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Extriangulated categories were introduced by Nakaoka and Palu to give a unification of properties in exact categories and extension-closed subcategories of triangulated categories. A notion of tilting pairs in an extriangulated category is introduced in this paper. We give a Bazzoni characterization of tilting pairs in this setting. We also obtain Auslander-Reiten correspondence of tilting pairs which classifies finite $\mathcal{C}$-tilting subcategories for a certain self-orthogonal subcategory $\mathcal{C}$ with some assumptions. This generalizes the known results given by Wei and Xi for the categories of finitely generated modules over Artin algebras, thereby providing new insights in exact and triangulated categories., 25 pages

Macrobrachium tenuipes sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6, 7A, B, 8A, C) Material examined. Holotype: Adult male (FU, 2018-11-25-01), tl 66.9 mm, cl 17.9 mm, rl 16.5 mm; a cave pool near Lalan, Mashan County, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southwestern China (23° 41' 42" N, 108° 18' 45" E, alt. 310 m), November 25, 2018. Paratypes: 1 male (FU, 2018-11-25-02) tl 40.8 mm, cl 9.1 mm, rl 8.2 mm. 2 females, (FU, 2018-11-25-02), tl 60.0– 62.9 mm, cl 15.0– 18.1 mm, rl 14.8–16.0 mm, same data as for holotype. Comparative material examined. Macrobrachium superbum (Heller 1862), 2 males cl 14.5–15.2 mm, 2 females cl 15.8–16.2 mm, Green Cave Pool, near Yanqian Village, Longwen Town, Mei County, Guangdong province, China (24° 34' 10" N, 116° 21' 3" E, alt. 105.2m). Description. Rostrum (Figs. 5A, 7A, 7B) long, slender, directed forward, slightly convex above orbital margin, 0.8–1.1 times of cl, overreaching scaphocerite, directed forward; dorsal margin with 11–12 teeth, of which 3 or 4 teeth behind orbit, these teeth unequally spaced, becoming more widely toward anterior; ventral margin with 3 or 4 teeth. Carapace (Figs. 5A, 7A, 8A, 8C) glabrous,antennal spine well-developed, situated below lower orbital angle, tip slightly overreaching anterolateral margin of carapace; hepatic spine smaller than antennal spine,slightly below level of tantennal spine; branchiostegal groove present. Eyes (Figs. 5A, 7A, 8A, 8C) well-developed;cornea large and pigmented accessory pigment spot evident. Antennular peduncle basal segment (Fig. 6A) with sharp stylocerite reaching midlength of segment; anterior margin of basal segment distinctly convex, distolateral spine slender, reaching beyond half of second peduncular segment; second segment 0.26–0.29 times as long as basal segment, 0.79–0.81 times as long as distal segment. All segments except distal segment with submarginal plumose setae. Antennal scaphocerite (Fig. 6B) relartively slender, subrectangular, 4.1 times as long as wide; outer margin almost straight, terminating in moderately strong spine far exceeded by produced, rounded distal lamella. Mandible (Fig. 6C) with 3-segmented palp; incisor process robust, with 3 sharp teeth; molar process stout, truncate distally, with 3 blunt teeth. Maxillule (Fig. 6D) with bilobed palp, outer lobe stout, slightly longer than lower lobe, setose distally, inner lobe hooked, devoid of setae; basial endite broadly elongated, distal margin with row of strong spines; coxal endite as long as upper lacinia, tapering to truncate tip distally, with dense setae. Maxilla (Fig. 6E) with simple palp; basial endite consisting of two slender lobes, both lobes with numerous simple setae distally; scaphognathite broad, about 4.8 times as long as wide. First maxilliped (Fig. 6F) with distally tapering palp, not reaching anterior margin of caridean lobe, basial and coxal endites distinct, with setae on margin; exopod with well-developed caridean lobe, flagellum with numerous plumose setae distally; epipod divided into two broad lobes, proximal lobe smaller than anterior lobe, oval, distal lobe triangular. Second maxilliped (Fig. 6G) with normal endopod, dactylus fused with propodus for its entire length, with densely setae on margin; exopod well developed, flagellum with plumose setae distally, epipod simple, with welldeveloped podobranch. Most characters described for mouthparts are general for taxa of Palaemoninae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 6H) with moderately slender endopod; antepenultimate with row of simple setae on inner margin; carpus 0.72 times length of antepenultimate, with row of long, simple setae on inner margin and sparse simple setae on outer margin; distal segment about 0.85 times penultimate segment, with rows of long, simple setae on inner and outer margins; exopod not reaching distal end of antepenultimate, with plumose setae distally; two arthrobranchs, one rudimentary and obscured by larger. First pereiopod (Fig. 5B) slender, overreaching scaphocerite by 5/6 length of carpus; ischium 0.52–0.61 times as long as merus; merus 0.76–0.81 times as long as carpus; carpus 1.9–2.1 times as long as the chela; fingers 0.8–0.9 times as long as palm. Second pereiopods (Figs. 6C, 6D) subequal and similar from right to left in both