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Burn injury leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy, also known as mitophagy. The alleviation of mitochondrial damage may be a potential method for the treatment of burn injury and complications. In this animal study, we analyzed the expression of mitochondrial damage- and mitophagy-related factors, specifically PINK1 and PRKN. The results showed mitochondria damage in the skin; compared with the normal control group, genes involved in the mitochondrial damage, such as Nrf-1, UQCRC2, CYC1, and NDUFA9, as well as in the mitophagy, including PINK1, PRKN, MFN1, and USP30, were differentially expressed. Furthermore, PINK1 interacted with PRKN and participated in mitophagy in the skin. In conclusion, our data reveal more about the mechanism underlying mitophagy in burns, providing a potential clinical treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder featured by memory loss and cognitive default. However, there has been no effective therapeutic approach to prevent the development of AD and the available therapies are only to alleviate some symptoms with limited efficacy and severe side effects. Necroptosis is a new kind of cell death, being regarded as a genetically programmed and regulated pattern of necrosis. Increasing evidence reveals that necroptosis is tightly related to the occurrence and development of AD. This review aims to summarize the potential role of necroptosis in AD progression and the therapeutic capacity of targeting necroptosis for AD patients.

Oxygen electrochemistry plays a key role in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, but its slow kinetics limits the performance and commercialization of such devices. Here, a novel triple-layer IrO6/MnO6 nanosheet was developed by a simple hydrothermal method. During the substitution of Mn by Ir, lattice compressive strain is introduced into the IrO6/MnO6 nanosheets, thereby tuning their electronic structure to suit the favorite oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. This compressively strained nanosheet catalyst exhibits an excellent mass activity of 7882 A g− 1 at an overpotential of 270 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4, and reaches 10, 50 and 100 mA cm− 2 at overpotentials of only 62 mV, 197 mV and 234 mV, respectively, ranking the highest OER activity among the state-of-the-art values in acid media. The catalyst exhibits a remarkable stability even at 300 mA cm− 2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. Using the nanosheets as OER catalyst and NiMo alloy as hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, a two-electrode electrolyzer achieves 10 mA cm− 2 with only a cell voltage of 1.46 V for overall water splitting in 0.5 M H2SO4. This strategy enables the material with high feasibility for practical applications on hydrogen production.

Effectively carrying out social responsibility is a critical strategy for the sustainable development of enterprises. Under the influence of institutional isomorphism, the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance will be affected by the level of the peer firm’s social responsibility and government subsidies. Based on institutional theory, this paper discusses the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate performance, using relevant data from Chinese listed companies. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between social responsibility and corporate performance; the peer firm’s CSR and government subsidies weaken the inverted U-shaped relationship between CSR and corporate performance. The results provide useful theoretical insights for the performance of CSR.

The human neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor (Y2R) plays essential roles in food intake, bone formation and mood regulation, and has been considered an important drug target for obesity and anxiety. However, development of drugs targeting Y2R remains challenging with no success in clinical application yet. Here, we report the crystal structure of Y2R bound to a selective antagonist JNJ-31020028 at 2.8 A resolution. The structure reveals molecular details of the ligand-binding mode of Y2R. Combined with mutagenesis studies, the Y2R structure provides insights into key factors that define antagonistic activity of diverse antagonists. Comparison with the previously determined antagonist-bound Y1R structures identified receptor-ligand interactions that play different roles in modulating receptor activation and mediating ligand selectivity. These findings deepen our understanding about molecular mechanisms of ligand recognition and subtype specificity of NPY receptors, and would enable structure-based drug design. The human neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (Y2R) is a drug target for the treatment of obesity and anxiety. Crystal structure of Y2R bound to a selective antagonist and accompanying mutagenesis provide insights into ligand recognition and subtype specificity of NPY receptors.

