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How to engineer single nanocrystal to achieve multiple functions is still a huge challenge. In this work, a novel highly doped rare earth nanocrystal NaErF4@NaGdF4@NaDyF4 (Er@Gd@Dy) was designed and fabricated, which exhibits various performances by itself, including the longitudinal (T1) and transverse relaxation time (T2) double-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), upconversion luminescence and down-shifting luminescence. Upon irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, the upconverted red light can indirectly activate the photosensitizer Ce6 conjugated on the surface of nanocrystals for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo experiments demonstrate that the nanomaterials can eradicate notably primary tumors without obvious systematic toxicity. In addition, the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of Er@Gd@Dy are 24.83 and 319.86 (mmol/L)−1/s, respectively, which are superior to those of the nanocrystals reported previously. Simultaneously, the nanocrystals have the ability to generate NIR-II light located at 1530 nm, favorable in bioimaging in deeper tissues. As a consequence, this new nanoplatform will advance the improvement of multimodal imaging guided tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Real-time polarization medium-wave infrared (MIR) optical imaging systems enable the acquisition of infrared and polarization information of a target. At present, real-time polarization middle-infrared devices mainly face the following problems: poor real-time performance, low transmission, and high requirements for fabrication and integration. Herein, we need to improve the performance of the real-time polarization imaging system in the MIR waveband and solve the above-mentioned defects. Therefore, we propose an MIR polarization imaging system for achieving real-time polarization-modulated imaging with high transmission as well as improved performance based on a pixel-wise metasurface micro-polarization array (PMMPA). The PMMPA element comprises several linear polarization (LP) filters with different polarization angles. The optimization results demonstrate that the transmittance of the LP filters is up to 77% at a wavelength of 4.0 μm and an extinction ratio of 88 dB. In addition, a near-diffraction-limited real-time MIR imaging optical system is designed with a field of view (FOV) of 5ºand an F-number of 2. The simulation results show that an MIR polarization imaging system with excellent real-time performance and high transmission is achieved by using an optimized PMMPA element. Therefore, the method is compatible with the available optical system design technologies and provides a way to realize real-time polarization imaging in mid-infrared wavebands.

A purely inorganic tri-vanadium-capped Keggin phosphomolybdate [Na3PMo12V3O43]·4H2O (compound 1) has been synthesized by hydrothermal means and characterized via powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectra as well as electrochemical cyclic voltammetry tests. The structure analysis displays that compound 1 is a symmetric tri-vanadium-capped cluster through six half occupancy {VO5} units. Compound 1 remains a purely inorganic Keggin phosphomolybdate, which presents electrocatalytic properties for the oxidization of ascorbic acid and reduction of H2O2. At the same time, it possesses high-efficiency degradation capability for typical methylene blue, Rhodamine B and methyl orange dyes under ultraviolet light.

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, we have been greatly impacted by the shift from the Internet to the mobile Internet for that the emergence of the mobile Internet indicates that the channels for audiences to receive information will become extensive and more pluralistic. Traditional media, such as newspapers and television, which had a high market share and viewership, are facing an unprecedented crisis. Today, the essence of many conflict crises in the world lies in the distortion of values caused by the bias of the truth in the process of communication. Therefore, this paper argues that in today’s noisy public opinion field and post-truth era, it is necessary to discuss the objectivity of news again for it is an important part of journalistic professionalism, and only a good grasp of the methods and concepts of objectivity can reduce the occurrence of conflicts to a certain extent. In the following, I will analyse the definition, cases and development history of objectivity in America by externalizing the philosophical concept into real cases, and explore the practical significance of the existence of journalistic objectivity in the digital media era.

Post-translational methylation of histone lysine or arginine residues by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) plays crucial roles in gene regulation and diverse physiological processes and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, histone methyltransferases have been increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, the discovery and development of histone methyltransferase inhibitors have been pursued with steadily increasing interest over the past decade. However, the disadvantages of limited clinical efficacy, moderate selectivity, and propensity for acquired resistance have hindered the development of HMTs inhibitors. Targeted covalent modification represents a proven strategy for kinase drug development and has gained increasing attention in HMTs drug discovery. In this review, we focus on the discovery, characterization, and biological applications of covalent inhibitors for HMTs with emphasis on advancements in the field. In addition, we identify the challenges and future directions in this fast-growing research area of drug discovery.

Mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is a fundamental task in mineral exploration. The logistic regression (LR) method has been widely used as a data-driven tool for MPM because it is compact and straightforward, and it presents explicit explanations. However, there exists the inherent deficiency of linear assumption in the ordinary LR method. In order to overcome this disadvantage, a hybrid model (i.e., hybrid GEP–LR) that combines LR with gene expression programming (GEP) has been developed. It uses the evolutionary algorithm of GEP to discover automatically the symbolic function defined in the logit transformation of the ordinary LR method without any assumption. To investigate the performance of the hybrid GEP–LR hybrid method, a synthetic data modeling and a case study of prospectivity mapping for porphyry Cu–Mo polymetallic deposits (PCMPDs) in the Eastern Tianshan region, northwestern China are presented here. In the synthetic data modeling, two different datasets, namely linearly separable dataset and nonlinearly separable dataset, were generated by Monte Carlo simulation. By defining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as a fitness function, these two datasets were used to validate the efficiency of the hybrid GEP–LR method in classification of both linearly and nonlinearly separable datasets. In the case study, 15 hybrid GEP–LR models were designed using 15 different evolutionary strategies of the GEP algorithm including the number of genes, the head length of every gene, and the set of functions. Binary maps of prospectivity for PCMPDs derived using these 15 hybrid GEP–LR models with the fitness function of AUC were compared and contrasted with the one derived using the ordinary LR method. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid GEP–LR method is a robust data-driven tool that can deal with both linear and nonlinear problems in data mining. It outperforms the ordinary LR method in predicting target areas for mineral prospecting. GEP provides an inspiring way to combine other machine learning methods in addressing challenges associated with supervised or unsupervised classification issues with respect to complex nonlinearly distributed geodata.

The elevated Cyclin B1 expression contributes to various tumorigenesis and poor prognosis. Cyclin B1 expression could be regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination. However, the mechanism of how Cyclin B1 is deubiquitinated and its roles in human glioma remain unclear. In this study, co-immunoprecipitation and other assays were performed to detect the interacting of Cyclin B1 and USP39. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the effect of USP39 on the tumorigenicity of tumor cells. We discover that USP39 interacts with Cyclin B1 and stabilizes its expression by deubiquitinating Cyclin B1. Notably, we demonstrate that USP39 cleaves the K29-linked polyubiquitin chain on Cyclin B1 at Lys242. Additionally, overexpression of Cyclin B1 rescues the arrested cell cycle at G2/M transition and the suppressed proliferation of glioma cells caused by USP39 knockdown in vitro. Furthermore, USP39 promotes the growth of glioma xenograft in subcutaneous and in situ of nude mice. Finally, in human glioma and other tumor specimens, the expression levels of USP39 and Cyclin B1 proteins are clinically positively relevant. In summary, our data support the evidence that USP39 acts a novel deubiquitinating enzyme of Cyclin B1 and promoted tumor cell proliferation at least in part through Cyclin B1 stabilization, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor patients.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in a diverse range of inflammatory diseases. The activation of inflammasomes must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation, and the protein ubiquitination system is reported to be one of the ways in which inflammasome activation is regulated. However, the deubiquitination regulatory mechanisms of inflammasome activation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that USP22 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 22) promotes NLRP3 degradation and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation. USP22 deficiency or in vivo silencing significantly increases alum-induced peritonitis and lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, USP22 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the promotion of ATG5-mediated macroautophagy/autophagy. USP22 stabilizes ATG5 via decreasing K27- and K48-linked ubiquitination of ATG5 at the Lys118 site. Taken together, these findings reveal the role USP22 plays in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suggest a potential therapeutic target to treat NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases. Abbreviations: ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CASP1: caspase 1; IL18: interleukin 18; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NLRC4: NLR family, CARD domain containing 4; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; USP22: ubiquitin specific peptidase 22.

