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Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844: 485; NEPAL (Brian Houghton Hodgson, presenter; BM (NH) 45.1.8.416) [160]. Common English name: Big-eared Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as R. macrotis are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAC 2064 and BOLD:ACU9422, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: The BIN, BOLD:AAC2064 includes DNA barcodes recorded as R. macrotis and R. siamensis, and both demonstrated very shallow genetic divergences [4] (S5 Fig). The BIN, BOLD:ACU9422 contains two DNA barcodes which are originally from GenBank and may be erroneous. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Gunung Benom [23], Pulau Tioman [79], Klau Besar [100]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]. R. macrotis has been recorded in lowland and hill forests [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 33, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["160. Blyth E. Notices of various Mammalia with descriptions of many new species. Journal Asiat Soc Bengal. 1844; 13: 463 - 494.","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","42. Anan S, Rashdi AM, Abdul J, Lim BL. A survey of small mammals at Sungai Chenderoh, Perlok, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1998; 16: 104 - 109.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","79. Csorba G, Fuisz T, Kelen B. New birds and bats from Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1997; 50: 197 - 200.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Megaderma lyra Geoffroy, 1810 Megaderma lyra Geoffroy, 1810: 190; INDIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [99]. Common English name: Greater False-Vampire Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as M. lyra are associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAC 7954. Two DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia (RONP 005-14 and RONP 020-14) are not associated with any BIN due to their short sequence length (< 500bp) but showed little divergence with other M. lyra DNA barcodes (Fig 3). IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Selangor: Ulu Gombak [23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51]; Perak: Selama [49]. M. lyra has been reported roosting in shallow caves, buildings and tunnels [14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["99. Geoffroy (- Saint Hilaire) E. Sur les phyllostomes et les megadermes. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 1810; 15: 157 - 198.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Pipistrellus tenuis [Temminck, 1840] Vespertilio tenuis Temminck, 1840: 229; Sumatra, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [82]. Pipistrellus tenuis [8]. Common English name: Least Pipistrelle Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as P. tenuis are associated with the BIN, BOLD:AAB2554, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Unspecified [23]; Pulau Pinang: Unspecied [23]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Melaka: Sungai Udang Forest Reserve [68]. P. tenuis has been reported roosting in buildings in highly disturbed areas and in hollowed branches and among dead leaves in forests [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["82. Temminck CJ. Monographies de mammalogie. Tome 2. Leiden and Paris; 1837 - 1841. 392 pp.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853 Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853: 61; Ternate Island, North Molucca islands, INDO- NESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [89]. Common English name: Island Flying-Fox Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as P. hypomelanus are associated with the BIN, BOLD:AAZ4957, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Johor: Pulau Pemanggil [23]; Terengganu: Pulau Redang [23], Pulau Perhentian [23]; Kedah: Pulau Paya [23]; Pahang: Pulau Tioman [23, 78; 90]. P. hypomelanus roosts close to shores on islands, under the fronds of coconut palms and branches of trees, and flies to mainland to feed [14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 12, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["89. Temminck CJ. Esquisses zoologiques sur la cote de Guine... le partie, les mammiferes vol 1. Mammiferes. Brill, Leiden; 1853. 256 pp.