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This paper investigates a novel method for the in-situ evaluation of the low-frequency magnetic field fluctuation in an atomic comagnetometer (ACM). An in-situ magnetic field measurement model is first established for the hybrid atomic spin ensembles in the ACM based on the simplified Bloch equations. Then, the ACM is transformed into an in-situ magnetometer by employing a large longitudinal magnetic field and a transversal alternating current (AC) magnetic field, respectively. This in-situ magnetometer is sensitive to the magnetic field fluctuation along the detection laser direction according to the established measurement model and can realize the magnetic field measurement sensitivity of 88fT/Hz1/2 at 0.1Hz. Finally, the low-frequency magnetic field fluctuation is evaluated with this in-situ magnetometer, whose influence on the stability of the ACM is also analyzed by the Allan variance method. The experimental results show that the contribution of the magnetic field fluctuation along the detection laser direction to the stability of the ACM is about 0.0068 deg/h, which means that the magnetic field error still has a non-negligible effect on the stability of the system. This new in-situ magnetic field measurement method has the advantages of simple operation and no need to replace the atomic vapor cell, which provides an effective means of the magnetic field error evaluation for the ACM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To capture the dynamic characteristics of a super high-rise structure under construction (i.e. Tianjin 117 Tower), multi-constellation GNSS-RTK (global navigation satellite system – real time kinematic) sensors are employed to derive the displacement information of the structure. A combined approach (CEEMDAN–WT) of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and wavelet threshold (WT) technique is put forward to weaken the influence of background noise of sensors. For the sake of testing the effect of noise reduction via employing CEEMDAN–WT, a nonlinear signal with additive noise is introduced. Subsequently, the natural frequencies and the corresponding damping ratios of the structure are extracted based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and random decrement technique. In addition, the finite element model (FEM) of the structure is built to forecast the natural frequencies via modal analysis. The results show that: (1) The dynamic displacement information of super high-rise structures can be effectively determined based on GNSS-RTK technique; (2) The presented CEEMDAN–WT approach outperforms the single CEEMDAN and WT approaches; (3) The result obtained via the field measurement coincides with the FEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mounting attention has been focused on defects in macroautophagy/autophagy and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in cerebral ischemia. TFEB (transcription factor EB)-mediated induction of ALP has been recently considered as the common mechanism in ameliorating the pathological lesion of myocardial ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we explored the vital role of TFEB in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO)-mediated dysfunction of ALP and ischemic insult in rats. The results showed that ALP function was first enhanced in the early stage of the ischemic process, especially in neurons of the cortex, and this was accompanied by increased TFEB expression and translocation to the nucleus, which was mediated at least in part through activation by PPP3/calcineurin. At the later stages of ischemia, a gradual decrease in the level of nuclear TFEB was coupled with a progressive decline in lysosomal activity, accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagy substrates, and exacerbation of the ischemic injury. Notably, neuron-specific overexpression of TFEB significantly enhanced ALP function and rescued the ischemic damage, starting as early as 6 h and even lasting to 48 h after ischemia. Furthermore, neuron-specific knockdown of TFEB markedly reversed the activation of ALP and further aggravated the neurological deficits and ischemic outcome at the early stage of pMCAO. These results highlight neuronal-targeted TFEB as one of the key players in the pMCAO-mediated dysfunction of ALP and ischemic injury, and identify TFEB as a promising target for therapies aimed at neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Abbreviations: AAV, adeno-associated virus; AIF1/IBA1, allograft inflammatory factor 1; ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway; CQ, chloroquine; CTSB, cathepsin B; CTSD, cathepsin D; CsA, cyclosporin A; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP2, microtubule-associated protein 2; mNSS, modified Neurological Severity Score; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OGD, oxygen and glucose deprivation; pMCAO, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; RBFOX3/NeuN, RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3; SQSTM1, sequestosome1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors proposed a new precast RC column-steel beam (RCS) joint with whole column-section diaphragm, aiming to address the shortcomings including bearing failure and difficulty in prefabrication of the RCS joint details available in the existing literature. Due to its unique details, the proposed RCS joint may have a dissimilar force-transferring mechanism from the conventional beam-through type RCS joint. Moreover, the effect of various parameters on this novel joint was still unclear by limited test results. The objective of this study was to clarify the shear mechanism of the proposed joint and the impact of critical parameters. Specimens with different axial load ratios and thickness of parallel