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Conventional servo track writing needs external devices to position heads in hard disk drives to write servo pattern. In self-servo track writing (SSTW), the position reference is regenerated from previous written tracks and a servo pattern is propagated to cover the disk in a progressive mode. Error will propagate and compound in this process. In this paper, the radial error propagation is discussed and a containment scheme is established. Furthermore, experimental results of SSTW on a head-disk assembly with blank media and off-the-shelf electronics are analyzed to show the effectiveness of error containment in self-radial propagation. Index Terms--Hard disk drive, seif-servo track writing, servo track writing.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detecting suspected prostate cancer (PCa) and to compare it with that of two cancer-predicting nomograms. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 146 consecutive patients with suspected PCa based on symptoms or elevated total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) levels who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and histopathologic examinations from April 2017 to April 2018 in a large tertiary care hospital in China. The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT results (PCa or benignancy) were evaluated by two experienced nuclear medicine specialists. The risk of positive PCa was evaluated using ERSPC and PCPT nomograms. The diagnostic performances of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and that of the two nomograms were compared via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, decision curve analysis, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 58 patients with tPSA of 0.4–50 ng/ml were included in the final analysis; PCa diagnosis was confirmed in 37 patients and excluded in 21 patients. ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 91.67, 81.82, 89.19, and 85.71%, respectively, in per-patient analyses. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT exhibited a higher AUC (0.867) than those of ERSPC-RC3 (0.855) and PCPT-RC (0.770). The net benefit of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was greatest for patients within threshold probabilities of 15–90%. Among the 58 patients, 11 (19%) biopsies suggested by ERSPC-RC3 were unnecessary and could have been avoided if judged by the 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT results. Multivariate analysis revealed that the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) and prostate volume were significant predictive factors for positive PCa results. Conclusion: In suspected PCa patients with tPSA of 0.4–50 ng/ml, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT outperformed the nomograms in predicting cancer and reducing unnecessary biopsies. In addition, the risk of PCa was positively correlated with a higher SUVmax and lower prostate volume, which could help clinicians in making preliminary estimates of individual cancer risk, monitoring 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT false-positive results and making biopsy decisions in daily medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the modified adaptive feedforward compensation (AFC) scheme to the dual stage servo system for the cancellation of repeatable runout (RRO) and nonrepeatable runout (NRRO). It shows that runout can be effectively compensated or attenuated by assigning runout components to VCM actuator and microactuator properly. Index Terms--Adaptive feedforward, dual-stage, RRO, servo control, zero-phase control.

The oblique interactions between internal solitary waves frequently occur in the ocean owing to their different propagation directions after originated from more than one potential generation sites, which can further be modulated and reshaped by the varying topography and the Earth's rotation. Here a variable-coefficient rotational Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is devoted to investigate the interaction of initial X-shaped waves in presence of the respective one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) slope-shelf topography and rotations at different latitudes. Based on the analytical solutions, the long-time results can be classified as three types depending on the initial amplitudes and oblique angles. Then, numerical results suggest that the sufficiently shallow 1D shoaling topography can render polarity change, which reshapes the waveform of oblique interactions to resemble webs composed of straight wave crest lines. If the rotation were also taken into account, then the nonlinear interactions are inhibited resulting in less waves in the eventual long-time wave packets and more junction points in the webs of waveform. More importantly, the combined effect of rotation and localized small and narrow canyons and plateaus resting on 1D shoaling topography can significantly modulate the waveforms induced by oblique interactions to make them more like rank-ordered wavetrains. • The topography and Earth's rotation jointly render web structures on oblique ISW interactions. • The 2D shoaling topography distorts the wave crestlines leading to interactions with peripheric waves. • The shoaling topography can lead to the generation of dispersive shock waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most common malignancy whose early diagnosis can ensure a better prognosis. However, the predictive accuracy of commonly used predictors, including patients' general condition, histological grade, and pathological stage, is insufficient to identify the patients who need invasive treatment. Autophagy is regarded as a vital factor in maintaining mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in cancer cells. Whether autophagy-related genes (ARGs) can predict the prognosis of BLCA patients deserves to be investigated. Based on BLCA data retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas and ARGs list obtained from the Human Autophagy Database website, we identified prognosis-related differentially expressed ARGs (PDEARGs) through Wilcox text and constructed a PDEARGs-based prognostic model through multivariate Cox regression analysis. The predictive accuracy, independent forecasting capability, and the correlation between present model and clinical variables or tumor microenvironment