This study aims to show our institute’s experience in the treatment of HH and its associated facial deformities in adults and growing adolescents and to investigate condylar remodeling and volumetric changes and long-term stability of orthognathic surgery in adults. The study included consecutive patients with clinical and radiological features of HH who underwent high condylectomy with or without simultaneous orthognathic surgery from 2013 to 2018. The clinical outcomes were assessed based on functional activities, TMJ pain, and recurrence. Postoperative 3D condylar remodeling and orthognathic stability were evaluated with the use of ITK-Snap and 3D Slicer. Thirteen patients (8 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 26.3 ± 5.79 years (range; 13–34 years) were included with facial asymmetry as the chief complaint. The patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months and a maximum of 4 years (mean; 16.85 ± 10.04). There were no postoperative complications, and all patients achieved a satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome using a one-stage surgical procedure. There was no incidence of recurrence or further asymmetries, with long-term stability at the selected points showing a mean difference of less than ±1 mm. The affected condylar volume was significantly reduced following high condylectomy, with mean changes between T1 and T2 of −144. 80 mm3 (p = .012). However, the contralateral condylar volume remained stable, with a mean change of 2.54 mm3 (p = .881). One-stage high condylectomy and orthognathic surgery is a viable measure for the treatment of HH and associated deformities in adults. High condylectomy in early adolescence could result in termination of the disease, and aesthetic improvement with further constant orthodontist-surgeon follow-up is required.

Although the traditional Fenton reaction is considered an effective strategy for solving problems caused by environmental pollution, construction of an efficient photocatalytic system by coordinating the Fenton reaction is challenging. In this study, 2D/2D step-scheme α-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 (FO/BWO) heterostructure photo-Fenton catalysts were successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS, PL, I-t, EIS, and BET analyses. Under visible light irradiation, FO/BWO exhibited remarkably high and stable photo-Fenton catalytic activity for the degradation of methyl blue (MB) at low concentrations of H2O2. It was noted that FO/BWO (0.5) displayed a significantly enhanced photo-Fenton catalytic activity, which was 11.06 and 3.29 times those of FO nanosheets and BWO nanosheets, respectively. The notably improved photo-Fenton catalytic activity of FO/BWO was mainly due to the combination of H2O2 and FO under light illumination and the presence of the 2D/2D S-scheme heterostructure, with the large contact surface, abundant active sites, and efficient separation rate of photogenerated carriers playing contributory roles. Additionally, a possible catalytic mechanism for the FO/BWO composite was preliminarily proposed via active species trapping experiments. In summary, this study provided new insights into the synthesis of an effectively heterogeneous 2D/2D S-scheme photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater.

Refractory MRSA infections seriously threaten human health, which compromises antibiotic efficacy. Although phototherapy has exhibited great feasibility in the fight against drug-resistant pathogens, a single-modal therapeutic agent without targeted performance has resulted in low drug utilization and obvious side effects. Herein, near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered theranostic nanoparticles (NDIA@PEG-Ce6/B NPs) were prepared by employing naphthalene diimide derivative NDIA as a photothermal agent, PEGylated chlorin e6 (PEG-Ce6) as a photosensitizer and PEGylated phenylboronic acid (PEG-B) as a bacteria-targeting agent. Upon laser irradiation, the singlet oxygen produced by Ce6 can efficiently kill bacteria through photodynamic therapy. Moreover, the fluorescence emission of Ce6 can be absorbed by the photothermal agent NDIA with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency of 78% to reinforce the photothermal effect of NDIA, and the photothermal conversion efficiency of NDIA@PEG-Ce6/B NPs was up to 49.7%. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial experiments indicated that NDIA@PEG-Ce6/B NPs could targeted assembly and effectively destroy multidrug-resistant bacteria through synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy with 99.999% antibacterial efficacy under NIR light illumination. The study provides a nanosystem for the antibacterial treatment of synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy for subcutaneous abscesses, as well as a novel FRET strategy for further design of light-triggered antibacterial nanoplatforms.

In order to solve the increasingly serious environmental pollution and energy crisis as soon as possible, engineering of two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) S-scheme heterojunctions is in the spotlight. Herein, two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) S-scheme Fe2O3/Bi2MoO6 was designed and fabricated through a facile hydrothermal strategy, which constructed an advanced photocatalytic-Fenton coupling system. With the assistance of a low concentration of H2O2, the 2D/2D Fe2O3/Bi2MoO6 with an Fe2O3 weight ratio of 0.5% displayed significantly enhanced photo-Fenton catalytic activity toward tetracycline, which was 3.2 and 2.0 times that of Fe2O3 and Bi2MoO6, respectively. The markedly enhanced photo-Fenton catalytic activity was attributed to the large surface area and efficient charge transfer of 2D/2D S-scheme Fe2O3/Bi2MoO6, as well as the photo-Fenton system constructed by H2O2 and continuous Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion under visible light irradiation. According to the active species trapping experiments and photoluminescence spectra, a novel 2D/2D S-scheme charge transfer mechanism of Fe2O3/Bi2MoO6 was reasonably proposed. Fe2O3/Bi2MoO6 composites displayed a broad application prospect due to their recyclability demonstrated by the cycling experiments. This work provides strong evidence that 2D/2D S-scheme Fe2O3/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures are promising candidates for the photo-Fenton treatment of antibiotics.

