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Pharmaceutical nanotechnology has paved the road for disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Its implications in the field of health care are receiving considerable acknowledgement as it provides quicker and much cheaper treatments. With nanotechnology, it is possible to achieve efficient targeting and movement of drugs across barriers. Various pharmaceutical nanotechnology-based systems, which can be termed as nanopharmaceuticals like polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, etc., have brought about revolutionary changes in drug delivery as well as the total medical service system. Some useful information regarding the molecular basis of diseases has been discovered using nanotechnology. Some concerning issues like safety, bioethical issues, toxicity hazards, and physiological and pharmaceutical challenges get to be resolved by the scientists. In conclusion it is worth noting that regulators should come up with cogent guidelines to reduce/balance the risks with therapeutic outcomes. This chapter defines fabrication aspects of nano drug delivery along with its type and general idea regarding its characterization. All the systems have been supported by some recent patents for the same and appear at the end of the chapter.

Biotechnology and nanotechnology are two of the 21st century's most promising technologies. Nanotechnology is defined as the design, development, and application of materials and devices whose least functional makeup is on a nanometer scale. With the use of nanobiotechnology it is possible to graft small devices closer and closer to reality that can deliver such dynamic molecules easily with enhanced stability. In short, such development in the field of biotechnology will bring vast impact in fields of science and technology. Nanobiotechnology offers some unique opportunities in medicine and biotherapeutics. This chapter comprises fabrication challenges for nanocarriers as well as their ethical and regulatory impacts. Some of their recent applications are highlighted with some patents in this field.

The concept of personalized medicine has got its credential due to the development of molecular techniques. It involves right drug & dose, right patient and with right time administration of a medication. By averting the knowledge of gene sequence and their functions, biomedical researches are diversified towards inter-individual variations that are expected to become an eminent part of treatment planning in terms of efficacy and toxic side effects of drugs. The clairvoyance of the future health care adjudicate a system in which patient care is consistently belay by captivating information on the individual patient’s genomes and their downstream products. By combining the credentials of various disciplines such as life sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and information and communication technology ameliorated this concept. These have been well addressed by the so called ‘-omics’ technology. However, assimilation of genomic data to its risk-benefit analyses and the adaptability of the patiet population with certain ethical issue becomes one pillar for this and the view of the pharmaceutical industry towards this discipline.

Biopharmaceutical classification system BCS is a drug development tool that is based on correlation of solubility with their bioavailability in human body and allows estimation of the contributions of three major factors dissolution solubility and intestinal permeability which affect oral drug absorption from immediate release IR solid oral products This mini review gives an overview of BCS with special emphasis on concept classification extension and Biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system BDDCS with brief idea on its applications

Advancement in chemical technologies has led to the development of a large number of new chemical entities (NCEs), which often show poor solubility and poor oral bioavailability with wide intra- and intersubject variations. NCEs pertaining to BCS Class II/IV present significant technical challenges for the formulation scientist. Lower bioavailability is one of the main obstacles for new drug entities when formulation is considered. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are the type of formulations in which the drug itself is given in presolubilized form, which improves the bioavailability by virtue of improvement in dissolution. As it is a lipid-based system, it also improves the permeability. A better understanding of the factors that affect drug crystallization is required, and the introduction of standardized predictive in vitro tests would be valuable. The use of a lipid formulation classification system combined with appropriate in vitro tests will help to establish a database for in vitro–in vivo correlation studies. Certain disadvantages associated with conventional SEDDSs are now overcome by some of the recent advancements, as described in this chapter, with recent patents being granted in these fields. Following their oral administration, these systems rapidly disperse in gastrointestinal fluids, yielding micro- or nanoemulsions containing the solubilized drug. Owing to its miniscule globule size, the micro/nanoemulsified drug can easily be absorbed through lymphatic pathways, by passing the hepatic first-pass effect.

The major obstacles observed in current chemotherapy are severe adverse effects, narrow therapeutic indexes and multidrug resistance. Anticancer phytochemicals are extracted and purified from natural plants, providing alternative therapeutic approaches with recognized biomedical benefits. However, poor bioavailability, high dose requirements and non-specific targeting have made those molecules less effective. To tackle those issues, liposomal nanovesicles for phytochemical delivery are taken into consideration for improving the therapeutic effectiveness by increasing transportation across cell barriers and conferring attractive cancer-specific targeting capabilities. In the present review, the liposomal approaches of anticancer phytochemicals are discussed, and recent advances in these formulations applied to cancer phytotherapy are further reviewed by an informed approach.This review describes the application of liposomal phyto-chemotherapy as a promising therapeutic and technological intervention against cancer that has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy, reduce the associated side effects and improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.