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Rhinolophus sedulus Andersen, 1905 Rhinolophus sedulus Andersen, 1905: 247; Sarawak, MALAYSIA (A. R. Wallace, collector; Type was previously recorded as no. 19 in Robert Fisher Tome’s private collection and is currently at BM(NH) as BM(NH) 7.1.1.292) [161]. Common English name: Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as R. sedulus (BM 141-03 and BM 431-04) are not associated with any BIN due to their short sequence length (< 500 bp). Both were collected in Peninsular Malaysia and share > 99% similarity (Fig 5). IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 32], Kuala Tekah, [23], Kuala Atok, National Park [44], Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Klau Besar and Gunung Aais [100]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve, [45]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52, 54, 122], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti [100]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57], Bukit Hijau [100]; Perak: Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100]. R. sedulus has been reported roosting in caves, fallen tree hollows, and bushes either individually or in pairs [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 34, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["161. Andersen K. On the bats of the Rhinolophus philippinensis group, with descriptions of five new species. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1905; 16: 546 - 550.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","122. Tate GHH. A review of the genus Hipposideros with special reference to Indo-Australian species. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1941; 78: 353 - 393.","55. Azlan JM, Sharma RS, Zakaria M. Species diversity and relative abundance of understorey bats at Air Hitam forest reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2000; 54 (1): 69 - 75.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846 Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846: 183; Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [133]. Common English name: Cantor’s Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAC 3087 (2 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 4) Remarks: DNA barcodes recorded as H. galeritus are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAC3086 and BOLD:AAC3087. The BIN, BOLD:AAC3086 contains DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand whereas BOLD:AAC3087 contains DNA barcodes from Vietnam and Laos (Fig 4). DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand are likely to represent H. galeritus sensu stricto as they cover the type locality. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pulau Pinang: Unspecified [133]; Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 32], Kuala Atok, National Park [44], Cameron Highland [60], Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Selangor: Batu Caves [23], Ulu Gombak [32, 52, 53], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Negeri Sembilan: Broga [32], Pasoh Forest Reserve [45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve and Berembun Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Maxwell Hill [32], Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Reng [62]. H. galeritus has been reported roosting in limestone caves and sighted near large rock boulders in mature lowland forest [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 24, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["133. Cantor T. Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands. Journal Asiat Soc Bengal. 1846; 15: 171 - 203.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","60. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Shukor MN, Zalipah MN, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Survey of small mammals at two forest reserves in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 293 - 298.","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","53. Heller KG, Volleth M. Taxonomic position of \" Pipistrellus societatis \" Hill, 1972 and the karyological characteristics of the genus Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J Zoolog Syst Evol Res. 1984; 22 (1): 65 - 77.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Glischropus tylopus [Dobson, 1875] Vesperugo tylopus Dobson, 1875: 473; Sabah, north Borneo, MALAYSIA (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 70.2.10.2) [199]. Glischropus tylopus [191]. Common English name: Thick-thumbed Pipistrelle Barcode Index Number: Two DNA barcodes (RONP 009-14 and RONP 024-14) which are from Perak, Peninsular Malaysia are not assigned with any BIN due to their short sequence length (< 500bp). However, other DNA barcodes recorded as G. tylopus which were collected in Vietnam and Laos are associated with the BIN, BOLD: AAC 0085. Remarks: All DNA barcodes (BIN, BOLD:AAC0085) recorded as G. tylopus from Vietnam and Laos (= Indochina) represent G. bucephalus which was recently described on the basis of longer forearms and distinctive cranial features [200]. Another species from Sumatra, Indonesia, G. aquilus is distinct from G. tylopus collected in Peninsular Malaysia on the basis of its darker colour and 12.4% divergence in cytochrome b mtDNA [201]. It is likely that the form occurring in Peninsular Malaysia represents G. tylopus sensu stricto based on the comparison of specimens from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah = type locality (see Fig 6 in [201]). We did not perform any NJ analysis for G. tylopus as the DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia are too short for comparison with other barcodes. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11], Tasik Chini [43], Tasik Bera Forest Reserve [56]; Selangor: Bukit Lanjan [40], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [53, 54], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gua Musang [62]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [111]. G. tylopus is a lowland forest inhabitant but has been recorded in hill forest [11, 14, 23]. Individuals have been found roosting in small groups in internodes of dead and broken bamboo, and sometimes in rock crevices and banana leaves, occasionally with Tylonycteris species [11, 14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["199. Dobson GE. Descriptions of new or little known species of bats. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London; 1875. pp. 470 - 474.","191. Dobson GE. Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera and catalogue of the species of bats in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1876; 18 (4): 266 - 268.","200. Csorba G. A new species of Glischropus from the Indochinese Subregion (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zootaxa. 2011; 2925 (1): 41 - 48.","201. Csorba G, Gorfol T, Wiantoro S, Kingston T, Bates PJ, Huang JCC. Thumb-pads up-a new species of thick-thumbed bat from Sumatra (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Glischropus). Zootaxa. 2015; 3980 (2): 267 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3980.2.7 PMID: 26249952","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","53. Heller KG, Volleth M. Taxonomic position of \" Pipistrellus societatis \" Hill, 1972 and the karyological characteristics of the genus Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J Zoolog Syst Evol Res. 1984; 22 (1): 65 - 77.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969."]}

Murina huttoni [Peters, 1872] Harpyiocephalus huttonii Peters, 1872: 257; Dehra Dun, Kumaon, northwest INDIA (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 1879.11.21.685) [195]. Murina huttoni [23]. Common English name: Hutton’s Tube-nosed Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes of M. huttoni are associated with three BINs, BOLD: AAC 6107, BOLD: AAC 6108 and BOLD: AAC 6109, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Remarks: Francis and Eger [33] commented that M. huttoni may be the only Murina species that occurs in both Peninsular Malaysia and Indo-Burma after M. peninsularis was separated from M. cyclotis. The large divergence among the DNA barcodes in our NJ tree suggest that M. huttoni is also a species complex (S7 Fig). Simmons [98] recognises two subspecies: M. h. huttoni. (type locality: India) and M. h rubella (type locality: Fokien, China). Whether the M. huttoni in Peninsular Malaysia represents either of these subspecies remains to be determined [33]. Recorded at: Pahang: Gunong Benom in Krau Wildlife Reserve [23]. The only specimens of M. huttoni from Peninsular Malaysia was trapped at 1400 m [23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["195. Peters W. Mitteilung uber neue Flederthiere. Monatsberichteder Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin; 1872. pp. 256 - 264.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","33. Francis CM, Eger JL. A review of tube-nosed bats (Murina) from Laos with a description of two new species. Acta Chiropt. 2012; 14 (1): 15 - 38.","98. Simmons NB. Order chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; 2005. pp. 312 - 529."]}

Cynopterus cf. brachyotis FOREST. Cynopterusbrachyotis FOREST [64]. Cynopterus JLE sp. A Francis et al. [4] (and as in BOLD). Common English name: Forest Short-nosed Fruit Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAA 9308 (19 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 2) IUCN status: As C. brachyotis: Least Concern Remarks: The FOREST form is smaller than the SUNDA form with an average forearm length of less than 63 mm and is confined to primary and mature secondary forests [11, 14, 64]. See the remarks on C. cf. brachyotis SUNDA. Recorded at: Confirmed records of “FOREST” (see above): Selangor: Ulu Gombak [5]; Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [64]; Johor: Endau Rompin [64]; Perlis: Perlis State Park and Kuala Perlis [64]; Kelantan: Gua Musang [64], Perak: Taiping [64], Gunung Stong State Park [67]; Melaka: Unspecified [68]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir and Temenggor Lake [69]. C. cf. brachyotis FOREST is generally restricted to primary and mature secondary forests [11, 14, 64] and has not been reported from disturbed habitats [65]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 8, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","5. Sing KW, Syaripuddin K, Wilson JJ. Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the Field Study Centre in 1965. Raffles Bull Zool S. 2013; 29: 211 - 217.","67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628.","68. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Nor-Zalipah M, Kaviarasu M, Pan KA, Yusof MO, et al. Surveys of bats at selected sites in Melaka Forest Reserves, Peninsular Malaysia. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Muhamad A, Yusof WKW, Latiff A, editors. Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 1 - 2 April 2009 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2009. pp. 265 - 270.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","65. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Zubaid A, Adnan AM, Kunz TH. Morphological and ecological correlates of coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). J Mamma. 2007 Feb 28; 88 (1): 105 - 18."]}

Emballonura monticola Temminck, 1838 Emballonura monticola Temminck, 1838: 25, pl. 2; Mountain Munara, Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [82]. Common English name: Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AAX7646 (2 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 3) IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41], Pulau Tioman [23], Tasik Chini [43]; Terengganu: Pulau Redang [23]; Johor: Pulau Aur [23], Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Selangor: Bukit Lanjan [40], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [52 – 54]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45]; Perak: Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47]; Kelantan: Gua Musang [62]. E. monticola is confined to forest and roosts in small groups of two to 20 individuals, normally in shallow caves, rock crevices, hollowed logs, the buttresses of fallen trunks and overhanging earth banks [11, 14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["82. Temminck CJ. Monographies de mammalogie. Tome 2. Leiden and Paris; 1837 - 1841. 392 pp.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","43. Lim BL, Hussein NA, Ratnam L. A study of the vertebrate fauna in the Tasek Chini Nature Reserve, Pahang in relation to land use. Mal Nat J. 1999; 53 (3): 217 - 238.","56. Mohd-Hanif RM, Nur-Aida MT, Zahirunisa AR, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Abdullah MT. Contribution of regenerated forest in conservation of bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2015; 27 (4): 506 - 16.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","40. Ratnam L, Anan S, Muda H. Studies on a Collection of Bats. Journal of Wildlife and Parks, 1989; 8: 9 - 16.","51. Lim BL, Majid RA, Norsham Y. Studies on the mammal fauna of Bukit Kutu Wildlife reserve, Hulu Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 1 - 6.","52. Medway L. The Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre. Malayan Scientist. 1966; 2: 1 - 6.","54. Heller KG, Volleth MA. Fledermause aus Malaysia. 1. Beobachtungen zur Biologie, Morphologie und Taxonomie. Senckenb Biol. 1989; 69 (4 - 6): 243 - 76.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Kerivoula krauensis Francis, Kingston and Zubaid, 2007 Kerivoula krauensis Francis, Kingston and Zubaid, 2007: 3; Kuala Lompat, Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, MALAYSIA, 3&ring; 43’ N 102&ring; 10’ E (Charles M. Francis, collector; BM(NH) 1999.294) [2]. Common English name: Krau Woolly Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAI 8031 (1 DNA barcode from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 6) IUCN status: Data Deficient. This species is vulnerable to the rapid loss of lowland rainforest [14]. Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [2, 14]; Terengganu: Sekayu Recreational Forest [172]. K. krauensis has been recorded in primary lowland dipterocarp forest [2] and its roosting ecology remains unknown though it has not been recorded in caves [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["2. Francis CM, Kingston T, Zubaid A. A new species of Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Acta Chiropt. 2007; 9 (1): 1 - 2.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","172. Struebig MJ, Huang JC, Mohamed NZ, Noerfahmy S, Schoner CR, Schoner MG, et al. Forest surveys extend the range of the Krau woolly bat (Kerivoula krauensis) in the Malay-Thai Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra. Mammalia. 2016 Jan 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mammalia- 2015 - 0114"]}