males and females, and extended beyond the scaphocerite by 4/5 the merus.The merus was about 1.1-1.2 times as long as the ischium; carpus 8.9–9.9 times as long as wide, about 1.2–1.3 times as long as merus, 1.1 times as long as palm; palm not particularly inflated, 6.8–7.5 times as long as wide; fingers 0.75–0.86 times as long as palm, not particularly setose, without gape when crossed; fixed finger proximally with 1 tooth on occulsal margin, dactylus proximally with 2 teeth. Third pereiopod (Fig. 5E) relatively slender for genus, overreaching end of third segment of antennular peduncle by 1/2 length of propodus; dactylus 4.6–4.8 times as long as wide, propodus 3.4–3.7 times as long as dactylus, 1.6–1.7 times as long as carpus, with 6–8 spines on flexor margin; merus 1.9–2.1 times as long as carpus. Fourth pereiopod generally similar to third pereiopod, overreaching end of third segment of antennular peduncle by 1/2 propodus. Fifth pereiopods (Fig. 5F) overreaching end of third segment of antennular peduncle by 2/3 length of propodus; propodus 4.5–5.0 times as long as dactylus, 1.5–1.7 times as long as carpus, with 7–9 spines on posterior margin; merus 1.3–1.4 times as long as carpus, dactylus about 5.6 times as long as width, terminating in a small claw. Male first pleopods with endopod of about half length of exopod; inner margin slightly concave; distal margin rounded, without even trace of appendix interna. Male second pleopod with well developed appendix masculina on endopod, reaching midlength of endopod, about twice as long as appendix interna, bearing numerous stiff setae. Abdomen (Fig. 5A) glabrous, smooth, pleura of first to fifth somites broadly rounded, sixth somite 1.2–1.3 times as long as fifth somite, about 0.66–0.67 times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 6I) smooth, 0.42–0.60 times of cl, longer than sixth abdominal segment, dorsal surface with 2 pairs of stout movable spines, posterior margin tapering regularly to a sharp point with 2 pairs of posterior spines, numerous setae present between inner spines. The uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 6I) had a spine, which was slight longer than the outer angle. Coloration. Body is close to transparency, showing a yellowish color; all appendages generally translucent to faint yellow (Figs. 8A, 8C). Remarks. With regards to the smooth carapace, abdomen, and the relatively slender pereiopods, Phone & Suzuki (2004) referred to Palaemon-like Macrobrachium species group, and referred five species to this group: Arachnochium mirabile (Kemp 1917) (= M. mirabile (Kemp 1917)), Tenuipedium palaemonoides (Holthuis 1950) (= M. palaemonoides (Holthuis,1950))(Wowor & Ng 2010), M. superbum (Heller 1862), M. inflatum Liang & Yan 1985 & M. patheinense Phone & Suzuki 2004. In addition, the epigean species, M. edentatum Liang & Yan 1986 from Sichuan province and four cave-dwelling speices, include the new species, from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, i.e., M. lingyunense Li & Luo 2001, M. elegantum Pan et al. 2010, M. duanensis Lan et al. 2017 & M. tenuipes sp. nov. also possess slender second pereiopods. All these 10 species can be separated quickly in two subgroups by the ratio of finger and palm of second pereiopod. In the first subgroup (M. tenuipes sp. nov., M. edentatum, and M. inflatum), the finger is shorter than the palm. In the second subgroup (M. superbum, A. mirabile, T. palaemonoides, M. patheinense, M. lingyunense, M. elegantum, and M. duanensis), the finger is distinctly longer than the palm. The new species, M. tenuipes sp. nov. belongs in the first subgroup. It can be distinguished from M. edentatum by the longer rostrum, beyond end of the scaphocerite (versus reaching the end of third segment of antennular peduncle); presenting proximal teeth on cutting edge of finger of second pereiopod (versus cutting edge entire, lacking tooth), and the merus longer than the ischium (versus the merus shorter than the ischium). M. tenuipes sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. inflatum by with fewer dorsal teeth (8–12 versus 12–17); the palm of male second pereiopod not inflated (versus inflated) and about 6.9–7.4 times as long as wide (versus 3.5–3.6 times); the finger distinctly shorter than merus (versus the finger as along as the merus); and the ischium shorter than the merus (versus the ischium distinctly longer than the merus). Compared to the second subgroup, morphologically, M. tenuipes sp. nov. is more similar to the epigean M. superbum than other 6 species. However, the two species can be easily distinguished because in M. tenuipes sp. nov. the rostrum is slightly convex and with 8–12 dorsal teeth (Figs. 6A, 7A, 7B); presenting proximal teeth on the cutting edges of finger of second pereiopod (Fig. 5D). Whereas in the M. superbum the rostrum is straight and with 11–15 dorsal teeth (Figs. 7C, 7D); lacking tooth on the cutting edges of finger of second pereiopod (Fig. 7F). M. tenuipes sp. nov. could be distinguished from M. patheinense by the rostrum is slightly convex, with tip directed forward (versus