The establishment of a heterojunction is a crucial strategy to design highly effective nonnoble metal nanocatalysts for the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (PNRR). Heteropoly blues (r-POMs) can act as electron-transfer mediators in PNRR, but its agglomeration limits the further promotion of PNRR productivity. In this work, we construct a protonation-modified surface of N-vacancy

Ubiquitin specific protease 14 (USP14) is a regulator of protein deubiquitination and proteasome activation, and has been implicated in negative regulation of type I IFN signaling pathway. However, the effect of USP14 on RNA virus-related inflammatory response has not been studied. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is the important pattern recognition receptor of the innate immunity to detect RNA viruses or intracellular Poly(I:C)-LMW. Here, we reported that USP14 knockdown increased pro-inflammatory cytokines production in macrophages upon VSV infection or intracellular Poly(I:C)-LMW stimulation. USP14-overexpressed HeLa cells exhibited a decrease in RIG-I-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α expression. IU1, USP14 inhibitor, significantly promotes pro-inflammatory cytokines production in VSV-infected mice in vivo. Furthermore, USP14 was also found to inhibit the RIG-I-triggered NF-κB activation by deubiquitinating K63-linked RIG-I. Thus, our results demonstrate that USP14 is a negative regulator of RIG-I-mediated inflammatory response.

Selective deposition of lithium into a carbonaceous host is considered an effective strategy to prevent the growth of lithium metal dendrities. However, selective deposition of lithium metal into the inner spaces of a hollow carbonaceous host without nucleation seeds remains challenging. Herein, selective deposition of lithium metal is introduced by utilizing the difference in the nucleation barrier of lithium on the inner and outer surface of graphitic tubes. In situ transmission electron microscopy data indicated that uniform deposition of lithium metal into the hollow surface of graphite tubes occurred in the absence of electrolyte, and continued until the tube was fully filled. To increase the amount of lithium that can be accommodated, we contrived a novel method for preparing supersized graphite carbon tubes (S-GCTs) and demonstrated the relationship between morphology and electrochemical performance. Electrochemical study proved that the S-GCTs exhibited high coulombic efficiency (99.3% over 350 cycles) and long-running lifespan (>1200 h) with a low overpotential (

The electron transport layer (ETL) transfers the photogenerated electrons generated by the perovskite layer to the conductive glass substrate, which plays a vital role in the performance of the perovskite-based photodetector. SnO2, as a wide bandgap semiconductor, is a promising ETL material, but the interface electronic recombination between it and the perovskite layer limits the improvement of device efficiency. It is hopeful that {Mo132} will solve this problem. Here, we doped SnO2 with {Mo132}, which can simultaneously adjust the energy level of SnO2 and increase the crystallinity of the perovskite crystal, thereby reducing interface electronic recombination. The conduction band of the obtained composite material moves down by 0.11 V, which is more conducive to the transfer of photogenerated carriers. Moreover, the doping of {Mo132} significantly increases the ultraviolet light absorption intensity of the composite material, which is conducive to the collection of sunlight. In addition, the oxygen vacancy content of the composite material is reduced, which is conducive to reducing the electron recombination center. Therefore, the photocurrent of the device is increased from 13.32 μA to 27.04 μA, an increase of about 1.03 times.

This paper presents the response and the wake modes of a freely vibrating D-section prism with varying angles of attack ( $\alpha = 0^\circ \text {--}180^\circ$ ) and reduced velocity ( $U^* = 2\text {--}20$ ) by a numerical investigation. The Reynolds number, based on the effective diameter, is fixed at 100. The vibration of the prism is allowed only in the transverse direction. We found six types of response with increasing angle of attack: typical vortex-induced vibration (VIV) at $\alpha = 0^\circ \text {--}35^\circ$ ; extended VIV at $\alpha = 40^\circ \text {--}65^\circ$ ; combined VIV and galloping at $\alpha = 70^\circ \text {--}80^\circ$ ; narrowed VIV at $\alpha = 85^\circ \text {--}150^\circ$ ; transition response, from narrowed VIV to pure galloping, at $\alpha = 155^\circ \text {--}160^\circ$ ; and pure galloping at $\alpha = 165^\circ \text {--}180^\circ$ . The typical and narrowed VIVs are characterized by linearly increasing normalized vibration frequency with increasing $U^*$ , which is attributed to the stationary separation points of the boundary layer. On the other hand, in the extended VIV, the vortex shedding frequency matches the natural frequency in a large $U^*$ range with increasing $\alpha$ generally. The galloping is characterized by monotonically increasing amplitude with enlarging $U^*$ , with the largest amplitude being $A^* = 3.2$ . For the combined VIV and galloping, the vibration amplitude is marginal in the VIV branch while it significantly increases with $U^*$ in the galloping branch. In the transition from narrowed VIV to pure galloping, the vibration frequency shows a galloping-like feature, but the amplitude does not monotonically increase with increasing $U^*$ . Moreover, a partition of the wake modes in the $U^*$ – $\alpha$ parametric plane is presented, and the flow physics is elucidated through time variations of the displacement, drag and lift coefficients and vortex dynamics. The angle-of-attack range of galloping is largely predicted by performing a quasi-steady analysis of the galloping instability. Finally, the effects of $m^*$ and ${\textit {Re}}$ , the roles of afterbody and the roles of separation point in determining vibration responses and vortex shedding frequency are further discussed.

