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Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Women's Studies (SAUJWS) / Sakarya Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi (SAUKAD) is the property of Sakarya Universitesi Kadin Arastirmalari Dergisi (SAUKAD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Australia in 2018, a Royal Commission investigating misconduct within the financial services sector uncovered systemic problems associated with the provision of financial services. The Commission concluded that the causes of the problems identified lay with the systems and cultures cultivated by the businesses involved. An analysis of the environment in which financial services firms evolved provides greater understandings of corporate behaviour in this regard. The conclusion drawn is that in the post deregulation environment a number of factors combined to produce settings in which undesirable behaviours could occur. Competitive pressures led to unwise business decisions. Associated with this, turnover at the executive level led to a lack of continuity and a loss of corporate memory with its associated value structures. Combined with an emphasis on short term outcomes this resulted in behaviours that were contrary to ethical business codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Khalid Fateh Muhammad is a prominent writer of current era. He has gained prominence in Urdu fiction due to his unique style, thematic diversity, and technical expertise in the creation of fiction. He has keenly observed the society. This is the reason that his stories are full of psychological and sexual diverse attitude of human beings as well as social conflicts and problems. Being a social realist, he is the spokesman of his age. He has exposed hunger, poverty, greed, unfair distribution of capital, social injustices, and hypocritical attitude of humans in his short stories. In this article, the element of social realism in Khalid Fateh Muhammad's stories is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent, large-scale study among Chinese adolescents found that childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) was positively related to dispositional greed (i.e., the "luxury hypothesis"), instead of negatively related (i.e., the "scarcity hypothesis"; Liu et al., 2019c). This relationship was found for only-children, not for children with siblings. The generalizability of these findings may be limited, due to China's one-child policy and socioeconomic policies which may have led to fewer differences in wealth. We replicated this research in two other cultural contexts that represent markedly different socioeconomic policies in order to test its generalizability: the Netherlands (Study 1, N = 2367, 51.3% female, Mage = 54.06, SD = 17.90), and the USA (Study 2, N = 999, 50.1% female, Mage = 33.44, SD = 12.28). Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to test the association between CSES and greed. We mostly replicated the findings by Liu et al. (2019c): CSES was positively related to greed in both studies ("luxury hypothesis") and there was a moderating effect of siblings in Study 1, but not in Study 2. Implications for theories on greed as well as future research on the association between CSES and greed are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent models of personality development have emphasized the role of the environment in terms of selection and socialization effects and their interaction. Our study provides partial evidence for these models and, crucially, extends these models by adding a person variable: Core beliefs, which are defined as mental representations of experiences that individuals have while pursuing need-fulfilling goals. Specifically, we report results from a longitudinal investigation of the development of trait greed across time. Based on data from the German Personality Panel, we analyzed data on 1,965 young adults on up to 4 occasions, spanning a period of more than 3 years. According to our results, negative core beliefs that have so far been proposed only in the clinical literature (e.g., being unloved or being insecure) contributed to the development of trait greed, indicating that striving for material goals might be a substitute for unmet needs in the past. Additionally, greedy individuals more often self-selected themselves into business-related environments, which presumably allow them to fulfill their greed-related need to earn a lot of money. Our results expose important mechanisms for trait greed development. Regarding personality development in general, core beliefs were identified as an important variable for future theory building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the association between CEO greed and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance with a particular emphasis on the curtailing role of corporate governance. We found that CEO greed has a negative effect on CSR, since an uncontrolled pursuit of personal gain typically reveals myopic behavior and the foregoing of investment in CSR by a greedy CEO. Additionally, we found that CEO compensation in the form of large bonuses, support, and restricted stocks options weakened the link between CEO greed and CSR. Concerning the power dynamics amongst CEOs (CEO duality and tenure), we found that CEO duality moderates the negative relation between CEO greed and CSR. We also explored the curtailing role of corporate governance (proxies represented by board gender diversity and board independence) in the association between CEO greed and CSR. Our findings show that gender diversity curtails the negative effect of CEO greed on CSR once it reaches critical mass on the corporate board. Gender critical mass also curtails the negative impact of CEO greed on CSR, even if the CEO exercises duality. Our findings have empirical and practical implications. