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Rapid cleanup of oil spill is becoming a great challenge since crude oil is hard to clean up by conventional porous oil sorbents because of its high viscosity. Herein, novel fabrication of a hydrophobic/oleophilic and photothermal polydopamine (PDA)/FeCo2S4/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated polyurethane (PU) sponge using chemical polymerization and dip‐coating methods is reported. The optimized composite sponge exhibits high hydrophobicity, high absorption capacity for oils and organic liquids, excellent chemical resistance, and stable recycling. Furthermore, PDA/FeCo2S4/PDMS@PU sponge shows outstanding photothermal conversion capability. Under sunlight irradiation, crude oil viscosity can be reduced by two orders of magnitude due to the rapid temperature rise in PDA/FeCo2S4/PDMS@PU sponge. In addition, a method of in situ pumping for uninterrupted recovery of oil spills from the water surface is designed. Benefiting from great mechanical performance and photothermal conversion capacity, the PDA/FeCo2S4/PDMS@PU sponge can be regarded as an ideal sorbent candidate for the collection of crude oil and treatment of large‐scale oil spill disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely sowing and harvesting play important roles in agricultural production. The appropriate management decisions are necessary to cope with climate change and ensure high and stable crop yields. This study analyzed the effects of sowing date on the growth process of winter wheat and quantified the effects of climate resources and photothermal potential yield on theoretical yield at different stages of winter wheat. The analysis was based on the data from winter wheat interval sowing experiments conducted at the Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station (Gucheng station) in north China (115°40′ E, 39°08′ N) during 2017–2019. The results showed that: (1) with the delay in sowing date, the growth process of winter wheat significantly advanced, the proportion of vegetative growth period significantly reduced (0.19% for per day delay), the proportion of reproductive growth period (RGP) significantly increased (0.12% for per day delay), and the prewintering light and temperature resources significantly reduced (12.2 °C·d accumulated temperature and 19.0 MJ·m−2 solar radiation for per day delay); (2) the theoretical yield of winter wheat showed a significant exponential relationship with the photothermal potential yield of the whole growth period: the minimum photothermal potential for yield formation was 26.6 t·ha−1, and the maximum theoretical yield was 12.6 t·ha−1; and (3) the wheat yield and yield stability were highest when the RGP photothermal potential yield was 16.0 t·ha−1 and the prewintering active accumulated temperature was 400 °C·d. This study also proposed a method to estimate the suitable sowing and harvesting dates to achieve high and stable yield of winter wheat, showing that the suitable sowing dates of winter wheat at Gucheng station from 1997 to 2021 ranged from 1 to 15 October, with no significant interannual variation; the suitable harvesting period ranged from 5 June to 10 July and showed a trend of gradual advance with the delay of the year. The results of the study provide a reference for sowing date adjustment of crops to adapt to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiative lifetimes of 28 levels of Ta ii in the energy range 29256.907–55128.389 cm−1 were measured by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TR-LIF) spectroscopy in laser-ablation plasma. Among the results, to our knowledge, 24 lifetimes are reported for the first time. These lifetimes, ranging from 2.7 to 111 ns, were combined with theoretical branching fractions obtained from pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations including core-polarization effects to deduce semi-empirical transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for 284 Ta ii spectral lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential land supply is considered a powerful tool for intervening in the housing market in China. There has been continuous debate on the correlation between residential land supply and housing prices. Based on 35 Chinese prefecture-level cities' panel data from 2009 to 2016, this study investigates the spatio-temporal characteristics of residential land supply and housing prices, and explores their relationship applying Generalized Moment Models (GMM). The results show that ① there is an overall downward trend in residential land supply and a significant rise in housing prices in most Chinese mega cities from 2009 to 2016, and the extent varies in four economic-geographical regions; ② the decrease in the quantity of residential land supply contributes to the rise in housing prices to some degree, but there is no significant correlation between the land supply structure and housing prices. With the integration of socio-economic factors, the quantitative results validate the previous theoretical models of the casual correlation between residential land supply and housing prices. It further depicts the constraint of insufficient residential land supply in Chinese mega cities and claims it to be a contributor of rising housing prices. The paper concludes with implications for housing strategies and future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative relationship between the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift and the enthalpy of formation of monosubstituted alkanes was studied, and a new approach for calculating enthalpy of formation was proposed. The experimental values of the enthalpy of formation of 64 monosubstituted alkanes were correlated with the parameters SCS (the sum of chemical shift), P3 (path counts of length three bonds), n (the number of C atoms), h[X] (the contributions of the substituent X to the ΔfH°(RX)), and the product of IPI(X) (the interaction potential index) and PEI(R) (the polarizability effect index). The regression results show a good correlation (R = 0.9998, S = 4.5 kJ/mol). Its stability and prediction ability were confirmed by the results of the random sampling method and the leave‐one‐out method. In this paper, the 13C NMR chemical shift and the enthalpy of formation of monosubstituted alkanes were associated quantitatively. The significance is not only to propose a new method to estimate the enthalpy of formation of monosubstituted alkanes, but also to establish a new method to understand the relationship between different properties based on a same molecular structure. Moreover, it provides a new approach for calculating a molecular difficult‐to‐test property parameter by means of another easy‐to‐test one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Examining effects of built environment on crash risk of children in school commutes. • Conceptualizing the built environment with "5D + S" framework. • Introducing crash scale and quantifing crash severity with structural equation model. • Exploring the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of impacts with three types of models. • Impacts of built environments