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Introduction. Despite great progress in the diagnostics and treatment, breast cancer still remains the most frequently diagnosed malignant cancer in women. The outcomes of cancer treatment depend, to a considerable extent, on the degree of acceptance of the illness. The objective of the study was determination of the level of acceptance of the disease among the examined women with breast cancer. Materials and method. The study covered a group of 231 women who received treatment for breast cancer in the Rev. Bronislaw Markiewicz Subcarpathian Oncology Centre in Brzozow, south-eastern Poland, and conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using an author constructed questionnaire and the standard Acceptance of Illness Scale, adapted by Z. Juczyński. Statistical analyses were performed using the software IBM SPSS v. 21.0.0.1. The p values p=0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The mean level of acceptance of the illness in the examined group of women was 26.53 (SD = 7.71; Me = 26). The largest number of respondents (50.6%) obtained scores within the range of 20-29, according to the AIS Scale. From among the adopted variables, the level of acceptance of the illness significantly varied according to age and occupational activity. However, no such differences were confirmed according to the place of residence, marital status, education level, or the type of occupation performed. Conclusions. In the examined group of women, a mediocre level of acceptance of cancer was observed. The respondents' age and occupational situation exerted a significant effect on the level of acceptance of the illness. The results of the study should be considered as satisfactory because the number of women with a high level of acceptance of breast cancer was more than twice as high as those ones with a low acceptance of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acceptance of illness is a significant determinant of further coping with a disease. Development of illness acceptance may be associated with the sense of coherence and perception of social support. Cancer is an example of a crisis situation, which affects both the patient and his/her close relatives. Consequently, acceptance of illness may be influenced by factors originating from both sides of caregiver-patient dyad. The aim of this study was to analyse direct and indirect interrelationships between perceived support and the sense of coherence in patient-caregiver dyad, and acceptance of illness in cancer patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The study included 80 dyads composed of cancer patients and their caregivers. Only cancer patients undergoing oncological treatment at the time of the study, for at least 3 months but no longer than 12 months, were enrolled. All subjects completed perceived support subscale included in the Berlin Social Support Scales, sense of coherence-29 questionnaire to determine the sense of coherence and Acceptance of Illness Scale. Results Compared to cancer patients, their caregivers presented with significantly lower levels of perceived social support and weaker sense of coherence. The sense of coherence in caregivers and patients was determined by their perceived support levels. The sense of coherence in caregivers turned out to be a key resource influencing acceptance of illness in cancer patients, both directly and indirectly, via their perceived social support and their sense of coherence. Conclusions The sense of coherence, an intrinsic psychological factor determined by social support, is an important determinant of illness acceptance. Functioning of cancer patients is also modulated by psychosocial characteristics of their caregivers. Relevance to clinical practice Greater support offered to caregivers may substantially strengthen the sense of coherence in caregivers and cancer patients and, therefore, may improve the functioning of patient-caregiver dyad in a situation of neoplastic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim of the study: Atrial fibrillation is the most common durable type of arrhythmia. To obtain the positive effects of treatment it necessary that the patient respects the therapeutic recommendations and cooperates with the medical staff. An important factor affecting the patients adherence to the therapeutic plan is the acceptance of the illness. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the acceptance of illness on treatment adherence in atrial fibrillation patients. Material and methods: The study involved 105 patients with atrial fibrillation (mean age72,6; SD=6,9). The study used a medication adherence questionnaire MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) and the acceptance of illness questionaire AIS (ang. Acceptance of Illness Scale). Results: In the AIS questionnaire, the respondents received an average score of 22.67 points, which corresponds to the average level of acceptance of the illness. The results showed that 25% of the patients had low, 30% had medium, and 45% had high treatment adherence. Patients with high levels of AIS achieved high levels of treatment adherence (MMAS-8 = 8), while patients with low levels of AIS achieved low treatment adherence (MMAS-8 = 5.51). Correlation analysis showed a strong, statistically significant relationship between the level of treatment adherence and the level of illness acceptance (r = 0.7408; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The acceptance of illness significantly affects the treatment adherence in atrial fibrillation patients. The higher level of AIS determines better anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic treatment adherence in atrial fibrillation patients.

