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Conjugates of β-conglycinin and dextran were prepared by heating in solution under macromolecular crowding environment and dry-heating methods, and then fractionated by solubility at pH 4.8 and pH 6.5 and characterized. The results showed that the degree of glycation of the conjugates extracted from pH 4.8 were higher than the conjugates extracted from pH 6.5. Corresponding to the higher degree of glycation, it was supposed that the β-conglycinin of groups 4.8 of macromolecular crowding environment was completely surrounded by the dextran molecular while that of groups 6.5 were encircled partially with a lower degree of glycation. Compared to β-conglycinin, groups 4.8 demonstrated a decreasing surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl group content while groups 6.5 increased. The secondary structure of β-conglycinin soluble at pH 4.8 after conjugating under macromolecular crowding environment tended to stretch out and the highly ordered structure turn to random structures. The differences between the extraction of pH 4.8 and pH 6.5 conjugated by dry-heating methods were not as remarkable as the difference between the extraction conjugated by macromolecular crowding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A novel soy protein aggregate enriched with isoflavones (SPA-IS), a mixture of soy protein and isoflavones (Mix), isoflavones (IS), and the soy protein were obtained to investigate the preventive effects on osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid in Kunming mice. RESULTS: The serum osteocalcin levels in the Mix and SPA-IS groups decreased compared with the model group (mice showing retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis) (P < 0.05). The trabecular analysis results showed an increased preventive effect of the SPA-IS group over the Mix group, the IS group, and the soy protein group. The results of both left tibial maximum load and the 4th lumbar structural strength differ between the IS and the SPA-IS groups. CONCLUSION: The SPA-IS exhibited obvious oestrogenic activities on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis in Kunming mice compared toMix, IS, and soy protein. The results suggest that there is a potential use for SPA-IS in the treatment of osteoporosis induced by intake of retinoic acid. The improvement of bone indicators might be attributed to the formation of aggregate particles and the improvement of IS solubility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble glucomannogalactan was isolated from P. geesteranus fruit bodies by hot water extraction and column chromatography method. The structure, chain conformation and immune effect of PGP-1c (20.9 kDa) were investigated comprehensively based on high purity and neutral sugar content (94.7 ± 0.5%). Confirmed by monosaccharide composition, methylation and NMR analysis, PGP-1c was composed of unsubstituted (1,6- α -Gal and 1,6- α -3- O Me-Gal) and monosubstituted (1,2,6- α -Gal and 1,2,6- α -3- O Me-Gal) galactose units in the backbone through α -(1 → 6) glycosidic bonds and the possible branches that a long-branched chain composed of →3)-Glc-(1 → Man and a few fucoses were connected at the O -2 of galactose with a branching degree of 48%. Through the conformational behavior of the molecular chain, it was observed that PGP-1c might have a long-branched or stacked macromolecular network caused by O -CH 3 groups. Moreover, PGP-1c could promote the secretion of NO and cytokines significantly in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated a good immune-enhancing effect. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Nb-doped TiO 2 (NTO) films were fabricated on the ITO glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The effects of deposition temperature and film thickness on the microstructure and electrochromic property of NTO film were investigated. With the increase of deposition temperature, the crystallinity of NTO films is improved and the substitution rate from Ti4+ to Nb5+ is increased, leading to an enhancement of the film electrochromic properties. Additionally, the growth direction of NTO grains strongly depends on the film thickness. With increasing the film thickness, the grain growth changes from random to (004) plane orientation. Correspondingly, the surface morphology of NTO grains also have changed from "equiaxed structure" to "sheet structure". The NTO films composed of sheet-structured grains are porous. The porous structure is good for Li+ ions insertion/extraction. In this case, the NTO films have a higher electrochromic property. When the film thickness is 300 nm, the NTO films with sheet-structured grains have the optimal properties, which exhibit the precise independent spectral control over material transmittance in the visible (vis) and near-infrared (NIR) regimes. The optical contrast (ΔT%) is 30.73% in vis region and 39.72% in NIR region. The coloring and bleaching time are 35s and 8s, respectively. Moreover, the electrochemical property is still stable after 1000 cycles. • Nb-doped TiO 2 films (NTO) were fabricated by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. • With