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between CEO greed and CSR in Asia, a region not renowned for CSR performance. This study also provides evidence for the curtailing role of compensation and governance factors in the negative relationship between CEO greed and CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision problems may be subject to objectives or constraints that make the formal model intractable. We propose an adaptive and pragmatic approach to address such nonstandard objectives or constraints, where these are first circumvented for feasibility, then accounted for through heuristics. One example is managing risk and resilience in a natural system facing uncertainty. Our procedure is exemplified in a predator‐prey fisheries system where a reference policy that maximizes expected profits implies a risk of prey stock collapse. The reference policy includes a no‐fishing section for the prey and harvest beyond myopic catch for the predator in parts of state space. We construct heuristic recovery plans, based on the reference policy, to reduce the risk of collapse by partly backing in the auxiliary objective. Under the heuristic policies, system resilience is enhanced with limited economic losses. Via Monte Carlo simulations, we calculate viability probabilities as measures of improved resilience and employ dynamic programming to assess value losses. Recommendations for Resource Managers: Adaptive heuristics can augment resilience management.Promoting heuristic modifications based on first‐best solutions of reduced models.Support decisions/actions in presence of uncertainty and nonstandard objectives.Resilience implies viability and ecosystem perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential that leaders within an organization routinely meet with employees to ensure needs are met and employees understand the values, which the organization is founded. Leadership and ethical decision-making play a vital role in maintaining a cohesive organization. Leaders must retain a stable work ethic and corporate culture within the organization by clearly defining goals and behaviors, values, decisions, and communications that align with the mission. The purpose of this narrative inquiry is to investigate accounting leaders' stories related to ethical practices in accounting. How do leaders make decisions that support an ethical environment? Non-profit leaders who head up accounting departments are duty bound to enforce best practices and be held to high standards as organizational leaders working in the southern region of Louisiana. The data collection method used was in the form of semi-structured interviews. Ten open-ended semi-structured questions were posed to explore accounting leaders' stories related to their ethical practices in non-profit accounting. Data analysis administered several thematic codes using NVivo 12 software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theater, as one of the literary types, has created a link between literature and performing arts. There have been two types of theater, comedy and tragedy. In the past, the type of tragedy was superior to the type of comedy. In the seventeenth century in France, with the appearance of Molière, comedy flourished and a revolution took place in the classical theater. In Iran, playwriting does not have much history. But its traditional and religious forms have always existed. In this article, we have done a comparative study of two comedy plays, Molière's The Miser and Akhundzadeh's The Tale of the Miserly Man. In the two studied works, miserliness is shown as one of the biggest moral pests that not only affects family relationships, but also involves social relationships. In this article, we have benefited from the theories of Michel Viegnes in the field of theater and his classification of types of humor and the theories of Ménandre, the ancient Greek playwright, in the field of classification of the characters of classical plays, and by examining and comparing the content, character, we have discussed the structure of two works to see how and in what cases Akhundzadeh imitated Molière and what was his purpose in writing this play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispositional greed has shaped our evolutionary history and has ramifications for the well-being of those who are exposed to greedy behavior. However, there are enormous individual differences in dispositional greed, and little is known of the potential positive aspects of this heterogeneity. Three studies tested the link between dispositional greed and one potential benefit: empathy for pain. Surprisingly, Study 1 found that individual differences in dispositional greed are positively correlated with empathy for pain. Studies 2 and 3 further found that individual differences in dispositional greed are positively correlated with pain experience and physical pain sensitivity. Importantly, our finding that dispositional greed is associated with empathy for pain is due to the those exhibiting dispositional greed being more sensitive pain experiences. These results shed light on the psychological mechanisms underlying the persistent nature of dispositional greed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are at the forefront of modern political campaigning. They allow politicians to communicate directly with constituents and constituents to endorse politicians' messages and share them with their networks. Analyzing every tweet of all US senators holding office from 2013 to 2021 (861,104 tweets from 140 senators), we identify a psycholinguistic factor, greed communication, that robustly predicts increased approval (favorites) and reach (retweets). These effects persist when tested against diverse established psycholinguistic predictors of political content dissemination on social media and various other psycholinguistic variables. We further find that greed communication in the tweets of Democratic senators is associated with greater approval and retweeting compared to greed communication in the