Using controllable gold sputtering and a hydrothermal process on silica particles, we fabricated a bowl-like plasmonic nanoreactor, which is composed of loosely packed gold nanoparticles surrounded...

A novel 2D/2D Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 step-scheme (S-scheme) composite by loading Au as cocatalyst was successfully fabricated using a photoreduction and hydrothermal route. The obtained Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4/Au photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), photocurrent response(I-t), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The HRTEM images revealed that an intimate interface in composites were formed. The optimum photocatalytic activity of Rhodamine B degradation over Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4/Au was about 9.7 times and 13.1 times as high as those of Bi2MoO6 and g-C3N4, respectively. The notably improved photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4/Au could be mainly ascribed to the abundant active sites and the enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers in Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 S-scheme system. Notably, Au nanoparticles could act as a co-catalyst to further promote electron transfer and separation from the conduction band of g-C3N4. Additionally, a possible step-scheme photocatalytic reaction mechanism of RhB degradation over Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4/Au was tentatively proposed. PL and transient photocurrent analysis implied that Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4/Au photocatalysts possessed the lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers compared with pure Bi2MoO6 and g-C3N4, respectively. The present work is expected to provide useful information in designing 2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.

Quadrat sampling is one of the most widely accepted methods for conducting vegetation surveys over the world for centuries. However, it is difficult to determine an optimal size to adequately repre...

Aim. To investigate whether vitamin C performs well as a supplemental treatment for common cold.Method. After systematically searching through the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP databases, and Wanfang databases, 10 randomized controlled trials were selected for our meta-analysis with RevMan 5.3 software. Published in China, all 10 studies evaluated the effect of combined vitamin C and antiviral therapy for the treatment of common cold.Results. The total efficacy (RR=1.27, 95% CI (1.08, 1.48),P=0.003), the time for symptom amelioration (MD=−15.84, 95% CI (-17.02, -14.66),P<0.00001), and the time for healing (I, 95% CI (-14.98, -4.22),P=0.0005) were better with vitamin C supplementation than with antiviral therapy alone.Conclusions. Vitamin C could be used as a supplementary therapy along with antiviral regimens to relieve patients from the symptoms of common cold.

The construction of electrochemical energy-storage devices by scalable thin-film microfabrication methods with high energy and power density is urgently needed for many emerging applications. Herein, we demonstrate an in-plane hybrid microsupercapacitor with a high areal energy density by employing a battery-type CuFe-Prussian blue analogue (CuFe-PBA) as the positive electrode and pseudocapacitive titanium carbide MXene (Ti

Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play versatile roles in inhibiting the secretion of multiple hormones such as growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thus are considered as targets for treating multiple tumors. Despite great progress made in therapeutic development against this diverse receptor family, drugs that target SSTRs still show limited efficacy with preferential binding affinity and conspicuous side-effects. Here, we report five structures of SSTR2 and SSTR4 in different states, including two crystal structures of SSTR2 in complex with a selective peptide antagonist and a non-peptide agonist, respectively, a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Gi1-bound SSTR2 in the presence of the endogenous ligand SST-14, as well as two cryo-EM structures of Gi1-bound SSTR4 in complex with SST-14 and a small-molecule agonist J-2156, respectively. By comparison of the SSTR structures in different states, molecular mechanisms of agonism and antagonism were illustrated. Together with computational and functional analyses, the key determinants responsible for ligand recognition and selectivity of different SSTR subtypes and multiform binding modes of peptide and non-peptide ligands were identified. Insights gained in this study will help uncover ligand selectivity of various SSTRs and accelerate the development of new molecules with better efficacy by targeting SSTRs.

