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Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis Kular. & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF559350; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10620, FIGURE 4 Etymology:—referring to the host genus, Rhapis. Pathogenic, associated with leaf spots of Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) A. Henry, appearing as scattered, brown spots. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetes. Conidiomata 150–225 × 225–300 µm (x̅ = 200 × 280 µm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary, scattered, immersed, covered with transparent epidermal tissues, uniloculate, subglobose, black, ostiolate. Ostiole apapillate. Pycnidial wall 20–25 µm wide, consisting of 4–7 layers of brown, thick-walled, compressed cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduce to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 7–10 × 13–17 µm (x̅ = 9 × 15 µm, n = 20), phialidic, hyaline, smooth-walled, doliiform. Conidia 20–25 × 10–15 µm (x̅ = 22 × 13 µm, n = 20), oblong to obovoid, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, thin-walled. Colony characters— Colonies on PDA incubating at 25 °C in dark, attenuated 2 cm after 2 weeks, circular, flat, smooth margin, slightly raised in the middle, white, without pigments in the media; reverse off-white. Cultures not sporulate within 30 days. Material examined— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou city, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering (23°06’28.4”N 113°16’51.6”E), as leaf spots of Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae), 20 May 2021, N.D. Kularathnage, NDK 30-1 (ZHKU 21-0010, holotype), ex-type living culture ZHKUCC 21-0124; ibid. NDK 30-2, (ZHKU 22-0004, isotype), ex-type living culture ZHKUCC 22-0004. Disease Symptoms—Leaf-spots were observed on most of the leaves and mainly seen at the leaf margin and along the veins. The border of the spots was sometimes surrounded by a black line. Conidiomata were scattered in leaf-spots. Notes—The combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef- 1 α multilocus analysis showed that our Pseudocoleophoma strain, P. rhapidis is phylogenetically closely related to P. bauhiniae and P. flavescens. However, P. rhapidis forms a distinct subclade with moderate support, sister to P. bauhiniae. The comparison of the DNA sequence of ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef-1α loci of Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis with P. bauhiniae revealed base pair differences of 18/526, 5/859, 12/1026 and 72/928 respectively. Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis was collected from leaf spots on Rhapis excelsa while P. bauhiniae and P. flavescens were collected from decaying pods of Bauhinia sp. and soil of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) field respectively (Jayasiri et al. 2019, Li et al. 2020). Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis differs from P. bauhinia in having oblong, aguttulate, large conidia while P. bauhinia has elongate, guttulate, small conidia. Pseudocoleophoma flavescens has small conidiomata and small conidia while P. bauhinia has large conidiomata and conidia (TABLE 4). Our species is the first report of a Pseudocoleophoma species collected from China. Based on morphology and phylogeny, we introduce this strain as a new species, Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis. Pathogenicity tests for Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis The inoculated leaf tissues began to show symptoms ten days after inoculation. Initial symptoms were small, circular, brown spots that expanded slowly (FIGURE 5). None of the control plants showed any disease symptoms. Disease symptoms on the host inoculated with mycelial plugs appeared later than on leaves inoculated with a conidial suspension. Leaf spots on inoculated plants were smaller than on naturally infected plants. The temperature was 15–25 °C during the test with no rainfall. The pathogen was re-isolated from the leaf spots resulting from inoculation by both methods. The culture characteristics of the re-isolated strains were consistent with the inoculated strain and ITS sequences of those strains were identical to the inoculated strain, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Conidiomata similar to the holotype were observed in microscope examination of leaf spots., Published as part of Kularathnage, Nuwan D., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Senanayake, Indunil C., Yang, Yunhui, Manawasinghe, Ishara S., Phillips, Alan J. L., Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei & Song, Jiage, 2022, Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China, pp. 149-169 in Phytotaxa 568 (2) on pages 158-162, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7192811, {"references":["Barr, M. E. (1984) Herpotrichia and its segregates. Mycotaxon 20: 1 - 38.","Chen, C. Y. & Hsieh, W. H. (2004) Byssosphaeria and Herpotrichia from Taiwan, with notes on the taxonomic relationship between these two genera. Sydowia 56: 24 - 38.","Li, W. Y. & Zhuang, W. Y. (2008) Notes on the genus Byssosphaeria (Melanommataceae) from China. Mycosystema 27: 48 - 53.","Tennakoon, D. S., Jeewon, R., Chang-Hsin, K. & Hyde, K. D. (2018) Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius. Phytotaxa 364 (3): 211 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Phytotaxa. 