Search

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the twigs/leaves and flower buds of Kolkwitzia amabilis, a rare deciduous shrub native to China, led to the isolation of 39 structurally diverse compounds. These compounds include 11 iridoid glycosides (1–4 and 7–13), 20 triterpenoids (5, 6, and 14–31), and 8 phenylpropanoids (32–39). Among these, amabiliosides A (1) and B (2) represent previously undescribed bis-iridoid glycosides, while amabiliosides C (3) and D (4) feature a unique bis-iridoid-monoterpenoid indole alkaloid scaffold with a tetrahydro-β-carboline-5-carboxylic acid moiety. Amabiliacids A (5) and B (6) are 24-nor-ursane-type triterpenoids characterized by an uncommon ∆11,13(18) transannular double bond. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Compound 2 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect against acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), with an IC50 value of 9.6 μM. Lonicejaposide C (8), 3β-O-trans-caffeoyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (29), and (23E)-coumaroylhederagenin (31) showed notable inhibitory effects on ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), with IC50 values of 3.6, 1.6, and 4.7 μM, respectively. Additionally, 3β-acetyl-ursolic acid (17) demonstrated dual inhibitory activity against both ACC1 and ACL, with IC50 values of 10.3 and 2.0 μM, respectively. The interactions of the active compounds with ACC1 and ACL enzymes were examined through molecular docking studies. From a chemotaxonomic perspective, the isolation of bis-iridoid glycosides in this study may aid in clarifying the taxonomic relationship between the genera Kolkwitzia and Lonicera within the Caprifoliaceae family. These findings highlight the importance of conserving plant species with unique and diverse secondary metabolites, which could serve as potential sources of new therapeutic agents for treating ACC1/ACL-associated diseases.

Objective: Investigation of the trait improvement impact of royal jelly enzymatic products (royal jelly peptides) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) model zebrafishes. Methods: 150 wild-type AB strain zebrafishes (4 days after fertilization, 4 dpf) were randomly divided into normal group, model control group, donepezil hydrochloride positive control group (3.33 μg/mL), royal jelly enzymatic digest lyophilized powder-1 group (LPR-1, 1000 μg/mL) and royal jelly enzymatic digest lyophilized powder-2 group (LPR-2, 1000 μg/mL), and these groups were added in 6-well plates, respectively. The volume of each well was 3 mL, and 30 tails of zebrafishes were employed in each group. Except for the normal group, zebrafishes in other groups were treated with aluminum chloride hexahydrate (180 μmol/L) to establish AD models. The efficacy of recovery of motor dysfunction, improvement of responsiveness, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and inhibition of apoptosis were evaluated for each experimental group after treated with corresponding drugs simultaneously for 24 h. The relative expressions of TNF-α, caspase-3 and BDNF genes were also calculated and their effects on related genes were analyzed. Results: Compared to the model control group, the LPR-1 and LPR-2 administration groups zebrafishes showed prolonged total locomotor distance (highly significant, P

Abstract The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) undergo intense osteogenic differentiation, a crucial bone formation mechanism. Evidence from prior studies suggested an association between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. However, precise roles and molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this work, we report for the first time that lncRNA KCNMA1 antisense RNA 1 (KCNMA1-AS1) plays a vital role in regulating hBMSCs’ osteogenic differentiation. Here, it was observed that the KCNMA1-AS1 expression levels were significantly upregulated during osteogenic differentiation. In addition, KCNMA1-AS1 overexpression enhanced in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and in vivo bone formation, whereas knockdown of KCNMA1-AS1 resulted in the opposite result. Additionally, the interaction between KCNMA1-AS1 and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 (SMAD9) was confirmed by an RNA pull-down experiment, mass spectrometry, and RIP assay. This interaction regulated the activation of the SMAD9 signaling pathway. Moreover, rescue assays demonstrated that the inhibitor of the SMAD9 signaling pathway reversed the stimulative effects on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by KCNMA1-AS1 overexpression. Altogether, our results stipulate that KCNMA1-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via activating the SMAD9 signaling pathway and can serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in treating bone defects.