tweets of Republican senators, especially when those tweets also mention political outgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Greed is an excessive form of self-interest that leads individuals to pursue material wealth and immaterial desires with little or no concern for the well-being of others. While the literature suggests that greed results in managers acting unethically, a situational strength perspective suggests that this may not always be the case. Therefore, this paper aims at understanding how the new venture context, particularly the role of a team member's affective and cognitive trust in the new venture team, shapes the manifestation of greed in entrepreneurs' unethical pro-organizational behavior—behavior that allows new venture team members to advance their ventures despite the violation of social norms. Consistent with our theorizing, we find that new venture team members' affective and cognitive trust in their teams shape the relationship between greed and unethical pro-organizational behavior in opposing ways. Particularly, higher levels of greed are more likely to be connected to unethical pro-organizational behavior when a member's affective trust in the team is high and cognitive trust in the team is low. Our study offers implications for the entrepreneurship and management literatures, alongside implications for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article extends current models of how consumers judge or perceive organizations as greedy using the theoretical framework of motivated moral reasoning. We show that inherent features of an organization (size and 'black sheep' status) and its behaviour (relative frequency) bias consumer perceptions of organizational greed. We use an experimental methodology, present subjects with vignettes describing different scenarios, validate our questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis, and test our hypotheses using a general linear model with covariates. Our findings suggest that consumer perceptions of organizational greed are subject to three effects: the underdog effect (Study 1, n = 496), the black sheep effect (Study 2, n = 229) and the 'common is moral' heuristic (Study 3, n = 249). This is the first study to investigate greed under a motivated reasoning paradigm and to show that perceptions of organizational greed are subject to socio‐psychological biases. This study also provides advice on branding and positioning strategies that appeal to the underdog status of an organization or its local origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xunzi 荀子 provided naturalistic answers to questions regarding human sociality and our characteristic "groupishness" (qun 羣). Central to his theories were so-called "social divisions and righteousness" (fenyi 分義), which can be interpreted as a uniquely human package of "cultural technology" produced via cultural evolution to suppress intragroup conflict stemming from what Xunzi calls "the mind of covetous comparison" (liangyi zhi xin 兩疑之心). For Xunzi, fenyi is the uniquely human attribute which kickstarts a salutary causal chain which facilitates prosociality and the upscaling of cooperation, and ultimately results in human ecological dominance. This essay will argue that an incipient form of cultural evolution is discoverable in the Xunzi, and moreover that a solution to the problem of the origin of the "ritual and righteousness" (liyi 禮義) cultural package derives neatly from the incipient cultural evolution of the Xunzi. That is to say, while this solution is not explicitly adduced in the Xunzi, it is nonetheless consistent with Xunzian ideas and is an improvement on the much-lambasted solution Xunzi actually gives, according to which "the former kings hated ... chaos, and so they established rituals and righteousness." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ACCESS—the Agent-based Causal simulator with Cognitive, Environmental, and Social System factors—is an agent-based simulation of an alternate world that is designed to test social science methodologies' abilities to explain, predict, and prescribe policies for complex social systems. The ACCESS world model includes behaviors based on behavioral and cognitive sciences within and across individuals, groups, and the society to create a multi-level model that exhibits emergent phenomena. In this paper, we detail the logic underlying our conceptualization of the entities (individuals, groups, and the world) and their interactions. We also provide details on how we used the ACCESS model to challenge and score social scientist teams' abilities to explain, predict, and prescribe in the artificial world as part of the DARPA Ground Truth program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of criminogenesis, Nelen's argument is that it is more accurate to describe the football industry as crime facilitative rather than crime coercive, although there are also indications of the latter. It takes the substantive topic of financial crime within professional football (that inexplicably remains marginal to the discipline of criminology despite the major industry it relates to) and illuminates the myriad vulnerabilities for financial crime that exist as well as drawing attention to solutions to these. [Extracted from the article]