364.3.1","Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bhat, D. J., Boonmee, S., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., McKenzie, E. H. C., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Shenoy, B. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Buyck, B., Chen, J., Chethana, K. W. T., Singtripop, C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Daranagama, D. A., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., D'souza, M. J., Fan, X. L., Goonasekara, I. D., Hirayama, K., Hongsanan, S., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Karunarathna, S. C., Li, W. J., Mapook, A., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K. L., Perera, R. H., Persoh, D., Pinruan, U., Senanayake, I. C., Somrithipol, S., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K. M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Udayanga, D., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wanasinghe, D., Wisitrassameewong, K., Zeng, X. Y., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Adamcik, S., Bahkali, A. H., Boonyuen, N., Bulgakov, T., Callac, P., Chomnunti, P., Greiner, K., Hashimoto, A., Hofstetter, V., Kang, J. C., Lewis, D., Li, X. H., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. Y., Matsumura, M., Mortimer, P. E., Rambold, G., Randrianjohany, E., Sato, G., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V., Tian, C. M., Verbeken, A., von Brackel, W., Wang, Y., Wen, T. C., Xu, J. C., Yan, J. Y., Zhao, R. L. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal Diversity Notes 1 - 110: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72: 1 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0324 - y","Barr, M. E. (1990) Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). In: North American Flora. Series (II). New York Botanical Garden, New York, 129 pp.","Tian, Q., Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Wanasinghe, D. N., Boonmee, S., Jayasiri, S. C., Luo, Z. L., Taylor, J. E., Phillips, A. J. L., Bhat, D. J., Li, W. J., Ariyawansa, H., Thambugala, K. M., Jones, E. B. G., Chomnunti, P., Bahkali, A. H., Xu, J. C. & Camporesi, E. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological reappraisal of Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). Fungal Diversity 74: 267 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0350 - 9","Samuels, G. J. & Muller, E. (1978) Life-history studies of Brazilian ascomycetes 4. Three species of Herpotricia and their pyrenochaetalike anamorphs. Sydowia 31: 157 - 168.","Jayasiri, S. C., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., Mckenzie, E., Jeewon, R., Phillips, A. J. L., Bhat, D. J., Wanasinghe, D. N., Liu, J. K., Lu, Y. Z., Kang, J. C., Xu, J. & Karunarathna, S. C. (2019) Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10 (1): 1 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 10 / 1 / 1","Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H. & Sato, G. (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2015.10.002","Phukhamsakda, C., McKenzie, E. H. C., Phillips, A. J. L., Jones, E. B. G., Bhat, D. J., Stadler, M., Bhunjun, C. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Thongbai, B., Camporesi, E., Ertz, D., Jayawardena, R. S., Perera, R. H., Ekanayake, A. H., Tibpromma, S., Doilom, M., Xu, J. C. & Hyde, K. D. (2020) Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Diversity 102: 1 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00448 - 4","Hyde, K. D., Hongsanan, S., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D. J., McKenzie, E. H. C., Jones, E. B. G., Phookamsak, R., Ariyawansa, H. A., Boonmee, S., Zhao, Q., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Banmai, S., Chomnunti, P., Cui, B. K., Daranagama, D. A., Das, K., Dayarathne, M. C., de Silva, N. I., Dissanayake, A. J., Doilom, M., Ekanayaka, A. H., Baptista, G. T., Goes-Neto, A., Huang, SK., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Konta, S., Lee, H. B., Li, W. J., Lin, C. G., Liu, J. K., Lu, Y. Z., Luo, Z. L., Manawasinghe, I. S., Manimohan, P., Mapook, A., Niskanen, T., Norphanphoun, C., Papizadeh, M., Perera, R. H., Phukhamsakda, C., Richter, C., de A. Santiago, A. L. C. M., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Senanayake, I. C., Tanaka, K., Tennakoon, D. S., Thambugala, K. M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Thongbai, B., Vizzini, A., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wu, HX., Yang, J., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Bulgakov, T. S., Camporesi, E., Bahkali, A. H., Amoozegar, M. A., Araujo-Neta, L. S., Ammirati, J. F., Baghela, A., Bhatt, R. P., Bojantchev, D., Buyck, B., da Silva, G. A., de Lima, C. L. F., de Oliveira, R. J. V., de Souza, C. A. F., Dai, Y. C., Dima, B., Duong, T. T., Ercole, E., Mafalda-Freire, F., Ghosh, A., Hashimoto, A., Kamolhan, S., Kang, J. C., Karunarathna, S. C., Kirk, P. M., Kytovuori, I., Lantieri, A., Liimatainen, K., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, X. Z., Lucking, R., Medardi, G., Mortimer, P. E., Nguyen, T. T. T., Promputtha, I., Anil Raj, K. N., Reck, M. A., Lumyong, S., Shahzadeh-Fazeli, S. A., Stadler, M., Soudi, M. R., Su, H. Y., Takahashi, T., Tangthirasunun, N., Uniyal, P., Wang, Y., Wen, T. C., Xu, J. C., Zhang, Z. K., Zhao, Y. C., Zhou, J. L. & Zhu, L. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367 - 500: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 80: 1 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 016 - 0373 - x","Tennakoon, D. S., Bhat, D. J., Chang-Hsin, K. & Hyde, K. D. (2019) Leaf litter saprobic Dictyosporiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes): Pseudocoleophoma zingiberacearum sp. nov. from Hedychium coronarium. Kavaka 53: 1 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.36460 / Kavaka / 53 / 2019 / 1 - 7"]}