the rostrum straight, tip slightly upwards), the proportionately shorter carpus of second pereiopod (the carpus is about 1.1 times as long as palm versus about 2.0 timesas long as palm), the ischium shorter than the merus (versus the ischium distinctly longer than the merus), and presenting proximal teeth on the cutting edges of finger (versus lacking tooth on the cutting edges). Regarding to four cave-dwelling speices, M. lingyunense, M. elegantum, M. duanensis, and M. tenuipes sp. nov. from Guangxi, southwestern China. The new species M. tenuipes sp. nov. has well developed eyes, large and pigmented cornea, well accessory pigment spot; shorter finger, slender and not inflated palm of second pereiopod. But other three speices (stygobitic), M. lingyunense, M. elegantum, M. douanensis possess the same characters associated with the subterranean lifestyle, such as, strongly degenerated eyes with unpigmented corneas and the absence of eyestalk; longer finger, and subcylindrical and inflated palm of second pereiopod. Biotope. Individuals of the present new species were captured at bottom of the darkness cave pool, a atyid shrimp (unidentified), a fish (Sinocylocheilus macrolepes Wang & Chen 1989), and a crab (Chinapotamon glabrum Dai et al. 1980) were observed and captured simultaneously. Distribution. Only known from the type locality near Lalan, Mashan County, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southwestern China. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin “ tenuis ” meaning slender and “pes” meaning leg in reference to the slender pereiopods. Sequences alignment and data partition. Both COI and 18S rRNA sequences representing nineteen Macrobrachium species and outgroup were aligned using automatic strategies and default parameters in the MAFFT v7.313 software (Katoh & Standley 2013). Subsequently, COI and 18S rRNA sequences were concatenated. Final alignment length reached up to 1216bp within which COI sequences were accounted within the first 543 basepairs and 18S rRNA sequences constituted basepairs from 544 to 1216. The best model of evoluton was GTR+G model for each data block. Molecular phylogenetic results. The topology of the Bayesian method (BI) tree and the maximum likelihood method (ML) tree are basically the same. Phylogenetic tree revealed the relationship between Macrobrachium tenuipes sp. nov. and other nineteen species of palaemonids. M. tenuipes sp. nov. is clustering with M. laevis, M. maculatum and M. asperulum (Figs. 3, 4). The genetic distance between M. tenuipes sp. nov. and the remaining eighteen species of Macrobrachium based on COI and 18S rRNA are indicated in Table 2. The new species is well isolated from M. superbum with a sequence divergence of 15.5% (COI) and 2.9% (18S rRNA), respectively, supporting the morphology-based description of M. tenuipes as a new species. Interspecific genetic divergence (K2P) among these nineteen species were 9.4%–23.7% (COI) and 0.9%–4.9% (18S rRNA), respectively. Based on COI sequence, the genetic distance of Macrobrachium tenuipes sp. nov and the remaining eighteen of the Macrobrachium in this study was greater than 2%. This result is in accordance with the minimum interspecific genetic distance of 2% recommended by Hebert, Ratnasingham & de Waard (2003). In the 18S rRNA pairwise genetic distance, in addition to the genetic distance between M. tenuipes sp. nov. and M. asperulu m and M. maculatum is slightly less than 2%, the genetic distance from the other Macrobrachium is greater than 2%. It can be seen from the morphological description that the new species is the most similar in morphology to the M. superbum. In the DNA barcode technology framework, there are two criteria for species definition (Wiens & Penkrot 2002; Hebert et al. 2004): (1) a standard genetic distance threshold for distinguishing between species and interspecies variability is called “barcode gap”; (2) Species form separate branches in the phylogenetic tree. The "barcode gap" was successfully detected in the DNA barcode fragment used in this study. Based on genetic data, Macrobrachium tenuipes sp. nov. and M. superbum have a large interspecific genetic distance (15.5% in COI and 2.9% in 18S rRNA). It is very useful to study the relationship between intraspecific population and related species by studying mitochondrial DNA. The rate of evolution of the rRNA gene is much slower. In addition, the new species also formed an independent branch. In the phylogenetic tree (Figs. 3, 4), Macrobrachium tenuipes sp. nov. (two specimens) form a clade with M. laevis, M. maculatum and M. asperulum, with this clade being a sister to M. shokitai. The posterior probabilities and bootstrap are 63.7% and 70%, Moreover, the topological structure of the NJ tree and the ML tree are basically the same, and in both phylogenetic trees, Macrobrachum tenuipes sp. nov. can form an independent branch. Therefore, here we have reason to believe phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA COI sequence and nuclear genome 18S rRNA confirmed that M. tenuipes could be identified as a new species.