the increase of film thickness, the grain growth changes from random to (004) plane. • Its grains surface morphology are dependent evidently on the film thickness. • When NTO grains exhibit sheet structure, the electrochromic property of the film is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effects of four microelemental fertilizers not only on growth rates and sclerotia formation of mycelia, but also the yields, amino acids contents and mineral elements of fruit body from artificially cultivated Morchella conica . Results showed that Fe·EDDHA had the strongest promoting effect on the mycelia growth, sclerotia formation and resulted in the highest yield, while CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O resulted in an adverse effect. Fe·EDDHA, Nutriagent and ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, respectively, increased the yields of morel's fruit bodies by 63.4%, 59.9% and 25.9% when compared with that of the control, but the yield of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O group was reduced by 19.3%. The total amino acids contents of Fe·EDDHA, Nutriagent and ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O groups were also significantly increased. Six microelements (Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn and Mo) and six heavy metals (Ni, As, Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg) were assayed and the highest Fe content was found in the Fe·EDDHA group, 7.10 times higher than that of the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fermented soya milk (FSM) enriched with isoflavone aglycone ( FSM- SPIA) was prepared from heated soya protein isolate ( SPI)-isoflavone complex. After 48 h of fermentation, FSM- SPIA contained higher contents of living bacteria, free amino acids and aglycone compared with the FSM of SPI ( FSM- SPI) and the FSM of SPI-isoflavone complex ( FSM-Mix). In the in-vitro digestion experiment, FSM- SPIA showed higher antioxidant capacity and isoflavones ( ISO) bioavailability than FSM- SPI and FSM-Mix. This was likely due to the soya milk containing a higher level of amino acid, peptides and the presence of soya bean isoflavone. The improved protein digestibility, the interaction and binding ability between proteins and ISO may affect the properties of the protein and the fermented products. The FSM enriched with isoflavone aglycone can be used as a functional fermented drink, as well as an auxiliary food for menopausal women during a specific pathological period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two pectic polysaccharides DZM-A (5.1 kDa) and DZM-B (160.8 kDa) were obtained from durian peel for the first time. • The backbone of DZM-A was mainly composed of →4)- α - d -GalA-(1→ and four kinds of neutral sugar. • The backbone of DZM-B was mainly composed of →4)- α - d -GalA-(1→. • DZM-A had anticoagulant effect in vivo and vitro. Two novel pectic polysaccharides DZM-A (5.1 kDa) and DZM-B (160.8 kDa) were isolated from durian peel and purified by DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column. The structures of two polysaccharides were analyzed by infrared spectrum (IR), gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was deduced that DZM-A had a complicated main and branch chain with →4)- α - d -GalA-(1→, →5)- α - l -Ara f -(1→ and →4,2)- α - l -Rha-(1→, a small amount of galactose and glucose. The structure of DZM-B was mainly composed of →4)- α - d -GalA-(1→. DZM-A showed anticoagulant effects through endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways in vitro and in vivo. DZM-A could also regulate the content of ET-1 and eNOs, change the state of blood flow, and have anticoagulant effect in vivo. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to our previous research, the structure of pepsin-soluble undenatured type II collagen (SC II) was severely damaged after gastric digestion under pH 2.0, which might make it lose its biological activity. In the present study, the protective effects of guar gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG) and carrageenan (CG) on the gastric digestion of SC II under pH 2.0 were explored by in vitro simulated gastric digestion. Based on the results of sodium dodecyl sulfonate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), anionic polysaccharides including XG and CG improved the gastric digestive stability of SC II. After digestion, the content of SC II with intact structure in XG-SC II and CG-SC II group was 1.52–3.10 and 1.99–2.73 times of that in control group, while the protective effect of GG was limited (only 1.03–1.42 times). The results of rheology, ζ-potential, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and CD showed that, at the ratio of 0.1:1–0.2:1, CG could improve the thermal stability of SC II to protect it from degradation, while XG could form insoluble complexes with SC II and slightly prevent the binding of pepsin; at the ratio of 0.4:1–1.5:1, both CG and XG could form extensive insoluble complexes with SC II, which might hinder the binding of pepsin, and thus inhibited the gastric digestion of SC II. Therefore, through electrostatic interaction, a small amount