Adiponectin plays critical roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in mammals. However, its roles in fish remain to be evaluated. In this study, we examined the tissue distribution characteristics of two adiponectin genes, namely, adipoqa and adipoqb, at transcriptional level, and detected the changes of their mRNA expressions during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Furthermore, we prepared recombinant proteins of grass carp adiponectin A and adiponectin B and studied their roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the hepatopancreas of grass carp in vivo. The results showed that adipoqa mRNA was mainly expressed in the heart of grass carp, followed by red muscle, white muscle, and adipose tissue, while adipoqb mRNA was highly expressed in adipose tissue, red muscle, and white muscle. The mRNA levels of adipoqa and adipoqb in the white muscle and heart were significantly decreased at 1 h post OGTT, and their expressions in the heart were also suppressed at 3 h, whereas the transcriptional levels of adipoqa and adipoqb in the red muscle were elevated significantly at 12 h after glucose load. Intraperitoneal injection of adiponectin A or adiponectin B reduced basal serum glucose levels of grass carp and caused an increase of glycogen content in the hepatopancreas. Adiponectin A upregulated the expression of enzyme genes related to glycolysis (gk and pk) and glycogen synthesis (gys) in the hepatopancreas, and adiponectin B promoted the expression of pk and gys, as well as g6pase in the glycogenetic pathway. Besides, adiponectin A and adiponectin B have opposite regulatory effects on glut2 mRNA expression. These results suggested that adiponectin A and adiponectin B promoted glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis, increased glycogen content of hepatopancreas, and reduced basal blood glucose level, and they may have an antagonistic regulatory mechanism in regulating glucose uptake.

The GH (growth hormone)/IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) system has an important function in the regulation of growth. In this system, IGFBPs play a crucial regulatory role in IGF functions. As a member of the IGFBP family, IGFBP2 can bind to IGF and regulate IGF functions to regulate development and growth. In addition, IGFBP2 shows key regulatory functions in cell proliferation and metabolism. In this study, the igfbp2 gene was cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) liver. The ORF of grass carp igfbp2 is 834 bp long and encodes 277 amino acids. The tissue distribution results showed that igfbp2 is expressed in multiple tissues in grass carp and has a high expression level in the liver. In the OGTT, igfbp2 expression was significantly decreased in the liver and brain after 6 h of treatment with glucose. In vitro, igfbp2 expression in grass carp's primary hepatocytes was significantly suppressed by insulin after treatment for 6 and 12 h. Moreover, igfbp2 expression was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner with glucagon incubation in grass carp's primary hepatocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about Igfbp2 in grass carp. These results will provide a basis for the in-depth study of grass carp Igfbp2.

Leaf angle is a key factor in plant architecture and crop yield. Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate many developmental processes, especially the leaf angle in monocots. However, the BR signalling pathway is complex and includes many unknown members. Here, we propose that Oryza sativa BRASSINOSTEROID-RESPONSIVE LEAF ANGLE REGULATOR 1 (OsBLR1) encodes a bHLH transcription factor, and positively regulates BR signalling to increase the leaf angle and grain length in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Lines overexpressing OsBLR1 (blr1-D and BLR1-OE-1/2/3) had similar traits, with increased leaf angle and grain length. Conversely, OsBLR1-knockout mutants (blr1-1/2/3) had erect leaves and shorter grains. Lamina joint inclination, coleoptile elongation, and root elongation assay results indicated that these overexpression lines were more sensitive to BR, while the knockout mutants were less sensitive. There was no significant difference in the endogenous BR contents of blr1-1/2 and wild-type plants. These results suggest that OsBLR1 is involved in BR signal transduction. The blr1-D mutant, with increased cell growth in the lamina joint and smaller leaf midrib, showed significant changes in gene expression related to the cell wall and leaf development compared with wild-type plants; furthermore, the cellulose and protopectin contents in blr1-D were reduced, which resulted in the increased leaf angle and bent leaves. As the potential downstream target gene of OsBLR1, the REGULATOR OF LEAF INCLINATION1 (OsRLI1) gene expression was up-regulated in OsBLR1-overexpression lines and down-regulated in OsBLR1-knockout mutants. Moreover, we screened OsRACK1A as an interaction protein of OsBLR1 using a yeast two-hybrid assay and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down.