Research on public opinion about economic redistribution has made important progress by incorporating the psychological microfoundation that shapes support for redistribution to the poor. However, one piece is missing: the microfoundation shaping support for redistribution from the rich. I provide a novel theory about this facet of redistributive attitudes and how it is distinct. Observational data from three nationally representative samples in two different welfare systems and an experiment show that attitudes about taking from the rich are mainly driven by perceptions of their prosociality—whether they are greedy or generous. This contrasts with public opinion about giving to the poor that is mainly driven by perceptions of the efforts of poor people. Furthermore, while compassion shapes attitudes about giving to the poor, the emotions of admiration and envy shape attitudes about taking from the rich. These findings have important theoretical and empirical implications for public opinion about economic redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the "k‐volunteer's dilemma" benefit accrues to all members if at least k members volunteer, and receive nothing otherwise. We use experiments to examine (a) volunteering behavior when threshold k increases from 1 to 2, and (b) whether volunteering behavior shifts toward norms associated with one of two primed identities—charitable or competitive. We find that increasing the threshold increases an individual's probability of volunteering, but the likelihood of good provision is lower. Neither priming affects volunteering behavior when k = 1, but competitive priming effectively increases volunteering when k = 2. Both greed and fear of non‐provision appear to affect volunteering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1691, after leaving the post of viceroy of Peru and during his return to Spain, Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull, Duke of La Palata, died in Portobelo. The news of his death was received in Lima with some poems against him written by the poet Juan del Valle y Caviedes. In these verses, using mainly the model of funeral poetry, a series of accusations are made against the duke in which his avarice and pride are criticized. In this paper I will comment a poetic epitaph, in the form of a sonnet, in which, in addition to moral accusations, echoes of political attacks against the ex-viceroy are also manifest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is a contribution to this issue's forum on French Jewish studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this special issue on justice, ethics, and philosophy of religion, let us consider a historical case study. The trade of slaves across the Atlantic lasted 400 years and led to the forcible removal of about 12.5 million people from Africa, south of the Sahara. This paper examines the African slave trade in light of the notion that evil of whatever form is a menace to our very existence and a rupture of the very essence of hope. It will focus on the nature, development, and growth of the African/European Slave Trade, as it interrogates issues such as: if evil is coterminous with human cruelty, then the slave trade was the apogee of human evil and avarice; the notion of slavers saving the enslaved from themselves; and providing an avenue for conversion into Abrahamic religions. The essay will also be interested in how slavers—European and Africans alike—rationalized slavery and how the enslaved and onlookers responded to the spectacle of enslavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted three studies examining the reliability, factor structure, and validity of Multidimensional Dispositional Greed Assessment (MDGA) scores with samples of undergraduate college students. The MDGA is an instrument developed to measure adults' levels of dispositional greed. In study 1 (test-retest reliability; N = 150), we assessed the stability of MDGA scores over time. In study 2, we examined the stability and factor structure of the 20-item MDGA (confirmatory factor analysis; N = 2,178), and measurement invariance across demographic groups (multiple group confirmatory factor analysis) among a sample of undergraduate college students in the United States. In study 3 (multiple linear regression; N = 486), we investigated evidence of concurrent validity through measuring the relationship between MDGA and Dispositional Greed Scale scores. Through these studies, we identified evidence for good test–retest reliability for MDGA total and subscale scores. The results also provided evidence for measurement invariance of MDGA items across gender and race/ethnicity groups. Lastly, we found evidence for concurrent validity of MDGA through identifying large positive predictive relationship between MDGA and DGS total scores, while there was a weaker positive correlation with the MDGA's more unique factor, retention motivation. We provide an overview of the implications of this study, and suggest potential areas of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans Le Moulin de Pologne (1952) de Jean Giono, le « destin des Costes », saisis d'un vertige de mort, traduit l'impasse d'une société où la fusion désirée des individus avec le monde, sous l'effet de la « passion » ou instinct de « perte », n'est plus possible car le monde s'est fermé au désir humain sous la pression de l'Histoire récente. C'est pourquoi, dans la petite ville où se déroule l'histoire, au xixe siècle, règne l'« avarice », non seulement d'argent, mais d'abord du désir. Avares, les notables de la ville qui assouvissent indirectement – par victime interposée – le leur en lui offrant en pâture la perte des Costes lesquels, en désespoir de cause, se donnent au néant. Le personnage de M. Joseph, figure de l'écrivain – comme est aussi le narrateur –, bâtit autour de Julie, son épouse, la plus éperdue des Costes, un vaste domaine où elle peut vivre librement sa passion. Ce domaine est la mise en abyme du contre-monde de formes que l'écrivain, l'avare par excellence, avare sublime, élabore dans l'écriture pour qu'on puisse s'y perdre ad libitum , à défaut de pouvoir le faire pour de bon dans le réel. À la mort de M. Joseph, le destin funeste des Costes reprend de plus belle et va à son terme. Il ne reste alors plus à l'écrivain qu'à passer au livre suivant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore the potential that acting proenvironmentally protects adolescents from developing materialistic value. Design/methodology/approach: Convenience sampling was adopted to collect data from two randomly selected secondary schools in central