To investigate the effect of enhanced fermentation with different species of Aspergillus on the flavor of Douchi, the quality differences between enhanced fermentation by A. flavus 7214, A. flavus 7622 or A. oryzae and natural fermentation were compared. The results showed that enhanced fermentation with A. flavus promoted an increase in the total amount of free amino acids and organic acids, particularly glutamic and acetic acids, in Douchi. A total of nine classes of compounds including esters (20), acids (11), aldehydes (12), ketones (9), alcohols (7), pyrazines (8), alkanes (10), phenols (7) and other compounds (8) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). While higher levels of pyrazine and phenolic compounds were observed in naturally fermented Douchi, enhanced fermented Douchi had more acids and aldehydes. In addition, some new volatile components, such as methyl phenyl acetate and ethyl linoleate, were formed by enhanced fermentation. Electronic nose analysis revealed that the flavor of A. flavus 7622 fermented Douchi was closest to that of naturally fermented Douchi, while the largest flavor differences were found between A. flavus 7214 fermented and naturally fermented Douchi. Furthermore, A. flavus 7214-fermented Douchi had better overall flavor in sensory evaluation, mainly in terms of aroma, sourness, sweetness, and umami. To summarize, enhanced fermentation promoted the release of free amino acids, organic acids, and volatile compounds, thereby having a significant impact on sweetness, umami, and aroma. These results could provide theoretical guidance for the industrial production of Liuyang Douchi.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the prognosis value of a combined model based on 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) baseline and interim parameters in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the PET metabolic parameters and clinical data of 154 DLBCL patients between December 2015 and October 2020. All of these patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before treatment and after three or four courses of chemotherapy. The optimal cut-off values for quantitative variables were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The baseline and interim PET/CT parameters, which respectively included maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax0), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV0), standardized total metabolic tumor volume (STMTV0), and the distance between the two furthest lesions (Dmax) and total tumor lesion glycolysis (TTLG1), SUVmax1, TMTV1, and the rate of change of SUVmax (%ΔSUVmax), and clinical characteristics were analyzed by chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and Cox regression analysis. Results Of 154 patients, 35 exhibited disease progression or recurrence. ROC analysis revealed that baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax0), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV0), standardized total metabolic tumor volume (STMTV0), and the distance between the two furthest lesions (Dmax), along with interim 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters such as total tumor lesion glycolysis (TTLG1), SUVmax1, TMTV1, and the rate of change of SUVmax (%ΔSUVmax), were predictive of relapse or progression in DLBCL patients (P

Aquatic product e-commerce is an important component of fresh e-commerce. At present, there is a lack of research on the efficiency of aquatic product e-commerce both domestically and internationally, especially when it comes to research on the efficiency and influencing factors of aquatic product e-commerce. The paper selected the input-output data of 25 coastal port cities in China's "Taobao" aquatic product e-commerce in 2019, and used the DEA model to construct the input-output index system for aquatic products e-commerce from the perspectives of human capital, informatization, logistics operation and aquatic products transaction scale. It comprehensively evaluated the efficiency of aquatic products e-commerce in coastal port cities in China. The results showed that the efficiency of aquatic products e-commerce in five coastal port cities including Dalian, Rizhao, Lianyungang, Nanjing and Zhoushan was effective, and the efficiency of aquatic products e-commerce in other cities was invalid. Suggestions were proposed as follows: strengthen interregional cooperation and optimize the resource allocation, reasonably arrange the input factors, build a cold chain logistics system and improve cold storage facilities, emphasize talent cultivation and improve talent quality.