Hyphocapnodia Z. H. Lu & Maharachch., gen. nov. MycoBank number: MB 845348 Etymology: The name reflects the hyphomycetous morph phylogenetically related to Capnodium Saprobic on living and decaying branches. Sexual morph: not observed. Asexual morph: on the natural substrate, colonies effuse, hairy, black. Mycelium immersed and superficial, forming dark brown conidiomata. Conidiomata synnematous, erect, subcylindrical, dark brown to black, with conidiogenous cells distributed mostly laterally, mainly towards the upper half of the synnemata. Conidiophores macronematous, simple, dark brown. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, cylindrical, integrated, determinate, and smooth. Conidia subcylindrical to fusiform, brown, transversely septate, conidial secession schizolytic. Type species: Hyphocapnodia sichuanensis Z. H. Lu, Wanas., Madrid & Maharachch., sp. nov., Published as part of Lu, Zheng-Hua, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Madrid, Hugo & Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., 2022, Hyphocapnodia sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Capnodiaceae), a novel hyphomycete from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 84-94 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7077869

Hyphocapnodia sichuanensis Z. H. Lu, Wanas., Madrid & Maharachch., sp. nov. FIG 2. MycoBank number: MB 845350 Etymology: Named after Sichuan Province where it was collected Saprobic on living and decaying branches of an unidentified bamboo. Sexual morph: not observed. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous. Colonies on the natural substrate effuse, hairy, black, developing on the upper side of branches of the host. Mycelium immersed and superficial, forming dark brown stromata. Conidiomata synnematous, erect, subcylindrical, dark brown to black, 980–1500 µm tall, 15.5–24 µm wide at the apex, 30–50 µm wide at the base, with conidiogenous cells distributed mostly towards the upper half of the synnemata. Conidiophores macronematous, simple, dark brown, smooth to verruculose 900–1300 × 2–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells mostly lateral, monoblastic, (sub)cylindrical, integrated, determinate, smooth, 2–5 × 2–4 µm. Conidia subcylindrical to fusiform, straight to slightly curved or sigmoid, dark brown, verrucose, with an obtuse apex and a truncate base, dark brown at maturity, 38.5–51 × 10–15 µm (x̅ = 44 × 11.9 µm), with up to 8 transverse septa, conidial secession schizolytic. Germination occurs from the apical cell of the conidia. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA slow growing reaching 2 cm diam. in 3 weeks, irregular, superficial to erumpent, black, raised centrally and wrinkled, with an undulate margin, reverse black. Material examined: CHINA, Sichuan Province, Chengdu city, Bai Yun Gou, on dead branches of Bambusaceae, 27 September 2021, 30°47.52′ N, 103°24.19′ E, elev.: 990 m. Lu Z-H, HUEST 22.0031 (HKAS 124021, holotype), ex-type living culture CGMCC 3.23573 = UESTCC 22.0031. Notes: In BLASTn searches with the ITS sequence of this fungus, the closest hits were Polychaeton citri (strain CBS 116435, GenBank OM238161; Identities = 568 / 596 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), Conidiocarpus caucasicus (voucher UBCF23755, GenBank KF263962; Identities = 535 / 564 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), and Capnodium sp. (strain TMS - 2011, GenBank HQ631045; Identities = 532 / 563 (94 %), 8 gaps (1 %)). Based on morphology and sequence data, Hyphocapnodia is clearly distinct from the other members of the Capnodiaceae. In vitro, this fungus showed a remarkably different morphology, characterized by the absence of synnemata and micronematous conidiophores giving rise to conidia 55–132 × 9–16 µm (x̅ = 89.9 × 12.5 µm, n =16), which often appeared sinuous and showed up to 14 septa (mostly 5–10). Hyphocapnodia morphologically resembles Phaeoisaria (Pleurotheciaceae), Dokmaia (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis) and Neosporidesmium (Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis) with its unbranched conidiophores forming distinct synnematal conidiomata (De Hoog & Papendorf 1976, Promputtha et al. 2003, Verma et al. 2021). However, these genera are phylogenetically distant from our new genus.The new genus has relatively close phylogenetic proximity to the Capnodium species. However, the asexual of these genera is distinct. Hyphocapnodia has synnematal conidiomata, whereas Capnodium is characterized by pycnidial conidiomata (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020). The species of Capnodiaceae are morphologically diverse; however, the genus Hyphocapnodia can be clearly distinguished from other genera in Capnodiaceae., Published as part of Lu, Zheng-Hua, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Madrid, Hugo & Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., 2022, Hyphocapnodia sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Capnodiaceae), a novel hyphomycete from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 84-94 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on pages 90-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7077869, {"references":["De Hoog, G. S. & Papendorf, M. C. (1976) The genus Phaeoisaria. Persoonia 8: 407 - 414.","Promputtha, I., Hyde, K. D., Lumyong, P., McKenzie, E. H. C & Lumyong, S. (2003) Dokmaia monthadangii gen. et sp. nov., a synnematous anamorphic fungus on Manglietia garrettii. Sydowia 55: 99 - 103.","Verma, R. K., Prasher, I. B., Gautam, A. K., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Kumar, A. & Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F. (2021) Neosporidesmium himachalense sp. nov. from India and Neosporidesmina gen. nov. to accommodate N. micheliae. Mycotaxon 136: 587 - 595. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 136.587","Abdollahzadeh, J., Groenewald, J. Z., Coetzee, M. P., Wingfield, M. J. & Crous, P. W. (2020) Evolution of lifestyles in Capnodiales. Studies in Mycology 95: 381 - 414. http: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2020.02.004"]}

Madagascaromyces cannae Y.X. Zhang, J.W. Chen & Manawas. sp. nov. (FIGURE 2) Index Fungorµm number: IF 559623 Facesoffungi number: FoF 10814 Etymology: Epithet refers to the host genus from which the fungus was isolated Holotype: ZHKU 220029 Associated with leaf spot of Canna indica. Sexual morph: not observed. Asexual morph: Conidiophores (18–)20– 40(–78) × 2–4(–5) µm (x = 31 × 3 µm, n = 50), 0–4 septate, pale brown. Conidiogenous cells (4–)7–15(–20) × (2–)4–5 µm (x = 10 × 4 µm, n = 50), pale brown, terminal and lateral. Conidia (17–)30–50(–70) × 3–5 µm (n = 50), pale brown, clavate, guttulate, apex subobtuse, base long obconically subtruncate, 0–3(–6) septa (5 septa not observed), the septa are slightly constricted, some are slightly curved. Spermatogonia forming on OA, 510–770 × 540–770 µm (x = 648 × 653 µm, n = 20), black dots, semi-immersed, globose. Spermatia 2.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 µm (x = 3 × 2 µm, n = 50), smooth, nearly cylindrical. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on MEA reaching 27 mm diam after one month, flourishes aerial mycelium and smooth, surface white-grey; reverse dark green. Colonies on OA reaching 25 mm diam after one month at 25 ˚C, spreading with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, surface Brown, reverse olivaceous-grey. Material examined: CHINA, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu National Wetland Park, on fresh leaves of Canna indica, 4 October 2021, Jieying Lin, (dried culture ZHKU 220029 holotype; ZHKU 220030, ZHKU 220031 paratype), living cultures ZHKUCC 220038, ex-type; ZHKUCC 220039, ZHKUCC 220040 ex-paratype. Notes: Three isolates obtained in the present study clustered with Madagascaromyces species in the phylogenetic analysis (FIGURE 1). Our isolate differs from Madagascaromyces intermedius by the size of the conidia and the number of septa (TABLE 3). Madagascaromyces intermedius develop conidia with 1–8 septa, while our isolate Madagascaromyces cannae has 0–6 septa (5 septa not observed), mostly 0–3 septa. Conidia sizes of our isolate (22–45 × 4 µm) are shorter and wider than Madagascaromyces intermedius [(35–)50–75(–100) × (2.5–)3 µm]. Based on a polyphasic approach, M. intermedius is identified as a new species., Published as part of Chen, Jingwen, Manawasinghe, Ishara S., Lin, Jieying, Lin, Yanhong, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N. & Zhang, Yunxia, 2022, Madagascaromyces cannae sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Canna indica (Cannaceae) from Guangdong, China, pp. 53-64 in Phytotaxa 561 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7052843

A survey of microfungi in the mountain areas of Uzbekistan revealed several specimens of cucurbitaria-like taxa. In this paper, one new species of Cucurbitaria is described based on a polyphasic approach, including morphological examination and molecular phylogeny. We compared the sexual morph (ascomata, asci, and ascospores) of the specimens collected with known species of Cucurbitaria and carried out multi loci (LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1-α) phylogenetic analyses. Cucurbitaria berberidicola sp. nov. is morphologically closely related to Cucurbitaria berberidis (the generic type) and C. oromediterranea. The sequence-based analyses verified a clear distinction, hence supporting the introduction of the new species.

Industrial soil contamination negatively affects flora and fauna in the soil. Nevertheless, some fungi have the ability to survive in such polluted soils. In this study, we isolated fungal strains from polluted soils in industrialized areas of Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. Fungal strains underwent morphological observations, subjected to phylogenetic analyses and subsequently described using morphological characterizations and multigene phylogenetic inferences. The molecular data of partial nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (LSU, SSU and ITS) and protein-coding genes (tef1-α, rpb2 and btub) were used to resolve the phylogeny of newly generated sequences. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were constructed to clarify phylogenetic affinities. Based on the biphasic approach of incorporating morphology and molecular data, we introduce one new species, Juxtiphoma yunnanensis sp. nov. (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales), two new records viz. Lecanicillium dimorphum (J.D. Chen) Zare & W. Gams (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier (Microascaceae, Microascales) inhabit polluted soils in China.

Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva Aluth., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF 558817; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10528, FIGURE 2. Etymology: khanzada-kirgizbaeva (Lat.) in honour of Uzbekistan mycologist Dr. Khanzada Kirgizbaeva (1937-2007) for her contribution in studying aquatic microfungi of Uzbekistan. Saprobic on unknown hosts in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata 170–450 μm high × 150–400 μm diam. (x̅ = 226 × 259 μm, n = 10), scattered to gregarious, immersed, dark brown to black, surrounded by a small blackened pseudoclypeus, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostioles 120–140 μm high × 20–30 μm wide (x̅ = 130 × 25 μm, n = 5), slit-like, central, with a reduced crest and a pore-like opening. Peridium 35–80 μm wide (x̅ = 54 μm, n = 20), wider at the apex, and thinner at the base, composed of two strata, outer stratum comprising several layers of dark brown to black, somewhat flattened cells of textura angularis, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues, inner stratum comprising several layers with lightly pigmented cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 1–1.5 μm wide, septate, branched, pseudoparaphyses, situated between and above the asci. Asci 80–150 × 10–18 μm (x̅ = 113 × 15 μm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a long pedicel, rounded at the apex. Ascospores 15–25 × 6–8μm (x̅ = 22 × 7 μm, n = 50), uniseriate to bi-seriate, overlapping, initially hyaline and turning dark brown at maturity, fusiform with narrow rounded ends at immature state and turns ellipsoidal at maturity, 1–3 septate, constricted at the septum, widest at the region above or below the central septum, smooth-walled, guttulate, with mucilaginous sheath present in immature ascospores. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: Uzbekistan, Jizzakh Region, Zaamin District, Zaamin National Nature Park, Supa Plateau in the Turkestan ridge of Pamir-Alay Mountains, on a dead branch of Rosa sp., 15 July 2019, Yusufjon Gafforov, YGZ75-1_1 (TASM 6158, holotype); ibid. on a dead stem of Rosa sp., YG-Z75-1_2 (TASM 6164, paratype). Notes: Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva (TASM 6158) is phylogenetically closest to L. paramacrostomum (MFLUCC 11-0463). Our strain L. khanzada-kirgizbaeva (TASM 6158) composed of globose to subglobose ascomata while L. paramacrostomum (MFLUCC 11-0463) composed of subglobose to conical ascomata (Thambugala et al. 2015). Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva (TASM 6158) consists of 1–3 septate, fusiform, hyaline ascospores, which turn ellipsoidal and dark brown at maturity. Lophiostoma paramacrostomum (MFLUCC 11-0463) is characterized by 1-septate, hyaline, fusiform ascospores with narrow, acute ends. The phylogenetic analysis of combined SSU, ITS, LSU, tef 1-α, rpb 2 sequence data of Lophiostomataceae species revealed our strain Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva (TASM 6158) within the Lophiostoma clade with good statistical support (97% ML-BS/0.91 BI-PP, FIGURE 1). Hence, confirming Lophiostoma khanzada-kirgizbaeva (TASM 6158) as a new species.

Paucispora xishanensis Aluth., Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF 558818; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10529; FIGURE 3. Etymology: The epithet reflects the district where the specimen was collected. Saprobic on dead twigs of an unknown host. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–340 μm high, 370–400 μm diam. (x̅ = 291 × 379 μm, n = 10), scattered to gregarious, immersed to semi-immersed, papilla erumpent through host surface, conical, flattened at the base, uni-loculate, coriaceous, black, ostiolate. Ostioles 120–140 μm high × 40–50 μm wide (x̅ = 131 × 44 μm, n = 5), slit-like, central, with a crest-like apex, broadly papillate, with a pore-like opening, filled with hyaline periphyses. Peridium 20–60 μm wide (x̅ = 39 μm, n = 20) at sides, wider at the apex, and thinner at the base, multi-layered, composed of 10–12 layers, outer layers composed of dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, indistinguishable from the host tissues, inner layer composed of hyaline cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1.2–1.7 µm (x̅ = 1.4 µm, n = 30) wide, composed with numerous dense, filiform, transversely septate, branched, anastomosing, cellular pseudoparaphyses situated between and above the asci, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 60–90 × 9–13 μm (x̅ = 77×11 μm, n = 30), 2–4-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 16–22 × 7–9 μm (x̅ = 20 × 8 μm, n = 50), uniseriate, partially overlapping, initially hyaline and turn dark brown at maturity, except pale end cells, ellipsoidal, straight, 1–3 septate, constricted at the central septum, widest at the region above or below the central septum, smooth-walled, guttulate, lacking a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: Xishan, Kunming, Yunnan, China, Woody litter of unknown host plant, 19 July 2019. DN Wanasinghe, DW1344-4_1 (HKAS 115905, holotype); ibid. DW1344-4_2 (HKAS 115906, paratype) Notes: In our phylogenetic analysis, Paucispora xishanensis (HKAS 115905) groups