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105. Efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 from evidence in studies of SARSCoV-2 and other acute viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Liu, Wei, Zhou, Pengxiang, Chen, Ken, Ye, Zhikang, Liu, Fang, Li, Xiaotong, He, Na, Wu, Ziyang, Zhang, Qi, Gong, Xuepeng, Tang, Qiyu, Du, Xin, Ying, Yingqiu, Xu, Xiaohan, Zhang, Yahui, Liu, Jinyu, Li, Yun, Shen, Ning, Couban, Rachel J., Ibrahim, Quazi I., Guyatt, Gordon, and Zhai, Suodi

Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration -- Analysis, Mortality -- China -- Middle East, Severe acute respiratory syndrome -- Care and treatment, Biological response modifiers -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Coronaviruses -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Medical research -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Middle East respiratory syndrome -- Care and treatment, Hydroxychloroquine -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Interferon -- Analysis -- Health aspects, COVID-19 -- Care and treatment, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Antiviral medications are being given empirically to some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To support the development of a COVID-19 management guideline, we conducted a systematic review that addressed the benefits and harms of 7 antiviral treatments for COVID-19. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed and 3 Chinese databases (CNKI, WANFANG and SinoMed) through Apr. 19, medRxiv and Chinaxiv through Apr. 27, and Chongqing VIP through Apr. 30, 2020. We included studies of ribavirin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, umifenovir (arbidol), favipravir, interferon and lopinavir/ritonavir. If direct evidence from COVID-19 studies was not available, we included indirect evidence from studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) for efficacy outcomes and other acute respiratory viral infections for safety outcomes. RESULTS: In patients with nonsevere COVID-19 illness, the death rate was extremely low, precluding an important effect on mortality. We found only very low-quality evidence with little or no suggestion of benefit for most treatments and outcomes in both nonsevere and severe COVID-19. An exception was treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, for which we found low-quality evidence for a decrease in length of stay in the intensive care unit (risk difference 5 d shorter, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 9 d) and hospital stay (risk difference 1 d shorter, 95% CI 0 to 2 d). For safety outcomes, evidence was of low or very low quality, with the exception of treatment with lopinavir/ ritonavir for which moderate-quality evidence suggested likely increases in diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. INTERPRETATION: To date, persuasive evidence of important benefit in COVID-19 does not exist for any antiviral treatments, although for each treatment evidence has not excluded important benefit. Additional randomized controlled trials involving patients with COVID-19 will be needed before such treatments can be administered with confidence., As of Apr. 30, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1) has resulted in more than 3 million cases and more than 210 000 deaths worldwide. (2) The World Health Organization [...]

Published
2020
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120. Rapid quantification of global brain volumetry and relaxometry in patients with multiple sclerosis using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging

Author

Cao, Jibin, Xu, Xiaohan, Zhu, Jingyi, Wu, Puyeh, Pang, Huize, Fan, Guoguang, and Cui, Lingling

Subjects
Original Article, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early pathologic studies have reported that focal areas of gray lesions in the cortex and other gray matter (GM) regions are important in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) can provide more specific insight into the disease process, progression, and therapeutic response of MS. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the changes of global GM volumetry and relaxometry information simultaneously in MS patients using synthetic MRI. METHODS: All MS patients and healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were obtained from all patients to evaluate the disability progression. Volumetry and relaxometry of the global brain and regional GM were obtained. The quantitative parameters between MS patients and HCs were compared using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The Pearson correlation assessed the correlations between the quantitative parameters and EDSS, illness duration, education in MS patients. RESULTS: Thirty-five MS patients and fifty-two age-matched HCs were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. The global volumetry including white matter volume (WMV), myelin volume (MYV), and brain parenchymal volume (BPV) were all significantly lower in MS patients (WMV: 613.120±65.388 vs. 579.903±68.432 mL; MYV: 151.883±22.766 vs. 192.457±27.381 mL; BPV: 1,136.771±106.126 vs. 1,276.712±107.368 mL), as well as a higher cerebral spinal fluid volume (CSFV) (241.294±81.805 vs. 177.017±39.729 mL) in MS patients than those in HCs. Similarly, brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and myelin fraction (MYF) were significantly lower in MS patients (BPF: 82.623±5.368 vs. 87.85±2.392 mL; MYF: 11.034±1.529 vs. 13.231±1.465 mL). For regional GM volumetry, multiple regions of MS patients were significantly smaller than those of HCs (P

Published
2022

125. Long‐term exercise preserves pancreatic islet structure and β‐cell mass through attenuation of islet inflammation and fibrosis