FBPs were tested under cyclic loading. The results showed that the increase in axial load ratio and thickness of parallel FBPs improved joint strength in this test. A detailed three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and verified using the experimental results. The difference in the force transferring between the proposed joint and conventional beam-through RCS joints was explained in detail based on the numerical results. The dowel action of longitudinal column bars were evident in the proposed joint and the orthogonal FBPs were ineffective in activating the inner concrete strut. A parametric study was further conducted. The impacts of width of parallel FBPs, thickness of orthogonal FBPs, and axial load ratio were investigated. The joint strength linearly increased with the width of parallel FBPs. A parabolic distribution of shear stress in the parallel FBP section was obtained, while the yield zone was concentrated in the central area of the parallel FBP. The ductility could be improved with the thickness of orthogonal FBPs when the thickness was less than 10 mm. Further increasing the thickness of orthogonal FBP beyond 10 mm did not significantly affect the overall joint behavior. The joint may attain the optimal shear strength when the axial load ratio is between 0.3 and 0.4. The modeling approach in this study could be adopted as an effective tool to assess joint behavior. Moreover, the conclusions obtained by numerical study potentially promoted the application of the proposed joint. • A comprehensive numerical study on a new proposed RCS joint with whole column-section diaphragm was presented. • A finite element model that reasonably revealed the joint behavior was developed. • The differences in force-transferring mechanism between the proposed joint and traditional joint were discussed. • The effects of essential parameters on joint behavior were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liriomyza trifolii, which has been recently prevalent in China, harms more than 300 plant species, especially cowpea in Hainan. This pest also affects the quality and production of vegetables in winter. Indoxacarb is the first commercial oxadiazine pesticide, which is a new efficient insecticide used to control pests of Diptera, including L. trifolii. The unique mechanism of indoxacarb is that indenyl is transformed into N-demethoxycarbonyl metabolite (DCJW) in insects and acts on inactivated sodium channel; DCJW could then destroy the conduction of nerve impulses, which leads to movement disorders, feeding stoppage, paralysis, and eventually the death of pests. The field population of L. trifolii developed resistance by 769 times higher than the sensitive population in Sanya, Hainan. Results revealed the existence of a mutation (i.e., V1848I) in the sixth transmembrane segment of Domain IV of the sodium channel in the field population. The homozygous resistant genotype frequency for the V1848I mutation was 10–15% among the three field-collected populations. This paper reports for the first time the presence of the kdr mutation V1848I in resistant populations of L. trifolii to indoxacarb. The present study will contribute to the understanding of the evolution of indoxacarb resistance and contribute to the development of resistance management practices for winter vegetables in Hainan. [Display omitted] • The resistance of indoxacarb was the highest from Sanya population. • A mutations of V1848I was detected in domain IV region of L. trifolii. • V1848I was the first reported in the L. trifolii. • V1848I is one of the mutation points associated with DCJW resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optically pumped atoms have essential applications in magnetic sensing, physics research, and inertial navigation. The polarization gradient caused by light absorption dramatically influences the performance of quantum sensors based on optical pumping. This paper presents a novel approach to address the trade-off between polarization gradient and sensitivity by introducing the pulsed optical pumping method. The interplay of pulsed optical pumping, relaxation, and diffusion processes leads to a more homogeneous distribution of electron spin. Experimental results indicate that the pulsed optical pumping technique increases the optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) signal strength by 12.8% and increases the nuclear spin coherence time by 12.29% in optically pumped co-magnetometer (OPCM). This technology has broad applications in sensors based on the optical pumping effect, such as OPM, OPCM, and nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, and holds immense promise for future advancements in the optical pumping field. • Novel Approach: Pulsed optical pumping for homogeneous polarization. • Improved Performance: Improved Performance: Increases OPM signal strength and nuclear spin coherence time. • Broad Applications: Applicable to OPMs, OPCMs, NMRGs, et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenol red and PEG-4000, the usual non-absorbable indicators, have non-negligible absorption problems in measuring water flux. mPEG-PR, combined phenol red with mPEG-4000, was first synthesized and could decrease absorption. However, its application has not been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to explore the applicability of mPEG-PR as a novel non-absorption indicator in the in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) experiment. Six model drugs (atenolol ranitidine, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, antipyrine, hydrochlorothiazide) were used to compare the accuracy of four measuring methods including phenol red, mPEG-PR, gravimetric, and non-corrected methods of correcting intestinal fluid transport. Moreover, we evaluated the correlations between the