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221 results on '"Yisong Yang"'

101. Topological solitons in the Weinberg-Salam theory

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Picard–Lindelöf theorem, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Cosmological constant, Condensed Matter Physics, Standard Model, Theoretical physics, Classical mechanics, Higgs boson, Uniqueness, Unified field theory, Cosmological constant problem
Abstract

We establish the existence of multivortices arising in the self-dual phase of the standard model of Weinberg-Salam, and its two-Higgs-doublet extension, in the unified theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions. For the standard model, we prove the existence of solutions in a periodic lattice domain and study the effect of the gravitational coupling. We find an important connection of these self-dual vortices and the cosmological constant problem: the cosmological constant Λ may be written explictly in terms of several fundamental parameters in electroweak theory and the two-dimensional surface on which the vortices reside becomes noncomplete. We then prove that such a gravitational background leads to the existence of finite-energy vortices on the full plane with a non-Abelian nature. For the extended electroweak model with two Higgs doublets, we solve the self-dual equations completely. For the periodic case, we prove an existence and uniqueness theorem under a necessary and sufficient condition. This result reveals some exact restrictions to the vortex charges. For the problem on the entire plane, we obtain existence, uniqueness, sharp decay estimates, and quantized fluxes.

Published
1997
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102. [Untitled]

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Monotone method, Mathematical analysis, Complex system, Symmetry in biology, Sigma, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Context (language use), Mathematical proof, High Energy Physics::Theory, Theoretical physics, Symmetry breaking, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics
Abstract

We prove the existence of multisolitons in the gauged self-dual Maxwell and Chern–Simons sigma models with broken symmetry. In the context of topological solutions, the existence proofs rely on established results on earlier models. In the context of nontopological solutions with radial symmetry, the proof is by adapting a shooting argument.

Published
1997
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103. Skyrme models with self‐dual limits: d=2,3

Author

Yisong Yang, K. Arthur, D. H. Tchrakian, and G. Roche

Subjects
Classical mechanics, Sigma model, Numerical analysis, Euclidean geometry, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Mathematical proof, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Mathematical physics, Dual (category theory)
Abstract

The most general Skyrme–Sigma models in two and three Euclidean dimensions described by O(3) and O(4) fields, respectively, are studied first by numerical methods, and analytic proofs of existence are subsequently given. Particular emphasis is given to the special cases of these models, where the topological inequalities can be saturated by self‐duality equations. The O(d+1) models in d dimensions exhibit qualitatively similar features.

Published
1996
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104. Existence Theorems for Periodic Non-relativistic Maxwell–Chern–Simons Solitons

Author

Joel Spruck and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Spacetime, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Chern–Simons theory, 01 natural sciences, Domain (mathematical analysis), Vortex, Coupling parameter, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, 0101 mathematics, 010306 general physics, Scalar field, Periodic cell, Analysis, Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We study the system of elliptic equations[formula]defined over a doubly-periodic domain in R 2 , where the coefficients are specifically given by the physical model. This system arises in a self-dual non-relativistic Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory coupled with a neutral scalar field in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime and the solutions represent multivortices known as condensates. Our existence results reveal that the number of vortices confined in a periodic cell domain can be arbitrary and that the Chern–Simons coupling parameter imposes no restriction to the existence of solutions.

Published
1996
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105. The existence of generalised self-dual Chern-Simons vortices

Author

D. H. Tchrakian and Yisong Yang

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Theory, Complex system, Chern–Simons theory, Higgs boson, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Uniqueness, Abelian group, Mathematical Physics, Dual (category theory), Vortex, Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We establish the existence and uniqueness of radially symmetric self-dual topological vortices in thep=2 members of the hierarchies of (generalised) Chern-Simons Higgs and Abelian Higgs models. We also obtain all possible symmetric nontopological vortices in the Chern-Simons model characterised by an additional parameter governing the decay rates of the fields.

Published
1996
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106. MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF SELF-DUAL COSMIC STRINGS: EXISTENCE AND OBSTRUCTIONS

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Geodesic, Riemann surface, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmological constant, Type I string theory, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Standard Model, Cosmic string, High Energy Physics::Theory, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics, symbols, Higgs boson, Abelian group
Abstract

This is a survey article concerning some recent mathematical results for the static selfdual cosmic-string solutions in the Abelian Higgs model and in the Weinberg-Salam standard model unifying electromagnetic and weak interactions, both coupled with gravity through the Einstein equations. For the Abelian Higgs strings there is a nearly complete picture. If the Riemann surface M on which the strings reside is compact, it can be shown that M must be S2 up to topological equivalence and there are only countably many values of the Higgs vacuum states for strings to exist. When M is noncompact and conformally a plane there are exact obstructions to the finiteness of energies and geodesic completeness of solutions. For the Weinberg-Salam strings, much is to be achieved. It can be shown in this case that self-dual strings generated from W and Higgs condensation lead to an explicit formula for a positive cosmological constant and the gravitational metric is always noncomplete. This feature leads to the properties that the metric decays sufficiently rapidly at infinity and there exist non-Abelian electroweak strings of finite energies. It is established that for any integer N there are always suitable ranges of the electroweak parameters to allow the existence of W- and Higgs-condensed N-vortex solutions of finite energies.

Published
1996
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107. Regular Stationary Solutions of the Cylindrically Symmetric Einstein-Matter-Gauge Equations

Author

Joel Spruck and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Gravitation, Cosmic string, Classical mechanics, Applied Mathematics, Einstein field equations, Winding number, Regular solution, Existence theorem, String (physics), Symmetry (physics), Analysis
Abstract

This paper establishes the existence of regular stationary solutions of the coupled Einstein-matter-gauge equations with a cylindrical symmetry. Such solutions are called cosmic strings or gravitational vortices and are believed to have important implications in cosmology and quantum physics. It is shown that for a prescribed string location with a string or winding number below an explicit barrier, the system possesses a continuous family of distinct finite-energy solution configurations. The proof of the main existence theorem relies on a special shooting method. Power-type decay estimates at spatial infinity are also obtained.

Published
1995
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108. Prescribing topological defects for the coupled Einstein and Abelian Higgs equations

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Distribution (number theory), General relativity, Complex line, Mathematical analysis, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, String field theory, String (physics), High Energy Physics::Theory, Non-critical string theory, symbols.namesake, symbols, Symmetry breaking, Einstein, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We construct multi-string solutions of the coupled Einstein and Abelian Higgs equations so that the spacetime is uniform along the time axis and a vertical direction and nontrivial geometry is coded on a Riemann surfaceM. We concentrate on the critical Bogomol'nyi phase. WhenM is compact, the Abelian Higgs model is defined by a complex line bundleL overM. We prove that, due to the coupling of the Einstein equations, the Euler characteristic ofM and the first Chern number of the line bundleL identified as the total string number impose an exact obstruction to the existence of a string solution. Such an obstruction leads to some interesting implications. We then study the existence of multi-string solutions which can realize a prescribed string distribution. We show that there are such solutions when the local string winding numbers do not exceed half of the total string number. WhenM is noncompact and globally conformal to a plane, we show that the energy scale of symmetry breaking plays a crucial role and there are finite-energy radially symmetric string solutions realizing a given string number if and only if the symmetry breaking scale is sufficiently small but nonvanishing. Finally, we obtain finite-energy multistring solutions with an arbitrary string distribution and associated local winding numbers. These solutions are not radially symmetric and are regular everywhere and topologically nontrivial so that both the energy of the matter-gauge sector and the energy of the gravitational sector viewed as the total Gauss curvature ofM are quantized.

