energy-saving speed profiles, where the energy level evaluation of the timetable is usually considered separately. This paper integrates the train driving control optimization and the timetable characteristics by analyzing the achievable tractive energy conservation performance and the corresponding boundaries. A calculation method for energy efficient driving control solution is proposed based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) strategy, which is utilized to carry out batch processing with timetable. A boundary identification solution is proposed to detect the range of energy conservation capability by considering the relationships with average interstation speed and the passenger volume condition. A case study is presented using practical data of Beijing Metro Batong Line and two timetable schemes. The results illustrate that the proposed optimized energy efficient driving control approach is capable of saving tractive energy in comparison with the conventional traction calculation-based train operation solution. With the proposed boundary identification method, the capability space of the energy conservation profiles with respect to the energy reduction and energy saving rate is revealed. Moreover, analyses and discussions on effects from different passenger load conditions are given to both the weekday and weekend timetables. Results of this paper may assist the decision making of rail operators and engineers by enhancing the cost effectiveness and energy efficiency.

I study the effect of transit access on neighborhood incomes by exploiting a quasi-experimental setting of an extensively planned, but only partially built urban rail system in Dallas. I show that neighborhood income in census tracts that received rail access increases compared to neighborhoods that were promised to receive access, but did not due to funding cuts. The treatment effect is positively correlated with initial neighborhood income and negative for the poorest tracts. This reconciles gentrification and “poverty magnet” effects of rail infrastructure found in the earlier literature and highlights the role of transit as a potential incubator for income segregation.

We analyze the evolution of the spatial distribution of ridership in Chicago's Elevated Train over the last two decades, by means of station-level average daily passenger entries and census data to establish links between ridership changes and urban processes. Overall, we observe that 2007–2008 ridership was slightly below 1989–1990 levels, but recovering since the late 1990s. Ridership gains have shown a strong tendency to concentrate within a 10 km radius from the CBD. Outside of this area, losses since 1989–1990 have been steady. The ridership recovery and its spatial distribution appear, therefore, to be related to an acceleration of urban processes, i.e., gentrification, immigration, employment concentration in the CBD.

A tool for holistic energy simulation and optimization of urban rail vehicles is presented. The modular vehicle model consists of easy to parameterize subsystems. All essential energy consuming subsystems (traction system and auxiliaries) can be considered via models of adequate detail level. Interaction between subsystems is simulated and driven by the operational conditions and internal controllers. Apart from energy signals the tool provides many other time signals, which contain valuable information for the vehicle manufacturer. Different workflow variants of the tool enable a case specific simulation or optimization. Furthermore a superordinated multi-objective mixed-integer optimization (MOMIO) can be applied to optimize the rail vehicle with respect to design parameters and operational conditions. Additionally a Brute-Force-Method (BFM) simulating all possible combinations enables to analyze the sensitivity of objectives (e.g. total energy) with respect to the selected design variables.

Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system has been widely acclaimed for its unique ‘rail-plusproperty’ (R+P) model of operation. However, MTR projects, like other transit-oriented development (...

Authorities around the world are looking for new approaches to justify the implementation of capital intensive transport infrastructure such as urban rail solutions. Traditionally, the benefits of an urban rail line include conventional user benefits such as savings in travel time, vehicle operating costs, accident costs and environmental costs, and more recently wider economic benefits. An alternative approach that is sometimes used is to consider the appreciation of property prices along a rail corridor, and the intensification of land development surrounding a rail station. Using the development of new rail lines in Singapore as a case study, this paper will first apply the hedonic regression method to obtain estimates of elasticity between property price and transport accessibility. Secondly, using historical land use masterplans, the paper will discuss how the density of land use adjacent to rail stations has intensified over the past 15 years, through a comparative analysis of the land use density with respect to the distance to a rail station. Finally, with the North East Line as an example, the alternative approach comprising the land value enhancement of existing properties and the land intensification due to proximity to the line will be compared against the conventional user benefits. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydney

This paper presents the findings of a preliminary survey, which is consist of the identification of issues and importance of safety and health cost allocation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven (7) construction stakeholders who are involved in urban rail infrastructure project. The transcription and interpretation from the interview findings were carried out using Atlas.ti© qualitative software. The respondent views are needed to obtain safety items and related issues in developing this framework mainly for estimating the safety cost allocation. Keywords: Safety and Health Cost; Cost Framework; Urban Rail; Infrastructure Project. eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.172

This article presents a prototype of wireless rechargeable sensor nodes for the health monitoring of urban rail corrugation. The proposed system includes a local energy generator constructed based on the electromagnetic-induction principle, a DC–DC booster converter, wireless sensor nodes, and an analysis interface using Littlewood–Paley wavelet transform methods. A vehicle–track interaction model is established that considers the rail corrugation as an irregularity excitation source to predict the dynamic response of railway tracks with rail corrugation. To verify the theoretical prediction, field testing was conducted, and the power consumption of the sensor nodes was evaluated. Finally, a case study showed that rail corrugation defects can be identified by measuring the rail acceleration signals and using Littlewood–Paley wavelet analysis.

In the welding process, the welding strain and deformation of the city rail aluminum alloy flankwall are inevitable as a result of local heating, and carrying capacity of the structure will be affected by the welding stress and deformation. In the mean time, it puts forward some requirements for the clamp process, the clamping force can reduce the deformation of the workpiece. But a great change of force will produce in the clamp position during the process of welding, this force changes are easy to cause brittle fracture and fatigue damage of the clamp. In this paper, it gives simulation analysis to workpiece by using ANSYS analysis software and Gauss heat source model. Finally, the conclusion is sum up compared with the actual data.

Last train timetable design is to coordinate last train services from different lines in an urban rail network for maximizing the number of transfers. It is a challenging operational research problem to balance the competing demand of two decision agents: that of the government agencies to provide the best social services with minimal government subsidy, and that of the train operating companies to minimize operating costs. A bi-level programming model is formulated for the last train timetabling problem, in which the upper level is to maximize the social service efficiency, and the lower level is to minimize the revenue loss for the operating companies. To solve this problem, a genetic algorithm combined with an active-set approach is developed. We report the optimization results on real-world cases of the Beijing subway network. The results show that the optimized last train timetable can significantly improve the transfer coordination.