of CG could have a great protective effect on the gastric digestion of SC II under pH 2.0, while XG required a higher dosage. [Display omitted] • XG and CG had significant protective effect on gastric digestion of SC Ⅱ under pH 2.0. • Low dosage of CG could improve the thermal stability of SC Ⅱ at pH 2.0. • High dosage of CG and XG could form a large number insoluble complexes with SC Ⅱ at pH 2.0. • The change of viscosity cannot reflect the protection of CG and XG on gastric digestion of SC II. • The interaction strength of SC Ⅱ with GG/XG/CG was related to their charge, MW and size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermo-responsive membrane, PVDF-g-PNIPAAm, was successfully prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of a thermo-responsive monomer, N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm). The effect of the mass ratio of PVDF membrane to NIPAAm monomer on ATRP was studied in detail. The grafting copolymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the NIPAAm was successfully grafted on the PVDF membrane, the membrane pores became smaller and the mass ratio 1:8 of PVDF membrane to NIPAAm was in favor of surface-initiated ATRP. The thermal stability of PVDF membrane and PVDF-g-PNIPAAm membranes was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Contact angles of membrane surface, water penetration and protein solution permeation were tested. Water contact angles of PVDF membrane reduced after the surface grafting of NIPAAm, which illuminated that the hydrophilicity of the grafted membrane was improved. The PVDF-g-PNIPAAm membranes exhibited good thermo-responsive permeability and antifouling property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mo-doped Li3Mo x V2−x (PO4)3/C (x =0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) are prepared through a fast sol–gel method. The X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are employed to characterize the prepared materials, and the evidences show that Mo element have been successfully incorporated into the Li3V2(PO4)3 lattice. The Li3Mo0.03V1.97(PO4)3/C composite exhibits the most excellent electrochemical performance among all the samples. In the potential range of 3.0–4.3V, Li3Mo0.03V1.97(PO4)3/C exhibits the discharge capacities of 125.0mAhg−1 and 122.8mAhg−1 at 5C and 10C rates, respectively. A capacity of 117.6mAhg−1 is still delivered at 20C rate after 150 cycles with a capacity retention of 93.6%. In addition, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test proves that the electronic conductivity of Li3Mo0.03V1.97(PO4)3/C is decreased, while the lithium ion conductivity is increased compared with the un-doped one. Based on above results, we conclude that the solid state diffusion of lithium ions is the rate-determining step of the extraction/insertion process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A fast sol–gel method based on spontaneous chemical reactions is developed to synthesize high performance Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material. The crystal structures, surface morphologies and electrochemical behaviors of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C samples sintered at different temperatures are investigated. In the potential range of 3.0–4.3V, the sample sintered at 750°C shows the highest discharge capacities of 127.9mAhg−1 and 124.0mAhg−1 at 1C and 5C rates after 100 cycles respectively. Furthermore, at 10C, 15C and 20C rates, the discharge capacities of the optimal Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite still retains 117.6mAhg−1, 114.9mAhg−1 and 83.6mAhg−1 in the 150th cycle respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement illustrates that the electrochemical behavior of the optimal sample almost has no change after 100 cycles at 5C rate, indicating the stable structure of the synthesized material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High-quality c-axis oriented CuCr1−x Mg x O2 (0≤ x ≤0.05) thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The Mg-doped CuCrO2 films can be obtained at lower substrate temperature compared to the pure CuCrO2 film. The growing rates of CuCr1−x Mg x O2 films deposited with different pulse energy densities are different; the different pulse energy densities result in different grain sizes on the surface of these CuCr1−x Mg x O2 films. The CuCr1−x Mg x O2 films with high transmittance for certain wavelength can be obtained by controlling the thicknesses of CuCr1−x Mg x O2 films. The maximal transmittance of CuCr1−x Mg x O2 films can reach 75% in the visible region. Optical transmission data of CuCr1−x Mg x O2 films indicate a direct band gap of 3.2eV. All the films behave as semiconductors. Upon doping with 5% Mg, the resistivity of CuCrO2 films decreases from 67 to 0.025Ωcm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes a pedestrian delay model suitable for signalized intersections in developing cities, on the basis of a field study conducted in Xi’an, China. The field study consisted of two parts: Part I involved only one crosswalk, and the signal cycle was divided into 13 subphases; Part II involved 13 crosswalks, but the