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The sea cucumber evolved to bear mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) that enables its elastic modulus to change by a factor of 10 within a few seconds. It does this by controlling the amount of chemical regulator released, which can subsequently form or break hydrogen bonds within the MCT. Although existing water-driven, self-operating, soft actuators have great potential for soft robotics, they remain fragile and slow; ergo, their range of application remains modest. Inspired by MCT, we introduce a programmable, powerful, and ultra-fast water-driven self-operating soft actuator exerting an actuation force of approximately 2 N with an actuation speed of approximately 3 s−1 in 80 °C water based on the dramatic stiffness alteration of bulk poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel. This actuator also exhibits outstanding robustness by preserving its original shape over multiple cycles of highly strained (300%) actuations under harsh environments. A simple modulation of cross-linker concentration with its dimensional adjustment enabled the precise tuning of not only the actuation force but also the actuation speed in a wide range. Thus, the soft robotic gripper was able to perform a myriad of intricate tasks such as capturing a fragile object, acting as a biomedical appliance, and closing a large wound with uniform appropriate forces.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of wheat flour as a natural and environmentally friendly material on the properties of water-based mud. Recently, many experiments have been conducted with various additives to improve the properties of drilling fluids. The effect of using wheat flour as a new additive to drilling fluid was studied to improve rheological and filtration properties. In the laboratory several samples of water-based mud were prepared, different concentrations of wheat flour from 1 wt% to 7 wt% were added to the mud and tested by using a Fann 35 viscometer, 140 Fann Mud balance, and an API LT-LP filter press. The results showed that adding 7 wt% of wheat flour was the optimal concentration. It was found that the apparent viscosity and yield point increased by 50% and 35%, respectively, when 7 wt% of wheat flour was added to the water-based drilling fluid. Likewise, the fluid loss rate was reduced by 25% when using the same concentration of wheat flour.

Although the increment the performance of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems by using the nanofluids as working fluids have gained the attention of researchers during the last two decades, there is still, a lack in the literature study associated to this application. This study contributes to the investigations and researches of applying the nanofluids to increase the performance of PVT collectors. A flat non-concentrating PVT collector has been designed, constructed and, outdoor tested in Karabuk University, Turkey. The considered working fluids in this study are multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and graphene nanoplatelets dispersed in water as a base fluid with a concentration of 0.5 wt.%. The experiments were run with a volume flow rate of 0.5 L per minute for the aforementioned nanofluids and distilled water (as a reference fluid). The study results have shown and revealed that the MWCNT-water nanofluid presented a better performance in terms of eletrical energetic efficiency compared to graphene nanoplatelets-water nanofluid and distilled water, while graphene nanoplatelets-water nanofluid revealed the highest thermal energetic efficiency. Moreover adding thermal unit to photovoltaic module enhanced the total energetic efficiency by 53.4% for distilled water, 57.2% for MWCNT-water, and 63.1% for graphene-water.

Al2O3 and TiO2 water based nanofluids were used in heat exchangers to enhance the nusselt number. Tests were performed at different flow rates ranging between 2 LPM and 4 LPM. Concentrations of nanoparticles were taken from 0.1% to 0.3% by volume. Shell & tube heat exchangers having 14 tubes and Double pipe heat exchanger were used. The enhancement in Nusselt number and Reynolds number for Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids and heat exchangers were determined and compared. It was found that the increment of Nusselt number was more for Al2O3 nanofluid as compared to TiO2 nanofluid for both heat exchangers.

This study reports a simple approach to prepare a nano-TiO2-Sb-Ni yellow ink-jet ink. Yellow pigments, in terms of their morphology and color appearance, were synthesized by changing Ni/Sb molar ratios and calcination temperatures. Moreover, the particle size of optimal nano-TiO2-Sb-Ni pigment controlled by CTAB and PVP in a co-precipitation process. TGA, spectrophotometry, and XRD were used to characterize the prepared nano-TiO2-Sb-Ni pigments. SEM and TEM were used to investigate the morphology and size of the prepared nano-pigments, respectively. Finally, the synthesized spherical nano-pigment had an average diameter of 65 nm was well dispersed in water. A general ink-jet printer printed the stable, homogenous nano-ceramic ink. Ultimately, the more yellow appearance could be obtained through increasing the number of printing runs.