Krzyżanowska Ewa, Matej Agnieszka, Łuczyk Robert, Kropornicka Beata, Baczewska Bożena, Olszak Cecylia, Nowicka Elżbieta, Daniluk Jadwiga. Wpływ akceptacji choroby na zachowania zdrowotne pacjentów z marskością wątroby = The impact of the acceptance of the disease on the health behaviors of patients with liver cirrhosis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):225-244. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.166302 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3990 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.10.2016. Revised 30.10.2016. Accepted: 11.11.2016. Wpływ akceptacji choroby na zachowania zdrowotne pacjentów z marskością wątroby The impact of the acceptance of the disease on the health behaviors of patients with liver cirrhosis Ewa Krzyżanowska1, Agnieszka Matej2, Robert Łuczyk1, Beata Kropornicka1, Bożena Baczewska1, Cecylia Olszak1, Elżbieta Nowicka1, Jadwiga Daniluk1 1 Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 2 Absolwentka Wydziału Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Streszczenie Cel pracy. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu akceptacji choroby na zachowania zdrowotne pacjentów z marskością wątroby. Materiał i metoda. Badaniami objęto grupę 100 chorych z rozpoznaną marskością wątroby. Badania zostały przeprowadzone od kwietnia do czerwca 2016 r. w Oddziale Wewnętrznym Gastrologicznym w I Wojskowym Szpitalu Klinicznym oraz w Klinice Gastroenterologii Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 4 w Lublinie. W pracy wykorzystano Skalę Akceptacji Choroby (AIS) oraz Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych Zygfryda Juczyńskiego (IZZ). Wyniki badań. Z badań wynika, że 69% ankietowanych prezentuje średni poziom akceptacji choroby natomiast wysoki cechuje tylko 12% ankietowanych.19% badanych nie akceptuje choroby. Większy poziom akceptacji choroby występował w grupie kobiet niż mężczyzn oraz w grupie badanych mieszkających w mieście. Jednak różnice w ocenie nie były statystycznie istotne. Najwyższe nasilenie zachowań zdrowotnych odnotowano w kategorii zachowań profilaktycznych, najniższe w kategorii prawidłowych nawyków żywieniowych. Różnice w ocenie również nie były statystycznie istotne. Wnioski. Stwierdzono, że kobiety w większym stopniu niż mężczyźni akceptują swoją chorobę. Czas trwania choroby wpływa na jej akceptację, badani z najkrótszym stażem chorowania łatwiej akceptują chorobę niż badani chorujący dłużej niż 2-3 lata. Zachowania zdrowotne badanych nie są zależne od miejsca ich zamieszkania, jednak wyższy wskaźnik zachowań zdrowotnych obserwuje się u badanych mieszkających w mieście. W badanej grupie wykształcenie determinuje prawidłowe zachowania zdrowotne, im wyższe wykształcenie badanych tym większe nasilenie prawidłowych zachowań zdrowotnych. Czas trwania choroby nie ma wpływu na zachowania zdrowotne pacjentów marskością wątroby, jednak najwyższe nasilenie zachowań zdrowotnych prezentują badani chorujący najkrócej a najniższe chorujący dłużej niż dwa lata. Słowa kluczowe: akceptacja choroby, zachowania zdrowotne, marskość wątroby Summary Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the acceptance of the disease on the health behavior of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Material and methods. The study involved a group of 100 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. The study was conducted from April to June 2016. in the Department of Internal Gastroenterology in the Military Clinical Hospital and the Department of Gastroenterology of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. The study used Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and the Behavioral Health Inventory Siegfried Juczyński (IZZ). Findings. Research shows that 69% of respondents presented average level of acceptance of the disease is characterized by high while only 12% ankietowanych.19% of respondents did not accept the disease. A greater level of acceptance of the disease occurred in women than men and in the group of respondents living in the city. However, the differences in rating were not statistically significant. The highest intensity of health behaviors was recorded in the category of prevention, the lowest in the category of normal eating habits. Differences in ratings were also not statistically significant. Conclusions. It was found that women more than men accept their illness. The duration of the disease affects its acceptance, the subjects with the shortest experience of illness easier to accept the disease than subjects who have developed more than 2-3 years. Health behaviors surveyed are not dependent on their place of residence, but a higher rate of health behaviors observed in subjects living in the city. In the group of education determines the proper health behavior, the higher the education the greater the severity of the respondents correct health behaviors. The duration of the disease does not affect the health behavior of patients cirrhosis of the liver, but the highest severity of health behaviors present subjects who have developed the shortest and lowest sick more than two years. Keywords: acceptance of illness, health behaviors, cirrhosis of the liver

Introduction: Human functioning is based on physical, psychological, social and spiritual areas. The emergence of cancer and all types of problems affect these areas. Adapting to cancer is very important for the process of therapy, and acceptance of the disease is its determinant. Aim of the research study : To determine the relationship between oncological patients physical fitness and their acceptance of the disease. Material and methods: The following research techniques and tools have been used: a questionnaire survey, the Repta operation scale for assessing the functionality of patients in the course of the disease, a modified Pain Assessment Worksheet for evaluating the intensity of pain and its impact on daily activities and the AIS scale to assess the degree of acceptance of the disease. Results: Most of the respondents were fully efficient in the field of the activities of daily living. The vast majority of respondents did not feel pain, or felt pain that could be taken lightly. Pain that made daily functioning difficult, particularly in mobility and locomotion, concerned only persons over 60 years old. In the study group there was dominantly an average degree of acceptance of the disease; a small group was marked by a high level, and only a few people showed a lack of acceptance of the disease. Independent people and people in need of assistance accepted the illness at a medium level, and vulnerable patients showed the lowest level of acceptance. Conclusions : The efficiency of patients with cancer affects the level of acceptance of the disease. Cancer for the majority of respondents is not an obstacle in performing basic activities. Most respondents accept the disease, a small part selects a high level, and only a few people show a lack of acceptance of the disease.