signal cycles were only divided into green phases and non-green phases. It was found that pedestrian arrival rates were not uniform throughout cycles; pedestrians arriving during green phases might also receive delays; pedestrian signal non-compliance was so severe that delays were greatly reduced, but non-complying pedestrians might still receive delays; and for pedestrians walking different directions, though the relationships between average delay and arrival subphase were different, the overall average delays were almost the same. On the basis of the field study results, some assumptions are made about the relationship between average pedestrian delay and arrival subphase, and a new model is developed to estimate pedestrian delays at signalized intersections. The model is validated using the field data, and the validation results indicate that in Xi’an the new model provides much more accurate estimation than the existing models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Persistent injury and the following improper repair in bronchial epithelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and airway remodeling of asthma. E-cadherin (ECAD) has been shown to be involved in airway epithelium injury repair, but its underlying mechanisms to this process is poorly understood. Here, we describe a previously undetected function of ECAD in regulating the balance of EMT and MET during injury repair. Injury in mice and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) was induced by successive ozone stress for 4 days at 30 min per day. ECAD overexpression in HBECs was induced by stable transfection. EMT features, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) secretion, transcriptional repressor Snail expression, and β-catenin expression were assayed. Ozone exposure and then removal successfully induced airway epithelium injury repair during which EMT and MET occurred. The levels of TGF-β1 secretion and Snail expression increased in EMT process and decreased in MET process. While ECAD overexpression repressed EMT features; enhanced MET features; and decreased TGF-β1 secretion, Snail mRNA level, and β-catenin protein expression. Moreover, activating β-catenin blocked the effects of ECAD on EMT, MET and TGF-β1 signaling. Our results demonstrate that ECAD regulates the balance between EMT and MET, by preventing β-catenin to inhibit TGFβ1 and its target genes, and finally facilitates airway epithelia repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few reports on the biological activities of chaetoglobosin V b (Cha V b) (a cytochalasin alkaloid). In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Cha V b in the RAW264.7 cells stimulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS stimulation-induced oxidative stress (i.e. increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased expression of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was suppressed after a Cha V b treatment. Cha V b could significantly inhibit the upregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and protein induced by LPS whilst attenuating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- α , IL-6 and IL-1 β. Such antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were achieved through the TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathways (via suppressing the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK MAPK and translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit into nucleus), and the TRIF-dependent signaling pathways (via reducing IFN- β release without inhibiting interferon-regulated factor 3 (IRF3) and IRF7). At 25–100 μM (a concentration range with no cytotoxicity), Cha V b dose-dependently influenced SOD enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, and at 100 μM, likely exerted the greatest inhibition towards LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. • Chaetoglobosin V b (Cha V b) is a bioactive alkaloid from fungal metabolites. • Cha V b can inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. • Cha V b can exert its bioactivities via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. • TRIF-dependent signaling pathways is also activated by Cha V b via IFN- β. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Durio zibethinus Murr rind polysaccharide (DZMP) for constipation was studied. • DZMP was found to promote gut hormones associated to the intestinal peristalsis. • DZMP reversed the abnormal levels of SCFAs and gut flora in constipated SD rats. • A number of gut bacteria were discovered to be closely related to constipation. • DZMP is a safe and potential effective agent for treating constipation. The prevalence of constipation increases rapidly with the increased pressure of some people's life, which seriously affects the quality of life in related patients. In this study, the improvement of functional constipation by Durio zibethinus Murr rind polysaccharide (DZMP) and the effects of DZMP on intestinal microbiota were investigated in a constipation model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats established by loperamide hydrochloride. Results showed that DZMP at 200 mg/kg could significantly (P < 0.05) increase the intestinal transit rate, motilin, gastrin, substance P levels and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reduce the somatostatin levels and improve the gastrointestinal peristalsis of rats. Sequencing showed that the Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-group in the rats given 200 mg/kg DZMP (16.07%) was significantly higher than that of the model group (10.13%), while the Desulfovibrio was lower (2.99%) than that of the model group (4.19%). Principal co-ordinates analysis (PcoA) revealed a significant difference in intestinal microbiota composition between the model group and the high-dose DZMP group (200 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that DZMP has a regulatory effect of treating functional constipation and regulating intestinal flora in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Trelagliptin succinate increased glucose uptake in fat cells and Insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. • Trelagliptin succinate increased the content of GLUT4 in the outer membrane of fat cells. • Trelagliptin succinate decreased the content of extracellular FFA and Resistin. • Trelagliptin succinate promoted the expression of PI-3K, P-AKT, P-IRS-1, GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 insulin-resistant adipocytes. Trelagliptin inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl-4 (DPP-4) to treat type 2 diabetes and it may possess the potential to improve insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanism is not known. In this study, the effect of trelagliptin succinate in improving insulin resistance was investigated. The differentiation system of 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes was used to determine the content of adipokines and the content of GLUT4 in the outer membrane. The expression of AKT, P-AKT, IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes was determined by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that trelagliptin succinate increased the expression of AKT, P-AKT, IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 in the PI-3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway. These events promote the trans-membrane function of GLUT4 and concomitant glucose intake in adipocytes. In addition, the secretion of free fatty acids and resistin were decreased. In conclusion, our study suggested that trelagliptin succinate improved insulin resistance in adipocytes via regulation of PI-3K/AKT/GLUT4 insulin signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganoderma lucidum is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ganoderic acid A and D are the main bioactive components with anticancer effects in G. lucidum. To obtain the maximum content of two compounds from G. lucidum, a novel extraction method, an ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted method (ILUAE) was established. Ionic liquids (ILs) of different types and parameters, including the concentration of ILs, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, rotational speed, solid–liquid ratio, were optimized by the orthogonal experiment and variance analysis. Under these optimal conditions, the total extraction yield of the two compounds in G. lucidum was 3.31 mg/g, which is 36.21% higher than that of the traditional solvent extraction method. Subsequently, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to model the performance of the total extraction yield. The Levenberg–Marquardt back propagation algorithm with the sigmoid transfer function (logsig) at the hidden layer and a linear transfer function (purelin) at the output layer were used. Results showed that single hidden layer with 9 neurons presented the best values for the mean squared error (MSE) and the correlation coefficient (R), with respectively corresponding values of 0.09622 and 0.93332. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astragalin, isolated from flowers of Rosa chinensis Jacq., is a kind of flavonoid, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, analgesic, antibacterial, antiallergic, and antihepatotoxic effects. However, no studieson the procoagulant effect of astragalin have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the procoagulant activity of astragalin and its mechanism. Its procoagulant effect was investigated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen (FIB) in vitro, and a rat model established by heparin sodium was used to evaluate the mechanism for the procoagulant effect in vivo. The results showed that astragalin had good procoagulant effects compared with the control group in vitro. Compared with the model group in vivo, astragalin could shorten the coagulation time and significantly increase the number of platelets. Meanwhile, astragalin could significantly reduce the effectual time of PT and APTT and increase the content of FIB. The contents of 6-keto-PGF1α and eNOS significantly decreased. Astragalin could increase whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and packedcell volume (PCV). All of the above revealed that astragalin had good procoagulant effects by promoting the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active