323 results on '"Zelazny, Adrian M."'
Search Results
102. A Novel Bacterium Associated with Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
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Greenberg, David E, primary, Ding, Li, additional, Zelazny, Adrian M, additional, Stock, Frida, additional, Wong, Alexandra, additional, Anderson, Victoria L, additional, Miller, Georgina, additional, Kleiner, David E, additional, Tenorio, Allan R, additional, Brinster, Lauren, additional, Dorward, David W, additional, Murray, Patrick R, additional, and Holland, Steven M, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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103. Selection of Strains for Quality Assessment of the Disk Induction Method for Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococci: a CLSI Collaborative Study
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Zelazny, Adrian M., primary, Ferraro, Mary Jane, additional, Glennen, Anita, additional, Hindler, Janet F., additional, Mann, Linda M., additional, Munro, Susan, additional, Murray, Patrick R., additional, Reller, L. Barth, additional, Tenover, Fred C., additional, and Jorgensen, James H., additional
- Published
- 2005
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104. EVALUATION OF 7SL RNA GENE SEQUENCES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF LEISHMANIA SPP.
- Author
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ZELAZNY, ADRIAN M., primary, LI, LI, additional, FEDORKO, DANIEL P., additional, FISCHER, STEVEN H., additional, and NEVA, FRANKLIN A., additional
- Published
- 2005
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105. Identification of Mycobacterium Species by secA1 Sequences
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Zelazny, Adrian M., primary, Calhoun, Leslie B., additional, Li, Li, additional, Shea, Yvonne R., additional, and Fischer, Steven H., additional
- Published
- 2005
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106. Performance of the Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in Non-HIV-Related Cryptococcosis
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Jitmuang, Anupop, Panackal, Anil A., Williamson, Peter R., Bennett, John E., Dekker, John P., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay (CrAg LFA) was evaluated for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients. The sensitivity was excellent, suggesting that this assay can replace conventional testing based on latex agglutination (LA). CrAg LFA and LA titers were correlated but were not directly comparable, with implications for conversion between assays.
- Published
- 2015
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107. Clonal Diversification and Changes in Lipid Traits and Colony Morphology in Mycobacterium abscessusClinical Isolates
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Park, In Kwon, Hsu, Amy P., Tettelin, Hervé, Shallom, Shamira J., Drake, Steven K., Ding, Li, Wu, Un-In, Adamo, Nick, Prevots, D. Rebecca, Olivier, Kenneth N., Holland, Steven M., Sampaio, Elizabeth P., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe smooth-to-rough colony morphology shift in Mycobacterium abscessushas been implicated in loss of glycopeptidolipid (GPL), increased pathogenicity, and clinical decline in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, the evolutionary phenotypic and genetic changes remain obscure. Serial isolates from nine non-CF patients with persistent M. abscessusinfection were characterized by colony morphology, lipid profile via thin-layer chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), sequencing of eight genes in the GPL locus, and expression level of fadD23, a key gene involved in the biosynthesis of complex lipids. All 50 isolates were typed as M. abscessussubspecies abscessusand were clonally related within each patient. Rough isolates, all lacking GPL, predominated at later disease stages, some showing variation within rough morphology. While most (77%) rough isolates harbored detrimental mutations in mps1and mps2, 13% displayed previously unreported mutations in mmpL4aand mmpS4, the latter yielding a putative GPL precursor. Two isolates showed no deleterious mutations in any of the eight genes sequenced. Mixed populations harboring different GPL locus mutations were detected in 5 patients, demonstrating clonal diversification, which was likely overlooked by conventional acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture methods. Our work highlights applications of MALDI-TOF MS beyond identification, focusing on mycobacterial lipids relevant in virulence and adaptation. Later isolates displayed accumulation of triacylglycerol and reduced expression of fadD23, sometimes preceding rough colony onset. Our results indicate that clonal diversification and a shift in lipid metabolism, including the loss of GPL, occur during chronic lung infection with M. abscessus. GPL loss alone may not account for all traits associated with rough morphology.
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- 2015
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108. First Report of Westerdykella dispersaas a Cause of an Angioinvasive Fungal Infection in a Neutropenic Host
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Sue, Paul K., Gurda, Grzegorz T., Lee, Richard, Watkins, Tonya, Green, Rachel, Memon, Warda, Milstone, Aaron M., Zelazny, Adrian M., Fahle, Gary A., Pham, Thu Anh, Gibas, Connie F., Sutton, Deanna A., Wickes, Brian L., Wiederhold, Nathan P., and Zhang, Sean X.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTAngioinvasive fungal infections (AFIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. However, clinicomicrobiological characteristics and treatment of many AFI agents remain poorly defined. We report the first human case of infection with Westerdykella dispersa, an emergent cause of AFI, which was successfully treated in a neutropenic pediatric patient.
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- 2014
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109. Adaptability and Persistence of the Emerging Pathogen Bordetella petrii.
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Zelazny, Adrian M., Ding, Li, Goldberg, Joanna B., Mijares, Lilia A., Conlan, Sean, Conville, Patricia S., Stock, Frida, Ballentine, Samuel J., Olivier, Kenneth N., Sampaio, Elizabeth P., Murray, Patrick R., and Holland, Steven M.
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BORDETELLA , *GENE rearrangement , *CYSTIC fibrosis , *LUNG diseases , *BRONCHIECTASIS , *MYCOBACTERIAL diseases , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *MEDICAL microbiology - Abstract
The first described, environmentally isolated, Bordetella petrii was shown to undergo massive genomic rearrangements in vitro. More recently, B. petrii was isolated from clinical samples associated with jaw, ear bone, cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary disease. However, the in vivo consequences of B. petrii genome plasticity and its pathogenicity remain obscure. B. petrii was identified from four sequential respiratory samples and a post-mortem spleen sample of a woman presenting with bronchiectasis and cavitary lung disease associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Strains were compared genetically, phenotypically and by antibody recognition from the patient and from inoculated mice. The successive B. petrii strains exhibited differences in growth, antibiotic susceptibility and recognition by the patient’s antibodies. Antibodies from mice inoculated with these strains recapitulated the specificity and strain dependent response that was seen with the patient’s serum. Finally, we characterize one strain that was poorly recognized by the patient’s antibodies, due to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen, and identify a mutation associated with this phenotype. We propose that B. petrii is remarkably adaptable in vivo, providing a possible connection between immune response and bacterial evasion and supporting infection persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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110. Adaptability and Persistence of the Emerging Pathogen Bordetella petrii.
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Zelazny, Adrian M., Ding, Li, Goldberg, Joanna B., Mijares, Lilia A., Conlan, Sean, Conville, Patricia S., Stock, Frida, Ballentine, Samuel J., Olivier, Kenneth N., Sampaio, Elizabeth P., Murray, Patrick R., and Holland, Steven M.