Based on morphological, molecular, and ecological evidences, a fourth species of cave-dwelling shrimp Macrobrachium tenuipes sp. nov. is described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southwestern China. This new species with smooth carapace and the extremely slender pereiopods, can be separated from other congeners by the shape of rostrum; the segmental ratios, the arrangement of teeth on the cutting edge of the fingers of second pereiopod; the longer and narrower scaphocerite; and the longer uropodal diaeresis spine. The new taxon is genetically distinct from 18 other species of Macrobrachium for which COI and 18S rRNA sequences are available. The data observed on the habitat and ecology will contribute to the conservation for M. tenuipes sp. nov.

Zhu, Xiao-Ping, Chen, Qing-Hua, Zheng, Xiao-Zhuang, Chen, Wen-Jian, Guo, Zhao-Liang (2020): Macrobrachium tenuipes, a new stygophile freshwater prawn specie (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from a karst cave of Guangxi, southwestern China. Zootaxa 4759 (4): 511-529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.3

Extriangulated categories were introduced by Nakaoka and Palu to give a unification of properties in exact categories and triangulated categories. We consider in this article the Grothendieck group K 0 ( C ) of an extriangulated category C . We show that a locally finite extriangulated category C always has almost split extensions and in this case the relations of the Grothendieck group K 0 ( C ) are generated by the Auslander-Rieten E -triangles. We give a partial converse result when restricting to the triangulated categories with a cluster tilting subcategory: in the triangulated category with a cluster tilting subcategory, the relations of the Grothendieck group are generated by AR-triangles if and only if the triangulated category is locally finite. We also show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between subgroups of K 0 ( C ) containing the image of G and dense G − (co)resolving subcategories of C where G a generator of C , which generalizes results about classifying subcategories of a triangulated or exact category C by subgroups of K 0 ( C ) .

