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Table S1. List of antibodies used in the study. (PDF 231 kb)

Figure S1. Evaluation of respiratory function. (PDF 298 kb)

Pickering emulsion enriched with cinnamon essential oil (EO) was applied to partially replace butter in pound cakes and to inhibit mold growth. Pickering emulsions stabilized by zein nanoparticles were dominated by elasticity (G' > Gʺ), indicating the formation of gel-like network microstructure. The aldehyde groups of cinnamaldehyde may interact with amino groups on zein nanoparticles at oil-water interface to enhance the viscoelastic properties of Pickering emulsions, which explained the increased storage modulus as the amount of EO increased. Pickering emulsion of 20 g zein nanoparticle solution (ZNS) +20 g sunflower oil significantly increased the hardness of pound cakes, while Pickering emulsion with 5 g EO addition maintained the texture and colour compared with control group. EO also exerted antimicrobial effect to pound cakes, as the yeasts and molds of 5 g and 10 g EO emulsion added cakes were 1.55 and 1.42 log CFU/g after 12-day room-temperature storage compared with 2.96 log CFU/g of control group. To conclude, Pickering emulsion of 20 g ZNS+15 g oil+5 g EO showed the best effect to replace 20% butter in pound cakes to lower the calorie intake and extend the shelf-life without altering the texture and colour.

Aiming at the problem of singularity and mutation points after wavelet denoising with improved layered threshold when denoising the downlink signal received in the downhole in rotary steering drilling, a bilayer filtering denoising method based on singular value decomposition is proposed. This method combines wavelet denoising and singular value decomposition denoising, and adopts the WT-SVD bilayer filtering denoising method to construct a matrix of the wavelet improved layered threshold denoising signal, and then performs singular value decomposition and recovery on the matrix signal. The number of selected singular values and the structure of the reconstruction matrix were determined through experiments, and the signal waveforms, signal-to-noise ratio, root mean square error and correlation coefficients of three different denoising methods including singular value decomposition, wavelet improved layered threshold and WT-SVD bilayer filtering are compared and studied. The final experimental results show that the WT-SVD bilayer filtering denoising method is effective.

Background Sulfur mustard (SM) is a notorious chemical warfare agent that can cause severe acute lung injury (ALI), in addition to other lesions. Currently, effective medical countermeasures for SM are lacking. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) possess self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. BMSCs can also migrate to inflammation and injury sites and exert anti-inflammatory and tissue repair functions. Here, we report the curative effect of BMSCs on SM-induced ALI in a mouse model. Methods Mice BMSCs were injected into mice via the tail vein 24 h after SM exposure. The distribution of BMSCs in mice was detected by fluorescence imaging. The therapeutic potential of BMSCs was evaluated by the calculating survival rate. The effects of BMSCs on lung tissue injury and repair assessment were examined by staining with H&E and measuring the lung wet/dry weight ratio, BALF protein level, and respiratory function. The effects of BMSCs on the infiltration and phenotypic alteration of inflammatory cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The levels of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines were examined using the Luminex Performance Assay and ELISA. RNA interference, western blotting, and ELISA were applied to explore the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway in the anti-inflammatory effects of BMSCs. The extent of tissue repair was analyzed by ELISA, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results Fluorescence imaging indicated that the lung is the major target organ of BMSCs after injection. The injection of BMSCs significantly improved the survival rate (p

Background Health utility (HU) is essential to understanding the effects of HIV infection as a chronic disease. No HU data on pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Yunnan Province are available. This study aims to construct a database on HU and explore factors associated with HU by pregnant women living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were enrolled in the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs in Yunnan Province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yunnan Province on pregnant women living with HIV who were selected by convenience sampling. Sociodemographic, HIV-related, social support, and HU data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The European quality of life five-dimensional three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire and the social support rate scale (SSRS) were applied. Results One hundred and one pregnant women (mean age of 30.4 ± 5.1 years) participated in the survey. The mean EQ-5D index score and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score of participants were 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.79) and 75.77 (95% CI 75.00–80.00), respectively. The effect of social support on HU was maintained significant difference even after adjusting for such factors as education level, household income per year, and HIV disclosure, demonstrating a significant difference within EQ-5D index scores and EQ-VAS scores. Conclusions Pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS who were enrolled in PMTCT programs reported the same level of HU as other patients living with HIV/AIDS. Integrating measurements of HU by using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire could be helpful for economic evaluation of the PMTCT program. This study also suggests a potential benefit of appropriate social support.