The effective thermal conductivity of metal hydride beds is a crucial parameter for metal hydride reactor design. In this review, methods and principles for the measurement of the effective thermal conductivity of metal hydride beds are discussed, including steady-state techniques (the radial heat flow, comparative cut bar, guarded heat flow meter, and guarded hot plate methods) and transient techniques (the hot-wire, thermal probe, transient plane source, and laser flash methods). Reports of effective thermal conductivity measurements for characterizing metal hydride beds have been reviewed, including the measurement methods, material composition, measurement results, temperature, and gas pressure. The advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each measurement method have been presented, and an assessment regarding different techniques of measurement has been conducted. Laser flash and transient plane source are found to be the most frequently used methods, and have been increasingly applied in recent years. Finally, a brief discussion of recommended future development of effective thermal conductivity measurement is presented.

The influence of a ferrocene-modified fullerene derivative (FcC60) on the crystalline growth of fullerene microrods was studied based on the liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) process. By mixing a small amount of FcC60, a more obvious solvent effect on the packing of fullerenes was found, which resulted in the formation of microrod crystals with various edge morphologies. After carbonization of these fullerene microrods, the solvent effect and the effective intercalation of FcC60 led to the formation of carbon materials with large porosity and doped functional Fe and N simultaneously. They exhibited improved conductivity and better diffusion of electrolyte ions when used as the electrode for a supercapacitor. This work presents a new insight into both the manipulation and functionalization of fullerene superstructures for exploring a wider range of application potentials.

Laser scribing of porous graphene electrodes on flexible substrates is of great interest for developing disposable electrochemical biosensors. In this work, we present a new patterning process for ...

We report the production of fullerene microtubes (FMTs), having solid cores bisecting their tubular cavities, from solutions of mixtures of fullerene C60 and C70 and have demonstrated the structural transformation of FMTs to fullerene microhorns (FMHs) upon their exposure to alcohol/mesitylene mixtures at 25 °C. The conically shaped microhorns have hollow interiors and exhibit preferential recognition of silica particles over fullerene C70, polystyrene (PS) latex, PS hydroxylate, or PS carboxylate particles of similar dimensions due to strong electrostatic interactions between negatively charged FMHs and positively charged silica particles.

Metabolic dysfunction plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the exact effects and mechanisms are still unclear. The pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a member of the nod-like receptor family, is considered a crucial inflammatory regulator and plays important roles in the progress of DN. A growing body of evidence suggests that high glucose, high fat, or other metabolite disorders can abnormally activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, in this review, we discuss the potential function of abnormal metabolites such as saturated fatty acids (SFAs), cholesterol crystals, uric acid (UA), and homocysteine in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and explain the potential function of metabolic dysfunction regulation of NLRP3 activation in the progress of DN via regulation of inflammatory response and renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). In addition, the potential mechanisms of metabolism-related drugs, such as metformin and sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors, which have served as the suppressors of the NLRP3 inflammasomes, in DN, are also discussed. A better understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in abnormal metabolic microenvironment may provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of DN.

Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMU2), an emerging attractive target for treating obesity, has shown the capability in reducing food intake and regulating energy metabolism when activated. However, drug development of NMU2 was deferred partially due to the lack of structural information. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of NMU2 bound to the endogenous agonist NmU-25 and G

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on orofacial myofunctional changes in skeletal class III patients. 35 patients who received Le Fort I maxillary advancement osteotomy and mandibular SSRO setback were included in this study. Facial expression function was analyzed by "placid" or "smile" expressions using chL-chR, ∠chRnchL, and ls-li. Occlusal force and balance were analyzed using a T-scan III digital occlusal analysis system. Maximum mouth opening (MMO) was measured prior to surgery and 2/14/28/42/90/180/360 days after surgery. After surgery, patients recovered facial expressions in no less than 3 months for both the "placid" or "smile" facial expression. Patients obtained significantly improved 'smile' expressions 3 months after the operation compared to preoperative "smiles", and this improvement remained stable 12 months after the operation. Occlusal force was significantly decreased with the balance of occlusion lost immediately after surgery. These conditions gradually recovered, and patients finally obtained a more balanced and stronger occlusion [occlusion balance: 6.7 ± 2.7 mm vs. 4.1 ± 3.0 mm (day -7 vs. day 42); occlusion force: 19.6 ± 7.0 kg vs. 24.2 ± 9.3 kg (day -7 vs. day 180)]. However, patients had smaller postoperative mouth opening compared to preoperation opening during our follow-up. Our results confirmed that orthognathic surgery obstructs orofacial myofunctions of skeletal class III patients in the short-term. In the long-term, orthognathic surgery results in more stable and balanced orofacial myofunctions. By understanding the process of functional recovery of orofacial muscles after orthognathic surgery, we hope to accelerate patient's recovery from surgery.