Objectives The purpose of this study was to estimate the fatigue life of premolars restored with two dental ceramics, lithium disilicate (LD) and polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC) using the numerical method and compare it with the published in vitro data. Methods A premolar restored with full-coverage crown was digitized. The volumetric shape of tooth tissues and crowns were created in Mimics®. They were transferred to IA-FEMesh for mesh generation and the model was analyzed with Abaqus. By combining the stress distribution results with fatigue stress–life (S–N) approach, the lifetime of restored premolars was predicted. Results The predicted lifetime was 1,231,318 cycles for LD with fatigue load of 1400 N, while the one for PIC was 475,063 cycles with the load of 870 N. The peak value of maximum principal stress occurred at the contact area (LD: 172 MPa and PIC: 96 MPa) and central fossa (LD: 100 MPa and PIC: 64 MPa) for both ceramics which were the most seen failure areas in the experiment. In the adhesive layer, the maximum shear stress was observed at the shoulder area (LD: 53.6 MPa and PIC: 29 MPa). Significance The fatigue life and failure modes of all-ceramic crown determined by the numerical method seem to correlate well with the previous experimental study.

Background The CRISPR/dCas9 system is a powerful tool to activate the transcription of target genes in eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, but lacks assays in complex conditions, such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Results In this study, to improve the transcription of the heterologously expressed biosynthetic genes for the production of epothilones, we established the CRISPR/dCas9-mediated activation technique in Myxococcus xanthus and analyzed some key factors involving in the CRISPR/dCas9 activation. We firstly optimized the cas9 codon to fit the M. xanthus cells, mutated the gene to inactivate the nuclease activity, and constructed the dCas9-activator system in an epothilone producer. We compared the improvement efficiency of different sgRNAs on the production of epothilones and the expression of the biosynthetic genes. We also compared the improvement effects of different activator proteins, the ω and α subunits of RNA polymerase, and the sigma factors σ54 and CarQ. By using a copper-inducible promoter, we determined that higher expressions of dCas9-activator improved the activation effects. Conclusions Our results showed that the CRISPR/dCas-mediated transcription activation is a simple and broadly applicable technique to improve the transcriptional efficiency for the production of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. This is the first time to construct the CRISPR/dCas9 activation system in myxobacteria and the first time to assay the CRISPR/dCas9 activations for the biosynthesis of microbial secondary metabolites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0867-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We used force-field based grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulation method and density functional theory to study adsorption characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules in a metal-organic framework (MOF) compound, [Zn(bdc)(dpds)]n. The studied MOF include a metal ion (Zn(II)), an anion organic linker (dianion of benzene dicarboxylicacid, bdc2−) and a neutral organic linker (4,4′-dipyridyldisulfide, dpds). Results from calculated adsorption isotherms and enthalpies of adsorption agree with the experimental data. The interactions between the adsorbed CO2 and the organic linkers were examined in simulations. Calculated results show available absorption sites are surrounded by two dpds ligands in which an S-S bond as an N-N′ spacer connect two pyridines. In contrast, the bdc2− ligand does not give a significant contribution to the substantial adsorption amount even though it contains the carboxylate group that provides available bonding site to CO2.

We have successfully synthesized a multilayer-structured composite based on a combination of polydopamine (PDA)-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@PDA) and silver nanowires (AgNWs@PDA) using a flexible and rapid method. We incorporated the structure into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer to enhance thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of nanocomposite films. Compared with Ag@PDA/PVA and AgNWs@PDA/PVA films, the use of multilayer-structure facilitated increased thermal conductivity and reduced permittivity of the nanocomposite film. The maximum thermal conductivity of composite with 10 wt% filler loading was increased to 3.63 W/mK, which is an enhancement by nearly 20 times compared with the use of neat PVA matrix. The relative permittivity and dielectric loss were about 6.65 and 0.024 at 1 MHz, respectively. We discussed the underlying mechanisms in an effort to optimize the structure for polymer matrix nanocomposites.