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BORDETELLA ,GENE rearrangement ,CYSTIC fibrosis ,LUNG diseases ,BRONCHIECTASIS ,MYCOBACTERIAL diseases ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,MEDICAL microbiology - Abstract
The first described, environmentally isolated, Bordetella petrii was shown to undergo massive genomic rearrangements in vitro. More recently, B. petrii was isolated from clinical samples associated with jaw, ear bone, cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary disease. However, the in vivo consequences of B. petrii genome plasticity and its pathogenicity remain obscure. B. petrii was identified from four sequential respiratory samples and a post-mortem spleen sample of a woman presenting with bronchiectasis and cavitary lung disease associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Strains were compared genetically, phenotypically and by antibody recognition from the patient and from inoculated mice. The successive B. petrii strains exhibited differences in growth, antibiotic susceptibility and recognition by the patient’s antibodies. Antibodies from mice inoculated with these strains recapitulated the specificity and strain dependent response that was seen with the patient’s serum. Finally, we characterize one strain that was poorly recognized by the patient’s antibodies, due to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen, and identify a mutation associated with this phenotype. We propose that B. petrii is remarkably adaptable in vivo, providing a possible connection between immune response and bacterial evasion and supporting infection persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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111. Tracking a Hospital Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with Whole-Genome Sequencing.
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Snitkin, Evan S., Zelazny, Adrian M., Thomas, Pamela J., Stock, Frida, Henderson, David K., Palmore, Tara N., and Segre, Julia A.
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- 2012
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112. Genome-wide recombination drives diversification of epidemic strains of Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Snitkin, Evan S., Zelazny, Adrian M., Montero, Clemente I., Stock, Frida, Mijares, Lilia, Murray, Patrick R., and Segre, Julie A.
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ACINETOBACTER infections , *MULTIDRUG resistance , *DRUG resistance , *HOSPITAL patients , *MEDICAL microbiology , *NOSOCOMIAL infections - Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging human pathogen and a significant cause of nosocomial infections among hospital patients worldwide. The enormous increase in multidrug resistance among hospital isolates and the recent emergence of pandrug-resistant strains underscores the urgency to understand how A. baumannii evolves in hospital environments. To this end, we undertook a genomic study of a polyclonal outbreak of multid rugresistant A. baumannii at the research-based National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Comparing the complete genome sequences of the three dominant outbreak strain types enabled us to conclude that, despite all belonging to the same epidemic lineage, the three strains diverged before their arrival at the National Institutes of Health. The simultaneous presence of three divergent strains from this lineage supports its increasing prevalence in international hospitals and suggests an ongoing adaptation to the hospital environment. Further genomic comparisons uncovered that much of the diversification that occurred since the divergence of the three outbreak strains was mediated by homologous recombination across 20% of their genomes. Inspection of recombinant regions revealed that several regions were associated with either the loss or swapping out of genes encoding proteins that are exposed to the cell surface or that synthesize cell-surface molecules. Extending our analysis to a larger set of international clinical isolates revealed a previously unappreciated ability of A. baumannii to vary surface molecules through horizontal gene transfer, with subsequent intraspecies dissemination by homologous recombination. These findings have immediate implications in surveillance, prevention, and treatment of A. baumannii infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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113. A Novel Bacterium Associated with Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
- Author
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Greenberg, David E., Li Ding, Zelazny, Adrian M., Stock, Frida, Wong, Alexandra, Anderson, Victoria L., Miller, Georgina, Kleiner, David E., Tenorio, Allan R., Brinster, Lauren, Dorward, David W., Murray, Patrick R., Holland, Steven M., and Cossart, Pascale
- Subjects
CHRONIC granulomatous disease ,PATHOLOGY ,CHRONIC diseases in children ,MEDICAL sciences ,LEUCOCYTE disorders - Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disease of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase system causing defective production of toxic oxygen metabolites, impaired bacterial and fungal killing, and recurrent life-threatening infections. We identified a novel gram-negative rod in excised lymph nodes from a patient with CGD. Gram-negative rods grew on charcoal-yeast extract, but conventional tests could not identify it. The best 50 matches of the 16S rRNA (using BLAST) were all members of the family Acetobacteraceae, with the closest match being Gluconobacter sacchari. Patient serum showed specific band recognition in whole lysate immunoblot. We used mouse models of CGD to determine whether this organism was a genuine CGD pathogen. Intraperitoneal injection of gp91
phox −/− (X-linked) and p47phox −/− (autosomal recessive) mice with this bacterium led to larger burdens of organism recovered from knockout compared with wild-type mice. Knockout mouse lymph nodes had histopathology that was similar to that seen in our patient. We recovered organisms with 16S rRNA sequence identical to the patient's original isolate from the infected mice. We identified a novel gram-negative rod from a patient with CGD. To confirm its pathogenicity, we demonstrated specific immune reaction by high titer antibody, showed that it was able to cause similar disease when introduced into CGD, but not wild-type mice, and we recovered the same organism from pathologic lesions in these mice. Therefore, we have fulfilled Koch's postulates for a new pathogen. This is the first reported case of invasive human disease caused by any of the Acetobacteraceae. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis shows this organism to be a new genus and species for which we propose the name Granulobacter bethesdensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
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114. Paravertebral Mushroom: Identification of a Novel Species of Phellinusas a Human Pathogen in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
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De Ravin, Suk See, Parta, Mark, Sutton, Deanna A., Wickes, Brian L., Thompson, Elizabeth H., Wiederhold, Nathan P., Nakasone, Karen K., Alimchandani, Meghna, OConnell, Amy, Notarangelo, Luigi, Kang, Elizabeth, Malech, Harry L., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTWe describe a case of paravertebral abscess caused by a Phellinussp. in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. Sequence-based identification of this mold, a new agent of disease, suggests a close relation to Phellinus umbrinellus.
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- 2014
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115. New Rapid Scheme for Distinguishing the Subspecies of the Mycobacterium abscessusGroup and Identifying Mycobacterium massilienseIsolates with Inducible Clarithromycin Resistance
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Shallom, Shamira J., Gardina, Paul J., Myers, Timothy G., Sebastian, Yinong, Conville, Patricia, Calhoun, Leslie B., Tettelin, Hervé, Olivier, Kenneth N., Uzel, Gulbu, Sampaio, Elizabeth P., Holland, Steven M., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTMycobacterium abscessus(M. abscessussensu lato, or the M. abscessusgroup) comprises three closely related taxa whose taxonomic statuses are under revision, i.e., M. abscessussensu stricto, Mycobacterium bolletii, and Mycobacterium massiliense. We describe here a simple, robust, and cost-effective PCR-based method for distinguishing among M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. bolletii. Based on the M. abscessusATCC 19977Tgenome, regions that discriminated between M. abscessusand M. massiliensewere identified through array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A typing scheme using PCR primers designed for four of these locations was applied to 46 well-characterized clinical isolates comprising 29 M. abscessus, 15 M. massiliense, and 2 M. bolletiiisolates previously identified by multitarget sequencing. Interestingly, 2 isolates unequivocally identified as M. massiliensewere shown to have a full-length erm(41) gene instead of the expected gene deletion and showed inducible clarithromycin resistance after 14 days. We propose using this PCR-based typing scheme combined with erm(41) PCR for straightforward identification of M. abscessus, M. massiliense, and M. bolletiiand the assessment of inducible clarithromycin resistance. This method can be easily integrated into a routine workflow to provide subspecies-level identification within 24 h after isolation of the M. abscessusgroup.