Olszak Cecylia, Nowicka Elżbieta, Baczewska Bożena, Łuczyk Robert, Kropornicka Beata, Krzyżanowska Ewa, Daniluk Jadwiga. Wpływ wybranych czynników społeczno-demograficznych i medycznych na akceptację choroby w grupie osób z cukrzycą typu 2 = The influence of selected socio-demographic and medical factors on the acceptance of illness in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):11-28. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.192107 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4028 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 01.12.2016. Wpływ wybranych czynników społeczno-demograficznych i medycznych na akceptację choroby w grupie osób z cukrzycą typu 2 The influence of selected socio-demographic and medical factors on the acceptance of illness in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Cecylia Olszak1, Elżbieta Nowicka1, Bożena Baczewska1, Robert Łuczyk1, Beata Kropornicka1, Ewa Krzyżanowska1, Jadwiga Daniluk1 1Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: akceptacja choroby, cukrzyca typu 2, czynniki społeczno-demograficzne, czynniki medyczne Key words: acceptance of illness, type 2 diabetes mellitus, socio-demographic factors, medical factors Streszczenie Wstęp. Identyfikacja barier utrudniających przystosowanie się do cukrzycy stanowi ważną część opieki diabetologicznej. Akceptację cukrzycy znacząco warunkują czynniki emocjonalne, społeczne, ekonomiczne i kliniczne. Celem badania było określenie stopnia akceptacji choroby wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 w zależności od wybranych zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych i medycznych. Materiał i metoda. Badaniem objęto 227 pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 hospitalizowanych w Klinice Endokrynologii i leczonych w Poradni Diabetologicznej w SPSK4 w Lublinie. Zastosowano Skalę Akceptacji Choroby (AIS) oraz autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki badań. Płeć, miejsce zamieszkania, stan cywilny, BMI, HbA1c nie różnicowały statystycznie istotnie (p>0,05) wyników AIS. Wykazano różnicę statystycznie istotną (p0,05). There was a statistically significant difference (p

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder. The course of this medical condition and its treatment depend to a large extent on the patients. The ability to overcome difficult situations, related to such disorder and ways of coping with stress, is influenced by a factor called Sense of Coherence (SOC). The Sense of Coherence (SOC) explains the correlation between support and health. A high level of SOC gives faith in the meaning of life, the way in which life is arranged, life’s predictability – all that makes us eager to be fit and healthy. Social support is an external resource that influences health. Aim: Identification of the relationship between the need for support and the level of the Sense of Coherence as an exponent of the effectiveness of the treatment of schizophrenia. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 102 patients hospitalized for schizophrenia in the psychiatric ward in the Provincial Hospital for the Mentally Ill “Dziekanka” in Gniezno. Sense of Coherence was assessed using Antonovsky SOC-29 and the measurement of social support was assessed against the Kmiecik-Baran scale. Result: The subjects had an average level of Sense of Coherence and social support. Emotional support received from relatives and medical staff was perceived the highest. The performance support increased along with Sense of Coherence. Conclusions: Assessing the level of Sense of Coherence and support received by patients with schizophrenia will help to determine the need for social support and its well-adjusted types, which may have a significant impact on patients’ social functioning and finding more efficient ways of coping with the symptoms of the disease.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common type of carcinoma in men. The rate of prostate cancer has increased approximately fivefold lover the last 30 years. The purpose of the study was to evaluate coping strategies, pain management, illness acceptance, and adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with prostate carcinoma and the effect of socioeconomic variables on the above-mentioned issues.Material and methods: The study included 228 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The questionnaire interview consisted of demographic questions and four psychometric tests: BPCQ, measuring the influence of factors affecting pain management, CSQ, designed to evaluate pain coping strategies, the AIS questionnaire, measuring disease acceptance, and the Mini-Mac.Results: Pain locus of control scores in prostate cancer patients are distributed evenly across all three BPCQ subscales. The top mean score was observed in the area of beliefs that powerful others (doctors) control pain. Increased behavioral activity was the most frequently selected coping strategy (mean score = 18.27). The average level of disease acceptance in study patients was 30.39, with a standard deviation of 8.07. The results were differentiated by education (p = 0.08) and income (p = 0.012). The most frequently indicated coping strategies were fighting spirit (mean score = 22.46) and positive re-evaluation (mean score = 22.04).Conclusions: The main belief about pain control in prostate cancer patients is that powerful others (doctors) control pain. The study patients cope with disease constructively. The main socioeconomic variables which differentiate the scores obtained across all tests are income and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective. Every mental disorder may cause a number of negative consequences in the personal lives of the patients and their families as well as in their social relations. Acceptance of the disease is a crucial factor in the process of coping with the problems resulting from it. Acceptance of the disease may significantly influence the reduction of negative emotional reactions it causes. Consequently, it may contribute to better adaptation of the patients and hence may facilitate the process of recovery. The study attempts to define the socio-psychological conditioning of the degree of disease acceptance among patients treated for psychical disorders. Materials and method. Opinion surveys were carried out in 2013 among a group of 240 patients treated in Mental Health Clinic in Chełm, eastern Poland. The study applied Acceptance Illness Scale - AIS B. Felton, T. A. Revenson, G.A. Hinrichsen, adapted in Poland by Z. Juczyński, as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results. The analysis of the obtained results revealed a similar level of acceptance of such diseases as anxiety disorders (24.41±8.52), depression (22.80±7.51) and personality disorders (23.89±7.89). The medical records of all patients fitted among the low average. Conclusions. The greatest problem in the researched group related to the social consequences of the psychical disorders. Those questioned were afraid of the negative reactions of others and of being a burden to their families. The level of acceptance was not correlated with independent variables (age, gender, education, place of residence, general well-being). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world, as well as one of the cancers with the most fatal prognosis. The acceptance of the disease is the most important element of the adaptive process. The better the illness acceptance, the lower the stress level and the higher the self-esteem, which facilitates the adaptation to the health status. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance of the disease in patients before and after lung cancer surgery. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 2016 at the Center of Oncology in Bydgoszcz and the Kuyavian and Pomeranian Pulmonology Center in Bydgoszcz. The study involved 87 patients who were assessed both before and after lung cancer surgery. Original questionnaire, as well as the Acceptance of Illness Scale, were used. Results: Men accounted for 75% of the probands, 65% of the study population were 50-69 years old. The highest number of patients - 25 (28.7%) had a 5-pack-year history, and the lowest amount of patients - 8 (9.2%) had a 2.5-pack-year history. The level of acceptance of illness before and after surgery differed in 58 persons. In 29, the level of acceptance remained the same, in 45, the level of acceptance decreased, and in 13 - it increased. Before surgery, the mean acceptance of illness score was 26.2 points, and after surgery - 20.89 points. The patients both after and before surgery had acceptance of illness scores regardless of their gender, age, education, place of residence or occupational activity. Conclusions: In more than a half of the patients, the acceptance of illness decreases after surgery and is at an average level. Male patients, patients aged 50-69 years, with primary, middle or vocational education, employed persons show a significantly worse illness acceptance, regardless of their place of residence. Gender, age, education, place of residence, and occupational activity do not influence the acceptance of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Despite the advances in diagnostics and treatment, the breast is not always salvageable. Apart from physical consequences, mastectomy is linked with various psychosocial consequences and leads to the need of adaptation to the new situation. Most studies in Poland are quantitative and most frequently concern selected areas of a woman's functioning. Aim of the study: The aim of the presented study was to learn about and analyse experiencing cancer based on women's accounts following mastectomy. Material and methods: Five semi-structural interviews were conducted. The main questions focused on communication, coping with information on the diagnosis and treatment options, body acceptance and life after illness. Seven main motives were distinguished. Results and conclusions: The study showed that women have been increasingly aware of the role of prevention, but some solutions in the health care system or the lack of proper training of medical personnel extend time before proper treatment is administrated. Thanks to the information about breast cancer in the media, women can talk about their illness more openly. However, in some communities breast cancer is still a taboo subject. For some being actively involved in the activities of "Amazons" Association is a difficult experience causing negative emotions, while for others it is a source of self-realization. The results indicate that mastectomy and fight with cancer change women's overall experiences. The way how women react to their illness and how well they cope with it depends on many factors. It seems that the role of them should be further examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study provides an in-depth insight into the relationships between illness acceptance and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Although HRQoL is a well-established endpoint in CHF, little is known on illness acceptance in this group. Aims: The aim of this study is to critically reconsider the direction of a relationship between HRQoL and illness acceptance in CHF patients. Methods: The study included 204 patients (160 men and 44 women; mean age, 63 ± 11 years) with at least 6-month clinical evidence of CHF corresponding to New York heart Association (NYHA) classes I to IV. All the patients were examined with the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Results: Univariate analysis showed that the level of illness acceptance correlated inversely with patient age, and the level of HRQoL decreased with the severity of CHF (NYHA class). A relationship between illness acceptance and HRQoL was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Model 1 was based on the assumption that HRQoL is modulated by illness acceptance, and model 2 tested the opposite relationship. Both models included patient age and NYHA class as extrinsic determinants of AIS and MLHFQ scores, respectively. Model 2 proved to be well fitted (χ² [df = 2] = 3.22, P = .20, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.055). Scores on the AIS correlated inversely with age (bage-9AIS = -0.15, SE = 0.05, P = .002) and HRQoL (bQoL-9AIS = -0.15, SE = 0.02, P < .001), and an increase in NYHA class was reflected by an increase in HRQoL scores (bNYHA-9QoL = 5.75, SE = 1.97, P = .004). Conclusion: Patients with CHF may not accept their disease due to deteriorated HRQoL. As a result, they may be uninvolved in the therapeutic process, which leads to exacerbation of CHF, further deterioration of HRQoL, and inability to accept the illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To answer the question: is there a correlation between copying with the loss of ability and the acceptance of disease? Background The loss of ability is the beginning of a process of dealing with a widely understood dysfunction and its consequences. This happens owing to the lifting of the barriers that emerged due to the loss of ability and through the acquisition of skills that help an individual find their way in the new reality. Materials and methods The study included 90 patients with history of breast cancer. They were divided into two groups- I: up to five years from diagnosis, II: more than five years from diagnosis. The