The study uses the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education to test how arts attendance in college facilitates growth in socially responsible leadership, diversity orientation, and the impor...

The counter electrode (CE) is a crucial part in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By catalyzing the reduction of the oxidized state to the reduced state for a redox couple (e.g. I3 −/I−) in elect...

Background The safe and efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents is critical to glioma therapy. However, chemotherapy for glioma is extremely challenging because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) rigorously prevents drugs from reaching the tumor region. Materials and methods TfR-T12 peptide-modified PEG-PLA polymer was synthesized to deliver paclitaxel (PTX) for glioma therapy. TfR was significantly expressed on brain capillary endothelial cells and glioma cells; therefore, TfR-T12 peptide-modified micelles can cross the BBB system and target glioma cells. Results TfR-T12-PEG-PLA/PTX polymeric micelles (TfR-T12-PMs) could be absorbed rapidly by tumor cells, and traversed effectively the BBB monolayers. TfR-T12-PMs can effectively inhibit the proliferation of U87MG cells in vitro, and TfR-T12-PMs loaded with paclitaxel presented better antiglioma effect with prolonged median survival of nude mice-bearing glioma than the unmodified PMs. Conclusion The TfR-T12-PMs could effectively overcome the BBB barrier and accomplish glioma-targeted drug delivery, thus validating its potential in improving the therapeutic outcome in multiforme.

Increasing evidence has validated the essential regulation of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological process of tumours. LncRNA PXN‐AS1 has been discovered to be as a tumour suppressor in pancreatic cancer; however, its function and mechanism remain greatly unknown in glioblastoma (GBM). Our present study indicated that PXN‐AS1 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cells. Besides, the knock‐down of PXN‐AS1 was closely associated with the inhibitory proliferation and inducing apoptosis of GBM cells. PXN‐AS1 inhibition was also found to restrain GBM tumour growth. Importantly, SOX9 functioned as a transcription factor and activated PXN‐AS1 expression, and overexpressed PXN‐AS1 rescued the inhibitory role of down‐regulated SOX9 in GBM cell growth. Subsequently, it was discovered that PXN‐AS1 activated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. DKK1 was widely known as an inhibitor gene of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and its expression was negatively associated with PXN‐AS1 and SOX9. Interestingly, we found that PXN‐AS1 could recruit EZH2 to mediate the H3K27me3 level of DKK1 promoter. Restoration experiments manifested that DKK1 knock‐down counteracted PXN‐AS1 depletion‐mediated repression in GBM cell growth. All facts pointed out that PXN‐AS1 might be of importance in exploring the therapeutic strategies of GBM.

The photocatalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 is considered a promising strategy to alleviate human need for accessible nitrogen and environmental pollution, for which developing a photocatalyst is an effective method to complete the transformation of this process. We firstly design a series of highly efficient and stable polyoxometalates (POMs)-based zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) photocatalysts for N2 reduction. ZIF-67 can effectively fix N2 owing to its porosity. Integration of POMs cluster contributes enormous advantages in terms of broadening the absorption spectrum to improve sunlight utilization, enhance the stability of the materials, effectively inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, and reduce charge-transfer impedance. POMs can absorb light to convert into reduced POMs, which have stronger reducing ability to provide ample electrons to reduce N2 . The reduced POMs can recover their oxidation state through contact with an oxidant, which forms a self-recoverable and recyclable photocatalytic fixing N2 system. The photocatalytic activity enhances with the increasing number V substitutions in the POMs. Satisfactorily, ZIF-67@K11 [PMo4 V8 O40 ] (PMo4 V8 ) displays the most significant photocatalytic N2 activity with a NH3 yield of 149.0 μmol L-1 h-1 , which is improved by 83.5 % (ZIF-67) and 78.9 % (PMo4 V8 ). The introduction of POMs provides new insights for the design of high-performance photocatalyst nanomaterials to reduce N2 .