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- 2013
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116. Aspergillus tannerisp. nov., a New Pathogen That Causes Invasive Disease Refractory to Antifungal Therapy
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Sugui, Janyce A., Peterson, Stephen W., Clark, Lily P., Nardone, Glenn, Folio, Les, Riedlinger, Gregory, Zerbe, Christa S., Shea, Yvonne, Henderson, Christina M., Zelazny, Adrian M., Holland, Steven M., and Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe most common cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is Aspergillus fumigatusfollowed by A. nidulans; other aspergilli rarely cause the disease. Here we review two clinical cases of fatal IA in CGD patients and describe a new etiologic agent of IA refractory to antifungal therapy. Unlike typical IA caused by A. fumigatus, the disease caused by the new species was chronic and spread from the lung to multiple adjacent organs. Mycological characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship with other aspergilli based on the sequence analysis of Mcm7, RPB2, and Tsr1indicated that the new species, which we named as A. tanneri, belongs to Aspergillussection Circumdati. The species has a higher amphotericin B, voriconazole, and itraconazole MIC and causes more chronic infection in CGD mice than A. fumigatus. This is the first report documenting IA in CGD patients caused by a species belonging to the Aspergillussection Circumdatithat is inherently resistant to azoles and amphotericin B. Unlike the results seen with many members of Aspergillussection Circumdati, ochratoxin was not detected in filtrates of cultures grown in various media. Our phenotypic and genetic characterization of the new species and the case reports will assist future diagnosis of infection caused by A. tanneriand lead to more appropriate patient management.
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- 2012
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117. Hematogenously Disseminated Skin Disease Caused by Mucor velutinosusin a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Sugui, Janyce A., Christensen, Jesica A., Bennett, John E., Zelazny, Adrian M., and Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTWe report here a case of disseminated skin infection caused by Mucor velutinosus, a recently described new species. We believe this to be the first published report of a clinical case of mucormycosis due to M. velutinosus, as well as a rare case of dissemination from a deep site to skin.
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- 2011
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118. Virulence and Cellular Interactions of Burkholderia multivoransin Chronic Granulomatous Disease
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Zelazny, Adrian M., Ding, Li, Elloumi, Houda Z., Brinster, Lauren R., Benedetti, Fran, Czapiga, Meggan, Ulrich, Ricky L., Ballentine, Samuel J., Goldberg, Joanna B., Sampaio, Elizabeth P., and Holland, Steven M.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients are susceptible to life-threatening infections by the Burkholderia cepaciacomplex. We used leukocytes from CGD and healthy donors and compared cell association, invasion, and cytokine induction by Burkholderia multivoransstrains. A CGD isolate, CGD1, showed higher cell association than that of an environmental isolate, Env1, which correlated with cell entry. All B. multivoransstrains associated significantly more with cells from CGD patients than with those from healthy donors. Similar findings were observed with another CGD pathogen, Serratia marcescens, but not with Escherichia coli. In a mouse model of CGD, strain CGD1 was virulent while Env1 was avirulent. B. multivoransorganisms were found in the spleens of CGD1-infected mice at levels that were 1,000 times higher than those found in Env1-infected mice, which was coincident with higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. Taken together, these results may shed light on the unique susceptibility of CGD patients to specific pathogens.
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- 2009
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119. Diagnostic Challenges in the Identification of Rothia aeriaBacteremia in a Patient With Relapsing Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Author
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Swierzbinski, Matthew J., Pandya, Shivangi, Zelazny, Adrian M., Keiser, John, and Siegel, Marc O.
- Abstract
Rothia aeriais a dental colonizer known to cause disease in immunocompromised patients, especially those with oral-dental pathology. We describe a case of Rothia aeriabacteremia in a patient receiving chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia that was misidentified as R. dentocariosaand R. mucilaginosaand describe the diagnostic challenges of identifying this organism at a species level using both standard methods and newer diagnostic techniques.
- Published
- 2015
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120. Analysis of secA1Gene Sequences for Identification of NocardiaSpecies
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Conville, Patricia S., Zelazny, Adrian M., and Witebsky, Frank G.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTMolecular methodologies, especially 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, have allowed the recognition of many new species of Nocardiaand to date have been the most precise methods for identifying isolates reliably to the species level. We describe here a novel method for identifying Nocardiaisolates by using sequence analysis of a portion of the secA1gene. A region of the secA1gene of 30 type or reference strains of Nocardiaspecies was amplified using secA1-specific primers. Sequence analysis of 468 bp allowed clear differentiation of all species, with a range of interspecies similarity of 85.0% to 98.7%. Corresponding 16S rRNA gene sequences of a 1,285-bp region for the same isolates showed a range of interspecies similarity of 94.4 to 99.8%. In addition to the type and reference strains, a 468-bp fragment of the secA1gene was sequenced from 40 clinical isolates of 12 Nocardiaspecies previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The secA1gene sequences of most isolates showed >99.0% similarity to the secA1sequences of the type or reference strain to which their identification corresponded, with a range of 95.3 to 100%. Comparison of the deduced 156 amino acid sequences of the SecA1 proteins of the clinical isolates showed between zero and two amino acid residue differences compared to that of the corresponding type or reference strain. Sequencing of the secA1gene, and using deduced amino acid sequences of the SecA1 protein, may provide a more discriminative and precise method for the identification of Nocardiaisolates than 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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- 2006
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121. Identification of MycobacteriumSpecies by secA1Sequences
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Zelazny, Adrian M., Calhoun, Leslie B., Li, Li, Shea, Yvonne R., and Fischer, Steven H.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTWe describe a novel molecular method for the differentiation and identification of 29 mycobacterial species. The target is the secA1gene that codes for the essential protein SecA1, a key component of the major pathway of protein secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane. A 700-bp region of the secA1gene was amplified and sequenced from 47 American Type Culture Collection strains of 29 Mycobacteriumspecies as well as from 59 clinical isolates. Sequence variability in the amplified segment of the secA1gene allowed the differentiation of all species except for the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) complex, which had identical sequences. A range of 83.3 to 100% interspecies similarity was observed. All species could also be differentiated by their amino acid sequences as deduced from the sequenced region of the secA1gene, with the exception of the MTB complex. Partial sequences of secA1from clinical isolates belonging to nine frequently isolated species of mycobacteria revealed a very high intraspecies similarity at the DNA level (typically >99%; range, 96.0 to 100%); all clinical isolates were correctly identified. Comparison of the deduced 233-amino-acid sequences among clinical isolates of the same species showed between 99.6 and 100% similarity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a secretion-related gene has been used for the identification of the species within a bacterial genus.
- Published
- 2005
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122. Invasive nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infection in an adult with laryngeal cancer
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Turner, Todd D., Zelazny, Adrian M., and Kan, Virginia L.
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HAEMOPHILUS influenzae , *LARYNGEAL cancer , *BACTEREMIA , *JOINT diseases - Abstract
Abstract: We describe the first case of a man diagnosed with laryngeal cancer presenting with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia and dissemination to a gouty joint and review the pertinent literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2006
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123. Pooled Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Testing
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Barat, Bidisha, Das, Sanchita, De Giorgi, Valeria, Henderson, David K., Kopka, Stacy, Lau, Anna F., Miller, Tracey, Moriarty, Theresa, Palmore, Tara N., Sawney, Shari, Spalding, Chris, Tanjutco, Patricia, Wortmann, Glenn, Zelazny, Adrian M., and Frank, Karen M.