Active electronic states in transition metal dichalcogenides are able to prompt hydrogen evolution by improving hydrogen absorption. However, the development of thermodynamically stable hexagonal 2H-MoS

Female moths use sex pheromones to attract males, and corresponding regulatory mechanism underlying sex pheromone biosynthesis is species-dependent. However, the detailed mechanism involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in Ostrinia furnacalis has not yet been fully addressed. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing of O. furnacalis pheromone glands screened a serials of candidate genes involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis. Our analysis showed that sex pheromone release in O. furnacalis females arrives its peak at the 2nd scotophase, consistent with its mating behavior. Pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) was confirmed to regulate sex pheromone biosynthesis, and Ca2+ is the secondary messenger of PBAN signaling in O. furnacalis. The functional analysis of candidate genes demonstrated that the decreased mRNA levels or activities of calcineurin (CaN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) led to significant decrease in sex pheromone production and female capability to attract males, as demonstrated by RNAi-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibitor assay. Most importantly, the activities of CaN and ACC depend on the activation of PBAN/PBANR/Ca2+. Furthermore, fatty-acyl reductase 14 was involved in PBAN-mediated sex pheromone biosynthesis. Altogether, our results demonstrated that PBAN regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis through PBANR/Ca2+/CaN/ACC pathway to promote sex pheromone biosynthesis in O. furnacalis and provided a reference for non-model organism to study neuropeptide signal transduction.

Introduction Early rehabilitation of mechanically ventilated patients is safe, feasible and beneficial to prevent ICU-AW and its consequences. However, there are no guidelines or evidence-based studies about the optimal protocol of early rehabilitation. There is traditional meta-analysis about the effect of simple protocol, such as active mobilization, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, in-bed cycling exercise, interactive video games and so on, but no studies to explore the effects of multiple protocols together. For the extensive clinical implementation, it is important to conduct a network meta-analysis to compare the effect of different protocols of early rehabilitation.Methods and analysis PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, EMbase, grey literature and referent literature will be searched from inception to August 2019. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers. The primary outcome is ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW), secondary outcomes include the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU and hospital. Statistical analysis and graphical presentations will be conducted by R software (V.3.6.0). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews (V5.1.0) will be used to conduct the quality assessment. The rank possibility will be performed by the histogram. Statistical inconsistency assessment, sensitivity analysis and publication bias will be performed.Discussion This protocol is prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. The protocol gives an insight into the scope and parameters for the systematic review to be carried out.Registration number PROSPERO CRD42020141901

C60H64N18O30V10, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 21.1781(19) Å, b = 14.4198(13) Å, c = 24.543(2) Å, V = 7495.2(12) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0538, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1482, T = 298 K.

Plant root morphology is constantly reshaped in response to triggers from the soil environment. Such modifications in root system architecture involve changes in the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the apoplast and in cell wall (CW) composition. The hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) gene family in higher plants is considered important in the regulation of CW structure. However, the functions of HyPRPs remain to be characterized. We therefore analysed the functions of OsR3L1 (Os04g0554500) in rice. qRT-PCR and GUS staining revealed that OsR3L1 is expressed in roots. While the r3l1 mutants had a defective root system with fewer adventitious roots (ARs) and lateral roots (LRs) than the wild type, lines overexpressing OsR3L1 (R3L1-OE) showed more extensive LR formation but with a shorter root length. The expression of OsR3L1 was initiated by the OsMADS25 transcription factor. Moreover, the abundance of OsR3L1 transcripts was increased by NaCl. The R3L1-OE-3 line exhibited enhanced salt tolerance, whereas the r3l1-2 mutant showed greater salt sensitivity. The addition of H

Nowadays, the short video platform represented by TikTok is rising rapidly. The iterative upgrade of the Internet celebrity economy has also provided new opportunities for short videos. As a result, influencer marketing has emerged. In this study, the research objects are the top ten TikTok bloggers in the popular list published from March to May in 2020 in the “Food Interesting Stomach Project” organized by a TikTok account named “TikTok Gourmet”. With the same TikTok bloggers excluded, there are 20 TikTok food bloggers left in total. We adopt the coefficient of variation method to calculate the effect of promoting products in TikTok. By defining the effect of TikTok gourmet bloggers’ short videos with the merchandise, the factors that affect the effect of promoting products are analyzed in terms of the categories of goods, the number of times of promoting goods, and the goods platform. We compare the marketing strategies and provide methods for promoting the video traffic monetization through gourmet bloggers.