Published
1995
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109. Vortex condensation in the Chern-Simons Higgs model: An existence theorem

Author

Yisong Yang and Luis A. Caffarelli

Subjects
Physics, Chern–Simons theory, Existence theorem, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Critical value, Vortex, High Energy Physics::Theory, Dyon, Coupling parameter, Quantum mechanics, Higgs boson, Value (mathematics), Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

It is shown that there is a critical value of the Chern-Simons coupling parameter so that, below the value, there exists self-dual doubly periodic vortex solutions, and, above the value, the vortices are absent. Solutions of such a nature indicate the existence of dyon condensates carrying quantized electric and magnetic charges.

Published
1995
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110. Topological solutions in the self-dual Chern-Simons theory: existence and approximation

Author

Joel Spruck and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Sequence, Iterative method, Truncation error (numerical integration), Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Chern–Simons theory, Function (mathematics), Topology, Rate of convergence, Bounded function, Limit (mathematics), Mathematical Physics, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

In this paper a globally convergent computational scheme is established to approximate a topological multivortex solution in the recently discovered self-dual Chern-Simons theory in R 2 . Our method which is constructive and numerically efficient finds the most superconducting solution in the sense that its Higgs field has the largest possible magnitude. The method consists of two steps: first one obtains by a convergent monotone iterative algorithm a suitable solution of the bounded domain equations and then one takes the large domain limit and approximates the full piane solutions. It is shown that with a special choice of the initial guess function, the approximation sequence approaches exponentially fast a solution in R 2 . The convergence rate implies that the truncation errors away from local regions are insignificant.

Published
1995
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111. Existence of Multiple Vortices in Supersymmetric Gauge Field Theory

Author

Shouxin Chen and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Coupling constant, General Mathematics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Scalar (mathematics), General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, FOS: Mathematics, Fundamental representation, Higgs boson, Symmetry breaking, Uniqueness, Gauge theory, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP), Mathematical physics, Gauge symmetry
Abstract

Two sharp existence and uniqueness theorems are presented for solutions of multiple vortices arising in a six-dimensional brane-world supersymmetric gauge field theory under the general gauge symmetry group $G=U(1)\times SU(N)$ and with $N$ Higgs scalar fields in the fundamental representation of $G$. Specifically, when the space of extra dimension is compact so that vortices are hosted in a 2-torus of volume $|\Om|$, the existence of a unique multiple vortex solution representing $n_1,...,n_N$ respectively prescribed vortices arising in the $N$ species of the Higgs fields is established under the explicitly stated necessary and sufficient condition \[ n_i, Comment: 23 pages

Published
2012

112. Existence of Optical Vortices

Author

Yisong Yang and Ruifeng Zhang

Subjects
Applied Mathematics, Winding number, Mathematical analysis, Optical physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Schrödinger equation, Vortex, Computational Mathematics, symbols.namesake, Nonlinear system, Mountain pass theorem, symbols, Propagation constant, Optical vortex, Mathematical Physics, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

Optical vortices arise as phase singularities of the light fields and are of central interest in modern optical physics. In this paper, some existence theorems are established for stationary vortex wave solutions of a general class of nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations. There are two types of results. The first type concerns the existence of positive-radial-profile solutions which are obtained through a constrained minimization approach. The second type addresses the existence of saddle-point solutions through a mountain-pass-theorem or min-max method so that the wave propagation constant may be arbitrarily prescribed in an open interval. Furthermore some explicit estimates for the lower bound and sign of the wave propagation constant with respect to the light beam power and vortex winding number are also derived for the first type solutions., Comment: 17 pages

Published
2012
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113. Existence Theorems for Vortices in the Aharony--Bergman--Jaferis--Maldacena Model

Author

Xiaosen Han and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Bifundamental representation, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Vortex, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics::Theory, Dirac fermion, symbols, Higgs boson, Continuous parameter, Uniqueness, Mathematical Physics, Boson, Mathematical physics, Gauge symmetry
Abstract

A series of sharp existence and uniqueness theorems are established for the multiple vortex solutions in the supersymmetric Chern--Simons--Higgs theory formalism of Aharony, Bergman, Jaferis, and Maldacena, for which the Higgs bosons and Dirac fermions lie in the bifundamental representation of the general gauge symmetry group $U(N)\times U(N)$. The governing equations are of the BPS type and derived by Kim, Kim, Kwon, and Nakajima in the mass-deformed framework labeled by a continuous parameter.

Published
2012
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114. Exact kink solitons in a monopole confinement problem

Author

Yijun Li, Yisong Yang, and Shouxin Chen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Magnetic monopole, FOS: Physical sciences, Mechanics, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), High Energy Physics::Theory, Theoretical physics, Nonlinear Sciences::Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We explicitly construct all kink solitons arising in the recent study of Auzzi, Bolognesi, and Shifman of a monopole confinement problem in $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric QCD. In particular, we show that all finite-energy kink solitons must be Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield.

Published
2012
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115. The existence of Ginzburg-Landau solutions on the plane by a direct variational method

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Sequence, Variational method, Plane (geometry), Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Variational inequality, Vector field, Space (mathematics), Upper and lower bounds, Mathematical Physics, Analysis, Mathematics, Sobolev inequality
Abstract

This paper studies the existence and the minimization problem of the solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equations in R2 coupled with an external magnetic field or a source current. The lack of a suitable Sobolev inequality makes it necessary to consider a variational problem over a special admissible space so that the space norms of the gauge vector fields of a minimization sequence can be controlled by the corresponding energy upper bound and a solution may be obtained as a minimizer of a modified energy of the problem. Asymptotic properties and flux quantization are established for finite-energy solutions. Besides, it is shown that the solutions obtained also minimize the original Ginzburg-Landau energy when the admissible space is properly chosen.

Published
1994
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116. A nonlinear elliptic equation arising from gauge field theory and cosmology

Author

J. Bryce McLeod, Xinfu Chen, Stuart Hastings, and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Cosmic string, Gravitational constant, Nonlinear system, Elliptic operator, Elliptic partial differential equation, Mathematical analysis, General Medicine, Boundary value problem, String theory, String (physics), Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

We study radially symmetric solutions of a nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation in R 2 with critical Sobolev growth, i. e. the nonlinearity is of exponential type. This problem arises from a wide variety of important areas in theoretical physics including superconductivity and cosmology. Our results lead to many interesting implications for the physical problems considered. For example, for the self-dual Chern–Simons theory, we are able to conclude that the electric charge, magnetic flux, or energy of a non-topological N -vortex solution may assume any prescribed value above an explicit lower bound. For the Einstein-matter-gauge equations, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a self-dual cosmic string solution. Such a condition imposes an obstruction for the winding number of a string in terms of the universal gravitational constant.