China. A total of 784 participants were included in the survey. Findings: The mediation analysis revealed that adolescent proenvironmental behaviour was negatively associated with materialism. The results of the moderated mediation model showed that psychological entitlement mediates the association between adolescent proenvironmental behaviour and materialism, and that family socioeconomic status acts as a moderator in the association between proenvironmental behaviour and psychological entitlement. Practical implications: The current results advise educational practitioners on alleviating adolescent materialism. Policy makers and schools can add more environmental practice to the curriculum and extracurricular activities. Moreover, identifying the personal benefits of proenvironmental behaviour can motivate young people to act proenvironmentally, which not only factually reduces over-consumption but also attracts more attention from young people to the environment. Originality/value: Previous studies rarely explored the individual belief or perception accounting for the negative association between proenvironmental behaviour and materialism. Therefore, the authors adopt psychological entitlement, a belief reflecting the dark side of individual perception, to explain why proenvironmental behaviour reduces materialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brocar: Cuadernos de Investigación Histórica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is a widespread belief that greed keeps corruption alive. We tried to testify this belief and further proposed that this pattern would fade under conditions of low descriptive corruption norms. Therefore, two studies were conducted to examine the effect of greed on corruption and the buffering role of descriptive corruption norms. In Study 1, we strengthened support for the causal effect of greed on corruption. In Study 2, we further illustrated that greed positively predicted corrupt intent when descriptive corruption norms were high; by contrast, the relationship disappeared when descriptive corruption norms were low. The present research refines the belief that greed leads to corruption absolutely, and suggests feasible ways to reduce the negative influence of greed on corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poem "Lost Faith" by Byomkesh Dwivedy is presented. First Line: Surrounded by fights; Last Line: To the plight of the poor.

The study explores the effects of greed on human mind through a comparative study of the works of Christopher Marlow and Leo Tolstoy, the greatest writers of their ages. The study mainly focuses on Dr. Faustus by Marlow and How much Land does a Man need by Tolstoy to prove the research questions. The study belongs to comparative literature and is qualitative in nature. The framework for the study is Susann Basinet comparative analysis. The study is significantly significant for the readers to know about the workings of greed on man and to avoid its consequences in their real life. By reading this article the reader will become conscious the various workings of greed in man's life and so will abstain from it. The findings of the study show the worst effect of greed on the two protagonists and its dire consequences for their later life. The conclusion sums up various reasons, causes and effects of greed on human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few figures in the medieval West were as religiously ambivalent as the medieval jongleur , a broad French term for a popular entertainer. Ecclesiastical authorities typically critiqued jongleurs, aligning them with avarice, folly, and prostitution. However, by the thirteenth century, the jongleur emerged as a more complex figure. Far from being a disciple of the devil, the jongleur could imitate the humility of King David and, by extension, the Passion of Christ. In religious texts and imagery, the jongleur's embodied performance could exemplify a sacred rite. Showcasing the medieval European jongleur, this article argues that the divide between the sacred and the profane is not as rigid as much scholarship assumes. Ultimately, this study shows the importance of bodily performance in Western medieval religion and therefore complicates the presumed binary between written/Western and embodied/Eastern religiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to build a family of tutorial Goodwinian (essentially Marxist) models of capital accumulation through industrial cycles that are less complicated than the author's models of the extended capitalist reproduction in the USA already published. The subordinate purpose is to advance refinement of these models from the standard "neoclassical" assumptions that distort the generic structures determining perpetual disequilibrium in the reproduction of the aggregate social capital. The ascending from abstract to concrete applies the notion of twofold nature of capitalist production as creation of use value and labour value (prioritizing surplus value). This approach reveals substantial facets of endogenous increasing returns and technological progress induced by capitalist production relations. A three-dimensional Goodwinian model L-1, containing the greed feedback loops, reflects destabilizing cooperation and stabilizing competition of investors. Monopoly capital implements proportional and derivative control over the capital accumulation rate. The growth rate of output per worker directly depends on the growth rates of capital intensity and employment ratio in a technical progress function, whereas the capital-output ratio is constant. Oscillations imitating growth cycles are endogenous. A recession (mild crisis) is a manifestation of relative and absolute over-accumulation of capital. A knife-edge limit cycle maintains a growth cycle with the Kondratiev duration; a more solid limit cycle with a period of about 7.5 years upholds a business cycle with a recession without reduced net