The increasing demand for deeper drilling and more complicated wells fastens the way for improved drilling fluid (mud) technologies and promising additives. Several studies have shown numerous improvements in mud characteristics upon using ilmenite compared to the commonly used weighting materials. This study aims at investigating the removal of filter cake deposited by ilmenite water-based drilling fluid under harsh conditions using low-concentration (7.5 wt%) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chelating agent (HEDTA) to prevent iron precipitation during reaction. API filter press was used to conduct the filtration tests and generate the filter cake at a pressure ~ 300 psi and temperature ~ 250°F. Different sandstone cores of 2.5-in. diameter and 1-in. thickness were used to simulate the formation during filtration. Filtrate fluids were collected for 30 minutes as per API procedures and computerized tomography (CT) scan was used to characterize the cores with the deposited filter cakes. The filter cakes were soaked with HCl–chelate solution for six hours. Cores with the remaining filter cakes were CT scanned again. Effluent solutions resulting from the aforementioned soaking process were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze the dried filter cakes and remaining residue. CT scan and SEM-EDS showed two layers of the filter cake with different densities but similar elemental composition. Using 7.5 wt% of HCl can partially remove the filter cake generated by ilmenite water-based drilling fluids. Adding the chelate showed minimal impact on the filter cake removal-efficiency; however, it helped nullify the corrosion issues during the treatment. This study provides a step forward on the way to chemically remove ilmenite-based filter cake using low acid concentration and virtually overcome corrosion issues encountered while acidizing.

In the current study, an investigation possibility is introduced regarding the appearance of the so-called formation damage phenomenon in case of overbalanced drilling of compacted sandstones with water-based mud and the fracturing of the layers with water-based fracturing fluid. The results presented in the study are part of a series of experiments.

Background/Aim: To develop and validate an easy-to-use and cheap method capable of producing placebo from tap water for medicinal water efficacy trials. Patients and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups, medicinal water and tap water group. A single 20-minute-long treatment was performed in bathtubs. Patients were asked four times during the bath to tell if they were treated with medicinal water, tap water, or could not decide. Patients were scored, one point was given for each correct answer. Results: A total of 174 patients were enrolled. No significant differences were found either between the average scores or the answers of the two groups. Being familiar with the Harkány medicinal water did not influence the rate of correct answers either. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of changes of opinions between the two groups. Conclusion: The used method is appropriate for producing a validated placebo from tap water.

While drilling a well, drilling fluids incurs 15–18 per cent of the overall cost. While preparing a drilling fluid, there are three fundamental considerations. It should be simple to use, not too expensive, and it should be environmentally sustainable. The formulation of a mud system begins with the selection of a mud family that, according to the rock formations and drilling fluid properties, will be sufficient for drilling a well. In order to develop a drilling fluid, we experimented and used tamarind seed powder with bentonite and barite. With approximately 8 to 10 seeds in each pod, tamarind seeds contained in kernels or pods are around 3 to 6 in. long. The average weight of pod is around 0.064 g. In general, a complete grown tamarind tree produces around 175 to 250 kg of seed/kernel. The density of different samples with a mixture of bentonite, barite and tamarind seed powder ranging from 5 to 20 g was found using mud balance. Results show that average mud density received after five test runs of the experiment was 8.662 ppg which is good to be considered as a good drilling fluid.

Early diagnosis of cancer has become one of the effective ways to prevent and treat cancer. At present, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis based on nanosized iron oxide with no toxicity and excellent biocompatibility has attracted much attention. But the poor stability of magnetic fluid (MF) is becoming more and more prominent. In view of the poor stability of MF, the dodecanethiol-poly(methacrylic acid) (DDT-PMAA) as an outer shell was prepared for the MFs (Fe3O4@DDT-PMAA MF) to improve the stability. We also compared the amount of reactants, the ratio of reactants, and the reaction temperature, and finally screened out the best reaction conditions, so as to get more stable products. The stability of the system was studied by visual observation, stability index (I), and magnetic weight change. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4@DDT-PMAA can be stable for more than 60 days. The T 1 mapping image showed that the longitudinal relaxivity (r 1) value was 6.9 mM−1 s−1 (1.5 T, room temperature), which was higher than the commercial contrast agent SHU-555 (r 1 = 2.9 mM−1 s−1), but the transverse relaxivity (r 2) value accounted for 64.48% of the commercial contrast agent Feridex (r 2 = 67.8 mM−1 s−1, 1.5 T, room temperature) because the outermost layer was encapsulated by a polymer. In addition, the imaging effect was more vivid and there was almost no background interference of T 1- and T 2-weighted images in vivo, which indicated that the Fe3O4@DDT-PMAA MF exhibited excellent potential in MRI applications.