Hipposideros doriae [Peters, 1871] Phyllorhina doriae Peters, 1871: 326; Sarawak, Borneo, MALAYSIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [129]. Hipposideros sabanus Thomas, 1898a: 243; Lawas, Northeast Sarawak, Borneo, MALAYSIA (A. H. Everett, collector; Type unknown) [130]. Hipposideros doriae [8]. Common English name: Least Roundleaf Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AAK5962 (1 DNA barcode from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 4) Remarks: H. sabanus is considered a junior synonym of H. doriae [11, 32, 125]. IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve, [11, 32], Genung Benom and Tasik Bera [32], Kemasul and Gunung Aais [100]; Perak: Maxwell Hill [32], Temenggor Lake [69], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [101]; Selangor: Ulu Gombak [32], Semangkok Forest Reserve [101]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61]; Terengganu: Tasik Kenyir [69]; Johor: Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Kedah: Bukit Hijau [100]. Recorded as H. sabanus at: Perak: Maxwell Hill [23], Temengor Forest Reserve [111]; Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [41]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Terengganu: Bukit Dendong [97]. H. doriae has been recorded in lowland and submontane forests up to 1500 m [11, 14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["129. Peters W. Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennasen, Rhinolophi. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin; 1871. pp. 301 - 332.","130. Thomas O. Description of a new bat from north Borneo. Annals Mag Nat Hist. 1898 a; 1: 243.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","11. Kingston T, Lim BL, Akbar Z. Bats of Krau wildlife reserve. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2006.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","125. Murray SW, Campbell P, Kingston T, Zubaid A, Francis CM, Kunz TH. Molecular phylogeny of hipposiderid bats from Southeast Asia and evidence of cryptic diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2012; 62 (2): 597 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.10.021 PMID: 22079552","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","69. Syaripuddin K, Kumar A, Sing KW, Halim MR, Nursyereen MN, Wilson JJ. Mercury accumulation in bats near hydroelectric reservoirs in Peninsular Malaysia. Ecotoxicology. 2014; 23 (7): 1164 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10646 - 014 - 1258 - y PMID: 24840106","101. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Rahman KA. Spatial effects of virgin jungle reserves (VJR) on the community of insectivorous bats in Peninsular Malaysia. J Trop For Sci. 2013; 25 (1): 118 - 130.","50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","111. Joann CL, Fletcher C, Salim HMW, Abdul-Rahman K, Harrison RD, Potts MD. Insectivorous bat assemblage in the hill dipterocarp forest of Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 2011; 63 (3): 569 - 576.","41. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia. 1993; 57 (2): 201 - 206.","45. Francis CM. Trophic structure of bat communities in the understorey of lowland dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia. J Trop Ecol. 1990; 6: 421 - 431.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","97. Yeap CA. A brief survey of Microchiropterans at Bukit Dendong and Bukit Keluang, Tembila, Terengganu Darul Iman. Mal Nat J. 2003; 56 (4): 397 - 401.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Rhinolophus convexus Csorba, 1997 Rhinolophus convexus Csorba, 1997: 343; Gunung Jasar, Tanah Rata, Cameron Highlands, Pahang State, MALAYSIA, 4&ring;28’ N, 101&ring; 22’ E, 1600m (G. Csorba and F. Zilahy, collector; HNHM 95.55.14) [158]. Common English name: Convex Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: There are no DNA barcodes recorded under this name on BOLD. IUCN status: Data Deficient; the uncertain status could be due to the rarity of this species with only three or four known specimens [159]. Recorded at: Pahang: Gunung Jasar at Tanah Rata in Cameron Highlands [158]. R. convexus is known only from upper montane rainforest with elevations of 1600 m and above in Peninsular Malaysia [14] and is possibly endemic to Malaysia [159]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 31, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["158. Csorba G. Description of a new species of Rhinolophus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Malaysia. J Mammal. 1997; 78 (2): 342 - 347.","159. Csorba G, Bumrungsri S, Francis CM, Gorfol T, Bates PJJ. Rhinolophus convexus; 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 16]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 40037 A 22060825 [Internet]. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 2. RLTS. T 40037 A 22060825. en","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Kerivoula minuta Miller, 1898 Kerivoula minuta Miller, 1898: 321; Lay Song Hong, Trang, south THAILAND (Dr. W. L. Abbott, collector; USNM 83547) [174]. Common English name: Least Woolly Bat Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAC 1298 (9 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 6) Remarks: DNA barcodes recorded as K. minuta are associated with six BINs, BOLD: AAC1296, BOLD:AAC1297, BOLD:AAC1298, BOLD:AAC1299, BOLD:ACF4510, and BOLD:ACF451 (Fig 6). Khan [175] reported 4.44% of divergence in cytochrome b mtDNA between K. minuta from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak) with no shared haplotypes. Our NJ analysis also showed a divergence between K. minuta from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Fig 6). The taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia represents K. minuta based on the type locality. IUCN status: Near Threatened Recorded at: Johor: Endau Rompin National Park (BM422-04 and ABRSS347-06 [4]), Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [100]; Selangor: Ulu Gombak and Hulu Langat [32]; Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve and Lakum [32], Kuala Atok, National Park [32, 44], Bukit Ibam, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Perak: Maxwell Hill [32], Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47], Royal Belum State Park [66]; Kedah: Bukit Hijau and Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [32, 57, 100]; Kelantan: Gua Musang [61, 62]; Negeri Sembilan: Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100]. K. minuta has been recorded in the understory of lowland forests and disturbed areas [14]. Kerivoulapapillosa and K. lenis. K. lenis iscloselyassociatedwith K. papillosa [9] butthe former has a smaller skull and smaller teeth, shorter muzzle and narrower palate [169, 176]. The two species are 10.85% divergent in cytochrome b mtDNA and possess unique karyotypic characters: K. papillosa has a diploid number of chromosomes = 38 and fundamental number = 54 whereas K. lenis has a diploid number of chromosomes = 38 and fundamental number = 52 [32, 175]. Analyses of COI mtDNA by Francis et al. [4] suggested that there are at least four distinct clusters among specimens recorded as K. papillosa and K. lenis. Douangboubpha et al. [170] reported that specimens from Thailand referred as K. papillosa represent five morphological forms but only three distinct clusters based on COI mtDNA analyses., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["174. Miller GS. List of bats collected by Dr. W. L. Abbot in Siam. In Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1898. pp. 316 - 325.","175. Khan FAA. Diversification of old world bats in Malaysia: an evolutionary and phylogeography hypothesis tested through the genetic species concept. M. Sc Thesis, Texas Tech University. 2008. Available from: http: // ir. unimas. my / 7517 / 1 / Diversification % 20 of % 20 Old % 20 World % 20 Bats % 20 in % 20 Malaysia % 20 An % 20 Evolutionary % 20 and % 20 Phylogeography % 20 (24 % 20 pages). pdf","4. Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, et al. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one. 2010 Sep 3. 5 (9): e 12575. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575 PMID: 20838635","100. Lim LS, Mohd-Adnan A, Zubaid A, Struebig MJ, Rossiter SJ. Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited. J Trop Ecol. 2014; 30 (02): 111 - 121.","32. Khan FAA, Vicki J, Solari S, Peter A, Ketol B, Marni W, et al. Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Occas Pap Tex Tech Univ Mus. 2008; Number 281.","44. Tingga RCT, Khan FA, Ridwan AM, Senawi J, Abdullah MT. Small Mammals from Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malays. 2012; 41 (6): 659 - 669.","46. Francis CM. The diversity of bats in Temengor Forest Reserve, Hulu Perak, Malaysia. Mal Nat J. 1995; 48: 403 - 408.","47. Shahfiz MA, Shahrul-Anuar MA, Kaviarasu M, Fauzi MZ, Rizal MR. Preliminary checklist of mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia In: Mohamed AL, Krishnapillay DB, Kasim Z, Khushairi ZA, Ismail NI, Rezan EFN, Sadali A, Mohammad MS, Hassan MN, Aznan ARY, editors. Proceedings of the 2 nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012, 22 - 25 August 2013. Pulau Banding Foundation, Malaysia; 2013.","66. Shahfiz MA, Sahrul-Anuar MS, Zalipah MN, Nurul-Ain E, Pan KA, Muin MA, et al. Surveys of small mammals at selected sites in Royal Belum State Park. In: Rahman A, Koh HL, Mohd-Paiz K, Muhamad A, Latiff A, editors). Proceedings for Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, 3 - 5 August 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia; 2008. pp. 299 - 308.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43.","61. Hasan NH, Khan K, Senawi J, Ketol B, Sait I, Abdullah MT. A report on bats survey at Air Panas-Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Trop Biol Conserv. 2012; 9 (2): 156 - 162.","62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","169. Khan FA, Solari S, Swier VJ, Larsen PA, Abdullah MT, Baker RJ. Systematics of Malaysian woolly bats (Vespertilionidae: Kerivoula) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, karyotypic, and morphological data. J Mammal. 2010; 91 (5): 1058 - 1072.","176. Vanitharani J, Rajendran A, Bates PJJ, Harrison DL, Pearch MJ. A taxonomic reassessment of Kerivoula lenis Thomas, 1916 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) including a first record from peninsular India. Acta Chiropt. 2003; 5 (1): 49 - 60.","170. Douangboubpha B, Bumrungsri S, Satasook C, Wanna W, Soisook P, Bates PJ. Morphology, genetics and echolocation calls of the genus Kerivoula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Kerivoulinae) in Thailand. Mammalia. 2016; 80 (1): 21 - 47."]}