Published
1994
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117. Obstructions to the existence of static cosmic strings in an Abelian Higgs model

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Spontaneous symmetry breaking, General Physics and Astronomy, String field theory, Cosmic string, High Energy Physics::Theory, Non-critical string theory, Domain wall (string theory), Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics, Higgs boson, Symmetry breaking, Abelian group, Topological quantum number
Abstract

There are obstructions in the Bogomol'nyi critical phase to the existence of a cylindrically symmetric cosmic string solution of the Einstein equations coupled with the Abelian Higgs model. In the compact case, the obstruction is exact, which forbids the presence of gravitational condensates and leads to the quantization of the energy scale of symmetry breaking. In the noncompact case, the obstruction is an inequality which says that, at a given level of broken symmetry, the topological charge or winding number of a string cannot be too large in order to maintain finite energy.

Published
1994
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118. Search for Neutral Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Higgs Bosons Decaying to Tau Pairs inppCollisions ats=7 TeV

Author

R. Arcidiacono, D. Summers, Zeljko Antunovic, Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz, Christoph Paus, Maxim Perfilov, Giuseppe Antonio Pierro, D. Stuart, V. Pavlunin, Wolfgang Waltenberger, E. Appelt, G. Walzel, Piergiulio Lenzi, B. C. MacEvoy, J. Gruschke, F. Primavera, L. Brigliadori, K. Ranjan, E. Gottschalk, Y. Gotra, F. Fassi, L. Tourtchanovitch, Freya Blekman, J. Cuevas, Giuseppe Zito, F. J. Munoz Sanchez, H. Topakli, C. Lourenço, M. Mannelli, L. Lloret Iglesias, Daijin Kim, Vassili Maroussov, G. Hamel de Monchenault, L. Di Matteo, Ettore Focardi, M. Abbrescia, K. Kotov, W. Sun, A. Zatserklyaniy, H. R. Hoorani, D. Sperka, D. Konstantinov, I. Manolakos, J. Swain, P. Rumerio, G. Benelli, Kajari Mazumdar, S. König, E. Vlasov, Jeannine Wagner-Kuhr, J. Callner, Josef Strauss, N. G. Redaelli, J. Temple, Jaeho Kim, K. Nirunpong, R. Horisberger, S. Liang, Matti J Kortelainen, A. Vorobyev, J. E. Cole, M. Pesaresi, M. Pieri, D. Cassel, G. Lungu, C. Grab, T. Kelly, P. Baillon, S. Somalwar, M. Kress, JW Berryhill, N. Amapane, D. M. Raymond, S. Bitioukov, A. Santocchia, C. Magass, I. C. Park, V. Matveev, Caroline Collard, Shiladitya Sengupta, Simone Paoletti, S. Nourbakhsh, J. Klukas, Georgios Anagnostou, P. Zotto, Z. K. Liu, G. Grégoire, N. Skhirtladze, E. Twedt, F. A. Triantis, A. Singovsky, Denis Gelé, J. Tucker, M. Maity, Dong Ho Moon, Christof Roland, V. Khotilovich, C. Botta, K. Y. Kao, F. L. Navarria, Meenakshi Narain, N. K. Mondal, Alessandro Thea, R. M. Brown, S. Sekmen, H. Jung, Wagner Carvalho, S. Rogerson, S. Sen, F. Romeo, Y. Bai, A. Sill, V. Genchev, P. Petrov, N. Wardle, C. Campagnari, C. Hill, Greg Landsberg, S. Won, S. Padhi, E. Daubie, I. J. Cabrillo, R. Granier de Cassagnac, B. Klein, S. Simon, Ulf Behrens, Gobinda Majumder, Alain Givernaud, Romain Rougny, B. A. Barnett, S. Kang, Piotr Zalewski, M. Costa, S. Fonseca De Souza, N. Marinelli, Salvatore Tupputi, S. Salur, M. B. Tonjes, A. Whitbeck, K. Deiters, D. Reeder, E. Alagoz, Lukas Vanelderen, P. Sauerland, Anna Colaleo, D. Benedetti, S. Tuo, S. D. Worm, L. Guiducci, J. Asaadi, Paul Papacz, Srecko Morovic, Yisong Yang, F. Drouhin, D. Pellett, Philippe Busson, P. Azzurri, Gideok Kim, Yetkin Yilmaz, P. Van Mulders, M. Feindt, A. Pfeiffer, S. H. Chang, R. Cavanaugh, S. Lee, I. Smirnov, D. J. Hofman, S. Greder, J. M. Hernandez, Pedrame Bargassa, J. Butt, Alan Campbell, M. R. Adams, F. A. Teischinger, T. Aliev, A. Mott, G. Abbiendi, R. Ranieri, Ulrich Heintz, M. Pimiä, Stefano Ragazzi, Sergio F Novaes, G. Bencze, D. Heydhausen, Stephanie Baffioni, M. Margoni, W. Martin, B. C. Choudhary, S. Hagopian, S. Song, Natascha Hörmann, J. Dolen, M. Bachtis, Michele Gallinaro, A. Safonov, N. Adam, Y. Pakhotin, Donato Creanza, M. Nespolo, H. Enderle, V. Oreshkin, A. Beretvas, W. Bertl, Nuno Leonardo, A. Heikkinen, P. H. Butler, H. F. Heath, P. Schieferdecker, Gilvan Alves, C. Boulahouache, H. Prosper, A. Tapper, H. B. Newman, D. Wright, Martin Erdmann, J. G. Shiu, Y. Zheng, Y. Choi, M. Malberti, A. Oehler, E. Meschi, O. Oberst, R. Wigmans, R. Paramatti, S. Metson, M. Cuffiani, A. K. Mohanty, K. Karafasoulis, G. Y. Jeng, P. Bloch, Antonio Branca, Virgil E Barnes, D. Trocino, I. Bloch, Amedeo Staiano, Anton Dimitrov, Y. Maravin, B. Akgun, C. M. Kuo, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, Vladimir Karjavin, Ludmila Sarycheva, B. Dorney, E. McCliment, M. Gouzevitch, L. Barone, M. Sani, S. Bianco, J. Gonzalez Sanchez, H. Kalakhety, R. K. Choudhury, J. Flix, P. D. Luckey, Thomas Peiffer, M. Menichelli, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, L. Mucibello, Krzysztof Doroba, B. Pollack, S. Gowdy, Stilianos Kesisoglou, Duncan Ralph, T. Bolton, V. O'Dell, Adrian Perieanu, A. Meyer, R. Volpe, Alexis Kalogeropoulos, Olivier Devroede, R. Hall-Wilton, T. Ma, A. Vinogradov, M. Ruspa, M. Kirn, K. Yi, A. Korablev, Louis Lyons, H. Bakhshiansohi, J. M. Bauer, G. Ball, B. C. Shen, P. Jindal, E. A. Albayrak, Prashant Shukla, Z. C. Yang, André Rosowsky, P. Lariccia, F. De Guio, Y. J. Lee, P. McBride, P. Otiougova, G. Organtini, B. Caponeri, S. Esen, Volker Blobel, A. F. Barfuss, Metin Ata, Petr Moisenz, Wolfgang Lange, Gino Bolla, V. Andreev, Y. Onel, A. Richards, J. Olson, Umberto