effective permeability coefficients (P eff) in rat and fraction dose absorbed (F abs) in human, P eff in human, and apparent permeability coefficients (P app) by the Ussing Chamber system using human tissue. Among these methods, mPEG-PR was the most reliable approach, which avoided the absorption of phenol red method and mucous shedding or water evaporation of gravimetric method. An excellent correlation was obtained between the P eff of rat and F abs of human. Our results of this study indicated that mPEG-PR was a stable and accurate non-absorbable indicator to correct water flux in the in situ SPIP model, which could be developed to predict the human F abs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation of the stems and leaves of Physalis pubescens resulted in the isolation of ten compounds, including a new phenylpropanoid amide N 1-(Z)- N 6-(Z)-di- p -coumaroylputrescine (1) and nine known analogues (2 – 10). Their structures were identified using extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, NMR, HR-ESIMS). Compounds 1 – 4 and 9 – 10 were reported from the genus Physalis for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed. [Display omitted] • A new phenylpropanoid amide and nine known analogues (2 – 10) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Physalis pubescens. • Compounds 1 – 4 and 9 – 10 were isolated from the genus Physalis for the first time. • The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke induced by permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PF11 on thromboembolic stroke in rats and its possible mechanisms on thromboinflammation. PF11 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) once a day for 3 consecutive days to male Wistar rats followed by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). The results showed that PF11 significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits induced by eMCAO. Meanwhile, the thromboinflammation in the ischemic hemisphere was observed at 24 h after eMCAO, as indicated by the increased number of microvascular thrombus and inflammatory response. Moreover, eMCAO resulted in the up-regulation of platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) and VI (GPVI), as well as the activation of contact-kinin pathway. Notably, PF11 significantly reversed all these changes. Furthermore, PF11 prevented the eMCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thus leading to the alleviation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In conclusion, the present study revealed that thromboinflammation was induced in the ischemic hemisphere of rats after eMCAO and PF11 exerted marked protective effects against thromboembolic stroke by attenuating thromboinflammation and preventing BBB damage. This research further identifies the potential therapeutic role of PF11 for ischemic stroke. [Display omitted] • Thromboinflammation is induced in acute thromboembolic stroke. • PF11 ameliorates thromboembolic stroke injury by reducing thromboinflammation. • PF11 prevents the up-regulation of platelet GPIbα and GPVI after eMCAO. • PF11 inhibits the activation of contact-kinin pathway after eMCAO. • PF11 alleviates the BBB damage after eMCAO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apolygus lucorum could cause severe economic damage to crops in China. The pest has been controlled by pyrethroids, and the target of pyrethroids is voltage-gated sodium channel (Na v). Double mutation (L1002F/D941G) was detected in a field-strain of A. lucorum. We found there was single mutation L1002F and double mutation L1002F/D941G, but no single mutation D941G in the field. The tail currents of L1002F and L1002F/D941G were reduced by two types pyrethroid. In contrast, D941G showed a similar activity as wild type channel. D941G and L1002F are both located in domain II but do not face the pyrethroid-binding pocket directly, suggesting that they might affect the insecticide-binding allosterically. L1002F/D941G has significantly different responses to pyrethroids compared to the wild type, but D941G alone has little effect compared to wild type. Our finding demonstrates that some mutation do not cause resistance by itself but can enhance the resistance combined with other mutations. [Display omitted] • Single mutation L1002F and double mutation L1002F/D941G were found, but no single mutation D941G in the field. • The tail currents of L1002F and L1002F/D941G were reduced by two types pyrethroid. • The wild type and D941G mutant were sensitive to the four pyrethroids. • D941G and L1002F were both located in domain II but do not face the pyrethroid-binding pocket directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unique features and worse outcomes have been reported for breast cancers among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; age 15-39 years). However, there are few up-to-date and comprehensive data to analyze the disease burden of AYA breast cancer., Patients and Methods: The data of incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) owing to breast cancer was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We computed estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of each indicator to capture the secular trend in breast cancer and conducted a decomposition analysis to examine factors behind DALYs changes. We also predicted the incident cases, deaths and DALYs to 2044., Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) experienced an increasing trend globally [EAPC: 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.97]. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of male AYAs breast cancer were all on the rise. The most significant increase trends in ASRs among female AYAs occurred in North Africa and Middle East, while male AYAs showed the highest increases in East Asia. Population growth contributed the most to the growth of DALYs in East Asia. Frontier analysis showed that despite limited resources, some underdeveloped countries still exhibit superior performance, while other countries with higher sociodemographic index have great room for improvement., Conclusions: The global burden of AYAs breast cancer is grim, especially in North Africa and Middle East. The significant increase in male AYAs breast cancer burden, targeted prevention strategies may need to be developed for AYAs breast cancer by sex and countries., Competing Interests: Disclosures: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest, and have no patents, whether planned, pending, or issued, broadly relevant to the work. Ethical Approval: The study does not involve any ethical problem and data collection was completed in accordance with the ethical regulations. All the authors have agreed to publish this manuscript., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) is a significant global health concern, exacerbated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This review examines the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within and between different species of GNB facilitated by MGEs, focusing on the roles of plasmids and phages. The impact of non-antibiotic chemicals, environmental factors affecting ARG transfer frequency, and underlying molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance evolution are also discussed. Additionally, the study critically assesses the impact of fitness costs and compensatory evolution driven by MGEs in host organisms, shedding light on the transfer frequency of ARGs and host evolution within ecosystems. Overall, this comprehensive review highlights the factors and mechanisms influencing ARG movement among diverse GNB species and underscores the importance of implementing holistic One-Health strategies to effectively address the escalating public health challenges associated with AMR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Guyue Cheng reports financial support was provided by National Key Research and Development Program of China. Guyue Cheng reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The longitudinal relaxation time (T 1 ) of noble gas nuclear spins is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of an atomic comagnetometer, significantly influencing the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Traditional measurement techniques, such as the free induction decay method combined with the spin growth technique (FIDSG), are time-consuming for gases with extended T 1 durations, such as 21 Ne, and are prone to substantial environmental variability. Here, we propose the transverse low-frequency square-wave magnetic field modulation (LSMM) method for the rapid measurement of T 1 . The experiment indicates that the LSMM significantly condenses the measurement time to 19.2% of the original, thereby diminishing the robustness demands of the system. Although a minor discrepancy of up to 3 min (or 1.3%) exists between LSMM and FIDSG results, the LSMM method provides strong support for calibrating the performance of comagnetometer cells and conducting various nuclear spin polarization experiments, thereby improving efficiency and reducing energy loss.

Background: Phyllodes tumors (PTs), which account for less than 1% of mammary gland tumors, composed of both epithelial and stromal components. If a malignant heterologous component is encountered, PT is considered malignant. Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPTs) only account for 8% to 20% of PTs. We report a case of MPT with osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma differentiation and review the literature to discuss the differential diagnosis and therapy., Case Presentation: A 59-year-old Chinese woman come to our hospital because of a palpable mass she had had for 1 months in the left breast. Preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) was performed on the left breast mass on January 11, 2023. Pathological diagnosis was malignant tumor, the specific type was not clear. Mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy of the left breast was performed. No metastasis was found in 3 sentinel lymph nodes identified by carbon nanoparticles and methylene blue double staining. Heterologous osteosarcoma and chondrosarcomatous differentiation of phyllodes tumor were observed. Immunohistochemistry: spindle tumor cells ER(-), PR(-), HER-2(-), CK-pan(-), CK7(-), CK8(-), SOX10(-), S100(-), and MDM2(-), CK5/6(-), P63(-), P40(-) were all negative. CD34:(+), SATB2(+), P53(90% strong), CD68 (+), Ki-67(LI: about 60%). No ductal carcinoma in situ was found in the breast. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated USP6 was negatively expressed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections., Conclusion: MPTs are rare, and heterologous differentiation in MPTs is exceedingly rare. It could be diagnosed by pathology when metaplastic carcinoma, primary osteosarcoma, or myositis ossificans were excluded. This case could help clinicians to improve the prognosis and treatment of this disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Ou, Li and Yuan.)

