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After the oil field enters the high water content period, the oil–water mixed fluid in the mixing system will gradually change into the water-in-oil mixed fluid, while the dissolved CO2 causes the pH value of the mixed fluid to decrease. There is also a certain amount of bacteria in the output fluid, with many factors leading to the intensification in the corrosion of the oil–water mixed system pipeline in the high water content period. To clarify its corrosion law, through the mixed transmission pipeline material, 20# carbon steel, in high water conditions under the action of different single factor dynamic corrosion rate experiments, along with the use of the SPSS method, were used to determine the corrosion of the main control factors. The results show that in the high water content period, the corrosion rate of the mixed pipeline 20# steel gradually increases with the increase in temperature pressure, CO2 partial pressure, SRB content, Ca2+ + Mg2+ content, and Cl− content. The corrosion rate with the CO2 partial pressure and SRB content changes show a strong multiplicative power relationship; with Ca2+ + Mg2+ content, Cl− content changes show a logarithmic relationship, the relationship degree R2 is above 0.98. Through SPSS data analysis software combined with experimental data for correlation degree analysis, it is concluded that the correlation magnitude relationship between each factor and corrosion rate is CO2 partial pressure > SRB content > Cl− content > Ca2+ + Mg2+ content > temperature pressure, which provides a theoretical basis for the corrosion protection of an oil gathering pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of biochar application on CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as the temperature response of CO2 emissions, a 1-year experiment was conducted with three treatments (control; CF, chemical fertilizer only; BCF, biochar combined with chemical fertilizer) in a vegetable field. The results showed that (1) compared with CF, short-term application of biochar significantly enhanced the cumulative CO2 emissions by 27.5% from a soil–plant system by increasing the soil microbial biomass (e.g., MBC) and C substrates (e.g., SOC); (2) lowest emissions of CH4 were observed in the BCF treatment, and an increase in CH4 consumption and reduced competition with NH4+ may be responsible for the significant reduction in CH4 source strength in biochar-amended soil; and (3) activation energy (Ea) was identified as an important factor influencing the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of CO2 emissions. Fertilization (CF and BCF) reduced the average Q10 and Ea values of CO2 emissions by 9.0–26.7% and 23.5–10.1%, respectively, relative to the control. In addition, the average Ea value in the BCF treatment (51.9 kJ mol−1) was significantly higher than those in the control and CF treatments. The increase in Q10 and Ea values following biochar application possibly contributed to the supplementation of limited labile C and nutrients but highly resistant C following biochar application. Soil pH and crop cultivation may play key roles in influencing the change in Ea. Our study concludes that biochar amendment increased CO2 emissions and temperature response of CO2 emission from the soil–plant system while reducing CH4 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Jasmonates (JAs) are important for pathogen resistance in many plants, but the role of these phytohormones in fungal pathogen resistance in rose is unclear. Here, we determined that exogenous application of methyl jasmonate increased resistance to the important fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Rosa chinensis 'Old blush', whereas silencing the JA biosynthetic pathway gene Allene Oxide Synthase (AOS) and JA co‐receptor gene CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) suppressed this response. Transcriptome profiling identified various MYB transcription factor genes that responded to both JA and B. cinerea treatment. Silencing Ri‐RcMYB84/Ri‐RcMYB123 increased the susceptibility of rose plants to B. cinerea and inhibited the protective effects of JA treatment, confirming the crucial roles of these genes in JA‐induced responses to B. cinerea. JAZ1, a key repressor of JA signaling, directly interacts with RcMYB84 and RcMYB123 to deplete their free pools. The JAZ1‐RcMYB84 complex binds to the RcMYB123 promoter via the CAACTG motifs to block its transcription. Upon JA treatment, the expression of RcMYB123 is de‐repressed, and free forms of RcMYB84 and RcMYB123 are released due to JAZ1 degradation, thereby activating the defense responses of plants to B. cinerea. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying JA‐induced pathogen resistance in roses. Significance Statement: This study provided a molecular link between B. cinerea infections and JA signaling, and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying JA‐induced pathogen resistance in rose plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the large error of power function fitting in traditional methods, a weighted normalization method based on effective reservoir thickness is proposed. It takes into account the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs and analyses the proportion of various reservoirs in small formations. The effective thickness of a single well is used to normalize the weights of different types of reservoir. The result is representative of the reservoir. Taking block Zhongqu 43 of Jianghan oilfield as an example, three normalization methods are compared. According to curve shape, characteristic parameters and data standard deviation, the new normalization method is reasonable and effective. It has the highest degree of fitting with the original curve. The new nor-malization method can qualitatively evaluate the production capacity of a single well and production potential of the block from the perspective of microscopic pore structure. It can provide guidance for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Flavonoids play critical roles in plant responses to various stresses. Few studies have been reported on what the mechanism of activating flavonoid biosynthesis in plant responses to wounding and oxidation is. In this study, flavonoid metabolites and many MYB transcript factors from Rosa rugosa were verified to be induced by wounding and oxidation. RrMYB5 and RrMYB10, which belong to PA1‐ and TT2‐type MYB TFs, respectively, showed extremely high induction. Overexpression of RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 resulted in an increased accumulation of proanthocyanidins in R. rugosa and tobacco by promoting the expression of flavonoid structural genes. Transcriptomic analysis of the transgenic plants showed that most genes, involved in wounding and oxidation response and ABA signalling modulation, were up‐regulated by the overexpression of RrMYB10, which was very much similar to that observed in RrANR and RrDFR overexpression transgenics. RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 physically interacted and mutually activated each other's expressions. They solely or synergistically activated the different sets of flavonoid pathway genes in a bHLH TF EGL3‐independent manner. Eventually, the accumulation of proanthocyanidins enhanced plant tolerance to wounding and oxidative stresses. Therefore, RrMYB5 and RrMYB10 regulated flavonoid synthesis in feedback loop responding to wounding and oxidation in R. rugosa. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis by MYB TFs and their essential physiological functions in plant responses to wounding and oxidative stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Seed germination is a fundamental process in the plant life cycle and is regulated by functionally opposing internal and external inputs. Here we explored the role of a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, a B‐box‐containing protein (BBX19), as a molecular link between the inhibitory action of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the promoting role of light in germination. We show that seeds of BBX19‐overexpressing lines, in contrast to those of BBX19 RNA interference lines, display ABA hypersensitivity, albeit independently of elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5). Moreover, we establish that BBX19 functions neither via perturbation of GA signaling, the ABA antagonistic phytohormone, nor through interference with the DELLA protein germination repressors. Rather, BBX19 functions as an inducer of ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) by binding to the light‐responsive GT1 motifs in the gene promoter. In summary, we identify BBX19 as a regulatory checkpoint, directing diverse developmental processes and tailoring adaptive responses to distinct endogenous and exogenous signals. Significance Statement: BBX19, a transcription factor with two B‐box motifs, is a suppressor of seed germination that functions as a checkpoint node that optimizes and tailors adaptive responses to distinct developmental and environmental inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]