Water-based manufacturing processes are under development for greener manufacturing of lithium ion batteries but their environmental impacts are unclear with new introduced materials and a large consumption of deionized water. We report a life cycle assessment (LCA) study on the water-based manufacturing of the most popular NMC-graphite battery pack configured with 57 kWh capacity. A life cycle model has been developed based on experimental and mathematical studies of the water-based manufacturing processes. Per kg battery pack produced, the water-based manufacturing can reduce the manufacturing energy by 43% and lower the cradle-to-gate life cycle impacts by 0.6%∼88% over conventional battery manufacturing.

This investigation is based on the fabrication and characterization of nano-biocomposites made from natural resources like jute and soy seeds along with glutaraldehyde as curing agent. Water based soy resin was modified with different weight percentages of natural and organically modified nanoclay and applied as matrix along with jute to prepare the nanocomposites. Composites were degraded under soil burial condition and lost 60–75% of their original weight after 60 days. These composites were characterized from various aspects like thermal stability, mechanical testing and fire retardancy to ensure them to be used for end application like furniture, and automobile interiors.

We have designed and synthesized an SFC (solvatofluorochromism)/AIEE (aggregation-induced emission enhancement)-based fluorescence sensor TPE-(An-CHO)4 composed of an electron-donating tetraphenylethene (TPE) core and four electron-accepting anthraldehydes as peripheral units. TPE-(An-CHO)4 possesses both solvatofluorochromic properties and AIEE characteristics for detection of water over a wide range from low water content to high water content region in organic solvents. TPE-(An-CHO)4 showed a feeble fluorescence band at around 500 nm originating from the anthraldehyde units in absolute THF. The addition of water to the THF solution containing TPE-(An-CHO)4 caused red-shifts of the fluorescence band and changes in the fluorescence intensity. In the low water content region below 30 wt%, TPE-(An-CHO)4 exhibited a linear increase in the fluorescence intensity with a red-shift of the fluorescence band with the increase in the water content, that is, the positive solvatofluorochromic properties based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics due to increasing the solvent polarity. A broad fluorescence band at around 540 nm originating from the AIEE characteristics due to the restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) of the TPE core associated with the aggregate formation was enhanced and dominated the fluorescence spectra from the relatively low water content of 40 wt%. Indeed, the plots against the water fraction in the THF solutions for TPE-(An-CHO)4 indicated that the fluorescence intensity gradually and almost linearly increased with the increase in the water content over a wide range from 0 wt% to 90 wt%. In contrast, TPE-(An-CHO) composed of a TPE and an anthraldehyde unit exhibited AIEE characteristics in the high water content region over 80 wt%, although in the low water content region below 20 wt%, TPE-(An-CHO) showed positive solvatofluorochromic properties. The AIEE characteristics of TPE-(An-CHO)4 observed in the low water content region are attributed to the fact that the four anthraldehyde units lowered the solubility in organic solvents and water. This work reveals the solvatofluorochromic properties and the AIEE characteristics of donor–acceptor-type TPE–anthracene-based fluorescence sensors for water.

A new metal–organic framework (MOF) compound [Mn2(2,2′-bca)2(H2O)2]n (Mn-MOFs) was successfully synthesized by solvothermal method, and Mn-MOFs@Zn material was prepared by loading zinc phosphate onto Mn-MOFs by ball milling, then Mn-MOFs@Zn was added to the water-based acrylic paint to prepare Mn-MOFs@Zn@acrylic coating. The AC impedance test results showed Mn-MOFs@Zn@acrylic coating has higher corrosion inhibition performance and stability to mild steel when compared with blank coating. The impedance modulus of the blank coating in the low frequency region decreased by 90%, and the Rct showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing over time, the maximum Rct was only 303.8 Ω, which was only Mn-MOFs@Zn@acrylic coating one-seventh of the Rct value. The artificial scratch experiment showed that the Mn-MOFs@Zn@acrylic coating only slightly corrodes at the scratches, because Mn-MOFs@Zn material made the coating a self-repairing function and improved the durable anticorrosion performance of the acrylic coating.