- Abstract
We evaluated saliva (SAL) specimens for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) testing by comparison of 459 prospectively paired nasopharyngeal (NP) or midturbinate (MT) swabs from 449 individuals with the aim of using saliva for asymptomatic screening. Samples were collected in a drive-through car line for symptomatic individuals (n?=?380) and in the emergency department (ED) (n?=?69).
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- 2020
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124. LINEZOLID-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSIN TWO PEDIATRIC PATIENTS RECEIVING LOW-DOSE LINEZOLID THERAPY
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Roberts, Susanne M., Freeman, Alexandra F., Harrington, Susan M., Holland, Steven M., Murray, Patrick R., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
We report 2 sisters with hyper-IgE syndrome treated with daily suppressive dosages of linezolid (LZD) who developed LZD-resistant Staphylococcus aureuscarrying the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. Molecular typing suggested transmission of the resistant strain from one sister to the other. LZD-susceptible S. aureuswas isolated 2 months after LZD discontinuation. LZD-resistant S. aureusremains rare but may occur while receiving suppressive therapy.
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- 2006
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125. Performance of RGM Medium for Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Respiratory Specimens from Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients
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Rotcheewaphan, Suwatchareeporn, Odusanya, Oluwadamilola E., Henderson, Christina M., Stephenson, Dominic, Olivier, Kenneth N., Perry, John D., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
A new selective medium for rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM medium) was evaluated on respiratory specimens from non-cystic fibrosis patients and compared to the mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) system and Middlebrook 7H11 agar for the isolation of all nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). A total of 203 mucolyzed respiratory specimens collected from 163 patients were inoculated on RGM medium and incubated at both 30°C (RGM30) and 35°C (RGM35) over a 28-day period.
- Published
- 2018
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126. The Complexities of NocardiaTaxonomy and Identification
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Conville, Patricia S., Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., Smith, Terry, and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTNocardiaspecies are a complex group of organisms considered to belong to the aerobic actinomycetes. Of the validly described species, many have been implicated as the cause of serious human infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The genus has a complicated taxonomic history; this is especially true for Nocardia asteroides, the type species of the genus and previously the most frequently reported nocardial taxon from human specimens. We provide background on the current taxonomy of Nocardia, with a focus on clinically relevant species, and discuss the currently available methods used to accurately identify isolates to the species, complex, or group level.
- Published
- 2017
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127. Genomic insights into the fate of colistin resistance and Acinetobacter baumannii during patient treatment.
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Snitkin, Evan S., Zelazny, Adrian M., Gupta, Jyoti, Palmore, Tara N., Murray, Patrick R., and Segre, Julia A.
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COLISTIN , *ACINETOBACTER baumannii , *GENOMICS , *DRUG resistance in bacteria , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of human pathogens has provided unprecedented insights into the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Most studies have focused on identification of resistance mutations, leaving one to speculate on the fate of these mutants once the antibiotic selective pressure is removed. We performed WGS on longitudinal isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients undergoing colistin treatment, and upon subsequent drug withdrawal. In each of the four patients, colistin resistance evolved via mutations at the pmr locus. Upon colistin withdrawal, an ancestral susceptible strain outcompeted resistant isolates in three of the four cases. In the final case, resistance was also lost, but by a compensatory inactivating mutation in the transcriptional regulator of the pmr locus. Notably, this inactivating mutation reduced the probability of reacquiring colistin resistance when subsequently challenged in vitro. On face value, these results supported an in vivo fitness cost preventing the evolution of stable colistin resistance. However, more careful analysis of WGS data identified genomic evidence for stable colistin resistance undetected by clinical microbiological assays. Transcriptional studies validated this genomic hypothesis, showing increased pmr expression of the initial isolate. Moreover, altering the environmental growth conditions of the clinical assay recapitulated the classification as colistin resistant. Additional targeted sequencing revealed that this isolate evolved undetected in a patient undergoing colistin treatment, and was then transmitted to other hospitalized patients, further demonstrating its stability in the absence of colistin. This study provides a unique window into mutational pathways taken in response to antibiotic pressure in vivo, and demonstrates the potential for genome sequence data to predict resistance phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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128. Geosmithia argillacea: An Emerging Cause of Invasive Mycosis in Human Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
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De Ravin, Suk See, Challipalli, Malliswari, Anderson, Victoria, Shea, Yvonne R., Marciano, Beatriz, Hilligoss, Dianne, Marquesen, Martha, DeCastro, Rosamma, Liu, Yen-chun, Sutton, Deanna A., Wickes, Brian L., Kammeyer, Patricia L., Sigler, Lynne, Sullivan, Kathleen, Kang, Elizabeth M., Malech, Harry L., Holland, Steven M., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Subjects
CHRONIC granulomatous disease ,MYCOSES ,NADPH oxidase ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,NAD+ synthase ,SUPEROXIDES ,RADICALS (Chemistry) - Abstract
We report the first cases of invasive mycosis by G. argillacea in chronic granulomatous disease, CGD (an inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase), patients. G. argillacea is a previously underappreciated and frequently misidentified pathogen in CGD that should be excluded when P. variotii is identified morphologically.Background. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that leads to defective production of microbicidal superoxide and other oxidative radicals, resulting in increased susceptibility to invasive infections, especially those due to fungi.Methods. Geosmithia argillacea was identified from cultured isolates by genomic sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Isolates previously identified as Paecilomyces variotii, a filamentous fungus closely resembling G. argillacea, were also examined.Results. We identified G. argillacea as the cause of invasive mycosis in 7 CGD patients. In 5 cases, the fungus had been previously identified morphologically as P. variotii. All patients had pulmonary lesions; 1 had disseminated lesions following inhalational pneumonia. Infections involved the chest wall and contiguous ribs in 2 patients and disseminated to the brain in 1 patient. Four patients with pneumonia underwent surgical intervention. All patients responded poorly to medical treatment, and 3 died.Conclusions. We report the first cases of invasive mycosis caused by G. argillacea in CGD patients. G. argillacea infections in CGD are often refractory and severe with a high fatality rate. Surgical intervention has been effective in some cases. G. argillacea is a previously underappreciated and frequently misidentified pathogen in CGD that should be excluded when P. variotii is identified morphologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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129. Tracking a Hospital Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniaewith Whole-Genome Sequencing
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Snitkin, Evan S., Zelazny, Adrian M., Thomas, Pamela J., Stock, Frida, Henderson, David K., Palmore, Tara N., and Segre, Julia A.
- Abstract
Tracking a hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniaewith whole-genome sequencing revealed its origin and probable modes of transmission.
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- 2012
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130. Evolution of <italic>Mycobacterium abscessus</italic> in the human lung: Cumulative mutations and genomic rearrangement of porin genes in patient isolates.