basal to P. versicolor (MAFF 244508). Paucispora xishanensis (HKAS 115905) is morphologically similar to P. versicolor (MAFF 244508) and P. kunmingense (MFLU 17-0558). However, P. xishanensis (HKAS 115905) has depressed conical-shaped ascomata while P. versicolor (MAFF 244508) consists of globose to subglobose ascomata (Hirayama et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2015) and P. kunmingense (MFLU 17-0558) consists of globose to depressed globose ascomata (Hyde et al. 2017). Paucispora xishanensis (HKAS 115905) and P. versicolor (MAFF 244508) both consist of 2-4 spored asci (Hirayama et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2015), while P. kunmingense (MFLU 17-0558) consists of 4-spored asci (Hyde et al. 2017). Paucispora xishanensis (HKAS 115905) consists of initially hyaline ascospores, which turn dark brown at maturity, while P. versicolor (MAFF 244508) consists of brown to reddish-brown ascospores (Hirayama et al. 2014; Thambugala et al. 2015) and P. kunmingense (MFLU 17-0558) consists of hyaline ascospores (Hyde et al. 2017). In addition, the multilocus phylogenetic analyses also confirmed the phylogenetic placement of Paucispora xishanensis isolates HKAS 115905 and HKAS 115906 within the Paucispora clade as a phylogenetically distinct species with good statistical support (100 % ML-BS/1.00 BI-PP) (FIGURE 1)., Published as part of Aluthmuhandiram, Janith V. S., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Gafforov, Yusufjon, Saichana, Natsaran, Li, Xing Hong, Yan, Jiye & Mamarakhimov, Oybek M., 2022, Lophiostomataceae (Dothideomycetes): Introducing Lophiostoma khanzadakirgizbaeva sp. nov. and Paucispora xishanensis sp. nov., pp. 247-262 in Phytotaxa 559 (3) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7021719, {"references":["Hirayama, K., Hashimoto, A. & Tanaka, K. (2014) A new species, Lophiostoma versicolor, from Japan (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Mycosphere 5: 411 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 5 / 3 / 3","Thambugala, K. M., Hyde, K. D., Tanaka, K., Tian, Q., Wanasinghe, D. N., Ariyawansa, H. A., Jayasiri, S. C., Boonmee, S., Camporesi, E., Hashimoto, A., Hirayama, K., Schumacher, R. K., Promputtha, I. & Liu, Z. Y. (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Lophiostomataceae, Floricolaceae, and Amorosiaceae fam. nov. Fungal Diversity 74: 199 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0348 - 3","Hyde, K. D., Norphanphoun, C., Abreu, V. P., Bazzicalupo, A., Thilini Chethana, K. W., Clericuzio, M., Dayarathne, M. C., Dissanayake, A. J., Ekanayaka, A. H., He, M. - Q., Hongsanan, S., Huang, S. - K., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Karunarathna, A., Konta, S., Kusan, I., Lee, H., Li, J., Lin, C. - G., Liu, N. - G., Lu, Y. - Z., Luo, Z. - L., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Perera, R. H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Siedlecki, I., Soares, A. M., Tennakoon, D. S., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Xiao, Y. - P., Yang, J., Zeng, X. - Y., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Li, W. - J., Senanayake, I. C., Shang, Q. - J., Daranagama, D. A., de Silva, N. I., Thambugala, K. M., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Bahkali, A. H., Berbee, M. L., Boonmee, S., Bhat, D. J., Bulgakov, T. S., Buyck, B., Camporesi, E., CastanedaRuiz, R. F., Chomnunti, P., Doilom, M., Dovana, F., Gibertoni, T. B., Jadan, M., Jeewon, R., Jones, E. B. G., Kang, J. - C., Karunarathna, S. C., Lim, Y. W., Liu, J. - K., Liu, Z. - Y., Plautz, H. L., Lumyong, S., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Matocec, N., McKenzie, E. H. C., Mesic, A., Miller, D., Pawlowska, J., Pereira, O. L., Promputtha, I., Romero, A. I., Ryvarden, L., Su, H. - Y., Suetrong, S., Tkalcec, Z., Vizzini, A., Wen, T. - C., Wisitrassameewong, K., Wrzosek, M., Xu, J. - C., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. - L. & Mortimer, P. E. (2017) Fungal diversity notes 603 - 708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species. Fungal Diversity 87: 1 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 017 - 0391 - 3"]}

Dothidea kunmingensis Y. Gao, Gentekaki E & Monkai, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF558766; Facesoffungi numbers: FoF 09911; FIGURE 2 Etymology: Named after the location, Kunming from where the holotype was collected. Holotype: HKAS 112234 Saprobic on dead twigs of Jasminum nudiflorum (Oleaceae). Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 70–115 × 41–74 µm (x̅ = 89 × 57 μm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary, immersed, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, unilocular, without an ostiole. Conidiomata wall 10–15 µm thick, 2–3 layered, comprising dark brown to black cells of textura angularis to textura globosa. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–6 × 4–5 µm (x̅ = 5.4 × 4.4 µm, n = 25), enteroblastic, phialidic, single, discrete, determinate, doliiform to ampulliform or subcylindrical, hyaline, arising from conidiomata wall. Conidia 8.5–12.5 × 8–12 µm (x̅ = 9.9 × 9.3 µm, n = 25), one-celled, subglobose to ovoid, hyaline to pale-brown, smooth, thick-walled. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 h and germ tubes developing from both ends. Colonies on PDA reaching 22 mm in 2 weeks at 25–27 °C, gelatinous, circular, with irregular edge, white to pale yellow from above and reverse, becoming dark in the center after one week. Mycelium superficial to immersed in media, with branched, septate, smooth, hyphae, releasing conidia in a pale brown, slimy, globose, glistening mass. Sporulated after two weeks. Conidiomata, pycnidial, globose, brown, semi-immersed on PDA. Conidiogenous cells 4.7–6.4 × 3.9–4.8 µm (x̅ = 5.5 × 4.6 µm, n = 25), enteroblastic, phialidic, discrete, ampulliform to doliiform, hyaline, smooth-walled, arising from basal stratum. Conidia 4.2–5.1× 2.6–3.5 µm (x̅ = 4.7 × 3.2 µm, n = 25), one-celled, subglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid, hyaline to pale brown, guttulate, smooth, thick-walled. Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Kunming Botanical Garden, (25°8.19'N, 102°44.25'E), dead twigs of Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., 24 August 2020, Ying Gao (HKAS 112234, holotype), ex-type living culture, KUMCC 21-0083. Note: Phylogeny of a concatenated SSU-LSU-ITS- tub 2- tef 1-α sequence dataset depicts Dothidea kunmingensis as a sister taxon of D. eucalypti with 70 % ML and 1.00 PP statistical support (Fig. 1). Dothidea eucalypti was introduced by Crous et al. (2017b) and isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus dalrympleana (Myrtaceae) in New South Wales, Australia. Morphologically, Dothidea kunmingensis has comparatively shorter conidia (4.2–5.1 µm) to those of D. eucalypti (7–12 µm; Crous et al. 2017b). Furthermore, the conidia of Dothidea kunmingensis are subglobose to ellipsoid and pale-brown, whereas D. eucalypti has subcylindrical and hyaline conidia (Crous et al. 2017b). Dothidea kunmingensis differs from D. eucalypti in 28/494 bp of ITS (5.7 %, without gaps) and 10/910 bp of LSU (1.1 %, without gaps) confirming that the two are different species (Jeewon & Hyde 2016).

Cucurbitaria berberidicola Appad., Gafforov, Abdurazakov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Mycobank number: MB838444; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09890, FIGURE 2. Etymology: Refers to the host genus Berberis. Holotype: TASM 6153 FIGURE. Cucurbitaria berberidicola (TASM 6153, holotype). a���c. Ascomata on substrate. d. Horizontal section of an ascoma. e. Vertical section of ascoma. f. Setae. g. Pseudoparaphyses. h. Asci embedded in pseudoparaphyses. i. Pedicel of an ascus. j. Ascus tip showing ocular chamber. k���n. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1000 ��m, b = 500 ��m, c= 500 ��m, d = 500 ��m, e = 100 ��m, f = 100 ��m, g = 10 ��m, h = 50 ��m, i���n = 20 ��m. Saprobic on dead stems of Berberis intermedia. Sexual morph: Ascomata 300���500 ��m high �� 300���480 ��m diam. (x�� = 360 �� 358 ��m, n = 5), solitary, gregarious, confluent, uniloculate, superficial, erumpent, subglobose to turbinate or pulvinate, sometimes laterally fused, black, setae on surface. Setae up to 90 ��m long, 7 ��m wide at the base, dark brown, septate with rounded ends. Peridium 96���173 ��m (x�� = 133 ��m, n = 10) wide at base, 55���105 ��m (x�� = 74 ��m, n = 10) at sides, thickest at the base which often considerably elongated, outer most layer narrow, dark brown to black, opaque, warted, middle layer brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis to textura globulosa, inner layer composed pale brown to hyaline, flattened, cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2���3 ��m (x�� = 2.4 ��m, n = 20) wide, filamentous, hyaline, septate, branched, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 140���200 �� 16���24 ��m (x�� = 170 �� 21 ��m, n = 20), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical, short pedicellate, apex rounded with a narrow ocular chamber. Ascospores 28���38 �� 15���18 ��m (x�� = 33.5 �� 16.5 ��m, n = 40), overlapping uniseriate, mostly ellipsoidal, muriform, with 8���12 transverse septa, 3���4 longitudinal septa, constricted at the middle transverse septum, not constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, brown to dark brown at maturity, ends rounded to subacute. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam. after four weeks at 20 ��C, circular, rough margin, dirty white from above, reverse dirty green, margin white, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled. Known distribution: Berberis intermedia, Uzbekistan. Material examined: Uzbekistan, Jizzakh Region, Zaamin District, Zaamin National Nature Park, Turkestan range of Pamir-Alay Mountains, Uriklisay river, dead stems of Berberis intermedia (Berberidaceae), 15 July 2019, Y. Gafforov & A. Abdurazakov, YG-Z70-1 (TASM 6153, holotype; HKAS 111925, isotype), ex-isotype living culture KUMCC 20-0253. Notes: Cucurbitaria berberidicola resembles C. berberidis in its asci and ascospore characteristics (Doilom et al. 2013). Cucurbitaria berberidicola differs from C. berberidis in having less crowded ascomata which bear setae, less-warted peridium, narrower peridium base (with the widest area reaching 173 ��m compared to 420 ��m), and up to 12 transverse septa on its ascospores (TABLE 3). Cucurbitaria berberidicola also resembles Cucurbitaria oromediterranea but differs in the ascomatal and ascal morphology (Jaklitsch et al. 2018). Cucurbitaria berberidicola bear setae on the ascomata, are less crowded and can be solitary in their distribution. Cucurbitaria berberidicola also has smaller and smoother surface ascomata, smaller peridium at the base, at the sides, and slightly shorter asci (TABLE 3), which lacks a knob-like structure at the base of the ascus stipe. TABLE. Synopsis of Cucurbitaria berberidis, C. oromediterranea and C. berberidicola. 