Dosselli, B. Heltsley, D. Lange, A. Volkov, L. Demortier, F. Gasparini, J. M. Marraffino, J. G. Acosta, V. Kim, W. Lin, G. Auzinger, P. Sharp, S. Park, D. Fehling, Peicho Petkov, M. S. Jeong, V. Krutelyov, N. Eggert, C. Regenfus, V. D. Elvira, S. Mueller, Ulrich Goerlach, G. Zumerle, Daniela Bortoletto, J. Weng, A. Bethani, E. Berry, U. Akgun, I. Gonzalez Caballero, G. Hu, A. Aranyi, N. Dhingra, D. Cussans, A. Bean, R. Harr, J. Richman, Doris Eckstein, Achim Geiser, D. Gigi, S. Senkin, R. Gupta, K. Arisaka, D. J. Kong, I. Ross, E. Nesvold, G. Alverson, S. B. Beri, H. El Mamouni, M. Anderson, S. Carrillo Moreno, O. Bondu, D. R. Claes, C. Baty, Anatoli Zarubin, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Duda, E. Yildirim, M. Sobron Sanudo, D. Leslie, E. Laird, M. Zeyrek, J. Hegeman, Grzegorz Brona, D. Sabes, P. Musella, Martti Raidal, T. Miceli, A. Starodumov, Wuming Luo, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, T. Sinthuprasith, W. Lohmann, P. Lamichhane, K. Rossato, R. Gokieli, R. Moser, Klaus Rabbertz, A. Ivanov, F. Odorici, Igor Lokhtin, E. Migliore, F. Matorras, P. Wittich, J. Alcaraz Maestre, V. Sola, J. Tomaszewska, Theodoros Geralis, D. Vishnevskiy, D. Green, J. Bochenek, S. Frosali, Danilo Piparo, W. Lustermann, M. Musich, M. Davids, M. Chertok, I. Volobouev, A. Nikitenko, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, A. Heister, M. Müntel, B. C. Radburn-Smith, B. Heyburn, N. Manthos, A. Gaz, L. Mirabito, M. Azarkin, S. Tourneur, Markus Friedl, A. C. Le Bihan, J. Sibille, S. C. Kao, Daniel Pitzl, F. P. Schilling, Denis Favart, H. Van Haevermaet, T. J. Kim, D. Cline, C. Rovelli, S. Bobrovskyi, P. Geffert, Matthias Schröder, G. Broccolo, V. Oguri, Chun-Hua Jiang, I. Katkov, R. Ruchti, R. R. Betts, Y. J. Lu, P. Garcia-Abia, D. Sillou, S. Gennai, Yvonne Kuessel, S. Ozturk, S. Harper, Xavier Janssen, Silvia Maselli, D. Futyan, K. Sudhakar, L. Uplegger, R. Gray, A. Belyaev, A. Dominguez, D. Barney, J. Whitmore, D. Lincoln, R. Vilar Cortabitarte, R. Frühwirth, S. Colafranceschi, L. Perera, N. Chanon, G. Safronov, C. Plager, J. Velkovska, Séverine Ovyn, Jean-Louis Faure, Andrea Giammanco, J.H. Wang, Nicolo Cartiglia, A. Kayis Topaksu, V. Timciuc, A. Linn, R. Gomez-Reino Garrido, S. Banerjee, S. Cittolin, S. Rahatlou, Tommaso Dorigo, J. P. Cumalat, W. L. Prado Da Silva, Y. Gao, J. Incandela, R. Rossin, M. Vergili, M. Krämer, C. Schwick, J. C. Alexander, S. Khalatyan, C. Seez, M. Hollingsworth, E. Gülmez, Y. K. Choi, T. Punz, K. Flowers, T. Lindén, N. Akchurin, E. Dusinberre, Pietro Faccioli, Joachim Mnich, A. Baden, S. C. Eno, F. Lacroix, T. Schum, S. Ahuja, B. Fabbro, H. B. Rhee, P. Van Mechelen, Otto Hindrichs, A. Sharma, A. Ozpineci, Josef Hrubec, E. A. De Wolf, M. J. Bilinskas, A. Graziano, D. Martisiute, M. Stoye, Esa Tuovinen, A. H. Ball, G. Segneri, W. J. Spalding, T. Kuhr, J. Santaolalla, W. To, J. Gilmore, D. Hits, A. Bocci, R. Gonzalez Suarez, R. Walsh, M. Hildreth, C. J. Edelmaier, Gregor Kasieczka, S. Malvezzi, K. Lelas, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, W. Ko, S. Perries, C.W. Fabjan, J. P. Chou, S. A. Koay, Günter Flügge, F. Borcherding, P. Arce, Patrizia Azzi, A. Kraan, J. Zablocki, M. Zeise, I. Villella, J. Mans, S. Maruyama, S. Di Guida, B. R. Drell, A. Poll, D. A. Sanders, D. Lomidze, Nikola Godinovic, A. Sparrow, M. Weinberger, P. Limon, A. Romero, U. Joshi, K. Banzuzi, J. L. Rodriguez, J. Lee, Altan Cakir, E. Olaiya, D. Mason, S. Taroni, P. G. Verdini, N. Darmenov, Y. J. Mao, M. Velasco, Ozhan Koybasi, M. E. Dinardo, L. Kreczko, Thomas Hebbeker, J. A. Coarasa Perez, L. Tauscher, K. Ozdemir, A. Smoron, V. Adler, M. Pierini, J. Puerta Pelayo, J. S. Werner, A. Toropin, J. Lazo-Flores, D. Wang, J. Lykken, J. Marrouche, Songbo Xie, F. Palla, Cristina Ferro, K. Sung, O. Grachov, L. Uvarov, K. F. Chen, P. Baringer, Torsten Dahms, S. Bose, W. Van Doninck, Y. F. Liu, Frank Raupach, K. Kovitanggoon, G. 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Perchalla, Sami Lehti, G. M. Bilei, P. Kalavase, B. Camanzi, W. Bender, Suzan Basegmez, Barbara Clerbaux, P. Capiluppi, S. Malik, F. Stöckli, F. Moortgat, E. Gurpinar, P. Gras, W. Erdmann, Cristina Tuve, Igor Golutvin, Mircho Rodozov, L. Sala, J. N. Bellinger, R. Carroll, Y. Guler, A. Ershov, P. Bellan, D. Dobur, Thomas Schoerner-Sadenius, M. Deniz, D. Uzun, Borislav Pavlov, E. A. Wenger, M. Mattson, J. Babb, J. Duris, A. Gaddi, E. Barberis, Tapio Lampén, A. Lath, C. Mironov, L. Moroni, D. Renker, G. Georgiou, N. Pacifico, Christoph Wissing, M. Cutajar, S. Kwan, B. Bilki, H. Saka, S. Cerci, Carlo Civinini, Philippe Miné, U. E. Surat, R. Chierici, I. Chakaberia, M. Johnson, D. Orbaker, V. Buege, D. Berry, A. Markina, W. H. Smith, M. Tonutti, L. Agostino, J. Ballin, Yves Sirois, A. Venturi, D. Toback, A. Zuranski, G. Schott, M. Mulders, H. Pi, D. Krpic, M. S. Kim, A. Honma, J. Fernandez Menendez, N. Krasnikov, B. W. Kennedy, S. Shmatov, U. Berzano, C. Vander Velde, T. Caebergs, B. Hooberman, Giacomo Fedi, Jyothsna Rani Komaragiri, F. Marinho, A. M. Rossi, C. Favaro, R. Sever, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, L. Gauthier, E. Salvati, S. Guragain, J. Slaunwhite, Maria Spiropulu, P. Lawson, A. Guneratne Bryer, G. Kozlov, M. De Gruttola, D. Mekterovic, Sandro Gonzi, N. Beaupere, Vineet Kumar, N. Pozzobon, A. Khan, G. Davies, J. Milosevic, P. Van Hove, M. I. Josa, Apostolos Panagiotou, G. Rolandi, G. Merino, Y. Gershtein, Si-Jin Qian, T. Ferguson, F. Hartmann, J. Rodrigues Antunes, L. Benussi, B. Klima, M. Arneodo, Jehad