Regenerating bone in the oral and maxillofacial region is clinically challenging due to the complicated osteogenic environment and the limitation of existing bone graft materials. Constructing bone graft materials with controlled degradation and stable mechanical properties in a physiological environment is of utmost importance. In this study, we used silk fibroin (SF) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) to fabricate a coaxial PGA-SF fibrous scaffold (PGA-SF-FS) to meet demands for bone grafts. The SF shell exerted excellent osteogenic activity while protecting PGA from rapid degradation and the PGA core equipped scaffold with excellent tenacity. The experiments related to biocompatibility and osteogenesis (e.g., cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization) demonstrated the superior ability of PGA-SF-FS to improve cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo testing using Sprague-Dawley rat cranial defect model showed that PGA-SF-FS accelerates bone regeneration as the implantation time increases, and its stepwise degradation helps to match the remodeling kinetics of the host bone tissue. Besides, immunohistochemical staining of CD31 and Col-1 confirmed the ability of PGA-SF-FS to enhance revascularization and osteogenesis response. Our results suggest that PGA-SF-FS fully utilizing the advantages of both components, exhibites stepwise degradation and superior tenacity in wetting regime, making it a promising candidate in the treatment of bone defects.

The rapid development of the electric vehicle market has greatly stimulated the demand for public charging infrastructure (PCI) and made it a pertinent topic to improve its charging service quality in the industry. Data from perceived preference, PCI and electric vehicles cannot reflect the factors influencing potential users’ anxiety. This study designed a PCI development evaluation framework to investigate the impact of economic, technological, market, policy, and social environmental factors on PCI development from the perspective of potential users. We collected a dataset including 386 potential users in Tianjin, China, and employed structural equation model to survey the implementation of PCI. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: 1) Reducing operating costs will not significantly increase PCI charging user demand and improve use efficiency for potential users; 2) Technical factors cannot directly promote the development of PCI but will reverse lag the development of the market; 3) The growing market demand is the main impetus to the development of electric vehicle industry, and the incentive policy and social environment can indirectly incentivize PCI development. The policy implications suggest that the PCI industry can experience sustainable development by continuously innovating market-oriented business models, and improving policy systems and industry mechanisms. This study provides analytical foundation and decision support for policymakers and pertinent industry participants, promotes the development of electric vehicle-related industries, and helps achieve the strategic goal of carbon neutrality.

PHD finger protein 10 (PHF10) plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). However, clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms about PHF10 is unclear. In the article, it suggested that PHF10 involved in tumor progression and metastasis based on the analysis of datasets and 190 cases of tumor tissues in GC. And PHF10 provided the diagnostic value with areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.71 ± 0.069. Then we established GC cell lines MKN28 with PHF10 overexpression and SGC7901 with PHF10 knockdown. CCK8 assay and tumor xenograft experiment showed that upregulation of PHF10 could promote MKN28 cell proliferation, while PHF10 knockdown would inhibit the proliferation of SGC7901 in vitro and vivo. Nevertheless, PHF10 could upregulate CD44 mRNA expression by acting on its promoter at the level of transcription. This effect could be associated with BRG, BAF155 and SNF5, which were conserved subunits of switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex. In conclusion, PHF10 targeting CD44 plays an essential part during the modulation of proliferation of GC cell and may offer a new therapeutic direction for GC.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the risk factors, metabolic characteristics, and potential biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-MCI) and to provide potential evidence for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A total of 103 patients with T2DM were recruited from the Endocrinology Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University for inclusion in the study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was utilized to evaluate the cognitive functioning of all patients. Among them, 50 patients were categorized into the T2DM-MCI group (MoCA score < 26 points), while 53 subjects were classified into the T2DM without cognitive impairment (T2DM-NCI) group (MoCA score ≥ 26 points). Serum samples were collected from the subjects, and metabolomics profiling data were generated by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). These groups were analyzed to investigate the differences in expression of small molecule metabolites, metabolic pathways, and potential specific biomarkers.Results: Comparison between the T2DM-MCI group and T2DM-NCI group revealed significant differences in years of education, history of insulin application, insulin resistance index, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and creatinine levels. Further binary logistic regression analysis of the variables indicated that low educational level and low serum IGFBP-3 were independent risk factor for T2DM-MCI. Metabolomics analysis revealed that differential expression of 10 metabolites between the T2DM-MCI group and T2DM-NCI group (p < 0.05 and FDR1.5). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid degradation was the most significant pathway. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:0 exhibited greater diagnostic efficiency.Conclusion: This study revealed that a shorter duration of education and lower serum IGFBP-3 levels are independent risk factors for T2DM-MCI. Serum metabolites were found to be altered in both T2DM-MCI and T2DM-NCI groups. T2DM patients with or without MCI can be distinguished by LPC 18:0. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a significant role in the development of MCI in T2DM patients.