Objective Numerous bond strength tests have been performed on dental adhesion experiments. Yet, the validity of these bond strength tests is controversial due to the name ( e.g. , “shear” or “tensile”) may not reflect to the true and complete stress situation, i.e. , assumed uniform shear or uniaxial tensile conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to simulate and compare the stress distribution of and between shear bond strength (SBS), tensile bond strength (TBS), mold-enclosed shear bond strength (ME-SBS) and de novo lever-induced mold-enclosed shear bond strength (LIME-SBS) tests. Methods 3-Dimensional finite element method (FEM) was used on the dental resin-bonded surfaces ( i.e. , titanium alloy, dentine and porcelain) interphased with adhesive layer (thickness 5 μm) to simulate the mechanical tests. For ME-SBS, both polycarbonate and stainless steel molds were used. For LIME-SBS, stainless steel levers and molds with lengths of 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm were used. The applied loads on these models were 50 N, 100 N and 200 N. Results De novo LIME-SBS test was the most optimal configuration to evaluate “shear” bond strength of adhesive in regards to providing significantly high and uniform shear stress as well as eliminating tensile stress at the interface. The conventional SBS test created very high tensile stress at the load area, whereas the TBS created optimal tensile stress but shear stress indeed co-exist. The ME-SBS test could also eliminate some of the tensile stress. Similar stress distributions pattern appeared on the Ti-adhesive models, the dentine-adhesive models and porcelain-adhesive models. Significance None of the bond strength tests could give purely “shear” or “tensile” bond strength, but LIME-SBS seems to be the best model to evaluate the bond strength under true “shear” mode.

As the link among species, ecological environment, and ecosystem function, functional diversity can help us to better understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. We analyzed functional diversity with thirteen functional traits reflecting the characteristics of food acquisition, locomotion, ecological adaptation, reproduction and population dynamics of fish species. The seasonal, interannual and spatial variations of functional diversity of fish communities were examined using functional richness index (FRic), functional evenness index (FEve), functional divergence index (FDiv) and community weighted mean index (CWM) based on the data from the bottom trawl surveys in spring and autumn from 2011 to 2017 (except 2012) in Haizhou Bay. The results showed that functional diversity indices were significantly different in spring and autumn, with FRic was significantly higher in autumn than that in spring and FDiv was significantly higher in spring than that in autumn. Migration might be the main reason for the seasonal change of functional diversity indices. CWM analysis showed that dominant fish species were cold-temperate or warm-temperate species, with higher trophic level, strong motion ability, and relatively high growth coefficient, resilience and vulnerability in spring. In autumn, the dominant species showed the opposite traits. In both spring and autumn, fish species with pelagic eggs dominated the fish communities. Inter-annual variations in functional diversity indices were observed in spring and autumn. The functional diversity indices showed an annual fluctuation during the study period in both spring and autumn, indicating the low stability of fish community in Haizhou Bay. Significant spatial changes in functional diversity of fish assemblages were observed, with FDiv being higher in the offshore coastal waters (20 m) than that in the shallow waters (20 m). The functional diversity showed obvious spatio-temporal variation. The ecological niches and resource utilization of fish species varied with season, year and space in Haizhou Bay.功能多样性是联系物种、生态环境和生态系统功能的基础.从功能多样性的角度研究群落结构,有助于更好地理解生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系.本研究根据2011—2017年(除2012年外)春、秋季海州湾渔业资源底拖网调查数据,选取反映鱼类摄食、运动、生态适应性、繁殖行为和种群动态特征的13个功能性状,利用功能丰富度指数、功能均匀度指数、功能离散度指数和群落特征加权平均数指数(CWM),研究了海州湾鱼类群落功能多样性的季节、年际和空间的变化.结果表明: 海州湾鱼类群落功能多样性指数具有显著的季节差异,其中秋季功能丰富度指数显著高于春季,春季功能离散度指数显著高于秋季,鱼类洄游是造成功能多样性指数季节变化的主要原因;CWM分析表明,春季鱼类群落优势种为营养级较高、运动能力较强、生长系数、恢复力和脆弱性较高的冷/暖温性鱼类,秋季则相反,春、秋季鱼类群落均以产浮性卵鱼类为主;鱼类群落功能多样性指数呈现一定的年际变化,其中春、秋季各功能多样性指数在不同年际均呈波动趋势,表明海州湾鱼类群落稳定性较低;鱼类群落功能多样性指数呈现显著的空间差异,其中20 m以深远岸水域功能离散度指数较高.海州湾鱼类群落功能多样性具有明显的时空变化特征,鱼类生态位与其对资源的利用均随季节、年际和空间而变化.