Mousa, S. Semenov, P. Meridiani, E. Auffray, H. Kluge, D. J. Karmgard, V. Kaftanov, A. S. Yoon, P. Cushman, S. H. Chuang, A. Hunt, A. Tricomi, B. Curé, S. Blyweert, C. Palmer, Marco Zanetti, M. Thomas, Y. Tschudi, J. C. Fontaine, W. S. Hou, C. Loizides, J. G. Branson, G. R. Snow, A. Khukhunaishvili, T. Camporesi, Karl Matthew Ecklund, J. M. Vizan Garcia, D. C. Miner, W. Cooper, S. R. Wagner, A. Vartak, V. Smirnov, M. Jarvis, I. Fisk, D. Carlsmith, C. Brew, A. Askew, C. Jorda, I. Redondo, Z. Szillasi, S. Vavilov, M. J. Ryan, A. K. Sanchez, K. Rose, Luigi Fiore, J. Ribnik, R. Trayanov, F. Liu, G. Onengut, V. Halyo, D. Bourilkov, L. N. Vergili, Julien Caudron, I. Azhgirey, K. Smith, A. Korytov, S. Argiro, Sandra S. Padula, Paolo Vitulo, Jay Roberts, A. Luthra, M. Chen, C. Ceron, H. S. Chen, M. Rodenburg, Andre Sznajder, T. Virdee, M. Marienfeld, V. S. Petrov, J. Jackson, P. Vichoudis, I. R. Tomalin, Cristina Riccardi, F. Duru, I. Dremin, Elson Longo, A. F. Osorio Oliveros, V. Kozhuharov, Leonardo Benucci, I. Ahmed, A. Barker, P. Spagnolo, P. Killewald, M. C. Fouz, B. Ujvari, M. Ignatenko, D. Ferencek, W. T. Ford, R. Bainbridge, I. Svintradze, N. Van Remortel, R. Kroeger, D. Noonan, E. Seo, Y. Iiyama, A. A. Ocampo Rios, E. W. Vaandering, M. Eads, C. Farrell, C. Mesropian, P. Lecoq, M. Z. Mehta, J. B. Singh, A. Harel, P. E. Karchin, Sandor Czellar, Manuel Giffels, M. Zakaria, J. Vaughan, H. W.K. Cheung, Pavel Bunin, M. Kirsanov, G. Boudoul, Guo-Ming Chen, T. Sabonis, Z. Hatherell, Y. Hsiung, D. Colling, Alexander Lanev, O. Atramentov, T. Kress, Georgios Daskalakis, R. T. D'Agnolo, H. Seo, Senka Duric, T. Whyntie, D. Barge, Erik Dietz-Laursonn, A. C. Mignerey, G. Tonelli, H. Gamsizkan, M. Albrow, G. Mila, J. J. Brooke, Brian Paul Padley, A. Bonato, J. Konigsberg, J. N. Butler, M. Chiorboli, M. Rudolph, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, Todd Adams, G. J. Kunde, A. Apresyan, Wit Busza, M. Schmitt, B. Gobbo, M. Ahmad, Pascal Vanlaer, T. Kolberg, A. Tsirou, Gabriella Pugliese, C. Jessop, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, E. B. Ziebarth, W. Ferguson, A. Gilbert, H. Teng, C. O'Brien, I. Grigelionis, G. Kaussen, P. Iaydjiev, R. Khatiwada, S. P. Ratti, J. Merz, Y. Ivanov, J. Veverka, A. Sobol, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, T. Kamon, W. Clarida, Ricardo Eusebi, R. Carlin, J. Seixas, A. Sakharov, M. Bluj, P. Kyberd, K. V. Tsang, K. Mishra, A. Solano, S. Rappoccio, G. Apollinari, B. Safarzadeh, J. G. Smith, N. Valls, V. Krychkine, A. Korpela, A. Gurtu, G. Giurgiu, M. Tripathi, A. Hervé, Andreas Nowack, J. H. Wu, R. Yohay, J. Chen, M. Felcini, P. Siegrist, G. B. Cerati, Lars Sonnenschein, V. Valuev, E. Petrakou, Fedor Ratnikov, Stepan Obraztsov, A. Benaglia, F. Cavallari, W. Andrews, L. Rebane, L. Malgeri, Peter Schleper, Zhen Hu, W. Haj Ahmad, H. Gerwig, Vincent Lemaitre, M. Rovere, P. Hidas, Marc Besancon, S. De Visscher, E. Di Marco, Malgorzata Kazana, K. Freudenreich, F. Würthwein, R. Schmidt, A. Chatterjee, R. Stone, S. I. Cooper, T. Medvedeva, Matthias Kasemann, C. Jeong, B. Wyslouch, N. Zaganidis, M. Chadwick, T. Rommerskirchen, Florian Beaudette, N. J. Hadley, D. Boumediene, Y. Eshaq, M. Bontenackels, B. Mura, O. Prokofyev, M. Barrett, N. Colino, Marco Cardaci, J. Wetzel, A. Martelli, Devdatta Majumder, E. Kwon, G. Polese, Maciej Górski, Matthieu Marionneau, J. Frangenheim, S. Bansal, Nikolai Shumeiko, Thomas Bergauer, Vladimir Mossolov, N. McColl, M. Bergholz, J. Bunn, A. Giassi, N. Sen, S. Costantini, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen, M. Mazzucato, A. Schmidt, Ludivine Ceard, S. Kailas, R. M. Harris, J. Pivarski, H. Jensen, J. Yoo, J. Kolb, K. Klapoetke, F. Meier, Andreas Hinzmann, Marcin Konecki, S. Petrushanko, P. Hebda, Y. Assran, L. Caminada, Vuko Brigljevic, P. R. Hobson, O. Gutsche, Bruno Wittmer, M. Aguilar-Benitez, Joris Maes, Lucia Silvestris, Y. S. Chung, L. Quertenmont, R. Pordes, Franco Ligabue, A. Pashenkov, Damir Lelas, T. Lomtadze, J. M. Kohli, C. Jarvis, M. Jindal, J. Eugster, D. Krücker, M. Chamizo Llatas, M. Simon, E. Aguiló, G. Cirino, Giacomo Sguazzoni, A. De Benedetti, J. F. de Trocóniz, V. Cuplov, K. A. Ulmer, A. Garcia-Bellido, H. Nguyen, S. Honc, Eric Christian Chabert, S. Schnetzer, S. Linn, S. Gascon, L. O. Winstrom, Hwangseo Park, S. Stoynev, C. Justus, J. Palinkas, E. Karavakis, D. Piccolo, K. W. Bell, Y. Kubota, V. Gaultney, B. Scurlock, D. Sprenger, A. Lopez Virto, Alberto Santoro, M. Murray, H. C. Kaestli, J. A. Bakken, S. Mrenna, J. Gartner, I. K. Furic, M. Nguyen, S. Choi, C. Battilana, T. Bose, Surendra Singh, C. Florez, N. Nishu, K. H. Chen, Ivica Puljak, Hans Reithler, S. Chauhan, J. Gronberg, J. Hays, K. S. Grogg, B. Frisch, M. H.G. Souza, M. Xu, C. Broutin, R. Jussen, S. Tkaczyk, A. Montanari, A. Rose, C. Dozen, J. Bernardini, F. Pandolfi, A. Elliott-Peisert, James Zabel, M. U. Mozer, J. Fulcher, A. Messineo, Alexandros Attikis, H. Malbouisson, T. Boccali, Filip Thyssen, L. Barbone, A. Kubik, A. Kopecky, R. Vidal, F. Rebassoo, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, M. Bedjidian, R. P. Kenny, A. T. Serban, Maxim Goncharov, Richard D Field, M. H. Zoeller, L. Levchuk, I. Yu, Vladimir Palichik, Krzysztof Nawrocki, S. Lacaprara, O. Gonzalez Lopez, Andi Hektor, L. Bianchini, N. Golubev, Peter Elmer, Z. J. Guo, I. Segoni, Mikhail Dubinin, A. Lanaro, J. Yelton, Wei Li, A. Krokhotin, V. Stolin, Oliver Pooth, G. Dirkes, K. Ocalan, Ivan Amos Cali, Z. Chen, Norbert Neumeister, V. Golovtsov, J. W. Gary, George Stephans, S. Bilmis, L. Wendland, O. Charaf, P. Maksimovic, K. Theofilatos, Silvia Ochesanu, and L. Benhabib