Abstract Realization of highly tunable second-order nonlinear optical responses, e.g., second-harmonic generation and bulk photovoltaic effect, is critical for developing modern optical and optoelectronic devices. Recently, the van der Waals niobium oxide dihalides are discovered to exhibit unusually large second-harmonic generation. However, the physical origin and possible tunability of nonlinear optical responses in these materials remain to be unclear. In this article, we reveal that the large second-harmonic generation in NbOX 2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) may be partially contributed by the large band nesting effect in different Brillouin zone. Interestingly, the NbOCl2 can exhibit dramatically different strain-dependent bulk photovoltaic effect under different polarized light, originating from the light-polarization-dependent orbital transitions. Importantly, we achieve a reversible ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition in NbOCl2 and a reversible ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition in NbOI2 under a certain region of external pressure, accompanied by the greatly tunable nonlinear optical responses but with different microscopic mechanisms. Our study establishes the interesting external-field tunability of NbOX 2 for nonlinear optical device applications.

Abstract In order to dissect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a multigenic, multifactorial, and progressive neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations, researchers have generated numerous animal models to mimic the genetic defects. Concurrent and comparative analysis of these various models allows identification of the causes and mechanisms of ALS in order to finally obtain effective therapeutics. However, most genetically modified rodent models lack overt pathological features, imposing challenges and limitations in utilizing them to rigorously test the potential mechanisms. Recent studies using large animals, including pigs and non-human primates, have uncovered important events that resemble neurodegeneration in patients’ brains but could not be produced in small animals. Here we describe common features as well as discrepancies among these models, highlighting new insights from these models. Furthermore, we will discuss how to make rodent models more capable of recapitulating important pathological features based on the important pathogenic insights from large animal models.

Abstract Tauopathy, characterized by the hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and the accumulation of Aβ oligomers, constitute the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the relationship and causal roles of these two pathological changes in neurodegeneration remain to be defined, even though they occur together or independently in several neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive and movement impairment. While it is widely accepted that Aβ accumulation leads to tauopathy in the late stages of the disease, it is still unknown whether tauopathy influences the formation of toxic Aβ oligomers. To address this, we generated transgenic cynomolgus monkey models expressing Tau (P301L) through lentiviral infection of monkey embryos. These monkeys developed age-dependent neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction. Additionally, we performed a stereotaxic injection of adult monkey and mouse brains to express Tau (P301L) via AAV9 infection. Importantly, we found that tauopathy resulting from embryonic transgenic Tau expression or stereotaxic brain injection of AAV-Tau selectively promoted the generation of Aβ oligomers in the monkey spinal cord. These Aβ oligomers were recognized by several antibodies to Aβ1–42 and contributed to neurodegeneration. However, the generation of Aβ oligomers was not observed in other brain regions of Tau transgenic monkeys or in the brains of mice injected with AAV9-Tau (P301L), suggesting that the generation of Aβ oligomers is species- and brain region-dependent. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that tauopathy can trigger Aβ pathology in the primate spinal cord and provide new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of tauopathy.

Abstract In 2021, breast cancer accounted for a substantial proportion of cancer cases and represented the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Although tumor cells originate from normal cells in the human body, they possess distinct biological characteristics resulting from changes in gene structure and function of cancer cells in contrast with normal cells. These distinguishing features, known as hallmarks of cancer cells, differ from those of normal cells. The hallmarks primarily include high metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and resistance to cell death. Current evidence suggests that the fundamental hallmarks of tumor cells affect the tissue structure, function, and metabolism of tumor cells and their internal and external environment. Therefore, these fundamental hallmarks of tumor cells enable tumor cells to proliferate, invade and avoid apoptosis. Modifying these hallmarks of tumor cells represents a new and potentially promising approach to tumor treatment. The key to breast cancer treatment lies in identifying the optimal therapeutic agent with minimal toxicity to normal cells, considering the specific types of tumor cells in patients. Some herbal medicines contain active ingredients which can precisely achieve this purpose. In this review, we introduce Ginsenoside's mechanism and research significance in achieving the therapeutic effect of breast cancer by changing the functional hallmarks of tumor cells, providing a new perspective for the potential application of Ginsenoside as a therapeutic drug for breast cancer.