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Shallom, Shamira J., Tettelin, Hervé, Chandrasekaran, Prabha, Park, In Kwon, Agrawal, Sonia, Arora, Kriti, Sadzewicz, Lisa, Milestone, Aaron M., Aitken, Moira L., Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., Wallace, Richard J. Jr, Sampaio, Elizabeth P., Niederweis, Michael, Olivier, Kenneth N., Holland, Steven M., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Abstract
Background Results Conclusions Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense (M. massiliense) is increasingly recognized as an emerging bacterial pathogen, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and CF centers’ respiratory outbreaks. We characterized genomic and phenotypic changes in 15 serial isolates from two CF patients (1S and 2B) with chronic pulmonary M. massiliense infection leading to death, as well as four isolates from a CF center outbreak in which patient 2B was the index case.Comparative genomic analysis revealed the mutations affecting growth rate, metabolism, transport, lipids (loss of glycopeptidolipids), antibiotic susceptibility (macrolides and aminoglycosides resistance), and virulence factors. Mutations in 23S rRNA, mmpL4, porin locus and tetR occurred in isolates from both CF patients.Interestingly, we identified two different spontaneous mutation events at the mycobacterial porin locus: a fusion of two tandem porin paralogs in patient 1S and a partial deletion of the first porin paralog in patient 2B. These genomic changes correlated with reduced porin protein expression, diminished 14C-glucose uptake, slower bacterial growth rates, and enhanced TNF-α induction in mycobacteria-infected THP-1 human cells. Porin gene complementation of porin mutants partly restored 14C-glucose uptake, growth rate and TNF-α levels to those of intact porin strains.We hypothesize that specific mutations accumulated and maintained over time in M. massiliense, including mutations shared among transmissible strains, collectively lead to more virulent, host adapted lineages in CF patients and other susceptible hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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131. Detection of SARS-CoV2 variants by Mesa Accula.
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Totten, Arthur H., Youn, Jung-Ho, Roder, Allison, Ghedin, Elodie, Palmore, Tara N., Frank, Karen M., Das, Sanchita, and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *COVID-19 , *DIAGNOSIS methods , *POINT-of-care testing - Abstract
• Mesa Accula is not impacted by 28881 GGG > AAC mutations, despite FDA warning alert. • Mesa Accula can detect new viral variants B.1.1.7, R.1, P. 2, B.1.526 and B. 1. 351. • Continuous evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 variants' impact on diagnostic tests is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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132. Dacron swab and PBS are acceptable alternatives to flocked swab and viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2.
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Kline, Ahnika, Putnam, Nicole E., Youn, Jung-Ho, East, Amanda, Das, Sanchita, Frank, Karen M., and Zelazny, Adrian M.
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Nasopharyngeal flocked swabs placed in viral transport media (VTM) are the preferred collection methodology for respiratory virus testing. Due to the rapid depletion of available reagents and swabs, we have validated an alternative swab placed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for use in respiratory virus testing in a SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and a multiplexed respiratory virus panel. We collected nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs from 10 healthy volunteers. Flocked swabs were placed in VTM and alternative swabs in PBS. In this feasibility study, we show that NP collection is better for detection of human material than OP collection, as measured by significantly lower RNase P gene cycle threshold values, and that a Dacron polyester swab in PBS shows equivalent detection of SARS-CoV-2 and RSV to a flocked swab in VTM in contrived specimens. Diluted SARS-CoV-2–positive patient specimens are detectable for up to 72 h at 4 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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133. Evolution toward extremely high imipenem resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus outbreak strains.
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Le Run E, Tettelin H, Holland SM, and Zelazny AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Disease Outbreaks, Azabicyclo Compounds pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Cystic Fibrosis microbiology, beta-Lactamase Inhibitors pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Imipenem pharmacology, Mycobacterium abscessus drug effects, Mycobacterium abscessus genetics, Mycobacterium abscessus isolation & purification, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, beta-Lactamases genetics, beta-Lactamases metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology
- Abstract
Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease requires multiple antibiotics including intravenous β-lactams (e.g., imipenem). M. abscessus produces a β-lactamase (Bla
Mab ) that inactivates β-lactam drugs but less efficiently carbapenems. Due to intrinsic and acquired resistance in M. abscessus and poor clinical outcomes, it is critical to understand the development of antibiotic resistance both within the host and in the setting of outbreaks. We compared serial longitudinally collected M. abscessus subsp. massiliense isolates from the index case of a cystic fibrosis center outbreak and four outbreak-related strains. We found strikingly high imipenem resistance in the later patient isolates, including the outbreak strain (MIC > 512 µg/mL). The phenomenon was recapitulated upon exposure of intracellular bacteria to imipenem. Addition of the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam abrogated the resistant phenotype. Imipenem resistance was caused by an increase in β-lactamase activity and increased blaMab mRNA level. Concurrent increase in transcription of the preceding ppiA gene indicated upregulation of the entire operon in the resistant strains. Deletion of the porin mspA coincided with the first increase in MIC (from 8 to 32 µg/mL). A frameshift mutation in msp2 responsible for the rough colony morphology and a SNP in ATP-dependent helicase hrpA cooccurred with the second increase in MIC (from 32 to 256 µg/mL). Increased BlaMab expression and enzymatic activity may have been due to altered regulation of the ppiA-blaMab operon by the mutated HrpA alone or in combination with other genes described above. This work supports using carbapenem/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations for treating M. abscessus , particularly imipenem-resistant strains., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.- Published
- 2024
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134. A multidisciplinary approach to mucormycosis.
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Abers MS, Vo P, Allgäuer M, Manion M, Butman JA, Bishop RJ, Zelazny AM, Childs RW, and Lionakis MS
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- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Female, Mucormycosis drug therapy, Mucormycosis diagnosis, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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- 2024
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135. Whole-genome sequence of Mucor velutinosus NIH1002, a strain associated with disseminated disease.
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Conlan S, Subramanian P, Plata Barril B, Youn J-H, Thomas PJ, Koren S, Dotson GA, Park M, Rhie A, Segre JA, Dekker JP, and Zelazny AM
- Abstract
The draft genome of Mucor velutinosus NIH1002, a 2011 isolate from a case of disseminated disease, was sequenced using PacBio long-read and HiSeq short-read technologies. The genome has 43 contigs, an N50 of 2.65 Mb, and 13,295 protein-coding genes. It is the most complete M. velutinosus genome to date., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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136. Serum Cell-Free DNA-based Detection of Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection.
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Li L, Henkle E, Youngquist BM, Seo S, Hamed K, Melnick D, Lyon CJ, Jiang L, Zelazny AM, Hu TY, Winthrop KL, and Ning B
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, DNA, Bacterial blood, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats genetics, Cohort Studies, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection blood, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection drug therapy, Cell-Free Nucleic Acids blood, Mycobacterium avium Complex genetics, Mycobacterium avium Complex isolation & purification
- Abstract
Rationale: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD), which exhibits increasing global incidence. Current microbiologic methods routinely used in clinical practice lack sensitivity and have long latencies, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation and evaluation. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based assay that measures MAC cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in serum could provide a rapid means to detect MAC infection and monitor response to antimicrobial treatment. Objectives: To develop and optimize a CRISPR MAC assay for MAC infection detection and to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic performance in two MAC disease cohorts. Methods: MAC cfDNA serum concentrations were measured in individuals with diagnoses of MAC disease or who had bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnoses without histories of NTM PD or NTM-positive sputum cultures. Diagnostic performance was analyzed using pretreatment serum from two cohorts. Serum MAC cfDNA changes during MAC PD treatment were evaluated in a subset of patients with MAC PD who received macrolide-based multidrug regimens. Measurements and Main Results: The CRISPR MAC assay detected MAC cfDNA in MAC PD with 97.6% (91.6-99.7%) sensitivity and 97.6% (91.5-99.7%) specificity overall. Serum MAC cfDNA concentrations markedly decreased after MAC-directed treatment initiation in patients with MAC PD who demonstrated MAC culture conversion. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the utility of a serum-based CRISPR MAC assay to rapidly detect MAC infection and monitor the response to treatment.