Objective: To further explore risk factors of esophageal squamous cell cancer specific for different macroscopic types.Methods: A total of 423 patients and 423 age (±3 years) and gender matched con...

Background: Extending the duration of the endocrine therapy to 10 years has now proved to reduce the risk of late recurrence for ER+ breast cancer. However, controversies remain about the target population who may benefit from the extended endocrine therapy in clinical decision-making. MDT is a combination of multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment, its advantages are more recognized by clinician. In our study, we aim to analyze the clinicopathological factors which may influence the decision-making regarding the extended endocrine therapy for patients with ER+ breast cancer by the multidisciplinary team (MDT). Method: The retrospective analysis was performed in patients with ER-positive breast cancer who have undergone MDT discussion in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from October 2017 to January 2019. Here the extended endocrine therapy decision alteration was defined as a disagreement in extending the endocrine treatment or not, or inconsistence in regimens between the attending doctor and the multidisciplinary team. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative data. Associations between variables were evaluated using x2-tests. Logistic regression analysis was used for single factor analysis and multivariate analysis. Analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Somers, NY, USA). A p-value Results: A total of 130 patients participated in the multidisciplinary discussion, 79 patients (60.7%) were suggested to receive extended endocrine therapy, and 51 patients (39.3%) were suggested to stop the extended endocrine therapy. Univariate analysis suggests that age [ OR = 0.197, 95%CI( 0.071-0.551 ), P = 0.002 ],pT [ OR = 4.35, 95%CI(1.654-11.440), P = 0.003 ],pN [ OR = 36.667, 95%CI(10.389-129.410),P Conclusion: Patients younger than 65, those with node positive disease, or those who have been treated with adjuvant chemotherapy are prone to receive extended endocrine therapy in the MDT setting. Table1. Characteristics of patients of 130 ER-positive patientsStop endocrine therapyextended endocrine therapyORPAge,years Citation Format: Weilin Chen, Jiayi Wu, Chaijin Lin, Lisa Andriani, Deyue Liu, Shuning Ding, Li Zhu. The influence of extended endocrine therapy decision making in multidisciplinary team [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-19.