Extriangulated category was introduced by Nakaoka and Palu to give a unification of properties in exact categories and triangulated categories. A notion of tilting (or cotilting) subcategories in an extriangulated category is defined in this paper. We give a Bazzoni characterization of tilting (or cotilting) subcategories and obtain an Auslander-Reiten correspondence between tilting (cotilting) subcategories and coresolving covariantly (resolving contravariantly, resp.) finite subcatgories which are closed under direct summands and satisfies some cogenerating (generating, resp.) conditons. Applications of the results are given: we show that tilting (cotilting) subcategories defined here unify many previous works about tilting theory in module categories of Artin algebras and abelian categories admitting a cotorsion triples; we also show that the results work for triangulated categories with a proper class of triangles introduced by Beligiannis., Comment: 28 pages, 0 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1605.05607, arXiv:1702.00244 by other authors

Background Social differences for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be related to attentional bias toward threatening emotional faces. However, studies investigating this attentional bias in individuals with ASD vary in paradigms and results. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis across different reaction time tasks, including dot-probe, spatial cuing, visual search and emotional Stroop tasks, to examine the attentional bias toward threatening emotional faces in individuals with ASD. Narrative synthesis further summarized possible moderators affecting attentional bias. Results We used systematic searches to identify 21 empirical studies with 1,805 participants in total (ASD n = 909). Individuals with ASD showed a small but significant attentional bias toward threatening emotional faces over other faces (g = 0.162), which was similar to individuals with typical development (g = 0.203). Moderator analysis showed that adults with ASD showed a larger attentional bias than children with ASD. For the dot-probe and spatial cuing paradigms, attentional bias toward threatening emotional faces was observed when stimuli were presented for less than 500 ms, and bias away from threatening emotional faces was shown when stimuli were presented for over 500 ms. For the visual search paradigm, attentional bias was significant in button-press tasks, but not in touch-screen tasks. Furthermore, attentional bias was only observed when the stimuli were schematic faces and reference materials were happy faces. Conclusions Individuals with ASD showed a small but significant attentional bias toward threatening emotional faces. Furthermore, significant moderators included stimulus presentation, response type, reference face type, stimulus type, and age. Thus, more research is needed to further explore attentional bias toward threatening emotional faces in individuals with ASD.

One of the most important aspects in the field of dentistry is adhesion. Adhesion can be enhanced through different mechanisms, most commonly by chemical and mechanical modifications of dental material surfaces. One example of chemical adhesion utilizes primers or bonding agents containing coupling agents. Universal primers which are (mainly organophosphate-based monomers) and silane coupling agents are the most effective and most widely used for unifying dissimilar materials. Other than improving adhesion, Silanes have many other applications in dentistry. They have been found also to enhance the mechanical properties of materials either by adhesion or by becoming a constituent of dental materials itself. Universal primers, on the other hand, are utilized in bonding between different dental materials such as ceramics, metals, alloys, as well as to resin composites. Unfortunately, these primers, coupling agents, and bonding agents have, in general, poor hydrolytic stability. They are susceptible to humid oral environment, which invariably render them potentially unstable in the humid oral environment as saliva is always present. Improving their hydrolytic stability should therefore result in stronger adhesion for dental materials and dental prosthesis with a better clinical survival rate.

Recently, the discriminant learning denoising model has deserved special attention due to its outstanding denoising property. This paper designs the RFID multi-label dynamic localization system based on visual measurement to avoid electromagnetic interference. Firstly, the potential sharp images are estimated via denoising images acquired by dual CCD. Then the labels are matched by template. Finally, Shaft Alignment Method (SAM) models the multi-label 3D coordinates in world space and image pixel. Flexible Feed-forward Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (FDnCNN) is proposed to reach the equilibrium between denoising effect and image particulars without producing artifacts in GPU effectively and flexibly. FDnCNN increases the image quality by at least 0.5 dB than WNNM and DnCNN. The 3D coordinate measurement system is evaluated by error, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the positioning system.

Sensitivity is an important indicator for evaluating the performance of RFID tag. Firstly, this paper gives the definition of group tags sensitivity. Furthermore, the formula of the group tags sensitivity is deduced. Secondly, Semi-physical verification platform is used to measure the reading distance of the tags. Thirdly, the sensitivity for each tag in the tags group is tested. Finally, the group tags sensitivity is obtained and calibrated. The experimental results show that the formula accords with the actual result. Therefore, this work is very useful for dynamical measurement and calibration for RFID tags group sensitivity.