Topography is an important factor affecting soil erosion and is measured as a combination of the slope length and slope steepness (LS-factor) in erosion models, like the Chinese Soil Loss Equation. However, global high-resolution LS-factor datasets have rarely been published. Challenges arise when attempting to extract the LS-factor on a global scale. Furthermore, existing LS-factor estimation methods necessitate projecting data from a spherical trapezoidal grid to a planar rectangle, resulting in grid size errors and high time complexity. Here, we present a global 1-arcsec resolution LS-factor dataset (DS-LS-GS1) with an improved method for estimating the LS-factor without projection conversion (LS-WPC), and we integrate it into a software tool (LS-TOOL). Validation of the Himmelblau-Orlandini mathematical surface shows that errors are less than 1%. We assess the LS-WPC method on 20 regions encompassing 5 landform types, and R 2 of LS-factor are 0.82, 0.82, 0.83, 0.83, and 0.84. Moreover, the computational efficiency can be enhanced by up to 25.52%. DS-LS-GS1 can be used as high-quality input data for global soil erosion assessment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Targeted estrogen receptor degradation has been approved to effectively treat ER + breast cancers. Due to the poor bioavailability of fulvestrant, the first generation of SERD, many efforts were made to develop oral SERDs. With the approval of Elacestrant, oral SERDs demonstrated superior efficacy than fulvestrant. However, due to the poor ability of known SERDs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), breast cancer patients with brain metastasis cannot benefit from clinical SERDs., Methods: The ER inhibitory effects were evaluated on ERα protein degradation, and target genes downregulation. And anti-proliferation activities were further determined in a panel of ER + breast cancer cell lines. The subcutaneous and intracranial ER + tumor models were used to evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumor effects. Brain penetrability was determined in multiple animal species., Results: SCR-6852 is a novel SERD and currently is under early clinical evaluation. In vitro studies demonstrated that it strongly induced both wildtype and mutant ERα degradation. It potently inhibited cell proliferation in a panel of ER + breast cancer cell lines, including the cell lines containing ESR1 mutations (Y537 and D538). Furthermore, SCR-6852 exhibited pure antagonistic activities on the ERɑ signal axis identified both in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of SCR-6852 at 10 mg/kg resulted in tumor shrinkage which was superior to Fulvestrant at 250 mg/kg, notably, in the intracranial tumor model, SCR-6852 effectively inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged mice survival, which correlated well with the high exposure in brains. In addition to mice, SCR-6852 also exhibited high brain penetrability in rats and dogs., Conclusions: SCR-6852 is a novel SERD with high potency in inducing ERα protein degradation and pure antagonistic activity on ERɑ signaling in vitro and in vivo. Due to the high brain penetrability, SCR-6852 could be used to treat breast patients with brain metastasis., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: Uterine smooth muscle hyperplasia causes a tumor called a uterine fibroid. With an incidence of up to 30%, it is one of the most prevalent tumors in women and has the third highest prevalence of all gynecological illnesses. Although uterine fibroids are usually not accompanied by symptoms, there are physical effects, such as impairment of the ability to conceive. To reduce morbidity, early detection and treatment are crucial. Ultrasound imaging is a common method used for pre-operative guidance and interventional therapy. Many applications of object detection are performing well with the advancement of deep learning in the field of medical image analysis. To ensure accuracy, computer-assisted detection can further solve the subjective problem generated by different doctors when they read images., Methods: Our research provides an improved YOLOv3 that combines the properties of EfficientNet and YOLOv3, which use a convolutional neural network to extract features, to detect uterine fibroid ultrasound images., Results: Our approach attained an F1 score of 95% and an average precision of 98.38% and reached a detection speed of 0.28 s per image. We reviewed and analyzed several detection techniques and identified potential future research hotpots., Conclusion: This technique offers enough supplementary diagnostic tools for amateur or expert ultrasonologists and sets a solid foundation for future medical care and surgical excision., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Biological geochemistry is a main suggested cause of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), due to the absence or excess of elements in the environment. Initially, Se deficiency is regarded as the most key role in the etiology of KBD, and selenium supplementation effectively helps to prevent and control KBD. However, several elements are reported to be relevant to KBD or selenium in succession, which indicated selenium deficiency is not the original etiology of KBD. The study comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of the bio-element profile of KBD and further re-examined the unique role of selenium in etiology. The study measured 14 elements, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, manganese, lead, arsenic, and mercury, which were detected from hair samples collected from 150 boys. Research participants were separated based on whether they had received any preventative treatment (with and without selenium supplementation). From endemic areas, 30 KBD and 30 healthy children without any preventative treatment were selected alongside 30 KBD and 30 healthy children with selenium supplementation. The participants from endemic areas were then compared to 30 healthy children living in non-endemic areas. Compared to the non-endemic group, the levels of iron and manganese were all significantly higher in the endemic groups and were further elevated in KBD participants (p < 0.05). In contrast, selenium and iodine levels in endemic areas were much lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The proportions of selenium excess (p < 0.05) and iodine deficiency (p < 0.05) in endemic groups were significantly