Pyruvate kinase (PYK) is a speed-limited enzyme of glycolysis that catalyzes the formation of pyruvate, and plays an important role in acetyl-CoA synthesis. The acetyl-CoA is the precursor of sex pheromone biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera. However, the role of PYK in sex pheromone biosynthesis remains elusive. Here, PYK in H. armigera (HaPYK) was found to be highly expressed in the pheromone glands (PGs). The developmental expression profile of HaPYK was consistent with the fluctuation of sex pheromone release. Function analysis revealed that the knockdown of HaPYK led to a decrease in the levels of pyruvic acid and acetyl-CoA in PGs, which in turn caused a significant decrease in cis-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald) production, female capability to attract males, and mating frequency. Further study demonstrated that sugar feeding (5% sugar) increased the transcription and enzyme activity of HaPYK, thereby facilitating sex pheromone biosynthesis. Moreover, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) upregulated HaPYK activity through protein kinase C (PKC), as shown by PKC-specific inhibitor analysis. Altogether, our results revealed that PBAN activated HaPYK by Ca2+/PKC, thereby regulating the synthesis of pyruvate and subsequent acetyl-CoA, ensuring the supply of sex pheromone precursor, and finally facilitating sex pheromone biosynthesis and mating behavior.

At this stage, 5G data system technology has been widely used in practical life and has gradually penetrated into all aspects of people’s lives and work, which is very important in the information age. Just because of insufficient time and lack of experience in 5G data system technology, there are still some flaws in the use process, which poses some threats to people’s privacy and security. Therefore, it is necessary to study the issue of data protection in the era of information and communication technology. Water-containing deposits in the sea have high p-wave velocity, high elastic impedance, high P-impedance, high s-impedance, high λρ, and low Poisson’s ratio. On the contrary, free gas-bearing deposits have low p-wave velocity, low elastic impedance, and low Poisson’s ratio, p-impedance, normal s impedance, low λρ and low Poisson' s ratio. This article is about the financial management of coastal enterprises, focusing on the analysis of big data and financial management concepts and related theoretical knowledge. Based on theoretical analysis, the current financial management status of L company is investigated and analyzed, combined with massive data and computer technology, the necessity of financial management reorganization in coastal enterprises and the application of massive data in company financial management are discussed. This article combines information management and proposes innovative financial management strategies. It is hoped that Company L can seize the opportunity of the development of informationization of the times, rationally use the convenience brought by big data, and promote its own continuous development and development.

The proportion of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in Fe-based nanozymes is a key point in determining their catalytic activity. However, it is hard to adjust the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in nanozyme systems to achieve the best catalytic performance. In this work, we successfully regulate Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in a wide range of 0.81-1.45 based on a novel porous platform of Fe doped silica hollow spheres. The homogeneous distribution and stable fixation of Fe components in Fe doped silica hollow spheres facilitate the valence regulation of Fe in the reduction heating in H2/Ar. When the Fe doped spheres (FeOx@SHSs) were used as nanozymes, different Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios have shown to influence the peroxidase-like catalytic activity greatly. The highest activity at the ratio of 1.41 should be due to the combined effects of the accelerated reaction rate by Fe2+ and the enhanced catalytic cycle efficiency by Fe3+. The FeOx@SHSs-based nanozyme is further applied to construct a facile colorimetric biosensing system, which exhibited extremely sensitive determination of glucose. This work presents an effective platform for controlling Fe valences and optimizing the peroxidase-like activity for catalytic processes or sensing systems.

We investigate the effects of high-speed rail (HSR) operation on urban growth disparity in China. Using urban panel data from 2005 to 2019 and difference-in-differences estimation, we find that the operation of HSR has exerted a strong and robust positive effect on urban growth and total factor productivity (TFP) in core cities, while this effect is much weaker in non-core cities, especially in non-core cities close to provincial capitals. Meanwhile, high-speed rail has triggered relatively slower urban growth in the central cities compared with the suburbs in regional primate prefectures. The results suggest that the extension of HSR promotes centralization across cities and local decentralization within regional primate cities.