Chaerephon plicatus [Buchannan, 1800] Vespertilio plicatus Buchannan, 1800: 261, pl. 13; Bengal, INDIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [106]. Tadarida plicata [23]. Chaerephon plicata [6]. Chaerephon plicatus [98]. Common English name: Asian Wrinkle-lipped Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as C. plicatus are associated with the BIN, BOLD:AAK0536, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Remarks: C. plicatus is considered to be widespread across Peninsular Malaysia [23, 107] despite only a few published locality records [107]. There are no specimens deposited in the DWNP collection. The identity of specimens in the Institute of Medical Research, Malaysia, collection labelled as C. plicatus could not be confirmed due to the damaged band above head which distinguishes C. plicatus from C. johorensis. C. plicatus closely resembles Mops mops but is distinguishable by having five teeth in each upper jaw including extra small anterior upper premolars whereas M. mops has only four teeth in the upper jaw [14, 23, 74]. Such subtle differences may be difficult to use as identification characteristics in the field for live specimens and consequently may explain the lack of recent records for C. plicatus in Peninsular Malaysia. There are abundant records for the species in Thailand and Myanmar [107]. Recorded at: Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]. C. plicatus roosts in large, densely packed colonies and has been reported roosting in buildings [14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 16, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["106. Buchannan F. Description of the Vespertilio plicatus. Transaction Linn Soc Lond. 1800; 5: 261 - 263.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","6. Nowak RM. Walker's bats of the world. Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994.","98. Simmons NB. Order chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; 2005. pp. 312 - 529.","107. Csorba G, Bumrungsri S, Francis CM, Bates P, Ong P. et al. Chaerephon plicatus. 2014 [cited 2017 March 17]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e. T 4316 A 67361960 [Internet]. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2014 - 3. RLTS. T 4316 A 67361960. en","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008.","74. Boonsong L, McNeely JA. Mammals of Thailand. Association for the Conservation of Wildlife; 1977. pp. 758.","57. Norsham Y, Shariff F, Norhayati A, Nordin M, Lim BL. Pre-logging survey of mammal fauna at Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Forest Reserve, Kedah. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1999; 17: 28 - 43."]}

Rhinolophus marshalli Thonglongya, 1973 Rhinolophus marshalli Thonglongya, 1973: 590; foothills of Khao Soi Duo, Amphoe Pong Nam Ron, Chantthaburi, southeast THAILAND (Joe T. Marshall Jr. and Wandee Nong Ngok, collectors; TNRC 54–1669) [165]. Common English name: Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as R. marshalli are associated with two BINs, BOLD: AAE 7426; BOLD: ABZ 6523, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: Perlis: Guar Jentik [166]. R. marshalli has been recorded in lowland and hill forests at elevation of 800 m, roosting in limestone caves [14]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 33, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["165. Thonglongya K. First record of Rhinolophus paradoxolophus from Thailand. Mammalia. 1973; 37: 587 - 597.","166. Zubaid A, Davison GWH. Rhinolophus marshalli, a new horshoe bat recorded from Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malays. 1988; 17 (3): 367 - 368.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Nyctalus noctula [Schreber, 1774] (?) Vespertilios noctula Schreber, 1774: 166, pl. 52; FRANCE (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [202]. Nyctalus noctula [8]. Common English name: Eurasian Noctule Barcode Index Number: DNA barcodes recorded as N. noctula are associated with BIN, BOLD: AAC 7411, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia. Remarks: Chasen [8] suggested that the species in Peninsular Malaysia may represents N. n. labiate = labiatus Hodgson, 1835 (type locality = Nepal) which also occurs in Pakistan and India [9]. N. n. labiatus is considered to be morphologically distinct from N. noctula and therefore, should be raised as a species [203]. The records of