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Higgs field, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Higgs boson, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Higgs mechanism, Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, Boson
Abstract

A search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons in pp collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The results are based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns recorded by the CMS experiment. The search uses decays of the Higgs bosons to tau pairs. No excess is observed in the tau-pair invariant-mass spectrum. The resulting upper limits on the Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction to tau pairs, as a function of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson mass, yield stringent new bounds in the MSSM parameter space.

Published
2011
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119. Building a harmonious relationship between water resource and the environment on the Loess Plateau: How to restore its vegetation

Author

Yanli Bian and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Hydrology, Water resources, Soil loss, education.field_of_study, Water conservation, Resource (biology), Environmental protection, Population, Virtual water, Environmental science, Vegetation, Loess plateau, education
Abstract

The Loess Plateau is the cradle of Chinese civilization. Now she is suffering the problem of the serious water and soil loss which caused by the long-term interaction of mankind and nature. This paper indicates that the problem of the Loess Plateau's Eco-environment is caused by the increasing population. The coverage of the vegetation declined from 53 percent in Zou dynasty to 4 percent in 2000. At the meanwhile, the population increased sharply and it was over 100 millions in 2000. With the pressure of the lasting increasing population of the Loess Plateau, the forest was destroyed and the weather became drier and drier. Although we knew that the restoration the vegetation was the key and efficient way to build a harmonious environment of the Loess Plateau, it was a very difficult task because of the pressures of the large population and shortage of water resource. This paper points out that the vegetation's restoration should be carried out by using family planning and relocated people to reduce the population of the Loess Plateau, using blue water, green water and virtual water to solve the shortage of water resource and using proper way to plant plants in proper zone.

Published
2011
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122. Charged cosmological dust solutions of the coupled Einstein and Maxwell equations

Author

Yisong Yang and Joel Spruck

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Thermodynamic equilibrium, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Einstein, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Applied Mathematics, Naked singularity, Charge (physics), Distribution (mathematics), Maxwell's equations, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), symbols, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract

It is well known through the work of Majumdar, Papapetrou, Hartle, and Hawking that the coupled Einstein and Maxwell equations admit a static multiple blackhole solution representing a balanced equilibrium state of finitely many point charges. This is a result of the exact cancellation of gravitational attraction and electric repulsion under an explicit condition on the mass and charge ratio. The resulting system of particles, known as an extremely charged dust, gives rise to examples of spacetimes with naked singularities. In this paper, we consider the continuous limit of the Majumdar-Papapetrou-Hartle-Hawking solution modeling a space occupied by an extended distribution of extremely charged dust. We show that for a given smooth distribution of matter of finite ADM mass there is a continuous family of smooth solutions realizing asymptotically flat space metrics.

Published
2010
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123. Solutions of the generalized Bogomol’nyi equations via monotone iterations

Author

Sheng Wang and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Monotone polygon, Series (mathematics), Iterative method, Mathematical analysis, Higgs boson, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Context (language use), Gauge theory, Function (mathematics), Abelian group, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the numerical solutions of the classical Abelian Higgs vortex model in R2 in the critical coupling phase. A globally convergent monotone iterative method will be presented to approximate finite energy multivortex solutions of both the classical and the generalized Bogomol’nyi equations. In the latter context, it is illustrated through a series of numerical examples that the Higgs potential density function may be adjusted to realize in a wide range fairly different magnetic concentration pictures of the model.

Published
1992
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124. An equivalence theorem for string solutions of the Einstein matter-gauge equations

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Mathematical analysis, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Riemannian manifold, Space (mathematics), String (physics), Euclidean distance, High Energy Physics::Theory, symbols.namesake, Euclidean geometry, symbols, Energy condition, Einstein, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics, Mathematics
Abstract

String-like static solutions of the Einstein matter-gauge equations have interesting implications in cosmology. It has been shown recently that, at a critical coupling phase, this system of equations allows a reduction into a coupled Einstein-Bogomol'nyi system. In this Letter, we prove that, in the important case where the underlying two-dimensional Riemannian manifold is either compact or asymptotically Euclidean, the two systems are actually equivalent. Moreover, we show that the standard assumption that the strings reside in a conformally Euclidean surface will give us a metric which fails to be asymptotically Euclidean. In particular, in the radially symmetric case, we establish under the finite energy condition the boundary behavior of the metric. These results may indicate that a string solution will inevitably lead to nonflatness of the space at infinity even on the cross-section.

Published
1992
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125. Abrikosov’s Vortices in the Critical Coupling

Author

Yisong Yang and Sheng Wang

Subjects
Partial differential equation, Plane (geometry), Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Domain (mathematical analysis), Vortex, High Energy Physics::Theory, Computational Mathematics, Maximum principle, Bounded function, Periodic boundary conditions, Boundary value problem, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of multivortex solutions of the Bogomol’nyi system arising in the abelian Higgs theory defined on a rectangular domain and subject to a ’t Hooft type periodic boundary condition. In particular, the number of vortices of a solution is confined by the size of the domain. Such solutions realize the magnetic periodic cell structure in a superconductor predicted by Abrikosov. If the periodic boundary condition is removed, the Bogomol’nyi equations on a bounded domain possess solutions with an arbitrary number of vortices, and these solutions may be used to approximate the unique finite energy solution over the full plane. Moreover, it is shown that, for any given vortex distribution in the plane, the Bogomol’nyi system has a continuous family of gauge-distinct solutions with infinite energy.