study was conducted using the Questionnaire on Coping With Ability Loss by P. Wolski, Acceptance of Illness Scale – B.J. Felton, T.A. Revenson, G.A. Hinrichsen, adapted by: Z. Juczyński. Results Group I: it is positive weak correlation, meaning that the higher level of acceptance in the QCAL test, the higher acceptance of illness. Group II: there is no relation between acceptance of illness and the QCAL test acceptance scale and no relation between depression and the level of acceptance. Conclusions The more depressed a patient is and the less successful they are in dealing with the loss of ability, the lower their level of acceptance of illness. On the other hand, in time, it is struggle with the disability that plays more important role in the acceptance of the disease than the impact of negative emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the correlations between the acceptance of the illness and coping strategies and social support. Material and methods: We studied 63 oncologic patients. In the study the following methods were used: Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) and Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). Results and conclusions: The results of the study indicated positive correlations between using active (constructive) coping with stress style and the acceptance of the illness level. The Fighting Spirit strategy seemed to play a role here. Similarly, the greater the acceptance of illness, the more social support the patient perceives and receives. In addition, we observed that women were significantly more likely to use an active (constructive) coping style and they reached higher scores on social support dimensions such as perceived available support and support actually received [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the relationships between selected psychological features of patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HF) and their attitude towards knowledge of the disease. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE This prospective study among 75 patients with stable systolic HF consisted of 2 parts: a quantitative approach, conducted during the hospitalization (based on 4 psychological questionnaires: the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale; the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations; the Acceptance of Illness Scale; and the Patient's Request Form) and a qualitative approach (phone interviews performed later). RESULTS Fifty-nine percent of patients declared the need for possessing knowledge about their disease. Psychological questionnaires did not allow us to characterize groups of patients with extremely different attitudes towards knowledge about the disease. Patients who did not want to look for any information, although they admitted that their knowledge was poor, were characterized by the conviction that nobody has an influence on their health status. Patients who were likely to read drug labels were characterized by the active style of coping. CONCLUSIONS The attitude towards knowledge about the disease is diverse among patients with systolic HF, and it is not easy to explain these differences using their psychological features assessed in the present study. Further studies focused on assessing the patient's willingness to acquire knowledge about HF, using more accurate measures, are needed, especially for healthcare professionals, who still look for an improvement in understanding the needs of their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive changes after a traumatic severe illness have still not been fully described. One of the groups that lack full research of posttraumatic growth are patients with stoma. Difficult moments of surgery and dealing with stoma are for many of them the hardest situations of all life. Some of the patient must face emotional, social and self-percep‑ tion changes in their lifes. Being a part of stomic societies is a chance for personal development for many of patients, it gives them social and institutional support and a chance to meet people in similar situation. Two groups were con‑ sidered in present study: one was a group of stomic patient and another was a group of people taking part in the University of the Third Age. Emotional traits (STPI), acceptance of illness (AIS), multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) and posttraumatic growth (PTGI) were taken into consideration. Data analysis have given very optimistic view on functioning of present groups and abilities to get on with the illness. There have been only small differences between two groups. These participants react in a very similar way and in the same way they experience the posttraumatic growth. This research is a good introduction into the field of posttraumatic positive changes for stomic patients as the special case of trauma that still lasts. Correlations between emotional traits and posttraumat‑ ic growth will surely bring new ways of psychological work with these patients.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women. Over the past 40 years, the number of patients diagnosed with breast cancer quadrupled. Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death in women aged 65 and more in Poland. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate coping strategies, pain management, disease acceptance and adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with breast cancer and to assess the effect of socioeconomic variables on the above mentioned issues. Methods: The study included 193 patients diagnosed with breast cancer during outpatient chemotherapy (classical chemotherapy, hormone therapy, molecularly targeted therapies) at the Center of Oncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute in Warsaw. We applied the Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI) technique. The questionnaire interview consisted of demographic questions (socioeconomic variables) and the following four psychometric tests: BPCQ (Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire), measuring the influence of factors affecting pain management in patients, CSQ (Coping Strategies Questionnaire), designed to evaluate pain coping strategies, AIS (Acceptance of Illness Scale) questionnaire, measuring disease acceptance, and the mini-MAC (Mental Adjustment to Cancer) scale. Results: The results of BPCQ show that breast cancer patients mostly believe that doctors control pain; the mean result for the group was 17.09 and test values were differentiated by education and professional status. The top average score in the pain coping strategies questionnaire was recorded in the positive coping self-statement subscale (mean score = 21.81), whereas the lowest, in the catastrophizing subscale (mean score = 10.60). Here, education and income proved most significant in accounting for the differences recorded. The mean score on the AIS was 28.45, and the key factor differentiating the results was income. As far as the mini-MAC is concerned, we reported the highest score in the fighting spirit subscale (23.43). The average results in the scale were slightly differentiated by socioeconomic variables. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients mostly believe that those who control pain are doctors. Amongst the strategies of coping with pain, the top average score was recorded in the positive coping self-statement subscale. We found out that the level of disease acceptance depends on respondent's income. The higher the income, the greater the acceptance of illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although important, a relationship between acceptance of illness and quality of life has not been studied extensively in individuals with chronic heart failure. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse an association between these two variables in a large group of individuals with at least a six-month history of heart failure. Methods: The study included 100 patients (68 men and 32 women, mean age 63.2±12.2 years) with at least six months’ clinical evidence of heart failure corresponding to New York Heart Association class II, III or IV. All the patients were examined with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire and Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Results: The patients presenting with low levels of acceptance of illness (8–18 points) scored significantly higher on the energy, pain, emotional reaction, sleep, social isolation and mobility domains of the NHP. Multivariate analysis showed that acceptance of illness was the only independent predictor of quality of life in all the NHP domains: energy (β= −0.653, p<0.001), pain (β= −1.464, p<0.001), emotional reactions (β –1.738, p<0.001), sleep (β= −0.820, p<0.001), social isolation (β= −0.638, p<0.001) and mobility (β= −1.739, p<0.001). Male gender proved to be an independent predictor of lower pain scores (β= −1.320, p= 0.001) and divorce was associated with higher social isolation scores (β=1.948, p<0.001). Conclusion: The extent a patient accepts their chronic heart failure diagnosis has been shown to impact on their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Pain perception is influenced by biological, psychological and sociological factors. Objectives. Analysis of occurrence of pain in the context of bio-psycho-social condition of individuals who are over 60 years of age. Material and methods. The study included 296 inhabitants of szczecin over the age of 60. AIS, SWIS, Inventory to Measure coping strategies with stress Mini-COPE, Vas scale to assess the intensity of pain and an authorial questionnaire were used. Results. 60.14% of respondents experienced pain within one week prior to filling out the questionnaire. Low intensity pain occurred in 34.81% respondents, moderate was experienced by 28.65%, and severe - 36.52%. Among the respondents with high acceptance of disease the lowest percentage of individuals experiencing pain within one week prior to the questionnaire was noted. Among the individuals who did not experience pain a higher level of life satisfaction was noted in comparison to individuals who experienced any pain (0.00%; א² = 9.1 7; p = 0.010). Pain significantly contributed to respondents employing the strategy of turning to religion (69.3%; א² = 9.28; p = 0.002). Pain was experienced more often by patients who suffered from more than one disease (76.1 %; א² = 16.53; p = 0.001). Individuals experiencing pain were not physically active (44.9%; א² = 11.88; p = 0.037). Conclusions. Over a half of participants of the study experienced pain. Lack of pain was characteristic of people who had a high level of satisfaction with life and acceptance of the disease. Urgent diagnosis and pain management is of utmost importance in elderly patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Every year more than 15,000 newly diagnosed cases of colorectal carcinoma are recorded in Poland. Aim: The objective of the study was an assessment of coping strategies and pain management, acceptance of illness, and adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma. The analysis was extended to include the effect of socioeconomic variables on the above-mentioned issues. Material and methods: The study included 238 colorectal cancer patients treated on an outpatient basis at the Centre of Oncology, the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute in Warsaw in the year 2013. The questionnaire interview comprised demographic questions (socioeconomic variables) and the following four psychometric tests: BPCQ (Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire), CSQ (Coping Strategies Questionnaire), AIS questionnaire (Acceptance of Illness Scale), and the Mini-Mac scale (Mental Adjustment to Cancer). Results: The source of pain control depends on the respondent's level of education. An increase in patient income was associated with a lower mean result in the "power of doctors" subscale. The coping self-statements and increased behavioural activity are the two most frequently selected strategies of coping with pain. The most commonly followed ways of mental adjustment to cancer in the study group were a fighting spirit (23.42) and positive re-evaluation (22.31). Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients believe that the greatest role in pain management is played by internal factors. The locus of pain control depends on the level of education. The study patients feature a constructive way of struggling with disease differentiated by the place of residence, professional status, and income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cancer disease is often synonymous with a lengthy and cumbersome treatment process for the patient and a reduction in quality of life (QoL). The attitude to the disease affects the treatment process and the level of acceptance of the illness determines the well-being of the patient, the level of trust in the medical staff and methods of treatment. It is also associated with the success of the therapy. Material and methods. The study included 112 women diagnosed with breast cancer treated at Lower Silesian Oncology Center. The study used a standardized questionnaire tools: AIS-scale acceptance of the illness, QoL WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, HADS-M questionnaire. Results. Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of acceptance of the illness and all the domains of QoL WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire: somatic domain (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), psychological domain (r = 0.40; p < 0.001), social domain (r = 0.39; p < 0.001), environmental domain (r = 0.46; p < 0.001). Analysis of correlation between anxiety and depression with the assessment of acceptance of the illness showed a negative influence of all components of the questionnaire HADS-M level AIS, as appropriate: anxiety (r = -0.51; p < 0.001), depression (r = -0.57; p < 0.001), irritability (r = -0.32; p = 0.001). A similar relationship was observed in the analysis of the correlation of anxiety and depression, quality of life in all domains of the questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusions. Patients with breast cancer presented a medium level of acceptance of the illness and limiting level of anxiety and depression. There is a positive relationship between acceptance of the illness with the assessment of QoL, while anxiety and depression negatively affects the assessment of QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health problems complicating pregnancy are a source of anxiety and concern about the developing fetus' health and life. The aim of the study was to assess the acceptance of illness and selected intrapersonal resistance resources for women whose pregnancies are complicated by gestational diabetes or pregnancy-induced hypertension and their determinants. The study was conducted from April 2019 to January 2021 in 688 pregnant women who were patients of the pregnancy pathology department and gynecology-obstetrics outpatient clinics in Lublin (Poland), using a diagnostic survey method with the use of the following research tools: Acceptance Illness Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the standardized interview questionnaire. The study group included 337 women with gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The control group included 351 women with an uncomplicated course of pregnancy. The level of acceptance of illness in pregnant women with pregnancy-induced diseases is on the border between medium and high acceptance (29.36 ± 7.82). The respondents in the control group had lower levels of self-efficacy (28.47 vs. 29.62) and health locus of control in the internal dimension (24.61 vs. 26.25) ( p < 0.05). Respondents with pregnancy-induced diseases are characterized by the internal dimension of locus of health control.

BACKGROUND Young's early maladaptive schemas are defined as convictions about oneself acquired in childhood, formed by a child in response to deprivation of his or her basic needs, especially in the area of relationships. In the case of anorexia, the role of the family and relations is emphasized as crucial for the genesis of this disorder. The aim of the research was to investigate whether Young's early maladaptive schemas change during the therapy, which would prognosticate higher treatment efficiency. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study group included 30 women suffering from anorexia, starting their 6-week therapeutic program. The procedure included double measurement: during the administration and discharge. The respondents filled in the Young Schema Questionnaire in its short form (YSQ-S3) (twice), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) adapted by Juczynski (twice), and a demographic chart (once). RESULTS The intensity of all schemas decreased after completion of the therapeutic program; the differences were mostly statistically significant. The composition of the most intense schemas did not change significantly: unrelenting standards and abandonment were the highest during both measurements. What changed were the interrelations between the schemas. They are also connected with the acceptance of the illness (the weaker they are, the greater the acceptance, and the stronger the relations) and with psychological well-being, especially during the post-therapy measurement. CONCLUSIONS The schemas seem to be significant from the perspective of understanding anorexia. They are susceptible to be changed by integrative therapies. Nevertheless, it seems that in order to achieve a durable change, schema therapy should be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine temporal orientation in patients diagnosed with RR-MS as compared with that of healthy individuals; to analyse self-evaluated acceptance levels in terms of physical and psychological condition and self-reliance; an attempt to identify factors of illness acceptance in patients with RR-MS including temporal perspective. Method: Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS, adapted into Polish by Z. Juczyński), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI, adapted into Polish by M. Mażewski), and original interview aimed to assess socio-demographic data and self-evaluated physical as well as psychological condition and self-reliance of patients with MS (referred to the neurological testing according to the EDSS). Results: Patients with RR-MS focus on fatalistic and hedonistic present more than healthy individuals. They also tend to reflect on their negative past experience. Acceptance of illness correlated positively with subjective assessment of physical and psychological condition as well as self-reliance, and negatively with objective disability score (measured with the use of EDSS) and a factor considering time of disease duration. Conclusions: Avoiding contemplation of negative past and concentrating on hedonistic future constitute significant predictors of illness acceptance. These results may be of importance in terms of holistic approach to treatment of RR-MS patients. In the initial stage of the disease progression, patients might benefit from psychological support due to change in temporal orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease that negatively affects different aspects of the patients' lives, diminishing their quality of life. This research studied factors that impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with HF, particularly medication adherence and acceptance of illness. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 273 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital with the diagnosis of HF. Participants' level of illness acceptance, medication adherence, and HRQoL were assessed using validated questionnaires, and data were analyzed using the regression path analysis. There was found a moderate level of acceptance of illness (24.9 ± 6.79) and low levels of medication adherence (3.44 ± 3.15) and HRQoL (53.81 ± 17.99) among participants. Gender, education, income, history of coronary artery bypass (CABG), the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, acceptance of illness, and medication adherence were statistically significantly associated with HRQoL. Patients with diminished HRQoL were more likely to be female, less educated, have lower income, higher NYHA class, no prior CABG, low medication adherence, and low level of acceptance of illness. The final path model demonstrated a good fit with the data (χ^2/df = 1.70, CFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05, and p = 0.01). Health care providers should target and promote medication adherence and the acceptance of illness as modifiable factors to help improve the HRQoL of patients with HF. • Medication adherence had a direct effect on HRQoL of patients with HF. • Illness acceptance affected HRQoL of the patients both directly and indirectly. • Gender, education, income, CABG, and NYHA class were other factors affecting HRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Health condition is one of the basic factors affecting satisfaction with life, and the level of illness acceptance. The purpose of the study was to analyse the level of illness acceptance, the level of satisfaction with life among malaria patients, and the level of trust placed in the physician and the nurse. Methods The study employs the method of diagnostic survey based on standardised AIS and SWLS scales, as well as Anderson and Dedrick's PPTS and PNTS scales. Results The average AIS level was 12 points, while the average level of SwL at the SWLS scale was 16.5 points. The average level of trust in the physician and the nurse amounted to 50.6 points and 51.4 points, respectively. The correlation between the level of illness acceptance and selfevaluated satisfaction with life was statistically significant, with R = 0.56. The marital status influenced the level of illness acceptance with p < 0.05 and the level of satisfaction with life with p < 0.05. The employment status affected the level of satisfaction with life with p < 0.05 and the level of illness acceptance with p < 0.05. Conclusions The majority of malaria patients did not accept their illness, while the level of satisfaction with life was low. The majority of respondents trusted their physician and nurse. There is a statistically significant correlation between the level of illness acceptance and the selfevaluated satisfaction with life. The marital status had a statistically significant effect on the acceptance of illness and the satisfaction with life. The individuals who had a job demonstrated higher levels of quality of life and illness acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of emotional control with sociodemographic and clinical variables in a sample of patients with a range of chronic somatic diseases. The relationships between emotional control, coping styles and adjustment to the disease were investigated. The sample consisted of 300 patients with the mean age of 54.60 ± 17.57 years. Courtauld Emotional Control Scale was used to measure the patients' tendency to suppress negative emotions, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was used to measure coping styles and Acceptance of Illness Scale was applied to determine adjustment to the disease. Patients with neurological conditions showed significantly lower suppression of anger. Levels of emotional control were found to be related to gender, age and educational level but not to the place of residence. Task-oriented style of coping with stress correlated positively with suppression of depression and anxiety, whereas acceptance of illness correlated negatively with suppression of anger. Levels of emotional control are only weakly related to the type of diagnosis; however, some clinical samples may show lower suppression of anger. Suppression of negative emotions is weakly related to adjustment indicators such as certain coping styles and acceptance of illness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Diabetes is a serious public health problem that is increasing worldwide., Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate acceptance of the illness, emotional distress, depression and quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus., Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in 145 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 73 males (50.3%) and 72 females (49.7%), ranging in age from 20 to 65 years old. Research data were collected using the face-to-face interview technique by the researchers. The Acceptance of Illness Scale for the determination of individuals' acceptance of the illness, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale for emotional distress, Beck Depression Inventory for depression and Short Form-36 scales for quality of life was used., Results: The mean score of individuals' Acceptance of Illness Scale was 30.2±5.62. Compared to women, men had lower emotional distress, depression levels (p<0.05), higher physical, mental quality of life (p<0.001). Correlations among acceptance of illness, emotional distress, depression and quality of life were found to be significant (p<0.05). Also, models of multiple linear regression analysis were statistically significant (p=0.000)., Conclusions: The main goal in the treatment of diabetes should be to eliminate complaints in patients, to reduce, prevent or delay the development of complications, to increase the quality of life, to ensure that the individual has a physically, emotionally, spiritually and mentally regular life in addition to metabolic control. For this reason, it is beneficial to carry out the treatment with a multidisciplinary approach in type 2 diabetes mellitus., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©2022 Acta Endocrinologica (Buc).)

This study aimed to determine the Acceptance of Illness and use of religious coping in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 FMF patients, who came to be examined in the Rheumatology outpatient clinic of a Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between June and October 2020. Data were obtained using a Patient Information Form, the Acceptance of Illness Scale, and the Religious Coping Styles Scale. The patients' mean Acceptance of Illness score was 21.14 ± 8.44 (moderate level), their mean positive religious coping score was 20.46 ± 5.97, and their mean negative religious coping score was 10.63 ± 5.01. There was a weak, negative correlation between the patients' Acceptance of Illness and their negative religious coping. Nurses should help patients to develop their Religious Coping Styles by taking into consideration their beliefs, values, cultural, and social backgrounds., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)