Background: Despite low invasiveness in tumor biology and high sensitivity to endocrine therapy (ET), about 5% to 10% patients with ER+ breast cancer will relapse early in the first two years (yrs) after initiation of ET. Resistance to ET remains one of the leading causes of treatment failure. Methods: Patients with ER+/HER2- breast cancer were retrospectively identified from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Expression of 16 cancer-related genes were measured using RT-PCR based on 21-gene assay. Cox proportional hazard model was developed to identify the clinical and genomic variables associated with pre-2-yr relapse with P value of less than .10. Both the landmark analyses and tests for the interaction between genes expression and time were performed to identify the inconsistent effects of individual genes on relapse in two time periods. Finally, a risk score was established based on the clinical and genomic variables with the shrinkage correction and validated using a bootstrap method. Relationship between the risk score and log-hazard ratio of early relapse was presented by the cubic smoothing spline method. The primary endpoint was invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and secondary endpoints were distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 1,227 patients were identified. In univariate Cox regression, both the age over 50 yrs (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.27 - 1.10) and tumor size greater than 2cm (HR 3.26, 95% CI 1.61 - 6.60) were independent prognostic factors for early relapse. As for genomic variables, higher expression of ER (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64 - 0.97), PGR (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 - 0.96), BCL2 (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.55 - 1.03), CD68 (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 - 0.91), GSTM1 (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.58 - 1.04), and BAG1 (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 - 0.97) were associated with increased early relapse. Of the genomic variables, the HR of PGR, CD68, and BAG1 were in the opposite direction for 2 time periods (interaction P .026, .003, and .011, respectively; Table 1). A scoring system was established based on 2 clinical variables and 6 genomic variables with the shrinkage adjustment (C-index, 0.68; bootstrap validated C-index, 0.69; Table 2). The risk score tended to be associated with early relapse linearly using cubic spline method. When used as a categorical variable with the cutoff point decided by X-tile, risk score higher than 2.5 was also associated with increased early relapse (HR 3.23, 95% CI 1.56 - 6.69, P< .001). Likewise, the score remained an independent predictor for 2-yr DRFS (HR 6.18, 95% CI 1.79 - 21.34, P = .001) and OS (HR 4.57, 95% CI 1.02 - 20.43, P = .029). Conclusion: The scoring system reported herein, taking into account both the clinical and genomic variables, may inform prognosis and endocrine responsiveness. For patients with high risk of early relapse, treatment escalation may be considered. Table 1. Univariate analysis for individual genes by time periods.0-5 yrs0-2 yrs2-5 yrsInteraction PHR (95% CI)PHR (95% CI)PHR (95% CI)PEstrogen moduleER0.92 (0.79-1.07).2730.79 (0.64-0.97).0241.05 (0.86-1.28).651.053PGR0.93 (0.84-1.04).2030.83 (0.71-0.96).0131.05 (0.91-1.21).545.026BCL20.84 (0.68-1.04).1050.75 (0.55-1.03).0740.91 (0.68-1.22).540.374SCUBE20.92 (0.81-1.04).1990.93 (0.77-1.12).4570.91 (0.77-1.08).290.878Proliferation moduleKi671.25 (1.01-1.55).0391.31 (0.94-1.83).1081.21 (0.92-1.60).178.710STK151.12 (0.94-1.33).2221.03 (0.77-1.37).8421.18 (0.94-1.47).152.467Survivin1.09 (0.91-1.30).3691.07 (0.80-1.43).6551.10 (0.87-1.38).428.888CCNB11.07 (0.87-1.32).5260.88 (0.64-1.21).4231.23 (0.94-1.61).126.110MYBL21.16 (0.97-1.40).1071.13 (0.84-1.52).4321.19 (0.94-1.50).151.783Invasion moduleMMP111.11 (0.95-1.29).2051.03 (0.82-1.31).7901.16 (0.95-1.43).154.460CTSL21.07 (0.89-1.29).4491.16 (0.87-1.54).3221.02 (0.80-1.30).863.516HER2 moduleGRB71.11 (0.88-1.41).3700.89 (0.62-1.26).5041.30 (0.96-1.75).085.105HER20.91 (0.75-1.11).3510.89 (0.66-1.21).4620.92 (0.71-1.20).550.865GSTM10.81 (0.67-0.99).0360.78 (0.58-1.04).0880.84 (0.65-1.09).192.673CD680.96 (0.76-1.21).7040.66 (0.47-0.91).0111.28 (0.95-1.73).106.003BAG10.97 (0.76-1.22).7690.69 (0.49-0.97).0311.24 (0.92-1.68).158.011 Table 2. Univariate β coefficients and shrinkage factor for clinical and genomic variables.BetaSEHR95% CIPShrinkage factorClinical variables0.857Age, vs ≤ 50 yrs-0.6000.3560.550.27-1.10.093Tumor size, vs ≤ 2cm1.1810.3603.261.61-6.60.001Genomic variables0.313ER-0.2410.1070.790.64-0.97.024PGR-0.1900.0760.830.71-0.96.013BCL2-0.2860.1600.750.55-1.03.074CD68-0.4210.1650.660.47-0.91.011GSTM1-0.2540.1490.780.58-1.04.088BAG1-0.3780.1750.690.49-0.97.031Abbreviation: SE, standard error; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. Citation Format: Caijin Lin, Jiayi Wu, Shuning Ding, Lisa Andriani, Weilin Chen, Deyue Liu, Li Zhu. A novel scoring system based on the clinical and genomic variables to predict the early relapse in estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-15.