Published
1992
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126. On the existence of multivortices in a generalized Bogomol'nyi system

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Plane (geometry), Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, Vortex, Distribution (mathematics), Quantum mechanics, Higgs boson, Field theory (psychology), Boundary value problem, Gauge theory, Abelian group, Mathematical physics, Mathematics
Abstract

An interesting feature of the generalized Abelian Higgs vortex model introduced by M. Lohe is that it allows a wider class of Higgs self-interaction potential functions, yet, noninteracting multivortices are still present in the critical coupling phase as the solutions of a modified Bogomol'nyi system. In this paper, we add two new classes of multivortex solutions to Lohe's model. We prove that, under the 't Hooft boundary condition, there are solutions realizing a periodic lattice structure and a quantized flux. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of such solutions. We also show that the Meissner effect occurs in the model. Moreover, we establish for any given vortex distribution in the plane, the existence of a one-parameter family of gauge-distinct solutions of infinite energy.

Published
1992
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127. Symmetric Superconducting States in Thin Films

Author

Yisong Yang and Sheng Wang

Subjects
Superconductivity, Phase transition, Condensed matter physics, Field (physics), Meissner effect, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Applied Mathematics, Critical field, Type-II superconductor, Symmetry (physics), Magnetic field, Mathematics
Abstract

Previous physical experiments and numerical studies suggest that, in the presence of a tangential external magnetic field, the density distribution of superconducting electron pairs and the excited field in a thin film are symmetric. In this paper, the existence of such symmetric solutions of the one-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau theory for thin film superconductivity is established. The behavior of these solutions versus the external field verifies the Meissner effect. At low fields, the classical London theory is recovered. The critical fields for extreme type II superconductors are higher than type I ones. Moreover, numerical examples calculated using a gradient-flow method for the reduced governing equations are presented which exhibit sharp phase transitions from the normal state to superconducting states or vice versa as one varies the applied field.

Published
1992
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128. On multivortices in the electroweak theory I: Existence of periodic solutions

Author

Joel Spruck and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Vortex, High Energy Physics::Theory, Theoretical physics, Classical mechanics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Higgs boson, Periodic boundary conditions, Gauge theory, Boundary value problem, Quantum field theory, Mathematical Physics, Boson
Abstract

In this paper we consider the bosonic sector of the electroweak theory. It has been shown in the work of Ambjorn and Olesen that when the Higgs mass equals to the mass of theZ boson, the model in two dimensions subject to the 't Hooft periodic boundary condition may be reduced to a Bogomol'nyi system and that the solutions of the system are vortices in a “dual superconductor”. We shall prove using a constrained variational reformulation of the problem the existence of such vortices. Our conditions for the existence of solutions are necessary and sufficient when the vortex numberN=1,2.

Published
1992
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129. Vacuum decay of non-Abelian vortices

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Gauge boson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, General Mathematics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Engineering, Adjoint representation, Gauge (firearms), Higgs field, Gauge group, Higgs boson, Abelian group, False vacuum, Mathematical physics
Abstract

This note is a case study of a general SU(2) gauge vortex model where the two Higgs multiplets are in the adjoint representation of the gauge group and the Higgs potential energy density contains cross interaction terms The vacuum decay of finite-energy solutions is proved and the existence of a non-trivial solution is established. Moreover, for a special choice of the parameter region, the occurrence of a non-linear desingularization phenomenon is observed.

Published
1992
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130. The existence of a class of cosmic string solutions with infinite energy

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Class (set theory), General Mathematics, Riemann surface, Mathematical analysis, String field theory, String theory, Cosmic string, High Energy Physics::Theory, Non-critical string theory, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, symbols, Energy condition, Energy (signal processing), Mathematics
Abstract

SynopsisRecent studies have indicated that in a certain critical coupling phase the Einstein–matter–gauge equations may be reduced to a Bogomol'nyi–Einstein system and the solutions are cosmic strings with finite separation. In this paper, we view the spacetime as known and treat the dynamics as being determined by the matter–gauge sector in an asymptotically Euclidean geometry. It is shown that the model admits a continuous family of infinite energy solutions which decay to the symmetric vacuum faster than any exponential functions.

Published
1992
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131. A Matrix Trace Inequality

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Combinatorics, Algebra, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Applied Mathematics, Linear algebra, Positive-definite matrix, Hermitian matrix, Analysis, media_common, Mathematics
Abstract

Si A et B sont deux matrices definies positives n×n, alors I) tr(AB)>0 et II) [tr(AB)] 1/2

Published
2000
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132. A generalized self-dual Chern-Simons Higgs theory

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Scalar (mathematics), Chern–Simons theory, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Function (mathematics), Type (model theory), Potential energy, High Energy Physics::Theory, Theoretical physics, Higgs field, Higgs boson, Quantum field theory, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In the recently discovered Chern-Simons model, the reduction to a Bogomol'nyi bound or self-duality depends crucially on the specific form of the Higgs potential energy function, which is characterized by a φ6 type self-interaction. The purpose of this paper is to show that a much wider class of Higgs self-interaction may be allowed to achieve self-duality provided that the kinetic energy term of the Higgs scalar is suitably modified. The existence of topological multivortex solutions is also established. Furthermore, it is remarked that the Meissner effect may occur in the model.

Published
1991
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133. On the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer integral equation in the theory of superconductivity

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Superconductivity, Partial differential equation, Integro-differential equation, Quantum electrodynamics, Bounded function, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Summation equation, BCS theory, Cahn–Hilliard equation, Integral equation, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

The Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer integral equation with a positive kernel is studied in full generality. It is shown that, there exists a unique finite transition temperature, T c so that, if TT c ,the only solution of the equation is the trivial one, indicating the occurrence of the normal phase. Moreover, it is demonstrated that such a positive solution may be approximated by a sequence of solutions of the equation restricted on bounded domains. This latter result provides a useful computational scheme for the problem.

Published
1991
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134. Existence of the massive SO(3) vortices

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Existence theorem, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, Quantization (physics), Variational principle, Quantum mechanics, Symmetry breaking, Gauge theory, Boundary value problem, Type-II superconductor, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics, Ansatz, Mathematics
Abstract

In the massive SO(3) gauge field theory, a critical choice of the configuration ansatz leads to a system of the Bogomol’nyi type equations governing the unstable modes of the model. A ’t Hooft periodic condition implies the quantization of the flux lines confined in a cell domain if a certain class of solutions exist. The present paper establishes an existence theorem for such solutions via a constrained variational principle. These solutions exhibit the analogous properties of the vortex‐like solutions predicted in the theory of type II superconductivity by Abrikosov.