- Published
- 2024
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137. Evolution towards extremely high β-lactam resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus outbreak strains.
- Author
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le Run E, Tettelin H, Holland SM, and Zelazny AM
- Abstract
Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease requires multiple antibiotics including intravenous β-lactams (e.g., imipenem, meropenem). M. abscessus produces a β-lactamase (Bla
Mab ) that inactivates β-lactam drugs but less efficiently carbapenems. Due to intrinsic and acquired resistance in M. abscessus and poor clinical outcomes, it is critical to understand the development of antibiotic resistance both within the host and in the setting of outbreaks. We compared serial longitudinally collected M. abscessus subsp. massiliense isolates from the index case of a CF center outbreak and four outbreak-related strains. We found strikingly high imipenem resistance in the later patient isolates, including the outbreak strain (MIC >512 μg/ml). The phenomenon was recapitulated upon exposure of intracellular bacteria to imipenem. Addition of the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam abrogated the resistant phenotype. Imipenem resistance was caused by an increase in β-lactamase activity and increased blaMab mRNA level. Concurrent increase in transcription of preceding ppiA gene indicated upregulation of the entire operon in the resistant strains. Deletion of the porin mspA coincided with the first increase in MIC (from 8 to 32 μg/ml). A frameshift mutation in msp2 responsible for the rough colony morphology, and a SNP in ATP-dependent helicase hrpA co-occurred with the second increase in MIC (from 32 to 256 μg/ml). Increased BlaMab expression and enzymatic activity may have been due to altered regulation of the ppiA-blaMab operon by the mutated HrpA alone, or in combination with other genes described above. This work supports using carbapenem/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations for treating M. abscessus , particularly imipenem resistant strains.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. This is giving me a complex: a practical attempt to streamline nontuberculous mycobacteria nomenclature for clinical purposes.
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Wengenack NL, Brown-Elliott BA, Parrish NM, Salfinger M, Turenne CY, Wallace RJ Jr, and Zelazny AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Cystic Fibrosis microbiology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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139. The risk of pulmonary NTM infections and water-quality constituents among persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States, 2010-2019.
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Lipner EM, French JP, Mercaldo RA, Nelson S, Zelazny AM, Marshall JE, Strong M, Falkinham JO 3rd, and Prevots DR
- Abstract
Rationale: The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease varies geographically in the United States. Previous studies indicate that the presence of certain water-quality constituents in source water increases NTM infection risk., Objective: To identify water-quality constituents that influence the risk of NTM pulmonary infection in persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States., Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study using NTM incidence data collected from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry during 2010-2019. We linked patient zip code to the county and associated patient county of residence with surface water data extracted from the Water Quality Portal. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of NTM infection as a function of water-quality constituents. We modeled two outcomes: pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus species., Results: We identified 484 MAC cases, 222 M. abscessus cases and 2816 NTM-negative cystic fibrosis controls resident in 11 states. In multivariable models, we found that for every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of sulfate and vanadium in surface water at the county level, the odds of infection increased by 39% and 21%, respectively, among persons with cystic fibrosis with MAC compared with cystic fibrosis-NTM-negative controls. When modeling M. abscessus as the dependent variable, every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of molybdenum increased the odds of infection by 36%., Conclusions: These findings suggest that naturally occurring and anthropogenic water-quality constituents may influence the NTM abundance in water sources that supply municipal water systems, thereby increasing MAC and M. abscessus infection risk., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with regard to the content of this report. E.M.L., R.A.M., J.M., A.M.Z., and D.R.P. were supported by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID. J.F. was supported by NSF award [1915277]. M.S. was supported by NSF award [1743597]. Authors receive funding to support open access publishing. This study was classified as nonhuman subjects research by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Human Subjects Research Protection because data were de-identified and investigators could not link back to identifiable data. The water-quality dataset and the R code for the analysis are available from the first author. The patient dataset cannot be made publicly available due to unique identifiers in the data.
- Published
- 2023
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140. Human Dectin-1 deficiency impairs macrophage-mediated defense against phaeohyphomycosis.
- Author
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Drummond RA, Desai JV, Hsu AP, Oikonomou V, Vinh DC, Acklin JA, Abers MS, Walkiewicz MA, Anzick SL, Swamydas M, Vautier S, Natarajan M, Oler AJ, Yamanaka D, Mayer-Barber KD, Iwakura Y, Bianchi D, Driscoll B, Hauck K, Kline A, Viall NS, Zerbe CS, Ferré EM, Schmitt MM, DiMaggio T, Pittaluga S, Butman JA, Zelazny AM, Shea YR, Arias CA, Ashbaugh C, Mahmood M, Temesgen Z, Theofiles AG, Nigo M, Moudgal V, Bloch KC, Kelly SG, Whitworth MS, Rao G, Whitener CJ, Mafi N, Gea-Banacloche J, Kenyon LC, Miller WR, Boggian K, Gilbert A, Sincock M, Freeman AF, Bennett JE, Hasbun R, Mikelis CM, Kwon-Chung KJ, Belkaid Y, Brown GD, Lim JK, Kuhns DB, Holland SM, and Lionakis MS
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Male, Mice, CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins genetics, Lectins, C-Type genetics, Macrophages metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, beta-Glucans, Phaeohyphomycosis microbiology
- Abstract
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis typically affects immunocompetent individuals following traumatic inoculation. Severe or disseminated infection can occur in CARD9 deficiency or after transplantation, but the mechanisms protecting against phaeohyphomycosis remain unclear. We evaluated a patient with progressive, refractory Corynespora cassiicola phaeohyphomycosis and found that he carried biallelic deleterious mutations in CLEC7A encoding the CARD9-coupled, β-glucan-binding receptor, Dectin-1. The patient's PBMCs failed to produce TNF-α and IL-1β in response to β-glucan and/or C. cassiicola. To confirm the cellular and molecular requirements for immunity against C. cassiicola, we developed a mouse model of this infection. Mouse macrophages required Dectin-1 and CARD9 for IL-1β and TNF-α production, which enhanced fungal killing in an interdependent manner. Deficiency of either Dectin-1 or CARD9 was associated with more severe fungal disease, recapitulating the human observation. Because these data implicated impaired Dectin-1 responses in susceptibility to phaeohyphomycosis, we evaluated 17 additional unrelated patients with severe forms of the infection. We found that 12 out of 17 carried deleterious CLEC7A mutations associated with an altered Dectin-1 extracellular C-terminal domain and impaired Dectin-1-dependent cytokine production. Thus, we show that Dectin-1 and CARD9 promote protective TNF-α- and IL-1β-mediated macrophage defense against C. cassiicola. More broadly, we demonstrate that human Dectin-1 deficiency may contribute to susceptibility to severe phaeohyphomycosis by certain dematiaceous fungi.