Electron–hole recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) limits further improvements in the efficiency of the cells. Finding suitable materials to modify the TiO2 semiconductor layer can effectively reduce electron recombination. Ferroelectric compounds are important materials with excellent ferroelectric and dielectric properties. One of the characteristics of this kind of material is that their positive and negative charges do not coincide in the lattice structure, thus it will form a spontaneous polarization field. The inherent electric field can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes, therefore, the introduction of ferroelectric materials into DSSCs may effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells. We used a sandwich-type ferroelectric polyoxometalate KNa3[HPro]7[Sm(α-PW11O39)2]·Pro·18H2O (Sm) (Pro = D-proline) to modify the photoanode of DSSCs for the first time. The results show that photogenerated electrons can transfer from the conduction band of TiO2 to the LUMO energy level of Sm and then to the external circuit. Electrochemical tests show that when Sm is combined with TiO2 to modify the photoanode of DSSCs, the Jsc and PCE reached 15.13 mA cm−2 and 6.82%, respectively. The PCE is 21.8% higher than that of pure TiO2. As a result, ferroelectric polyoxometalate Sm is a good electron transfer medium that can reduce electron–hole recombination and increase the electron lifetime. The incorporation of functional ferroelectric materials into solar cells is a promising strategy to improve photovoltaic devices.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have been considered as an efficient catalyst for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, agglomeration of POMs limits the improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs. In this paper, we improve our previous synthesis process by a simple ultrasonic driving strategy. A series of highly dispersed POM nanoparticles periodically deposited on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites (abbreviated as POMs/CNTs) is synthesized, which increases the active sites by improving the dispersion degree and inhibiting the aggregation of POM molecules. Additionally, CNTs as a conductive support skeleton and physical barrier promote the rapid electron transfer and protect POM molecules from chemical degradation. The nanocomposites exhibit well-distributed morphology, and highly dispersed POM nanoparticles about tens of nanometers in diameter are in intimate contact with CNTs. Powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that POM nanoparticles have been periodically deposited on CNTs. POM/CNT counterelectrodes (CEs) exhibit a more remarkable performance towards triiodide reduction than pure CNT CEs, indicating that POMs deposited on CNTs boost electrocatalytic triiodide reduction. Among these POM/CNT CEs, the Co4PW9/CNT CE exhibits the best photovoltaic behavior with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.60%, which is superior to that of the Pt CE (6.59%). The excellent activity originates from the synergistic effect between the high redox activity of POMs and the excellent conductive ability of CNTs. This work provides a foundation for preparing advanced high-efficient CE catalysts of POM materials.

All-inorganic heterostructures have attracted intense interest for new energy and environmental applications recently, especially in photoelectronic devices. Herein, we firstly obtain a novel CoIn2S4 thiospinel octahedron through a simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. On this basis we further propose a strategy to prepare all-inorganic heterostructures (NH4)4CoII[CoIIW12O40]·20H2O/CoIn2S4 (CoW12-n/CoIn2S4, where n represents the molar number of CoW12) through doping Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs). The addition of POMs can alleviate the cross-growth of the CoIn2S4 octahedron and increase the specific surface area and the number of exposed active sites of the heterostructures. What's more, we investigate the electrocatalytic triiodide reduction properties of the heterostructures. Electrochemical measurements show that POM contents have an obvious influence on the catalytic activity of this heterostructure catalyst. The CoW12-0.3/CoIn2S4 heterostructures present the best catalytic performance and the lowest charge transfer resistance. Consequently, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with CoW12-0.3/CoIn2S4 heterostructures as a counter electrode (CE) show the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 6.79%, superior to that of the Pt CE (5.83%). This work not only provides an approach for designing composites for efficient electrocatalytic triiodide reduction, but also represents a further step towards the application of all-inorganic heterostructures in photoelectronic devices.

2D materials have strong intermolecular van der Waals forces, and 2D superlattice heterostructures have exhibited many dramatic photo-electrochemical properties for energy conversion and storage. Herein, based on the excellent properties of reduced graphene and superlattice structures, we constructed a 2D flexible superlattice polyoxometalate/rGO heterojunction with enhanced electron-hole separation via interfacial self-assembly engineering to further fabricate DSSCs based on the heterojunction-modified photoanode, which exhibited good electron transport properties. Selecting two kinds of Dawson POMs (P2W15V3, P2W18 and the corresponding heteropoly blue) as the research object, the polyoxometalate superlattice structure was obtained by the self-assembly strategy, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, XRD, EDX and XPS. The TEM and AFM results indicated that the monolayer POM superlattice structure and superlattice polyoxometalate/rGO heterojunction were successfully obtained. The superlattice P2W18(HPB)/rGO heterojunction was introduced into the DSSCs photoanode, and electrochemical tests indicated that the superlattice polyoxometalate/rGO heterojunction improved the electron-hole separation rate, inhibited the electron recombination, and improved the photoelectric conversion efficiency to 8.09%. The 2D superlattice heterojunction remarkably improved the electrochemical performances of the energy storage and conversion systems.