Objective Copper is an important strategic metal resource for national economic and social development. Therefore, the exploration and resource assessment of copper mines are of great significance. Methods Based on collected geological profiles and drilling data, this study constructed a three-dimensional geological model for a copper ore deposit in western Yunnan, which was applied to estimate the resource reserve in the mining area. Results The ore resource is estimated to be 48.93 million tons, including 0.543 million tons of copper. Through comparative analysis, the model and resource estimation established by our newly proposed three-dimensional geological modelling system shows high credibility, in which multiple analysis modules and dynamic update function have a wide range of applications and it can be used for future drilling engineering and resources estimation. Conclusion This study provides the basis for further exploration work in this region, and it can also be applied to the exploration and mining of related polymetallic deposits.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXene) possess attractive conductivity and abundant surface functional groups, providing immense potential in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, high conductivity and spontaneous aggregation of MXene suffer from limited EMW response. Inspired by dielectric–magnetic synergy effect, the strategy of decorating MXene with magnetic elements is expected to solve this challenge. In this work, zigzag-like Mo2TiC2–MXene nanofibers (Mo-based MXene (Mo–MXene) NFs) with cross-linked networks are fabricated by hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and potassium hydroxide (KOH) shearing processes. Subsequently, Co-metal–organic framework (MOF) and derived CoNi layered double hydroxide (LDH) ultrathin nanosheets are grown inside Mo–MXene NFs, and the N-doped carbon matrix anchored by CoNi alloy nanoparticles formed by pyrolysis is firmly embedded in the Mo–MXene NFs network. Benefiting from synergistic effect of highly dispersed small CoNi alloy nanoparticles, a three-dimensional (3D) conductive network assembled by zigzag-like Mo–MXene NFs, numerous N-doped hollow carbon vesicles, and abundant dual heterogeneous interface, the designed Mo–MXene/CoNi–NC heterostructure provides robust EMW absorption ability with a reflection loss (RL) value of −68.45 dB at the thickness (d) of 4.38 mm. The robust EMW absorption performance can be attributed to excellent dielectric loss, magnetic loss, impedance matching (Z), and multiple scattering and reflection triggered by the unique 3D network structure. This work puts up great potential in developing advanced MXene-based EMW absorption devices.

For the first time, this study presents the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Eonemachilus longidorsalis, an endemic species in southwest China. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,569 bp in length with a base composition of 30.2% A, 27.3% T, 16.6% G, and 25.9% C. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitogenomes shows that E. Longidorsalis clusters with Yunnanilus jiuchiensis, Yunnanilus pleurotaenia and Eonemachilus niger. This contribution may provide a valuable framework for completely resolving phylogenetic relationships of the family Nemacheilidae in future research.