VFL and VvTFL1 genes expression patterns and the effects of sucrose on the expression of VFL and VvTFL1 genes in different organs of the “Xiangfei” grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated. VvTFL1 gene expression was detected in the meristem of the apical bud and lateral bud, but was not detected during inflorescence differentiation and flower organ development. After sucrose treatment, VvTFL1 gene expression increased in the apical bud, but decreased in the lateral bud. These results suggested that the VvTFL1 gene might be mainly involved in the apical growth process of shoots, and exogenous sucrose had an effect on the VvTFL1 gene by increasing shoot apical meristem initiation of apical buds. The VFL gene was expressed primarily during inflorescence differentiation and early flower organ development, but it gradually reduced in later flower development. After sucrose treatment, VFL gene expression increased in the inflorescence and small or middle flower, but a little change was seen in the large flower. These results suggested that the VFL gene plays important roles in the initiation of inflorescence meristems and the morphological formation of flower organs. Exogenous sucrose had an effect on VFL gene expression at the early stage of flower development.

Tens of miRNAs were previously established as being arsenic (As) stress responsive in rice. However, their functional role in As tolerance remains unclear. This study demonstrates that transgenic plants overexpressing miR528 (Ubi::MIR528) were more sensitive to arsenite [As(III)] compared with wild-type (WT) rice. Under normal and stress conditions, miR528-5p and -3p were highly up-regulated in both the roots and leaves of transgenic plants, which exhibited a negative correlation with the expression of seven target genes. Compared with WT plants, Ubi::MIR528 plants showed excessive oxidative stress generation and remarkable amino acid content changes in the roots and leaves upon As(III) exposure. Notably, the expression profiles of diverse functional genes were clearly different between WT and transgenic plants. Thus, the observed As(III) sensitivity of Ubi::MIR528 plants was likely due to the strong alteration of antioxidant enzyme activity and amino acid profiles and the impairment of the As(III) uptake, translocation, and tolerance systems of rice.

In this study, the differentiation of buds, inflorescences and flowers of the “Xiangfei” grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was examined, and the roles of the genes VvTFL1, VFL, VAP1, VvAG1 and VvSEP3 in the initiation and development of these organs were studied. We found that the structure of burst buds included an apical point, a leaf primordium, an inflorescence or tendril primordium, bract and stipule primordia. The original floral primordium formed lateral meristems for branching inflorescence primordia and continued to differentiate into floret primordia in lateral bud. VvTFL1 gene expression was detected in the apical meristems of swelling buds, but it was not detected during the entire process of inflorescence initiation and flower development. VFL and VAP1 genes were strongly detected in inflorescences and developing flowers. Furthermore, the VFL gene strongly detected in inflorescence meristems and flower organ primordia. VAP1 expression was detected in the branching of the pedicel region of burst buds, and after petal, stamen and carpel primordium development, VAP1 transcripts were clearly detected. The expression of VvAG1 and VvSEP3 began to be detected in the placental region of anatropous ovules at later stages of flower development, and VvAG1 had earlier effects than VvSEP3. These results suggest that those genes might play a different role in grapevine.

At present, malicious code becomes more and more harmful in common people’s daily life. In order to solve this problem, the relative methods and theories of Chinese word segmentation and malicious code detection are illustrated in this paper. A brief discussion on the new method of malicious code detection based on Chinese word segmentation has been made basically on a summary description.

With the global environmental problems getting obvious, the low-carbon economy has become another focus of the human development. The transportation is regarded as the largest industry of the energy consumption, which would cause wide concern. Under the background of the low-carbon economy, it has great significance for passengers and transportation departments to study the competence of the transport mode in the passenger transport. In this paper, the intension of the competitiveness of the transport mode in the passenger transport is combined, various means of transport are compared in the areas of energy consumption, land occupation, carbon dioxide emissions, external costs, etc. The evaluation of the core competence of high-speed railway is taken as an example. An appraisal index system in different levels is established, and the feasibility of using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate of the competence of the transport mode is explored. Its core competence is analyzed by the composite score and sort of the various transport modes.

Nanogratings spaced at 630 nm on NiTi alloy surfaces are produced by self-organized nanoplasma planes following scan of linearly-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. Their formation characteristics are investigated. Theoretical analysis matches well with our observations.