Author

Carvalho, Vladmir H. C., primary, Wang, Qianqian, additional, Xu, Xiaohan, additional, Liu, Lijie, additional, Jiang, Weixin, additional, Wang, Xiaohang, additional, Wang, Jinbang, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Chen, Juan, additional, Li, Tingting, additional, Chen, Yang, additional, Zhu, Wenwen, additional, Sun, Zilin, additional, and Qiu, Shanhu, additional

Published
2023
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136. Additional file 1 of Biological modeling of gadolinium-based nanoparticles radio-enhancement for kilovoltage photons: a Monte Carlo study

Author

Wu, Jianan, Xu, Xiaohan, Liang, Ying, Chen, Tujia, Quan, Enzhuo, and Wang, Luhua

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Doseand DERdistribution on half of the cross section in the nucleus for the irradiated cellular model as shown in Fig. 4, where the height of the partial shell was changed to 15 μm. Relationship between the dose distribution and radial distance from the center of the nucleus as well as the polar angle θ. Figure S2. Dose and DER profile along the 90-degree radial axis of the cross section of the nucleus for irradiated cellular model, as shown in Fig. 4, where the height of the partial shell was changed to 15 μm.

Published
2023
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138. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Ni36Co30Fe11Cr11Al8Nb4high entropy alloy

Author

Yang, Xu, Xu, Xiaohan, Liu, Tong, Chen, Ruirun, Qin, Gang, and Wu, Shiping

Abstract

In order to investigate the microstructure evolution, tensile deformation mechanism and strengthening mechanism of Ni36Co30Fe11Cr11Al8Nb4high entropy alloy (HEA), the alloy samples were prepared by directional solidification at different solidification rates (5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μm/s). Results indicate that the microstructure of the directionally solidified Ni36Co30Fe11Cr11Al8Nb4HEA is composed of primary bulky dendrites (FCC1phase) and inter-dendritic lamellar structures which consist of the Laves phase and the Nb-enriched FCC2phase. With the increase of solidification rate, the dendrites are refined, the volume fraction of inter-dendritic lamellar structure decreases, and Laves phase accumulates at the grain boundaries. Since FCC2phase has lower nucleation barriers, the nucleation and growth of FCC2phase are preferential to those of Laves phase in the inter-dendrite region. Tensile results indicate that the directionally solidified Ni36Co30Fe11Cr11Al8Nb4HEA possesses the highest ultimate tensile strength and fracture strain at 5 μm/s, which are 740.15 MPa and 35.23 %, respectively. The microscopic deformation behavior shows that FCC1phase yields first, followed by FCC2and Laves phases in sequence during tensile deformation. The moderately strong FCC2phase coordinates the large inherent strength gap between FCC1and Laves phases to avoid stress concentration and maintain ductility. FCC2- Laves interface plays a significant role in hindering dislocation movement and increasing the strength, the overall interfacial strengthening stress is estimated to be 9.1 GPa.

Published
2023
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140. Temporal trends and geographic variations in perioperative red blood cell transfusion in major surgical procedures from 2013 to 2018 in China.

Author

Tang, Bo, Zhang, Yuelun, Xu, Xiaohan, Yu, Xuerong, Ma, Lulu, and Huang, Yuguang

Subjects
RED blood cell transfusion, OPERATIVE surgery, CEREBRAL arteriovenous malformations, TOTAL hip replacement, BLOOD transfusion, ERYTHROCYTES
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Transfusion‐related guidelines promote restrictive blood transfusion. However, whether these guidelines have been successfully translated into clinical practice in China is unknown. This study aimed to provide updated information about the temporal trends in the prevalence of perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in China. Materials and Methods: We analysed data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System database (2013–2018) to investigate the prevalence of perioperative RBC transfusion in patients undergoing craniotomy for cerebral aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations, sternotomy for mitral valve replacement, open thoracotomy lobectomy, open gastrectomy and hip arthroplasty. Mixed‐effects logistic regression models quantified the likelihood of RBC transfusions. Results: The study included 438,183 patients, with 44,697 (10.20%) receiving perioperative RBC transfusions. Introducing transfusion‐related guidelines in China markedly decreased the prevalence of RBC transfusion among patients who underwent major surgical procedures in the following years. The prevalence of RBC transfusion for hip arthroplasty was 17.34% in 2013 and 7.03% in 2018. After adjusting for patient risk factors, the odds ratio of RBC transfusion for hip arthroplasty was significantly lower in 2018 (0.74, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.53–1.02) than in 2013 (1.84, 95% CI 1.37–2.48). Conclusion: The prevalence of perioperative RBC transfusion decreased from 2013 to 2018 in China, supporting the potential beneficial effects of transfusion‐related guidelines. Considering the geographic variations in RBC transfusion, reducing heterogeneity may impact public health by improving surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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