Summary: Background: Lung injury might take place before chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs. A clearer definition of “pre-COPD” based on the effects of potential indicators on increasing risk of COPD development and a prediction model involving them are lacking. Methods: A total of 3526 Chinese residents without COPD aged 40 years or older derived from the national cross-sectional survey of COPD surveillance in 2014–2015 were followed up for a mean of 3.59 years. We examined the associations of chronic bronchitis, preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), low peak expiratory flow (PEF), spirometric small airway dysfunction (sSAD), low maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), low forced expiratory flow 50% of pulmonary volume (FEF50), and low FEF75 with subsequent COPD and constructed a prediction model with LASSO-Cox regression. Findings: 235 subjects in the cohort developed COPD during the follow-up. Subjects with PRISm, low PEF, sSAD, low MMEF, low FEF50, and low FEF75 had an increased risk of developing COPD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] ranging from 1.57 to 3.01). Only chronic bronchitis (HR 2.84 [95% CI 1.38–5.84] and 2.94 [1.43–6.04]) and sSAD/low MMEF (HR 2.74 [2.07–3.61] and 2.38 [1.65–3.43]) showed effects independent of the other indicators and their concurrence had the strongest effect (HR 5.89 and 4.80). The prediction model including age, sex, low MMEF, low FEF50, and indoor exposure to biomass had good performance both internally and temporally. The corrected C-index was 0.77 (0.72–0.81) for discrimination in internal validation. For temporal validation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 (0.63–0.83). Good calibration was indicated in plot for internal validation and by Hosmer–Lemeshow test for temporal validation. Interpretation: Individuals with concurrent chronic bronchitis and sSAD/low MMEF indicating pre-COPD optimally require more high attention from physicians. Our prediction model could serve as a multi-dimension tool to predict COPD comprehensively. Funding: The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 摘要: 背景: 在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)出现前, 肺损伤可能已经发生。目前尚缺乏依据潜在指标对升高COPD发生风险的影响而产生的更明确的''慢阻肺前期''的定义, 以及包含这些潜在指标的慢阻肺发病预测模型。 方法: 本研究基于2014–2015年中国居民慢阻肺监测横断面调查, 对3526名40岁及以上的非慢阻肺居民进行了平均3.59年的随访；旨在分析慢性支气管炎、保留比值的肺功能损伤 (preserved ratio impaired spirometry, PRISm)、低呼气峰流速 (peak expiratory flow, PEF)、小气道功能障碍 (spirometric small airway dysfunction, sSAD)、低最大呼气中期流速 (maximal mid-expiratory flow, MMEF)、低呼出50%用力肺活量时的最大呼气流速 (forced expiratory flow 50% of pulmonary volume, FEF50)、低FEF75与COPD发生的关系, 并采用LASSO-Cox回归构建预测模型。 结果: 本前瞻性队列中共有235名研究对象在随访期间发展为COPD患者。PRISm、低PEF、sSAD、低MMEF、低FEF50和低FEF75者发生COPD的风险增加(调整后的风险比 [hazard ratio, HR] 在1.57至3.01之间)。只有慢性支气管炎 (HR 2.84 [95% CI 1.38–5.84] 和2.94 [1.43–6.04]) 和sSAD/低MMEF (HR 2.74 [2.07–3.61] 和2.38 [1.65–3.43]) 的效应独立于其他指标, 且慢性支气管炎和sSAD共存或慢性支气管炎和低MMEF共存的效应最强 (HR 5.89和4.80)。本研究构建的预测模型因子包括年龄、性别、低MMEF、低FEF50和室内生物燃料暴露。该模型在内部验证和外部验证中均表现出良好的预测性能。内部验证中该模型的区分度即校正后C-index为0.77 (0.72–0.81)。外部验证中受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.73 (0.63–0.83)。该模型在内部验证的校准图和外部验证的Hosmer-Lemeshow检验中均显示出良好的校准度。 解读: 慢性支气管炎和sSAD/低MMEF是提示COPD前期的最佳指标, 同时存在这两种表现的个体需引起临床医生的高度重视。本研究构建的预测模型可以作为一个多维度的综合预测COPD的工具。 资助: 中华人民共和国财政部、科学技术部和国家自然科学基金。

Accurate power consumption assessment is of critical importance in the fast-evolving world of cloud and edge computing. These technologies enable rapid data processing and storage but they also require huge amounts of energy. This energy requirement directly impacts operational costs, as well as environmental responsibility. We are conducting research to develop a specialized cloud-edge power measurement and security model. This model delivers reliable power usage data from these systems while maintaining security for the data they process and store. A combination of simulation-based analysis and real-world experimentation helped us to deliver these results. Monte Carlo based simulations produced power usage predictions under various conditions and Load Testing validated their real-world performance. A Threat Modeling-based security study identified potential vulnerabilities and suggested protection protocols. A collaborative approach enhances power measurements accuracy and encourages secure operation of the combined cloud-edge systems. By fusing these metrics, a more efficient and secure operation of computing resources becomes possible. This research underscores the critical importance of developing advanced techniques for power metering and security in cloud-edge computing systems. Future research may focus on both expanding the model’s use to an array of larger, more complex networks, as well as the inclusion of AI driven predictive analytics to amplify accuracy of power management.