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The new color-tunable luminescent Eu/Tb(BPA)3phen composites have been successfully fabricated by the solvothermal reactions. The characterization of the final products have been investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DSC) and Ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. It is found that the geometry of the composite particles is regular by scanning electron microscopy image. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the initial decomposition temperature of the final products is 334 °C, approximately. The results demonstrate that Eu/Tb(BPA)3phen composites have excellent thermal stability. And the products after decomposition are stable oxides (Eu2O3 and Tb2O3). Furthermore, Eu and Tb ions complexes exhibit strong red and green luminescence, respectively. Emitting color of physically blended Eu(BPA)3phen and Tb(BPA)3phen composites can be tuned in a wide range from red to yellow to green under the excitation of 350 nm single-wavelength ultraviolet light. The CIE coordinates of CTb, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and CEu are calculated as (0.24, 0.60), (0.31, 0.56), (0.33, 0.55), (0.38, 0.52), (0.40, 0.51), (0.43, 0.48), (0.54, 0.41) and (0.65, 0.34), respectively. The color-tunable luminescent materials can be widely applications in many fields, such as the optical and electronic devices, fluorescent probe and labels.

In order to solve the problem that uniform grid map occupies large storage space in the process of large-scale map creation, a new adaptive grid map building algorithm based on multiway tree is proposed. The environment map is divided into nine grids. The algorithm determines whether the grid is completely occupied, partially occupied or vacant. Then the part occupied gridsare further subdivided into smaller grids. The algorithm continues to determine whether the smaller grid is completely occupied, partially occupied or vacant.Repeat the above segmentation process until the entire map search is completed and the accuracy requirements are met. Finally, the scale of grid map does not depend on human experience but presenting adaptive characteristics. The algorithm is compared with the uniform grid method.The simulation results show that the algorithm has convergence.Andcompared with the uniform scale raster map, itgreatly saves the storage space.

Background: As a non-cognitive trait, grit plays an important role in human learning. Although students higher in grit are more likely to perform well on tests, how they learn in the process has been underexamined. Objectives: This study attempted to explore how students with different levels of grit behave and learn in an exploratory learning environment. Methods: In this study, 66 students participated in seven exploratory tasks in Snap! for approximately 60 min after a 30-min lecture. Students were categorized into a high grit group and low grit group using a grit scale. The Mann-Whitney U test, epistemic network analysis and lag sequential analysis were used to explore the differences between groups in learning performance, technology acceptance and behavioural patterns. Results: Students with different levels of grit engaged in explorative tasks in a short period of time might not present significantly different learning performance, perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, but students higher in grit, actively engaging more different types of activities, tended to put greater sustained effort to solve the challenging task. Take Away: Although grit was not significantly correlated with learning performance when students engage in classroom-based explorative activities, grit did predict whether students are more likely to explore and put greater sustained effort into solving the challenging task.

Research on grit indicates that perseverance positively predicts academic achievement. Yet, the mechanisms through which perseverance might lead to academic success remain less explored, particularly in cross-cultural research. The current study investigated such mechanisms by examining possible mediating effects of students' use of self-regulated learning strategies (control, memorisation, and elaboration) on the predictive relation of students' perseverance on their academic achievement, in students from East Asian and Anglo-Saxon English speaking Western countries. The sample came from the OECD PISA study and included 24,352 population-representative 15-year-old students from Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Scotland, and the US. Results revealed that perseverance had a more positive association with achievement in East Asian cultures than Western cultures. Control strategy was stronger positive mediators of achievement in Western countries, whereas memorisation and elaboration strategy use and instrumental motivation more negatively mediated the effect of perseverance on achievement in Western countries.

This study attempted to assess public perceptions of and interest in MOOCs by examining how Weibo increases public discussion of MOOCs as well as by interpreting how individual learners talk about their learning experiences. Over 4,000 microblog posts were collected and analysed between 2013 and 2018. The findings showed that Weibo is used as a public service medium to augment the publicity of the MOOC movement and increase the accessibility of MOOC portals. The results also demonstrated that Weibo acts as a space for learners to share their personal learning experiences, which reflect aspects of autonomous, self-regulated, interactive and cooperative learning. By posting on Weibo, close peer connections and learning groups were established to encourage MOOC learning. This study's findings further the scholarly understanding of how MOOCs are discussed on social media and address an important gap around what is known in one of the largest and most under-researched sites of informal online learning.

Open Educational Resources (OER) aim to open up the access to education for everyone, further enhancing learning quality and facilitating knowledge sharing. Since their official adoption in 2012, OER have gained much attention with various studies being conducted to investigate how educators and students perceive these resources. However, less investigation was paid to OER adoption in developing African countries. Therefore, to promote social justice and facilitate OER adoption in these countries, this study investigates the pedagogical beliefs, teaching practices and use of OER in the Republic of Ghana. The mixed method (questionnaire and semi-structured interviews) was adopted to gain an in-depth understanding into the perceptions that Ghanaian educators have based on their experience with OER and how their interpretations or meanings they have derived from their experience affect the use of OER. The reported findings highlighted that while Ghanaian educators have positive pedagogical beliefs about OER and are using them in their teaching practices, several challenges are reported that might hinder OER adoption in Ghana. For instance, educators raised concerns about intellectual property and difficulty of finding OER. Based on these findings, this study provided recommendations for different stakeholders, to facilitate OER adoption in Ghana, and in similar African countries.

As a fundamental subject of medical education, human anatomy plays a critical role in the development of medical science. However, because of multiple factors including cultural conservativism and limited social understanding, China is facing a particularly severe shortage of bodies donated for anatomy education. Zhengzhou University (ZZU) has continued to uphold whole-body dissection as the preferred method for medical students to learn anatomy. For this study, records of registered individuals (who have signed a body donation agreement) and donors (whose bodies have been received) from 2001 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the body donation program (BDP) at ZZU, and then reinforce the social understanding for the BDP. The results showed a significant increase in the numbers of both registered individuals and donors since 2015, which is the year the publicity and commemoration in honor of donors were increased. There were no significant differences between the biological male and female sexes in the registered individuals, but the number of male donors (12.85 ± 10.86, per year) was significantly higher than that of female donors (4.75 ± 4.53, per year). The current donor profile at ZZU is male in his 60/70s, while the profile of registered individuals is male or female in their 60s. Strengthening the publicity and commemoration in honor of donors may contribute to the implementation of BDPs.

Limited data are available on the effects of perinatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for early childhood influenza infection. The aim of the present study was to examine whether perinatal versus adult ETS exposure might provoke more severe systemic and pulmonary innate immune responses in mice inoculated with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (IAV) compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or ETS for 6 weeks during the perinatal or adult period of life. Immediately following the final exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with IAV or PBS. Significant inflammatory effects were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of neonates inoculated with IAV (FA+IAV or ETS+IAV) compared to PBS (ETS+PBS or FA+PBS), and in the lung parenchyma of neonates administered ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV. Type I and III interferons were also elevated in the spleens of neonates, but not adults with ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV exposure. Both IAV-inoculated neonate groups exhibited significantly more CD4 T cells and increasing numbers of CD8 and CD25 T cells in lungs relative to their adult counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest perinatal ETS exposure induces an exaggerated innate immune response, which may overwhelm protective anti-inflammatory defenses against IAV, and enhances severity of infection at early life stages (e.g., in infants and young children).