In recent years, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have been developed as a promising energy-harvesting electronic device. However, the electrodes of most PENGs devices are precious metals, thus increasing the production cost. Here, we propose a flexible transparent PENGs with polyoxometalates (POMs) as the electrodes; it can effectively utilize ambient mechanical energy to generate electricity. Five types of polyoxometalates with different structures and compositions are selected as the electrode materials for PENGs for the first time, and the output performance of different PENGs electrode devices is tested. The PENG device with (NH4)6P2Mo18O62 as the electrode can steadily provide a high electric output with an open-circuit voltage of 2.8 mV and a short-circuit current of 8.5 µA at the bending degree of 90°. At the same time, the transmission spectrum shows that the average visible transmittance (AVT) of PENG can reach 31%, thus outperforming the benchmark for window applications. Finally, the working mechanism, force analysis, repeatability, and stability of PENG are systematically evaluated. All the studies show that this flexible transparent device has potential application prospect in wearable electronic devices.

The classic Offner spectrometer has the advantages of having a simple structure, light weight, and high imaging quality. It is easily to achieve a fixed spectral resolution but cannot meet usage requirements. Therefore, we present a practical method for designing a spectrometer with variable spectral resolution. Multiple off-axis convex (OAC) gratings are used to replace the convex grating in the classic Offner spectrometer. We derive the principle through ray tracing and establish an optimization process for the basic parameters of multiple OAC gratings. To demonstrate this method, a corresponding system is designed. The results show that a variable spectral resolution, with a variation ratio close to 4, of 0.45–1.91 nm is achieved over a wide bandwidth of 460–900 nm. Additionally, the smile and keystone of the system are well corrected.

SNR Analysis Detailed Process

Multi-component tungsten carbide-based hybrid materials featuring different heteroatom dopants coated with X,N dual-doped carbon layers (X/W2 C@X,N-C, XWXNC) were prepared by selecting Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs) (NH4 )n [XW12 O40 ] (X=Co, Si, Ge, B, and P) and dicyandiamide (DCA) as precursors. The electrocatalytic activity of these nanocomposites as counter electrode (CE) catalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was systematically investigated. Structure characterizations show that X,N heteroatoms were successfully introduced into the W2 C and carbon frameworks. The obtained X,N dual-doped carbon layers were modified and loaded with W2 C nanoparticles, promoting the improvement of catalytic performance by a synergistic effect. The consequence of photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) is CoWCoNC (6.68 %)>SiWSiNC (6.56 %)>GeWGeNC (6.49 %)>BWBNC (6.45 %)>PWPNC (6.20 %)>WNC (6.05 %). With the increase in electronegativity of the dopants, the photovoltaic performance decreases in a reverse order. This work provides a shortcut to the rational design of highly efficient and cost-effective catalysts for DSSCs.

The rational design of efficient triiodide reduction reaction catalysts that are dependent on cheap and ample elements on Earth has become a challenge. As an extremely encouraging non-noble metallic catalyst, MoS

The simultaneous determination of polyamines and their metabolites in urine samples was achieved by GC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. After conjugating with the ion-pair reagent bis-2-ethylhexylphosphate in the aqueous phase, the polyamines in the samples were extracted with polystyrene nanofiber-based packed-fiber solid-phase extraction followed by a derivatization step using pentafluoropropionyl anhydride. With optimal conditions, all analytes were separated well. For analytes of putrescine, cadaverine, N-acetylputrescine and N-acetylcadaverine, the linearity was good in the range of 0.05-500 μmol/L (R

Succinate is at the crossroads of multiple metabolic pathways and plays a role in several immune responses acting as an inflammation signal. However, whether succinate regulates antiviral immune response remains unclear. Here, we found that the production of succinate was reduced in RAW264.7 cells during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Using diethyl succinate to pretreat the mouse peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells before VSV infection, the production of interferon-β (IFN-β), chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL-10), and IFN-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15) was significantly decreased, following which the VSV replication in diethyl succinate-pretreated cells was obviously increased. Moreover, succinate decreased the expression of IFN-β in serum, lung, and spleen derived from the VSV-infected mice. The overall survival rate in the VSV-infected mice with diethyl succinate pretreatment was also remarkably downregulated. Furthermore, we identified that succinate inhibited the activation of MAVS-TBK1-IRF3 signaling by suppressing the formation of MAVS aggregates. Our findings provide previously unrecognized roles of succinate in antiviral immune response and establish a novel link between metabolism and innate immune response.