were evaluated through R software. Enrichment analysis of PDEARGs was performed to explore the underlying mechanism, and a systematic prognostic signature with nomogram was constructed by integrating clinical variables and the aforementioned PDEARGs-based model. We found that the risk score generated by PDEARGs-based model could effectively reflect deteriorated clinical variables and tumor-promoting microenvironment. Additionally, several immune-related gene ontology terms were significantly enriched by PDEARGs, which might provide insights for present model and propose potential therapeutic targets for BLCA patients. Finally, a systematic prognostic signature with promoted clinical utility and predictive accuracy was constructed to assist clinician decision. PDEARGs are valuable prognostic predictors and potential therapeutic targets for BLCA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblasts are critical pro-inflammatory regulators in chronic inflammatory and fibrotic skin diseases. However, fibroblast heterogeneity and the absence of a unified cross-disease taxonomy have hindered our understanding of the shared/distinct pathways in non-communicable skin inflammation. By integrating 10× single-cell data from 75 skin samples, we constructed a single-cell atlas across inflammatory and fibrotic skin diseases and identified 9 distinct subsets of skin fibroblasts. We found a shared subset of CCL19+ fibroblasts across these diseases, potentially attracting and educating immune cells. Moreover, COL6A5+ fibroblasts were a distinct subset implicated in the initiation and relapse of psoriasis, which tended to differentiate into CXCL1+ fibroblasts, inducing neutrophil chemotaxis and infiltration; while CXCL1+ fibroblasts exhibited a more heterogeneous response to certain inflammatory conditions. Differentiation trajectory and regulatory factors of these fibroblast subsets were also revealed. Therefore, our study presents a comprehensive atlas of skin fibroblasts and highlights pathogenic fibroblast subsets in skin disorders. • We developed a single-cell atlas of dermal fibroblasts and identified 9 distinct fibroblast subsets across chronic inflammatory (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lupus) and fibrotic skin disorders. • A shared subset of CCL19+ fibroblasts was found to mediate skin inflammation in all the diseases examined. • COL6A5+ fibroblasts were a distinct subset in psoriasis that had the ability to differentiate into CXCL1+ fibroblasts. • COL6A5+ fibroblasts were implicated in the recurrence of psoriasis based on the non-lesional and relapsing skin data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and life-threatening illness in modern society. The susceptibility to major depressive disorder is profoundly influenced by environmental factors, such as stressful lifestyle or traumatic events, which could impose maladaptive transcriptional program through epigenetic regulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we examined the role of histone crotonylation, a novel type of histone modification, and chromodomain Y-like protein (CDYL), a crotonyl-coenzyme A hydratase and histone methyllysine reader, in this process. Methods We used chronic social defeat stress and microdefeat stress to examine the depressive behaviors. In addition, we combined procedures that diagnose behavioral strategy in male mice with histone extraction, viral-mediated CDYL manipulations, RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and messenger RNA quantification. Results The results indicate that stress-susceptible rodents exhibit lower levels of histone crotonylation in the medial prefrontal cortex concurrent with selective upregulation of CDYL. Overexpression of CDYL in the prelimbic cortex, a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex, increases microdefeat-induced social avoidance behaviors and anhedonia in mice. Conversely, knockdown of CDYL in the prelimbic cortex prevents chronic social defeat stress–induced depression-like behaviors. Mechanistically, we show that CDYL inhibits structural synaptic plasticity mainly by transcriptional repression of neuropeptide VGF nerve growth factor inducible, and this activity is dependent on its dual effect on histone crotonylation and H3K27 trimethylation on the VGF promoter. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CDYL-mediated histone crotonylation plays a critical role in regulating stress-induced depression, providing a potential therapeutic target for major depressive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is the onset event of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) can improve the cardiovascular system, but its mechanism in diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction has received little attention. Male calpain-1-knockout and wild-type C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin and treated with Rg1 (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were incubated with high glucose (HG) and were pretreated with Rg1 (10, 20 μM), MDL-28170 (calpain-1 inhibitor), LY-333531 (PKC-β inhibitor), NAC (ROS inhibitor) and calpain-1 overexpression. Then, factors related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED were measured. The administration of Rg1 and calpain-1 knockout ameliorated diabetic mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED and inhibited the calpain-1/ROS/PKC-β axis. LY-333531 and NAC treatment restored destructive endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mice with diabetes, while pyrogallol (ROS agonist), PMA (PKC-β agonist) or L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) treatment abrogated the protective effect of Rg1 against diabetic endothelial dysfunction. The administration of Rg1, MDL-28170, LY-333531 and NAC improved mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED, whereas the overexpression of calpain-1 amplified mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and VED and further upregulated the expression of PKC-β in HAECs exposed to HG. Overexpression of calpain-1 abrogated the protective effect of Rg1 against HG-induced oxidative stress and VED. These findings reveal that Rg1 can protect against VED by suppressing the calpain-1/ROS/PKC-β axis and alleviating the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acidic polysaccharide ulvan extracted from the cell wall of