Published
1991
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135. Existence of Knots of Minimum Energy and Topological Growth Laws in the Faddeev Model

Author

Fanghua Lin and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Baryon, Sequence, Range (mathematics), Hopf invariant, Compact space, Meson, Law, Nuclear Theory, Convergence (routing), Quantum field theory, Mathematics
Abstract

The Faddeev knots are the energy minimizers topologically stratified by the Hopf invariant in the Faddeev quantum field theory model governing the interaction of baryons and mesons. Recent progress made on the existence theory indicates that two growth laws expressed in terms of the Faddeev energy and the Hopf invariant are essential. The first one, called the Substantial Inequality, describes the energy splitting pattern in a minimization process and gives valuable information on compactness or convergence of a minimizing sequence. The second one, which will be shown to be universally valid for a broad range of energy functionals, ensures that knotted structures are preferred over multiplesoliton structures in high Hopf numbers.

Published
2008
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136. Proof of the Julia-Zee Theorem

Author

Joel Spruck and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Statement (logic), Minkowski space, FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Structural property, Gauge theory, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Mathematical proof, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

It is a well accepted principle that finite-energy static solutions in the classical relativistic gauge field theory over the $(2+1)$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime must be electrically neutral. We call such a statement the Julia--Zee theorem. In this paper, we present a mathematical proof of this fundamental structural property.

Published
2008
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137. Self-dual monopoles in a seven-dimensional gauge theory

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Class (set theory), Field (physics), Second order equation, Complex system, Equations of motion, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Gauge theory, Quantum field theory, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics, Mathematics, Dual (category theory)
Abstract

The existence of self-dual or anti-self-dual monopoles of a seven-dimensional generalized Yang-Mills-Higgs theory is proved using the second-order equations of motion. The behavior of solutions can be used to recognize self- or anti-self-duality. Moreover, it is shown that, in the class of the field configurations under discussion, the solutions are, in fact, unique.

Published
1990
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138. Computation of superconductivity in thin films

Author

Yisong Yang and San Yih Lin

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Numerical Analysis, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Solid-state physics, Condensed matter physics, Applied Mathematics, Nucleation, Computer Science Applications, Magnetic field, Computational Mathematics, Meissner effect, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Modeling and Simulation, Diamagnetism, Boundary value problem, Energy functional
Abstract

This paper presents a method for computing the physical states in superconducting thin films under the influence of a parallel uniform external magnetic field. The governing equations are the Ginzburg-Landau equations which in general possess multiple solutions and the physical states are those which minimize the total energy. In our approach the energy functional is used to generate a gradient flow and the physical states are obtained in the large time limit. The numerical results completely verify the Meissner effect and the fine structure of the solutions exhibits the occurrence of a symmetric nucleation of superconductivity at intermediate fields.

Published
1990
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139. The Ginzburg–Landau equations for superconducting films and the Meissner effect

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Coupling constant, Photon, Condensed matter physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Electron, Magnetic field, London equations, Meissner effect, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Quantum electrodynamics, Ginzburg–Landau theory, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The existence of the solutions at the lowest energy level to the Ginzburg–Landau equations describing superconducting films under the influence of an external magnetic field is proved. The condition obtained for maintaining superconducting states does not involve the Ginzburg–Landau parameter, and, more surprisingly, in this condition both the external magnetic field and the thickness of the film play equal parts. The asymptotic behavior of these solutions for small or large values of the external field is also studied, which qualitatively verifies the Meissner effect and quantitatively reproduces the solution found from the classical London theory.

Published
1990
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140. Convergence of the pseudospectral method for the Ginzburg-Landau equation

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Nonlinear system, Smoothness (probability theory), Gauss pseudospectral method, Rate of convergence, Applied Mathematics, Chebyshev pseudospectral method, Mathematical analysis, Convergence (routing), Pseudospectral optimal control, Pseudo-spectral method, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

The convergence of the pseudospectral (Fourier) method for the Ginzburg-Landau equation in nonlinear wave theory is proved. The rate of convergence depends on the smoothness of the initial data.

Published
1990
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141. Existence of solutions for a generalized Yang-Mills theory

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Theory, Partial differential equation, Conjecture, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Complex system, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Yang–Mills theory, Quantum field theory, Mathematical Physics, Action (physics), Mathematical physics, Mathematics
Abstract

The main result of this note is a proof of a conjecture of Burzlaff, O'Se and Tchrakian [1] concerning the existence of a certain kind of finite action solutions of the seven-dimensional generalized Yang-Mills-Higgs model derived from an eight-dimensional SO(8) Yang-Mills theory.

Published
1990
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142. On the Ginzburg-Landau Wave Equation

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
General Mathematics, Mathematics::History and Overview, Ginzburg landau equation, Initial value problem, Wave equation, Ginzburg landau, Three-dimensional space, Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

On etudie l'existence globale de solutions fortes du probleme aux valeurs initiales de l'equation d'onde de Ginzburg-Landau sur R n , avec n=1,2,3

Published
1990
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143. Boundary value problems of the Ginzburg–Landau equations

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Dirichlet problem, Partial differential equation, Monotone polygon, Euclidean space, General Mathematics, Bounded function, Mathematical analysis, Boundary value problem, Domain (mathematical analysis), Mathematics, Trace operator
Abstract

SynopsisFor a domain Ω in the Euclidean space Rd (d = 2, 3) existence of weak solutions for both interior and exterior Dirichlet boundary value problems of the Ginzburg-Landau equations are established without any restriction on the range of the coupling constant λ, thesize of Ω, or the boundary data. For the critical choice λ = 1, we prove the existence of confined multivortices in a bounded domain by a constructive monotone iteration method.

Published
1990
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146. On the global behaviour of symmetric Skyrmions

Author

Yisong Yang

Subjects
Skyrmion, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Geometry, Limit (mathematics), Calculus of variations, Function (mathematics), Baryon number, Convex function, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Mathematical physics
Abstract

It is shown that the chiral angle, θ(r), of the hedgehog (symmetric) Skyrmions with an arbitrary baryon number, is a strictly decreasing or increasing function. For large values of r>0, θ(r) is strictly convex or concave. As r→∞, θ(r) and θ′(r) approach their limit values at the rate Or-αfor any α∈(0,2).

Published
1990
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147. Spherically symmetric selfdual Yang-Mills instantons on curved backgrounds in all even dimensions

Author

Eugen Radu, D. H. Tchrakian, and Yisong Yang

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instanton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Euclidean space, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Yang–Mills existence and mass gap, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Constant curvature, High Energy Physics::Theory, Classical mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), De Sitter universe, 0103 physical sciences, Euclidean geometry, Stress–energy tensor, 010306 general physics, Signature (topology), Mathematical physics
Abstract

We present several different classes of selfdual Yang-Mills instantons in all even d backgrounds with Euclidean signature. In d=4p+2 the only solutions we found are on constant curvature dS and AdS backgrounds, and are evaluated in closed form. In d=4p an interesting class of instantons are given on black hole backgrounds. One class of solutions are (Euclidean) time-independent and spherically symmetric in d-1 dimensions, and the other class are spherically symmetric in all d dimensions. Some of the solutions in the former class are evaluated numerically, all the rest being given in closed form. Analytic proofs of existence covering all numerically evaluated solutions are given. All instantons studied have finite action and vanishing energy momentum tensor and do not disturb the geometry., 41 pages, 3 figures

Published
2007

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