lower than participants from non-endemic areas. Meanwhile, excess levels of iron (p < 0.05) and manganese (p < 0.05) were higher in the endemic groups. Moreover, the proportions of Zn/Fe and Se/Mn were found to be significantly lower in endemic area participants than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Three pairs of elements had a correlation coefficient value of more than 0.6: 0.7423 for manganese and calcium, 0.6446 for potassium and sodium, and 0.6272 for manganese and iron. The ratios of Se/Mn and Zn/Fe were associated with a correlation coefficient value of 0.8055. Magnesium, sodium, copper, and iodine levels were meticulously examined using binary regression analysis. This was also used to determine the ratios of Ca/Mg, Ca/P, Zn/Fe, Se/Mn, and Se/I. Thus, the study largely revealed the vital role of manganese, iron, and iodine (in conjunction with selenium) in KBD etiology and pathogenesis. High manganese and iron levels with low selenium and iodine levels were identified as characteristic features of the bio-element profile of KBD. The different element ratios reflect the interaction between several elements. The most significant of these were the proportions of Se/Mn and Zn/Fe, which may be significant in the occurrence and development of KBD., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of selenium on the chondrocyte glycoprotein glycosylation which plays important roles in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Cartilage samples were collected from KBD patients after total knee replacement surgery. Chondrocytes were cultured with sodium selenium. The group of chondrocytes which were cultured without adding sodium selenium was considered as control group. Lectin microarray was used to screen the differences in lectin levels between KBD and KBD with selenium groups. Stronger signals for Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-I), Hippeastrum hybrid lectin (HHL), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL-I), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin II (PTL-II), Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) were observed in the KBD group. Meanwhile, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) lectin (LEL), Peanut agglutinin (PNA), and Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA) signals were lower in the KBD group. Selenium may have the function of influence the expression levels of carbohydrate chains Galα1,3-Gal, high mannose, and GlcNAc., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common subtypes of head and neck malignancies worldwide. Long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNAs (LINCRNAs) have been recently implicated in various biological processes that take place in the setting of laryngeal cancer, but the regulatory role of LINC00319 in LSCC remains largely unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effect of LINC00319 on the development and progression of LSCC via high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3). Microarray-based analysis was initially conducted to identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs, after which the expression of LINC00319 and HMGB3 in LSCC tissues and cells was determined accordingly. CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells were subsequently isolated and transfected with LINC00319 overexpression vector (oe-LINC00319), short hairpin RNA (sh)-LINC00319, sh-HMGB3, sh-E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and oe-E2F1, as well as their corresponding controls. The proliferative, invasion, self-renewal, and tumorigenic abilities of CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells were then evaluated. Our in vitro findings were further confirmed following subcutaneous injection of cells expressing the corresponding plasmids into nude mice. LINC00319 and HMGB3 expressions were elevated in LSCC cells and tissues. LINC00319 increased HMGB3 expression by recruiting E2F1. Furthermore, the stimulatory role of LINC00319 on the proliferation, invasion, self-renewal ability, and tumorigenicity of CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells was achieved by upregulating HMGB3 via recruitment of E2F1. The in vitro findings were also confirmed by in vivo experiments. Taken together, these data show that downregulating LINC00319 in CD133 + CD144 + TU177 cells may serve as a potential anticancer regimen by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of cancer stem cells in LSCC., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Objective: To study the expressions of FSCN1 and HGF in nasal inverted papilloma (NIP) and explore their role in occurrence and development of this disease., Method: Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of FSCN1 and HGF in 12 cases of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, 40 cases of NIP and 14 cases of NIP with malignant transformation., Result: FSCN1 was expressed in 52.5% of NIP, 78.6% of NIP with malignant transformation and 8.3% of inferior turbinate of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Expression of FSCN1 was significantly higher in NIP and NIP with malignant transformation than in inferior turbinate (P<0.05). HGF was expressed in 85.7% of NIP with malignant transformation and 8.3% of inferior turbinate. Expression of HGF was significantly higher in NIP with malignant transformation than in inferior turbinate (P<0.05). HGF was expressed in 40.0% of NIP,which was higher than that of inferior turbinate. Expression of HGF was positively related to expression of FSCN1 in NIP and NIP with malignant transformation., Conclusion: The abnormal expression of FSCN1 and HGF may be closely correlated with NIP and its malignant process. Analysis of FSCN1 and HGF expression in NIP may be useful in predicting malignant transformation.