- Published
- 2022
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141. Disulfiram Is Effective against Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium abscessus in a Zebrafish Embryo Infection Model.
- Author
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Winters CG, Basnet RM, Faasuamalie PE, Shallom SJ, Zelazny AM, Gupta S, and Olivier KN
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Zebrafish, Disulfiram pharmacology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Cystic Fibrosis microbiology
- Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pathogen infecting susceptible people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. Here, we demonstrated the activity of an FDA-approved drug, disulfiram, against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant M. abscessus strains utilizing in vitro and intracellular macrophage assays and a zebrafish embryo infection model. These data demonstrate effective antimicrobial activity of disulfiram against M. abscessus infection in vivo and strongly support further study of disulfiram in human NTM infections.
- Published
- 2022
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142. Long-term antibiotic exposure promotes mortality after systemic fungal infection by driving lymphocyte dysfunction and systemic escape of commensal bacteria.
- Author
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Drummond RA, Desai JV, Ricotta EE, Swamydas M, Deming C, Conlan S, Quinones M, Matei-Rascu V, Sherif L, Lecky D, Lee CR, Green NM, Collins N, Zelazny AM, Prevots DR, Bending D, Withers D, Belkaid Y, Segre JA, and Lionakis MS
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria immunology, Candida albicans immunology, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor immunology, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor therapeutic use, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Immunotherapy, Interleukin-17 immunology, Interleukin-17 therapeutic use, Mice, Th17 Cells metabolism, Vancomycin pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Candidiasis, Invasive immunology, Candidiasis, Invasive microbiology, Coinfection immunology, Coinfection microbiology
- Abstract
Antibiotics are a modifiable iatrogenic risk factor for the most common human nosocomial fungal infection, invasive candidiasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We found that antibiotics enhanced the susceptibility to murine invasive candidiasis due to impaired lymphocyte-dependent IL-17A- and GM-CSF-mediated antifungal immunity within the gut. This led to non-inflammatory bacterial escape and systemic bacterial co-infection, which could be ameliorated by IL-17A or GM-CSF immunotherapy. Vancomycin alone similarly enhanced the susceptibility to invasive fungal infection and systemic bacterial co-infection. Mechanistically, vancomycin reduced the frequency of gut Th17 cells associated with impaired proliferation and RORγt expression. Vancomycin's effects on Th17 cells were indirect, manifesting only in vivo in the presence of dysbiosis. In humans, antibiotics were associated with an increased risk of invasive candidiasis and death after invasive candidiasis. Our work highlights the importance of antibiotic stewardship in protecting vulnerable patients from life-threatening infections and provides mechanistic insights into a controllable iatrogenic risk factor for invasive candidiasis., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2022
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143. Detection of Mixed Populations of Clarithromycin-Susceptible and -Resistant Mycobacterium abscessus Strains.
- Author
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Shallom SJ and Zelazny AM
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S genetics, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium abscessus genetics
- Abstract
Clarithromycin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus , massiliense , and bolletii occurs through induction of erm (41) or mutations in rrl (23S rRNA) genes. Phenotypic detection of clarithromycin resistance is hindered by the need for extended incubation as well as co-occurrence of mixed populations of M. abscessus with different susceptibility profiles. We developed a quantitative EvaGreen-based droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) scheme for rapid detection of full-length or truncated erm (41) and a probe based ddPCR screening assay for assessment of 23S rRNA rrl mutational resistance. We tested 100 M. abscessus strains, synthetic mixes with different susceptibility profiles, and 13 positive MGIT samples. Truncated and full-length erm (41) genes were detected in 27/100 and 73/100 strains and 4/13 and 9/13 MGIT samples, respectively yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Clarithromycin resistance mutations in rrl were detected in 26/100 isolates, i.e., A2058G (18/100), A2058C (7/100), and A2059G (1/100), and in 3/13 MGIT samples, i.e., A2058G (2/13) and A2059G (1/13). A screening assay of rrl ddPCR (A2058A/A2058G probes) showed 100% sensitivity in detecting the wild type or A2058G mutation as well as identifying samples requiring further testing. Upon inclusion of additional ddPCR assays, we were able to detect A2058C and A2059G clarithromycin resistance-conferring mutations in the rrl gene. Our ddPCR scheme can differentiate between full-length and truncated erm (41) and identify clarithromycin resistance-conferring mutations in the rrl gene from clinical isolates and positive MGIT samples as well as deconvolute and quantitate mixed populations of M. abscessus with different clarithromycin resistance traits.
- Published
- 2022
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144. Pooled Saliva Specimens for SARS-CoV-2 Testing.
- Author
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Barat B, Das S, De Giorgi V, Henderson DK, Kopka S, Lau AF, Miller T, Moriarty T, Palmore TN, Sawney S, Spalding C, Tanjutco P, Wortmann G, Zelazny AM, and Frank KM
- Abstract
We evaluated saliva (SAL) specimens for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing by comparison of 459 prospectively paired nasopharyngeal (NP) or mid-turbinate (MT) swabs from 449 individuals with the aim of using saliva for asymptomatic screening. Samples were collected in a drive-through car line for symptomatic individuals (N=380) and in the emergency department (ED) (N=69). The percent positive and negative agreement of saliva compared to nasopharyngeal swab were 81.1% (95% CI: 65.8% - 90.5%) and 99.8% (95% CI: 98.7% - 100%), respectively. The sensitivity increased to 90.0% (95% CI: 74.4% - 96.5%) when considering only samples with moderate to high viral load (Cycle threshold (Ct) for the NP <=34). Pools of five saliva specimens were also evaluated on three platforms: bioMérieux NucliSENS easyMAG with ABI 7500Fast (CDC assay), Hologic Panther Fusion, and Roche COBAS 6800. The median loss of signal upon pooling was 2-4 Ct values across the platforms. The sensitivity of detecting a positive specimen in a pool compared with testing individually was 100%, 93%, and 95% for CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR, Panther Fusion® SARS-CoV-2 assay, and cobas® SARS-CoV-2 test respectively, with decreased sample detection trending with lower viral load. We conclude that although pooled saliva testing, as collected in this study, is not quite as sensitive as NP/MT testing, saliva testing is adequate to detect individuals with higher viral loads in an asymptomatic screening program, does not require swabs or viral transport media for collection, and may help to improve voluntary screening compliance for those individuals averse to various forms of nasal collections.
- Published
- 2020
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145. Antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus.
- Author
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da Silva JL, Gupta S, Olivier KN, and Zelazny AM
- Subjects
- Acanthamoeba castellanii microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Mycobacterium abscessus drug effects, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins pharmacology
- Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) comprise rapidly growing, often multidrug-resistant (MDR), nontuberculous mycobacteria responsible for pulmonary and other infections in susceptible hosts. Antimicrobial peptides (APs) are natural and synthetic antimicrobials active against a range of microorganisms including mycobacteria. We evaluated APs activity against MAB reference and clinical strains. We observed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 1.6 to >50 μg/mL. Further work with the most active AP demonstrated protection of Acanthamoeba castellanii (AC) from killing by ingested MAB including MDR MAB strains. Antimicrobial peptides offer an attractive potential option for treatment of drug resistant treatment-refractory MAB., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest., (Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
- Published
- 2020
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146. Rapid one-step protein extraction method for the identification of mycobacteria using MALDI-TOF MS.