This article is devoted to obtaining a water-coal suspension with new technological properties. The article describes the technology of obtaining a water-emulsion suspension with the help of the Uzgen coal basin of the Karadobo deposit in the Osh region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Briefly, it is conventionally classified as a specific liquid-phase composite material with broad functional and technological capabilities.

This article is devoted to obtaining a water-coal suspension with new technological properties. The development of the scientific and technical progress, the growth of the population and the improvement of its welfare led to the sudden increment of energy consumption, as a result, is the depletion of hydrocarbon raw materials. Therefore, by many foreign specialists, the beginning of XXI century is evaluated as the transition period in the development of the world power system. Accordingly, the tasks of power saving and ecological safety at work of power systems are urgent. The article describes the technology of obtaining a water-emulsion suspension with the help of the Uzgen coal basin of the Karadobo deposit in the Osh region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Briefly, it is relatively classified as a specific liquid-phase composite material with broad functional and technological capabilities.

Barite settling is one of the common drilling fluid issues encountered while drilling deep wells. In this study, the effect of perlite on the properties and stability of water-based drilling fluid was investigated. Perlite is an inexpensive additive used in different industrial applications such as bricks, concrete, thermal insulators, sludge absorbents, fillers, tiles, ruminants, and poultry. Perlite additive was also introduced to the oil industry in drilling applications as an effective fluid loss control agent to reduce the drilling fluid invasion into the formations. Perlite was added to the drilling fluid in various concentrations, ranging between 0 and 3.0 lb/bbl. The sag test was performed to assess the drilling fluid's stability under dynamic and static conditions at a temperature of 120/250 °F. Then, the impact of perlite on the properties of drilling fluid was assessed by measuring the density and pH at room temperature. While the rheological, viscoelastic, and filtration properties were evaluated at 250 °F. This study showed that an increase in perlite concentration, from 0 to 3 lb/bbl, slightly reduced the pH of the drilling mud; however, all of the values were within the acceptable pH range (9-11). In contrast, this concentration of perlite had an immeasurable impact on drilling fluid density. Perlite enhanced the drilling fluid's homogeneity and stability by reducing the dynamic and static sag factors, and 3.0 lb/bbl perlite was adequate to eliminate barite sag at a temperature up to 250 °F. Perlite was found to be effective in improving the rheological and viscoelastic properties. A significant enhancement of filtration properties was observed by the reduction in filtrate volume and filter cake thickness by 64 and 31%, respectively.

The quality of liquid semen with coconut water as diluent could be preserved up to 3 to 4 days during cold storage at 4 - 5oC. In this research, the successful insemination rate of coconut water-based diluent Boer goat liquid semen was observed to understand the application of coconut water as semen diluent. The materials used in this research were 5 to 7 months Viridis coconut water, liquid semen from 3 years old Boer buck, 30 does for acceptor, and Tris-aminomethane added with 10% egg yolk (EY) as a control diluent. The Boer semen was collected once a week by using artificial vagina, diluted and then stored before used for insemination. The insemination was done by using intra-cervical method at position 3, started with estrous synchronization by using 2 mL PGF2α. The research was conducted as experimental method under randomized group design with two treatments, that were Tris-aminomethane + 10% EY (P0) and coconut water + 10% EY (P1). All of the treatments were repeated for 15 times and the collected data were analyzed with Pearson’s chi square with Genstat 18 program. The observed variables include non-return rate and kidding rate. The results showed that the first non-return rate of P1 were 93.33% and in P0 were 73.33%, while the second non-return rate of P1 were 93.33% and in P0 were 80%. Furthermore, the kidding rate of P1 were 40% and P0 were 66.66%. The Pearson’s chi square analysis showed that there was no effect of coconut water as semen diluent to the kidding rate. The research concludes that the usage of coconut water as semen diluent did not affect the successful insemination rate of Boer goat.