1 Doilom et al. (2013) 2 Mirza (1968) 3 Jaklitsch et al. (2018) From our multi-loci phylogenetic analyses C. berberidicola positioned basal to C. oromediterranea and C. berberidis, with 98% MLBS / 100% MPBS / 1.00 BYPP bootstrap support (Figure 1). Pairwise comparisons between C. berberidicola and the ex-type strain of C. berberidis (CBS 130007) showed 3.2% (15/468), 0.25% (2/799), 8.34% (89/1067) and, 3.2% (23/718) base pair differences for ITS, LSU, rpb 2 and tef 1-�� sequences, respectively.There are also 2.77% (13/468), 0.25% (2/799), 8.34% (89/1067) and 3.06% (22/718) base pair differences between C. berberidicola and ex-type strain of C. oromediterranea (CBS 142399) for ITS, LSU, rpb 2 and tef 1-�� sequences, respectively., Published as part of Appadoo, Mich��e A., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Gafforov, Yusufjon, Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Abdurazakov, Aziz, Hyde, Kevin D. & Li, Qirui, 2021, Morphological and phylogenetic insights reveal Cucurbitaria berberidicola (Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporales) as a new species from Uzbekistan, pp. 1-13 in Phytotaxa 518 (1) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5447957, {"references":["Doilom, M., Liu, J. K., Jaklitsch, W. M., Ariyawansa, H., Wijayawardene, N. N., Chukeatirote, E., Zhang, M., McKenzie, E. H. C., Geml, J., Voglmayr, H. & Hyde, K. D. (2013) An outline of the family Cucurbitariaceae. Sydowia 65: 167 - 192.","Jaklitsch, W. M., Checa, J., Blanco, M. N., Olariaga, I., Tello, S. & Voglmayr, H. (2018) A preliminary account of the Cucurbitariaceae. Studies in Mycology 90: 71 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2017.11.002","Mirza, F. (1968) Taxonomic investigations on the ascomycetous genus Cucurbitaria S. F. Gray. Nova Hedwigia 16: 161 - 21."]}

Juxtiphoma yunnanensis Yasanthika, G.C. Ren & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF558129, Facesoffungi number: FoF09617, FIGURE 4. Etymology—The specific epithet “ yunnanensis ” refers to Yunnan Province (China), where the species was collected. Holotype — HKAS 107656 Culture characteristics:— Colonies on PDA reach to 4–6 cm diam. after 21 days at 25 °C, becoming flattened with irregular to lobate margins. Mycelium have a cottony to wooly surface, center is smoke grey to olivaceous grey becoming pale brown to brownish yellow at margin; reverse dark grey to black at the centre, with pale brown to brownish yellow at the edge. Hyphae 2–5 μm wide, aerial to semi-immersed and branched, hyaline aseptate, immature hyphae become pale brown septate when mature. Chlamydospores produced from mature hyphae, terminal or intercalary, solitary, or in simple or branched chains, barrel-shaped, globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal to elongated, pale brown to brown, becoming 2–8 guttulate when mature, 4–11 × 3–7 µm (x̄ = 7 × 5 μm, n = 20). Material examined:— China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, 25.047865N 102.721724 E, industrial wastecontaminated soil, 16 December 2019, G.C. Ren (HKAS 107656, holotype); ex-type living culture, KUMCC 20- 0227. Known hosts and substrates:— Soil Known distribution:— China GenBank Accession No:— ITS: MW 600334, LSU: MW 587029, btub: MW 602383, rpb 2: MW 603001. Notes:— Juxtiphoma is a poorly studied genus with only two species viz. J. eupyrena and J. kolkmaniorum (Species Fungorum 2021). Juxtiphoma eupyrena has dark green colonies becoming black due to chlamydospore formation on Oatmeal Agar (OA), while J. kolkmaniorum has an isabelline to olivaceous colony. Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (KUMCC 20-0227) has smoke grey to olivaceous grey colonies becoming pale brown to brownish yellow at the margin on PDA. Both J. kolkmaniorum and J. eupyrena have conidia-bearing pycnidia on cultures in OA (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018, Hou et al. 2020). However, we did not see any pycnidial formation of Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (KUMCC 20-0227) colonies in PDA. Nevertheless, Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (KUMCC 20-0227) has abundant chlamydospores formation on PDA culture, which is a common character to Juxtiphoma (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018, Hou et al. 2020). The combined phylogenetic analysis (ITS-LSU- btub -rpb 2) indicates that our new strain constitutes a distant lineage from Juxtiphoma eupyrena and J. kolkmaniorum with 99% ML, 1.00 BYPP statistical support (FIGURE 1). We introduce this novel lineage as Juxtiphoma yunnanensis sp. nov., which was isolated from industrial waste-contaminated soil in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.