the green algae Ulva is a good ligand for metal ions. Therefore, the adsorption properties of the U. clathrata derived ulvan toward Ca(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III) were investigated in this study. The results demonstrate that ulvan exhibited good metal ion adsorption capacity at pH 7 and 50 °C. These adsorption processes can largely be explained by the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The order of the adsorption capacity and affinity is as follows: Cr(III) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≈ Co(II) > Ca(II) and Cr(III) > Zn(II) > Co(II) ≈ Cu(II) > Ca(II). Furthermore, structural characterization revealed that the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were the main functional groups involved in metal ion binding. Unlike the divalent metal ions, Cr(III) can trigger crosslinking of the ulvan chains, and its adsorption capacity was approximately 4.0 mmol/g. • Metal adsorption processes of ulvan were well described by Freundlich isotherm model. • The order of adsorption affinity was Cr(III) > Zn(II) > Co(II) ≈ Cu(II) > Ca(II). • Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the ulvan chains involved in metal ion binding. • Cr(III) can trigger cross-linking of the ulvan chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) rarely responds to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment and are considered a promising target to enhance the immunotherapy response. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms regulating CAF plasticity to identify potential strategies to switch CAFs from pro-tumorigenic to anti-tumor phenotypes and enhance ICB efficacy in PCa. Integration of four PCa single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets defined pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumor CAFs, and RNA-seq, flow cytometry, and a PCa organoid model demonstrated the functions of two CAF subtypes. Extracellular matrix-associated CAFs (ECM-CAF) promoted collagen deposition and cancer cell progression, and lymphocyte-associated CAFs (Lym-CAF) exhibited an anti-tumor phenotype and induced the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells. YAP1 activity regulated the ECM-CAF phenotype, and YAP1 silencing promoted switching to Lym-CAFs. NF-κB p65 was the core transcription factor in the Lym-CAF subset, and YAP1 inhibited nuclear translocation of p65. Selective depletion of YAP1 in ECM-CAFs in vivo promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation and enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti- PD-1 treatment in PCa. Overall, this study revealed a mechanism regulating CAF identity in PCa and highlighted a therapeutic strategy for altering the CAF subtype to suppress tumor growth and increase sensitivity to ICB.

Conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) targets the androgen receptor (AR) inhibiting prostate cancer (PCa) progression; however, it can eventually lead to recurrence as castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which has high mortality rates and lacks effective treatment modalities. The study confirms the presence of high glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, a key regulator of ferroptosis (i.e., iron-dependent program cell death) in CRPC cells. Therefore, inducing ferroptosis in CRPC cells might be an effective therapeutic modality for CRPC. However, nonspecific uptake of ferroptosis inducers can result in undesirable cytotoxicity in major organs. Thus, to precisely induce ferroptosis in CRPC cells, a genetic engineering strategy is proposed to embed a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting antibody fragment (gy1) in the macrophage membrane, which is then coated onto mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles to produce a biomimetic nanoplatform. The results indicate that the membrane-coated nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit high specificity and affinity toward CRPC cells. On further encapsulation with the ferroptosis inducers RSL3 and iron ions, MPDA/Fe/RSL3@M-gy1 demonstrates superior synergistic effects in highly targeted ferroptosis therapy eliciting significant therapeutic efficacy against CRPC tumor growth and bone metastasis without increased cytotoxicity. In conclusion, a new therapeutic strategy is reported for the PSMA-specific, CRPC-targeting platform for ferroptosis induction with increased efficacy and safety., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) located in the peripheral zone (PZ) and transitional zone (TZ) showed a different clinical and pathological characteristic. This passage aims to preliminarily evaluate the relationship between the zonal heterogeneity of PCa quantitatively assessed by bpMRI and pathological risk stratification of the primary lesion., Methods: This prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to February 2023. A total of 113 PCa patients whose bpMRI data indicated that the lesions located in only 1 single zone of the prostate were selected. A transrectal ultrasound and MRI-targeted biopsy were performed to verify the bpMRI results, and then radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed in 3 weeks after the biopsy. The high-risk (HR) group was defined as ISUP grades ≥ 3. Binary regression was performed to evaluate if the zonal heterogeneity could be an independent predictor of the HR group. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to analyze the added value of zonal location in predicting the HR group., Results: PSA, T staging, and ISUP grades, incidence of positive surgical margins were significantly lower in the TZ PCa, and the ADCmin, and ADCmean values in the TZ PCa were significantly higher (all P < .01). The zonal heterogeneity could independently predict the HR group patients (OR: 5.170 [1.663-16.067], P = .005) and improve the predicting efficiency of HR patients (AUC 0.824, 95% CI, 0.741-0.889)., Conclusions: BpMRI could quantitively assess the zonal heterogeneity of PCa precisely and increase the predicting efficacy of HR patients, which can provide better help for clinical individualized treatment., Competing Interests: Disclosure No conflict of interest exists in aspects of employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registration grants, and any other funding between all the authors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)