Vannamei shrimp is a variety of shrimp that is very sensitive to changes in water quality, growth and life of vannamei shrimp which are directly affected by changes in temperature, salt content, dissolved oxygen, and pH (Hydrogen Potential) content in water. So far, vannamei shrimp cultivators know the quality of water by taking pond water samples with a certain period of time, uncertain natural conditions can make pond water quality change drastically if not maintained can inhibit growth or result in shrimp death.Making a monitoring system and controlling the quality of shrimp pond water using a water temperature sensor, salinity sensor, DO sensor and pH sensor installed on the Arduino Mega 2560 device, NodeMCU is used to receive and send data wirelessly, the system uses programming language c. This tool can be used to start the waterwheel automatically if it is within a certain threshold to maintain the temperature and dissolved oxygen in the pool water based on the value obtained from the sensor. The monitoring results obtained will be displayed to the user in real time through the interface and will be stored in the form of a text file on the storage media.

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of three water-based training on blood pressure (BP) in older women. A total of 57 participants were randomized into the following groups: (a) aerobic training (AT), (b) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to the use of resistive equipment (CTRE), and (c) concurrent training in which resistance training progresses to multiple sets (CTMS). The participants trained twice a week for 16 weeks. Systolic BP decreased from pretraining to after 8 weeks of training and, subsequently, to after 16 weeks of training (AT: −6.53 mmHg, CTRE: −10.45 mmHg, and CTMS: −10.73 mmHg). Diastolic BP decreased from pretraining to after 8 and 16 weeks of training (AT: −6.23 mmHg, CTRE: −4.61 mmHg, and CTMS: −6.19 mmHg). Furthermore, 16% of the AT participants, 23% of the CTRE participants, and 28.5% of the CTMS participants were no longer classified as hypertensive. Water-based aerobic and concurrent training are efficient nonpharmacological measures to reduce BP in older women.

This study synthesized the water-permeable and hydrophobic property of water-based polyurethane (WPU) and applied it to nylon fiber-based functional textiles. Specifically, poly-stearyl acrylate (PSA) homopolymers with different molecular weights were used as end-capping agents in the WPU to form water-based polyurethane with acrylate terminal (WPUA). In the WPUA process, dimethylacetamide was adopted as a neutralizing agent to form a stable WPUA emulsion. The effects of the design parameters, such as the hydrophilic ionic group dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), the PSA molecular weight and content, were set as the control factors and are analyzed by the Taguchi method and gray relational analysis (GRA). The water-repellent characteristic, water vapor permeability (WVP) and fabric flexural rigidity were considered as performance parameters as multi-qualities. The Taguchi method was based on the analysis of variance and implemented orthogonal arrays for experimental design. Each performance parameter was optimized independently. Then, the performance parameters were optimized together with GRA. According to the experimental results, the most important factor for the water-repellent characteristic, WVP and fabric flexural rigidity is the DMPA content, followed by the PSA molecular weight and content. The corresponding results showed that in the optimal parameter combination, the content of DMPA was 30.8 phm (parts per hundred monomer by weight), the PSA molecular weight was 3000 g/mol and the PSA content was 4 phm. After WPUA padding, the water contact angle of the water-repellent nylon was 135.3°, the WVP was 2271.7 g/m2/day and the flexural rigidity was 2.7 cm.

A systematic approach was used to investigate the weathering-induced degradation of a common water–based intumescent coating. In this study, the coatings are intended for humid indoor applications on steel substrates. The coating contains ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, melamine, and polyvinyl acetate. By replacing each ingredient with a less water-soluble substance, the most vulnerable substances, polyvinyl acetate and pentaerythritol, were identified. Furthermore, the weathering resistance of the system was improved by exchanging the ingredients. The coatings were stressed by artificial weathering tests and evaluated by fire tests. Thermogravimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the thermal decomposition. This study lays the foundation for the development of a new generation of water-based intumescent coatings.

During drilling operations, the influx of liquids to the producing zones can cause wellbore instability problems and decrease the well’s productivity. Different additives are used as filtrate reduc...

Este trabajo aborda la defensa del agua a partir de la experiencia del Proyecto Sed, el cual visibiliza la crisis del agua en la megalópolis de la región centro de México. Su puesta en escena, planificada con métodos de investigación-acción, convocó al público de forma colectiva. Para ello, reunieron testimonios de comunidades de la región que están en lucha al reconocer que dinámicas capitalistas de hiperurbanización, biomercantilización y de construcción de megainfraestructuras son las principales causas de la afectación ambiental al agua. El objetivo del artículo es visibilizar la experiencia propiciada por el Proyecto Sed, poniendo énfasis en los procesos de subjetivación política que detonó mediante su puesta en escena para sensibilizar al público sobre la problemática del agua. Proponemos la noción de dispositivos escénicos de rebeldía para comprender como, mediante la concatenación de un conjunto heterogéneo de elementos, se incide en la subjetivación política.