- Author
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Rotcheewaphan S, Lemon JK, Desai UU, Henderson CM, and Zelazny AM
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Mycobacterium Infections microbiology, Specimen Handling methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Bacterial Proteins isolation & purification, Mycobacterium chemistry, Mycobacterium classification
- Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a quick and accurate method for mycobacterial identification from protein extracts. Our new one-step extraction method successfully reduced routine multistep extraction procedure time from over 60 min to under 10 min and used only 1 μL loopful of mycobacteria while providing clinically acceptable identification scores (≥1.8). Overall, 86.8% and 4.4% of mycobacteria isolates (n = 68) were identified to the species/complex and genus levels, respectively, by one-step loop extraction method, comparable to the routine extraction method. Viability studies confirmed killing of mycobacterial isolates after 5 min in the extraction solution replacing lengthy heat killing step. Retrospective 7-month data analysis showed 100% of rapidly and slowly growing mycobacterial isolates were identified to the species/complex level by rapid extraction methods. Our rapid extraction methods substantially reduced processing time and microbial biomass required for testing without sacrificing quality and accuracy of mycobacterial identification., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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147. Fatal Meningitis in Patient with X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease Caused by Virulent Granulibacter bethesdensis.
- Author
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Rebelo M, Ding L, Cordeiro AI, Neves C, Simões MJ, Zelazny AM, Holland SM, and Neves JF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Radiography, Thoracic, Virulence, Acetobacteraceae classification, Acetobacteraceae genetics, Acetobacteraceae pathogenicity, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections etiology, Granulomatous Disease, Chronic complications, Meningitis, Bacterial diagnosis, Meningitis, Bacterial etiology
- Abstract
Granulibacter bethesdensis is a pathogen reported to cause recurrent lymphadenitis exclusively in persons with chronic granulomatous disease. We report a case of fatal meningitis caused by a highly virulent G. bethesdensis strain in an adolescent in Europe who had chronic granulomatous disease.
- Published
- 2019
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148. Severe BCG-osis Misdiagnosed as Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in an IL-12Rβ1-Deficient Peruvian Girl.
- Author
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Esteve-Sole A, Sánchez-Dávila SP, Deyà-Martínez A, Freeman AF, Zelazny AM, Dekker JP, Khil PP, Holland SM, Noguera-Julian A, Bustamante J, Casanova JL, Juan M, Cordova W, and Alsina L
- Subjects
- Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Child, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Peru, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant microbiology, BCG Vaccine immunology, Disease Susceptibility, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Receptors, Interleukin-12 deficiency, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant genetics, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant immunology
- Abstract
Purpose: Mendelian suceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency predisposing to severe disease caused by mycobacteria and other intracellular pathogens. Delay in diagnosis can have an impact on the patient's prognosis., Methods: We evaluated the IFN-γ circuit by studying IFN-γ production after mycobacterial challenge as well as IL-12Rβ1 expression and STAT4 phosphorylation in response to IL-12p70 stimulation in whole blood of a 6-year-old Peruvian girl with disseminated recurrent mycobacterial infection diagnosed as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Genetic studies with Sanger sequencing were used to identify the causative mutation. Microbiological studies based on PCR reactions were used to diagnose the specific mycobacterial species., Results: We identified a homozygous mutation in the IL12RB1 gene (p. Arg211*) causing abolished expression of IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12 response. MSMD diagnosis led to a microbiological reevaluation of the patient, revealing a BCG vaccine-related infection instead of tuberculosis. Treatment was then adjusted, with good response., Conclusions: We report the first Peruvian patient with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency. Specific mycobacterial species diagnosis within Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is still challenging in countries with limited access to PCR-based microbiological diagnostic techniques. Awareness of MSMD warning signs and accurate microbiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections are of the utmost importance for optimal diagnosis and management of affected patients.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Rapid one-step extraction method for the identification of molds using MALDI-TOF MS.
- Author
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Luethy PM and Zelazny AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Mycoses microbiology, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Fungi chemistry, Fungi classification, Fungi isolation & purification, Mycological Typing Techniques methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods
- Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized fungal identification. Previously, we developed a MALDI-TOF MS mold extraction procedure and comprehensive database. While MALDI-TOF MS has become routine in a few laboratories, it has not yet become widespread. A major obstacle is the lack of a simple, reproducible and uniform protein extraction procedure. In this study, we developed and validated a rapid one-step protein extraction protocol for filamentous fungi. Excised molds were placed into tubes containing zirconia-silica beads and extraction solution without washing or ethanol inactivation steps. Extraction solutions containing different ratios of acetonitrile and formic acid were evaluated. Samples were then processed using a PowerLyzer high power bead based homogenizer and supernatants spotted for MALDI-TOF MS. The rapid method was evaluated prospectively and in parallel to our current mold extraction protocol for 3 months. Analysis of 106 clinical mold isolates resulted in an improved performance and a decrease in extraction time by 30 minutes to a total of 5 minutes of hands-on time. Acceptable identification scores (≥ 2.00) were achieved for up to 63.0% of mold isolates by the rapid method compared with 52.8% of isolates by the current routine protocol. Score comparisons between duplicate spots showed higher reproducibility of the rapid method as compared to the routine method. The rapid extraction method allows efficient analysis of clinical mold isolates both in scheduled batch runs and on an in-demand basis while providing a simple starting platform for laboratories adopting MALDI-TOF MS for mold identification., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Transcriptional Response of Respiratory Epithelium to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.
- Author
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Matsuyama M, Martins AJ, Shallom S, Kamenyeva O, Kashyap A, Sampaio EP, Kabat J, Olivier KN, Zelazny AM, Tsang JS, and Holland SM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Bacterial Adhesion physiology, Cell Movement physiology, Cells, Cultured, Epithelial Cells microbiology, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Interleukin-17 biosynthesis, Interleukin-17 immunology, Interleukins biosynthesis, Interleukins immunology, Lung immunology, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous genetics, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Respiratory Mucosa cytology, Respiratory Mucosa microbiology, Cholesterol biosynthesis, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous immunology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria immunology, Respiratory Mucosa metabolism
- Abstract
The incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is increasing, but host responses in respiratory epithelium infected with NTM are not fully understood. In this work, we aimed to identify infection-relevant gene expression signatures of NTM infection of the respiratory epithelium. We infected air-liquid interface (ALI) primary respiratory epithelial cell cultures with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAC) or Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB). We used cells from four different donors to obtain generalizable data. Differentiated respiratory epithelial cells at the ALI were infected with MAC or MAB at a multiplicity of infection of 100:1 or 1,000:1, and RNA sequencing was performed at Days 1 and 3 after infection. In response to infection, we found down-regulation of ciliary genes but upregulation of genes associated with cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-32, and cholesterol biosynthesis. Inflammatory response genes tended to be more upregulated by MAB than by MAC infection. Primary respiratory epithelial cell infection with NTM at the ALI identified ciliary function, cholesterol biosynthesis, and cytokine/chemokine production as major host responses to infection. Some of these pathways may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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