N. noctula from Peninsular Malaysia, if valid, may be referable to “labiatus” or “plancyi” [203]. IUCN status: Least Concern Recorded at: There is only one record of N. noctula in this region which is an old skin dated 1838 purchased in Singapore [204] but its origin remains doubtful [23]. Based on the purchased skin, Dobson [204] included Peninsular Malaysia in the distribution range of N. noctula, which was followed by Corbet and Hill [9] and Medway [23]. We could not find recent records for the species although it is thought to occur in Peninsular Malaysia [1, 10]. We found two old records which reported two specimens of Nyctalus sp. in a National Park, Pahang [87] and Ulu Langat Forest Reserve, Selangor [88]. However, there are no specimens deposited in the DWNP collection. N. noctula roosts in tree hollows and forages high above canopy [14, 23]., Published as part of Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, pp. 1-65 in PLoS ONE 12 (7) on page 47, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179555, http://zenodo.org/record/4251352, {"references":["202. Schreber JC. Die Saugethiere. Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, vol 1. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. 1775.","8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940.","9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992.","203. Csorba G, Hutson AM. Nyctalus noctula; 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 16]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 14920 A 22015682 [Internet]. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 2. RLTS. T 14920 A 22015682. en.","204. Dobson GE. Catalogue of Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. London: Bristish Museum; 1878.","23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969.","1. Davison GW, Zubaid A. The status of mammalian biodiversity in Malaysia. Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia; 2007. pp. 3 - 27.","10. DWNP. Red list of mammals for Peninsular Malaysia. Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia; 2010.","87. Yatim SH, Baatu Z, Saaidun KA, Marzuki MI. Survey of mammals and bird species in six different habitats: mangrove, lowland dipterocarp, hill dipterocarp, upper dipterocarp, montane oak and montane ericaceous forest. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1985; 4: 65 - 91.","88. Yatim SH. A preliminary survey on inventory habitat and wildlife in the Ulu Langat Forest Reserve and Sungai Dusun Game Reserve. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1983; 2: 119 - 140.","14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008."]}

Background Over the past 50 years, Southeast Asia has suffered the greatest losses of biodiversity of any tropical region in the world. Malaysia is a biodiversity hotspot in the heart of Southeast Asia with roughly the same number of mammal species, three times the number of butterfly species, but only 4% of the land area of Australia. Consequently, in Malaysia, there is an urgent need for biodiversity monitoring and also public engagement with wildlife to raise awareness of biodiversity loss. Citizen science is “on the rise” globally and can make valuable contributions to long-term biodiversity monitoring, but perhaps more importantly, involving the general public in science projects can raise public awareness and promote engagement. Butterflies are often the focus of citizen science projects due to their charisma and familiarity and are particularly valuable “ambassadors” of biodiversity conservation for public outreach. New information Here we present the data from our citizen science project, the first “Peninsular Malaysia Butterfly Count”. Participants were asked to go outdoors on June 6, 2015, and (non-lethally) sample butterfly legs for species identification through DNA barcoding. Fifty-seven citizens responded to our adverts and registered to take part in the butterfly count with many registering on behalf of groups. Collectively the participants sampled 220 butterfly legs from 26 mostly urban and suburban sampling localities. These included our university campus, a highschool, several public parks and private residences. On the basis of 192 usable DNA barcodes, 43 species were sampled by the participants. The most sampled species was Appias olferna, followed by Junonia orithya and Zizina otis. Twenty-two species were only sampled once, five were only sampled twice, and four were only sampled three times. Three DNA barcodes could not be assigned species names. The sampled butterflies revealed that widely distributed, cosmopolitan species, often those recently arrived to the peninsula or with documented "invasive" potential, dominated the habitat types sampled by the participants. Data from this first Butterfly Count helps establish a baseline from which we can monitor the patterns and changes in butterfly communities in Peninsular Malaysia.