The proper selection of drilling fluids formulations and its treatment has always been a challenge and requires a great effort to ensure optimum drilling performance. The objective of this paper is to assist the mud engineer in selecting the water-based drilling fluid formulations that are best suited for a certain application. To achieve this target, the field practices were combined with the literature to study the most practiced water-based drilling fluid recipes used for onshore gas applications in the Middle East (i.e., spud mud, high-bentonite spud mud, salt/polymer mud, and high-overbalanced mud). From both field practices and deep literature review, it is recommended that both spud mud and high-bentonite spud mud be prepared and pre-hydrated for 4–6 h before a well spud. Also, it is important to add detergents with high-viscosity sweeps to avoid the bit balling and maintain the gel strength. While for salt/polymer mud, the regular addition of sodium sulfite is necessary for polymers stabilization, and the efficient solids control equipment performance is essential. To avoid the solids sagging issues associated with drilling high-pressure high-temperature deep gas reservoirs, it is recommended to either uses sag resistance materials, micronized weighting materials, or a combination of different weighting materials. The high-overbalanced mud is the most effective and efficient type when drilling a combination of natural fractured depleted gas reservoirs with high-pressure gas reservoirs.

Formation damage is caused by invasion of the external reactive solid or liquid fluid into the reservoir which reduces the productivity of pay zone. This study investigates the efficiency of a biod...

Seven different manufacturers of paints were purchased from two major cities in southwest Nigeria. At least one sample from the same manufacturer and colour, was identified and analyzed for dibutyl phthalate (DBP). GC/MS method was developed for the identification and quantification of dibutyl phthalate in water-based paints after solvent extraction. The highest level of DBP found was 47,100 ppb (unregistered manufacturer), followed by 45,100 and 19,400 in a white, pink and cream coloured paint, respectively, while the lowest concentration was 721 ppb in a cream coloured paints, unregistered manufacturer. The PCA results were in good accordance with the findings of the correlation coefficient. DBP is used by all manufacturers for flexibility and better spreadability. It is a cheap alternative and readily available. It's an emerging contaminant newly reported in paints and its toxicological effects should not be underestimated, since there is no regulation in place.

Water-based flexographic-printed ink has attracted much attention due to the reduced emission of volatile organic compounds in the printing process. However, it is difficult to remove water-based ink particles with small particle size and high hydrophilicity because they are easily reabsorbed onto cellulosic fibers during wastepaper recycling. In this paper, the absorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto fibers was studied by using isotherm models and adsorption dynamic kinetics models at different temperatures. The adsorption process was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption behavior was spontaneous and exothermic processes with an increase of entropy. It fitted well with the pseudo-second-order rate model, and the equilibrium adsorption amounts at three temperature conditions were 2.55, 2.34, and 2.21 mg/g, respectively. The B value was 9.20 g·mg−1·min−1, and the Ea value was 15.6 kJ·mol−1. The results showed that it was easier to remove the water-based ink particles from cellulosic fibers under shorter contact time and higher operation temperature during wastepaper recycling. It would be helpful to optimize the wastepaper recycling operation and to develop a novel deinking process.

The influence of the heat pipe orientation and the working fluid type of the screen mesh wick heat pipe was investigated experimentally. A hybrid nanofluid using three proposals for composite nanop...

A green synthetic route to the facile one-pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines have been developed using magnetized deionized water (MDW) as a green solvent under catalyst-free conditions. All reactions carried out in a short period of time and the products are obtained in high-to-excellent yields. The developed synthetic technique offers numerous advantages including eco-friendly, clean synthesis, simplicity, low cost, short reaction times, high reaction yields, and easy workup compared to the traditional synthetic method. Moreover, the reaction rates were followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the changes in the absorption spectrum of the reaction mixture in ordinary deionized water and MDW.

