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Àcid fòlic; Hhomocisteïna; Deteriorament cognitiu lleu Ácido fólico; Homocisteína; Deterioro cognitivo leve Folic acid; Homocysteine; Mild cognitive impairment Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent predictor of the risk for cognitive decline and may be a result of low levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate. Previous findings suggest that adequate intake of these vitamins may reduce homocysteine levels. This review aimed to assess the effects of treatment with vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid in the homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic literature review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The research question was formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework: in patients with MCI (P); what is the efficacy of vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid intake (I); compared with baseline values, and/or compared with controls (C); in reducing homocysteine levels from baseline (O). A total of eight primary studies with a total of 1,140 participants were included in the review. Four were randomized controlled trials, one was a quasi-controlled trial, and three were observational studies. All studies included folic acid in their intervention, seven vitamin B12, and four vitamin B6. Mean (SD) length of the intervention period was 18.8 (19.3) months, ranging from 1 to 60 months. All studies showed a statistically significant decrease in homocysteine levels in groups treated with vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid compared to controls, with a mean decline of homocysteine concentration of 31.9% in the intervention arms whereas it increased by 0.7% in the control arm. This review identified evidence of a reduction of plasma homocysteine levels in MCI patients taking vitamins B6, B12, and/or folic acid supplements, with statistically significant declines being observed after 1 month of supplementation. Findings support that supplementation with these vitamins might be an option to reduce homocysteine levels in people with MCI and elevated plasma homocysteine. Nestlé Health Science, Switzerland

International audience; Aging is the major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. After decades of research focused on extending lifespan, current efforts seek primarily to promote healthy aging. Recent advances suggest that biological processes linked to aging are more reliable than chronological age to account for an individual's functional status, i.e. frail or robust. It is becoming increasingly apparent that biological aging may be detectable as a progressive loss of resilience much earlier than the appearance of clinical signs of frailty. In this context, the INSPIRE program was built to identify the mechanisms of accelerated aging and the early biological signs predicting frailty and pathological aging. To address this issue, we designed a cohort of outbred SWISS mice (1576 male and female mice) in which we will continuously monitor spontaneous and voluntary physical activity from 6 to 24 months of age under either normal or high fat/high sucrose diet. At different age points (6, 12, 18, 24 months), multiorgan functional phenotyping will be carried out to identify early signs of organ dysfunction and generate a large biological fluids/feces/organs biobank (100,000 samples). A comprehensive correlation between functional and biological phenotypes will be assessed to determine: 1) the early signs of biological aging and their relationship with chronological age; 2) the role of dietary and exercise interventions on accelerating or decelerating the rate of biological aging; and 3) novel targets for the promotion of healthy aging. All the functional and omics data, as well as the biobank generated in the framework of the INSPIRE cohort will be available to the aging scientific community. The present article describes the scientific background and the strategies employed for the design of the INSPIRE Mouse cohort.

International audience; Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function induced by muscle disuse is a crucial issue in the context of spaceflight as well as in the clinical field, and development of efficient countermeasures is needed. Recent studies have reported the importance of redox balance dysregulation as a major mechanism leading to muscle wasting. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail (741 mg of polyphenols, 138 mg of vitamin E, 80 mu g of selenium, and 2.1 g of omega-3) in the prevention of muscle deconditioning induced by long-term inactivity. The study consisted of 60 days of hypoactivity using the head-down bed rest (HDBR) model. Twenty healthy men were recruited; half of them received a daily antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementation, whereas the other half received a placebo. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscles before and after bedrest and 10 days after remobilization. After 2 months of HDBR, all subjects presented muscle deconditioning characterized by a loss of muscle strength and an atrophy of muscle fibers, which was not prevented by cocktail supplementation. Our results regarding muscle oxidative damage, mitochondrial content, and protein balance actors refuted the potential protection of the cocktail during long-term inactivity and showed a disturbance of essential signaling pathways (protein balance and mitochondriogenesis) during the remobilization period. This study demonstrated the ineffectiveness of our cocktail supplementation and underlines the complexity of redox balance mechanisms. It raises interrogations regarding the appropriate nutritional intervention to fight against muscle deconditioning.

Cada vez más personas afrontan la vejez de un modo positivo a causa de factores genéticos, hábitos y estilos de vida adecuados, y un entorno social y familiar de apoyo. La esperanza de vida y el número de personas nonagenarias y centenarias en España que tienen envejecimiento exitoso crece. 12.880 centenarios viven actualmente en España. En Valencia son 222 las personas centenarias y 1.295 las nonagenarias. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se presentan datos de perfil de la longevidad extrema describiendo características sociodemográficas, estilos de vida, salud percibida, funcional, cognitiva, social y participación. Muestra: Sobre una muestra inicial de 552 personas valencianas, se entrevistó a N = 68 personas sin deterioro cognitivo (M = 96, DT = 3,93), 44,1 % centenarios (97-105); 69,1 % mujeres; 83,8 % viudos; un 48,5 % vivía en su casa, un 33,8 % en residencias y un 17,6 % en casa de hijos u otros familiares. Su red social era amplia (un 88,2 % con hijos y nietos, y un 77,9 % con familiares longevos). Resultados: La salud percibida era buena para el 74,5 %; el 84,8 % tenía muy buena salud cognitiva, el 54,5 % era independiente en casi todas las abvd, el 87,2 % no tuvo problemas de salud en el último mes y su salud física no le causó dificultades, y el 63,8 % ha tenido muy poco/ningún dolor durante el último mes. Los estilos de vida eran saludables pues el 33,3 % realizaba ejercicio físico regular y la dieta era mediterránea para el 89,4 %. La mitad de ellos (56,1 %) participaba en actividades semanalmente, con alta satisfacción con el ocio en la mayor parte de los casos (76,6 %). Conclusiones: El envejecimiento exitoso en las personas mayores de 90 años se caracteriza por tener buena salud percibida y cognitiva, buena red de apoyo social familiar, antecedentes de familiares longevos, estilos de vida saludables y participación en actividades diversas. People are increasingly facing up to old age in a positive way as a result of genetic factors, appropriate behaviours and lifestyles and a supportive social and family environment. Life expectancy and the number of people reaching their 90s and 100s with a successful old age in Spain are increasing. 12,880 centenarians currently live in Spain. In Valencia, there are 222 people over 100 and 1295 over 90. Method: Descriptive transversal study. Profile data of extreme longevity are presented, describing sociodemographic features, lifestyles, physical, functional and mental health and rates of social engagement. Sample: From an initial sample of 552 Valencian people, 68 were interviewed without cognitive decline (N = 68, M = 96, DT = 3.93): 44.1 % were centenarians (97-105); 69.1 % women; 83.8 % widowers; 48.5 % living at home; 33.8 % in a retirement home and 17.6 % with their children or other family. Their social network was extensive (88.2 % with children or grandchildren) and 77.9 % with long-lived family members. Results: Reported physical health was good for 74.5 %; 84.8 % had very good mental health; 54.5 % were independent in almost all activities of daily living (ADL); 87.2 % had no health problems in the last month and their physical health posed no difficulties; 63.8 % had very little/no pain in the last month. Their lifestyles were healthy with 33.3 % doing regular physical exercise and 89.4 % eating a Mediterranean diet. Half (56.1 %) were participating weekly in some activity, with most of them (76.6 %) reporting a high degree of satisfaction with their leisure activities. Conclusions: Successful ageing in people over 90 years is characterised by good physical and mental health, a good family and social supporting network, history of long-lived family members, healthy lifestyles and participation in diverse activities. Medicina