components of Malus pumila flowers on antioxidant and tyrosinase activity were investigated with the method of spectrum-effect relationship and knock-out. Some compounds were identified by UPLC-MS/MS method. The chemical fingerprints were established by HPLC and the activity of antioxidant and tyrosinase were assayed in vitro. Chromatographic peaks P34, P35, P39, P44, P45 and P49 were identified as phloridzin, hyperoside, astragalin, afzelin, quercetin and kaempferol by UPLC-MS/MS method. Hyperoside and kaempferol were identified in M. pumila flowers for the first time. When the concentration was 1 g/mL of sample (equivalent to raw material), the scavenging capacity of P35 (hyperoside) on DPPH free radicals were consistent with the spectrum-effect relationship. The scavenging capacity of P34 (phloridzin) and P45 (quercetin) on ABTS free radicals were consistent with the spectrum-effect relationship. The activation effect of P45 (quercetin) on tyrosinase was consistent with the spectrum-effect relationship. The inhibitory effect of P34 (phloridzin), P35 (hyperoside) on tyrosinase were consistent with the spectrum-effect relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel polysaccharide in Malus halliana Koehne, named MHP-W, was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. Structural features were identified by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatography (GC) and (1D & 2D) NMR Spectroscopy. Structural characterization showed that the molecular weight of MHP-W was 353 kDa composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.59: 0.15: 0.23: 0.25: 9.70. The existence of β -glycosidic bond between the sugar units was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The effects of MHP-W on active part thrombin time (APTT), protothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) were screened by a cell-based coagulation activity model. MHP-W could significantly shorten TT (p < 0.001) and increase FIB (p < 0.05) as compared with the control group. The results showed that MHP-W promoted bloodclotting through endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways as well as increasing fibrinogen content, which indicated that MHP-W had procoagulant activities in vitro. Image 1 • A novel polysaccharide was isolate and identified from Malus halliana Koehne. • The structure of polysaccharide was elucidated for the first time by various methods. • The effect of polysaccharide on ATPP, PT, TT and FIB was screened by the coagulation activity model in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel water soluble heteroglycan (PCp-I and PCp-II) with anti-A549 lung cancer cells activity were isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. Their average molecular weights were 2.721 × 104 and 2.850 × 104. PCp-I and PCp-II had the same monosaccharide composition, but their molar ratios were different. Based on methylation and NMR spectroscopy, the part structure of PCp-I was identified. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that PCp-I had an irregular porous structure and PCp-II was flaky and irregularly curved. The results of thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) showed that PCp-I and PCp-II had good thermal stability. Furthermore, PCp-I and PCp-II exhibited significant anti-A549 lung cancer cells activity (IC50 = 64.84 and 126.30 μM) in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The flowers of Malus pumila Mill (Rosaceae) is rich in resources, but lack of medicinal value research. Chemical constituents of the same family M. pumila have coagulatory activity. Considering the coagulatory activity could be beneficial for various cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this study is to evaluate coagulatory active constituents of M. pumila flowers.Methods: Chemical constituents of M. pumila flowers were isolated by various column chromatographies, and their coagulatory activity were evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) in vitro.Results: Nine compounds were isolated from M. pumila flowers, and identified as kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (3), phloridzin (4), kaempferol (5), phloretin (6), β-sitosterol (7), lupeol (8) and pyracanthoside (9). Compounds 1-9 were isolated from the flowers for the first time, compounds 1, 2 and 9 were isolated from the genus for the first time. Compound 2 could significantly shorten APTT, TT and PT, but significantly decrease the content of FIB. Compound 3 could shorten PT. Compound 4 could significantly shorten TT and PT, but significantly decrease the content of FIB. Compound 5 shortened APTT. Compound 6 and 7 could significantly shorten APTT and PT. Compound 9 was able to prolong TT and decrease the content of FIB, but shorten PT.Conclusions: Compounds 2-7 possessed significant procoagulant activity in vitro, compound 9 had anticoagulant activity in vitro, which showed coagulation potential of compounds from M. pumila flowers, as a new source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Biaryl Ketones via tert-Butyl Isocyanide Insertion" by Z. Chen and others, published in the periodical "Synlett" in 2014.