Catfish is one of the fishery products favored by the community because of its high protein. So that Catfish is one of the fish that is the center of business for fish farmers. The pond conditions used by Catfish farmers are generally still conventional. So that the maintenance of clean water in ponds is still done manually and even escapes attention. Water conditions will affect the health and productivity of Catfish. In order to achieve the optimum conditions in the third media, a control system consisting of three types of sensors will be used, namely Flowmeter, LDR sensor and LM35 sensor. The flowmeter sensor is used to regulate the flow of water, the LDR sensor functions as a receiver that is used to detect the level of turbidity of water based on how much light enters the water (turbidity). Meanwhile, the LM35 sensor functions to detect the temperature in the media so that the optimum condition for Catfish based on temperature parameters is around 22 - 32 ° C

Plastic waste is one of the biggest growing factors contributing to environmental pollution. So far there has been no established method to detect and identify plastics in environmental matrices. Thus, a method based on their characteristic fluorescence behavior is used to investigate whether plastics can be detected and identified in tap water under laboratory conditions. The experiments show that the identification of plastics as a function of water depth is possible. As the identification becomes more difficult with higher water depths, investigations with a highly sensitive imaging method were carried out to obtain an areal integration of the fluorescent light and thus better results.

In this work, the influence of the drop volume and applied magnetic field on the wetting features of water-based ferrofluids, is experimentally investigated. Firstly, water drops with volume in the range of 0.1–100 micro-liters are placed, by using micro-pipettes, on bare and coated acrylic plates, to gain reference data concerning the contact angle. Then, drops of water-based ferrofluid, with the volume ranging from 1 to 10 micro-liters, are set on bare acrylic plates, which are placed into the uniform magnetic field created, in normal direction to the plate, by using permanent magnets. Since the ferrofluid drops are elongated along the magnetic field, the contact angle increases at augmentation of the magnetic flux. Besides, when a critical magnetic flux is exceeded, ferrofluid drop loose contact with the plate and jumps towards the magnet. A heuristic equation to predict the fluctuation of the liquid surface tension versus the drop volume, and also versus the ratio of the applied magnetic field energy to the kinetic energy of the magnetic particles dispersed into the water-based ferrofluid, is suggested.

Water is needed by living things especially as drinking water, but water also causes various health problems such as diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of dug well water in terms of chemical parameters (Cl and Fe) in Mangempang Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. This type of research is survey research with a descriptive approach. The sample in this study was 12 dug well water in Mangempang Sub-District, Barru Sub-District, Barru District, and then conducted a laboratory examination. The results showed that the quality of Cl chemical wells dug Cl in Mangempang Village Barru District Barru Regency of the 12 dug wells studied turned out to be 4 dug wells not meeting health requirements that are ≤ 600 mg / l. while the quality of the dug wells chemical parameters Fe in Mangempang Village Barru District Barru Regency of the 12 dug wells studied turned out to be 2 dug wells not meeting health requirements that are ≤ 1.0 mg / l. Conclusions obtained in this study that the quality of dug well water based on chemical parameters Cl, 4 of the 12 dug wells examined did not meet health requirements and the dug well water quality based on chemical parameters Fe, 2 of the 12 dug wells examined did not meet health requirements. It is recommended for local health workers to be able to go down to inspect community dug wells.

Popular ruthenium sensitizer (RuP) and ruthenium catalyst (RuOEC) are studied in the cosensitized configurations of a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell with several frequently used electroly...

This work reports the main findings of the studies related to the problem of liquid radioactive waste utilization conducted at the Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2013–2018. It has been shown that, during the electrochemical treatment of model aqueous solutions containing Co-EDTA, the complex is destroyed and cobalt precipitates in the form of oxides, hydroxides, and spinel of variable compositions.

In this research, the four-ball tribometer was examined to evaluate the tribological behavior of environment-friendly nano-MoS2 water-based rolling liquid. This experimental method is used to measure the maximum non-seizure load (PB) and the coefficient of friction (μ). The newly introduced parameter ω can be combined with PB and μ to evaluate the tribological performances of the rolling liquid comprehensively. The rolling lubrication performance of nano-MoS2 water-base lubricant was investigated using a single stand 4-high reversing rolling mill. The surface morphologies and rolling textures of the samples were measured by laser scanning confocal microscope after cold rolling. The results show that when the concentration of nano-MoS2 is 0.4wt.%, the water-based rolling liquid has excellent tribological and lubricating properties. Meanwhile, compared with the surface quality of the rolled strip under other lubrication conditions, the surface quality of the cold-rolled strip using 0.4wt% nano-MoS2 rolling liquid as the lubrication condition is smooth without visible surface defects.