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Precise diagnostic biomarkers of anticitrullination protein antibody (ACPA)‐negative and early‐stage RA are still to be improved. We aimed to screen autoantibodies in ACPA‐negative patients and evaluated their diagnostic performance. The human genome‐wide protein arrays (HuProt arrays) were used to define specific autoantibodies from the sera of 182 RA patients and 261 disease and healthy controls. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0. In Phase I study, 51 out of 19,275 recombinant proteins covering the whole human genome were selected. In Phase II validation study, anti‐ANAPC15 (anaphase promoting complex subunit 15) exhibited 41.8% sensitivity and 91.5% specificity among total RA patients. There were five autoantibodies increased in ACPA‐negative RA, including anti‐ANAPC15, anti‐LSP1, anti‐APBB1, anti‐parathymosin, and anti‐UBL7. Anti‐parathymosin showed the highest prevalence of 46.2% (p = 0.016) in ACPA‐negative early stage (<2 years) RA. To further improve the diagnostic efficacy, a prediction model was constructed with 44 autoantibodies. With increased threshold for RA calling, the specificity of the model is 90.8%, while the sensitivity is 66.1% (87.8% in ACPA‐positive RA and 23.8% in ACPA‐negative RA) in independent testing patients. Therefore, HuProt arrays identified RA‐associated autoantibodies that might become possible diagnostic markers, especially in early stage ACPA‐negative RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of machining can be predicted during the design process of CNC machine tools, while the prediction accuracy depends on the prediction model. However, when establishing the prediction model, the coupling effect among the machine tool's different components is always ignored for modeling efficiency, so this will lead to its reliability cannot be guaranteed. To address this problem, the model reduction theory and the lumped parameter method are used in this study to set the state-space equations of the essential structural parts. Moreover, the electro-mechanical coupling parameter equation of the servo system is transformed into a state-space equation. Then the state-space equations of the components and the servo system are coupled to establish the machine tool dynamic model. Furthermore, a theoretical model of instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is found, and according to the linear relationship between the micro-cutting force and the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness, the instantaneous cutting force model of the cylindrical milling cutter is established. Based on these, the integrated model, which considers the mechanical structure, control system and cutting force, is obtained and further used in Simulink to build the machining accuracy prediction platform, as well as the accuracy of the integrated prediction model is verified. Moreover, the prediction model established by the integrated modeling method can effectively simulate the actual machining conditions of the machine tool, and the superiority of prediction is confirmed by comparing the simulated and measured results in peripheral milling applications. The results show the error in the system response efficiency is 14.8%, while the error in position accuracy and delay characteristics is less than 10%, the error between the predicted size of the prediction model and the actual size is within 28 μm, a minimum prediction error is 7 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the immune system's attack on one's own tissues which are highly diverse and diseases differ in severity, causing damage in virtually all human systems including connective tissue (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), neurological system (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and digestive system (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease). Historically, treatments normally include pain‐killing medication, anti‐inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressant drugs. However, given the above characteristics, treatment of autoimmune diseases has always been a challenge. Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone initially extracted and separated from Chinese medicine Artemisia annua L., which has a long history of curing malaria. Artemisinin's derivatives such as artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artemisitene, and so forth, are a family of artemisinins with antimalarial activity. Over the past decades, accumulating evidence have indicated the promising therapeutic potential of artemisinins in autoimmune diseases. Herein, we systematically summarized the research regarding the immunoregulatory properties of artemisinins including artemisinin and its derivatives, discussing their potential therapeutic viability toward major autoimmune diseases and the underlying mechanisms. This review will provide new directions for basic research and clinical translational medicine of artemisinins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rice OsBBX17 encodes a B‐box zinc finger transcription factor in which the N‐terminal B‐box structural domain interacts with OsMPK1. In addition, it directly binds to the G‐box of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7 promoters and represses their transcription.Under saline‐alkaline conditions, the expression of OsBBX17 was inhibited. Meanwhile, activation of the OsMPK1‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade pathway caused OsMPK1 to interact with OsBBX17 and phosphorylate OsBBX17 at the Thr‐95 site. It reduced OsBBX17 DNA‐binding activity and enhanced saline‐alkaline tolerance by deregulating transcriptional repression of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7.Genetic assays showed that the osbbx17‐KO had an excellent saline‐alkaline tolerance, whereas the opposite was in OsBBX17‐OE. In addition, overexpression of OsMPK1 significantly improved saline‐alkaline tolerance, but knockout of OsMPK1 caused an increased sensitivity. Further overexpression of OsBBX17 in the osmpk1‐KO caused extreme saline‐alkaline sensitivity, even a quick death.OsBBX17 was validated in saline‐alkaline tolerance from two independent aspects, transcriptional level and post‐translational protein modification, unveiling a mechanistic framework by which OsMPK1‐mediated phosphorylation of OsBBX17 regulates the transcription of OsHAK2 and OsHAK7 to enhance the Na+/K+ homeostasis, which partially explains light on the molecular mechanisms of rice responds to saline‐alkaline stress via B‐box transcription factors for the genetic engineering of saline‐alkaline tolerant crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]