vary by spatial size, school types, and time windows. Understanding how built environment are associated with crash risk (CR) in school commuting is essential to improving travel safety through land use and transportation policies. Scholars often assume that this relationship is consistent across space, but this may lead to inconsistent estimates. To address this issue, using data in Shenzhen, China, the data covers traffic accident data of children taken from police incident reports and supplemented with local land use, transportation network and specific school information. The measurement model of crash scale was conducted to represent crash severity, and the CR was further quantified. The study applies three models, spatial dubin model (SDM), geographically weighted regression (GWR), and mixed GWR (MGWR), to explore spatio-temporal heterogeneity relationships between built environment attributes and CR of children in school commuting. The findings reveal that the crash scale can better represent crash severity of school commuting than a single indicator. Policy interventions should be targeted at specific spatial scales, school types, and time windows to effectively improve travel safety. However, there are some common findings. It is recommended to use a scale of 200 m to explain the relationship between the variables. The MGWR model outperforms the other two models. To reduce CR, it is important to consider lower road network density, a reasonable layout of educational facilities, fewer bus routes, and more on-street parking spaces. Our findings can help to enrich the understanding of associations between land use and CR of children, as well as offer local planning and operating guidance for creating child-friendly environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the considerable potential of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in treating various cancer types, it faces several challenges, of which the constrained objective response rate and relatively short duration of response observed in patients with cancer are the most important. This study introduces an injectable temperature-sensitive hydrogel, Pluronic F-127 (PF-127)@MnCl 2 / alginate microspheres (ALG-MS)@MgCl 2 , that enhances the therapeutic efficacy of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells. The hydrogel material used in this study facilitated the rapid release of a significant amount of manganese ions (Mn2+) and the gradual and sustained release of magnesium ions (Mg2+) within the tumor microenvironment. This staged release profile promotes an immune microenvironment conducive to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of ICB therapy. Furthermore, the PF-127@MnCl 2 /ALG-MS@MgCl 2 composite hydrogel exhibits the ability to convert drug-resistant tumor ("cold tumor") with a low PD-L1 response to a "hot tumor" with a high PD-L1 response. In summary, the PF-127@MnCl 2 /ALG-MS@MgCl 2 hydrogel manipulates the immune microenvironment through the precise discharge of Mg2+ and Mn2+, thus, augmenting the efficacy of ICB therapy. Enhancing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy can be achieved by manipulating the immune microenvironment by utilizing PF-127@MnCl 2 /ALG-MS@MgCl 2 injectable temperature-sensitive hydrogel. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The obtained superhydrophobic materials has excellent Photo/electro-thermal effect. • Under one sunlight, the surface temperature of the material can reach 93 ℃. • Under a voltage of 10 V, the surface temperature of the material can reach 134.6 ℃. • The obtained material can be used for photothermal defrosting and deicing. • The obtained materials have excellent durability and flame retardancy. Developing functional adsorption materials that efficiently adsorb high viscosity oil is crucial for solving oil spill accidents. Herein, low-density three-dimensional porous melamine sponge was used as the modified substrate. First, phytic acid is selected for modification to make it flame retardant. Then, polypyrrole (PPy) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) are modified on its surface through low-temperature polymerization and impregnation, ultimately obtaining a multifunctional durable superhydrophobic PA/PPy/HDTMS@MF (melamine foam) sponges with photo/electro-thermal effects and flame retardant. When the applied voltage is 10 V, the core temperature on the PA/PPy/HDTMS@MF sponge's surface rapidly increases from 26.4 °C to 134.6 °C within 80 s, and the sponge will not burn and be damaged. Under the irradiation of one sunlight (1 kW/m2), the surface core temperature can rapidly rise from 26.4 °C to 93 °C within 70 s. The superhydrophobic PA/PPy/HDTMS@MF sponge can all-weather absorb kinds of high viscosity crude oil and solid oils that are 18–27 times than its own mass, indicating that the prepared superhydrophobic sponge has excellent oil collection performance. And under one sunlight (1 kW/m2), after 10 cycles of desorption, the prepared superhydrophobic sponge can still absorb 26 times more crude oil than its own weight. In addition, PA/PPy/HDTMS@MF sponge also has the characteristic of photothermal defrosting and deicing, and the ice on its surface can begin to melt within 5 min under one sunlight (1 kW/m2). The melted water will not enter the inside of the sponge, effectively ensuring the utilization efficiency of photothermal effects. Based on the above advantages, the prepared photo/electro thermal conversion superhydrophobic sponge has excellent development prospects in the field of high viscosity oil adsorption and photothermal defrosting/deicing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fourier transform (FT) spectra were used to extend the study of the hyperfine structure (HFS) of Eu I and Eu II energy levels. • HFS constants of 29 levels and isotope shifts (IS) of 30 transition lines for Eu I from 17707.42 to 47373.10 cm−1 were determined, of which HFS constants of 22 levels and IS of 24 transition lines are reported for the first time, as far as we know. • HFS constants of 15 levels and IS of 19 transition lines for Eu II from 1669.21 to 56271.40 cm−1 were determined, of which the HFS constants of 8 levels and IS of 8 transition lines are reported for the first time, as far as we know. The magnetic dipole hyperfine structure (HFS) constants A of neutral and singly ionized europium (Eu I and Eu II) were determined using the emission spectra recorded by the Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) at the Kitt Peak, USA. The HFS constants of 29 levels of Eu I and 15 levels of Eu II were determined, from which 22 results for Eu I and 8 results for Eu II are reported for the first time, as far as we know. The isotope shifts (ISs) of 30 transitions of Eu I and 19 transitions of Eu II were also determined, and the ISs of 22 transitions of Eu I and 8 transitions of Eu II are reported for the first time. This work increases the total number of levels with experimentally determined HFS constants A to 202 for Eu I and 24 for Eu II, and increases the number of transitions with known ISs to 359 for Eu I and 36 for Eu II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]