output. These limit cycles result from the subsequent supercritical Andronov–Hopf bifurcations. The transformation of the growth cycle into industrial cycle gives credit to raising status of capital-output ratio from auxiliary in L-1 to the level (phase) variable in four-dimensional L-2. A mechanization (automation) function mirrors induced technical progress. L-2 embraces new 11 intensive feedback loops involving capital-output ratio. Proportional and derivative control over this ratio by monopoly capital is taken into account. Pair of supercritical Andronov–Hopf bifurcations gives birth to two limit cycles. The second is a remote analogue for Kuznets cycle with the period of about 18 years; the first upholds the industrial cycle with period of about 7 years and declining net output in the outright crisis. Besides relative and absolute over-accumulation of capital, the specific positive and negative feedback loops containing capital-output ratio are required for crises in industrial cycles. Long-term enhancement of monopoly profit through lowering a targeted domestic capital accumulation rate and diminishing a targeted output-capital ratio is substantiated analytically and validated by computer simulations. The gained insights highlight caveats for hastily policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine how corporate policies are driven by CEO greed. We hypothesize that greedy CEOs are inclined to implement highly aggressive policies that are beneficial for them but are harmful to shareholders. Specifically, firms with greedy CEOs take excessive risk, make higher investments (R&D and capital expenditure), acquire more debt (both short- and long-term), hoard fewer liquid assets (cash holdings and working capital), and pay less dividend. Using a sample of Chinese firms from 2010 to 2019, the results lend support to our predictions. This work contributes to the literature on upper echelon and agency theory by highlighting how organizational outcomes are influenced by the selfish behavior of greedy CEOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do rebels leave rebellions? Although much scholarly attention has been devoted to understanding why individuals join rebellions, relatively little is known about why they leave. This paper seeks to fill this deficit by exploring the decision-making process that rebels undertake when determining whether to stay or leave. Based on interview data collected from ten active rebels and four former rebels all engaged (or previously engaged) in conflicts in East Africa, we find that the reason why rebels joined the group influences their decision to leave or stay. Rebels who joined due to grievances are far less likely to escape opportunistically, while rebels who joined due to "greed" display a higher sensitivity to the hardships of rebel life and the pull of alternative options. Understanding why a person joins a rebellion helps predict the factors that will drive them to leave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to analyze the validity of human rights during digital activity, since new work relationships are likely to serve to undermine work achievements when rapacity prevails against individual and collective well-being. It is a bibliographical study of a diachronic nature from the deductive rationalist approach. It identifies the consequent stress of the overexploitation of those who work together with the transfer of value when the activities are virtually legally unregulated. Therefore, it insists on the legislative appropriation of societies for the normalization of social practices for the benefit of the collective. The implementation of mechanisms that avoid work stress is demanded as strategies that give rise to the best conditions. It implies restraint and cultural responsibility as ethical provisions that allow correct situations, by repealing permissiveness for the production of fair coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vox Patrum is the property of Wydzial Teologii KUL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The high level of greed and corruption and their attendant socio-political stasis and ineptitude in contemporary Nigeria has been portrayed in Chidubem Iweka's August Inmates. Existing literary and scholarly engagements on greed and corruption are ubiquitous and they have focused on the havoc they have unleashed on the society. Nonetheless, it appears that the prognostic studies on how to raise future leaders without the influence of the cancerous greed and corruption have been given little or no consideration. This is the critical gap this paper attempts to fill. This paper therefore investigates the social and vicious greed and its sociopolitical consequences in order to raise future leaders that will eschew the protracted and recalcitrant greed in Nigerian socio-political environment. The primary text is Chidubem Iweka's August Inmates. It will be subjected to critical analysis in both content and form. Inspirations will be drawn from Postcolonialism as theoretical framework. The essence of literary Postcolonialism is to allow for the examination of socio-political vices and imbalances in contemporary Nigeria in order to seek for ways of ameliorating them through the selection of ideal future leaders; it will also undergird the analysis of our findings. The study identifies significantly greed as the bane of socio-political peace and progress. It concludes that in raising breed of leaders without greed some priceless socio-political virtues must be explicitly injected into the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of social ventures are for-profit companies (i.e., for-profit social ventures) that seek to advance a social cause while making a profit. In a series of seven studies, this research investigates consumer support for organizations as a function of their social mission and profit orientation. The impact of profit orientation on consumer support depends on the prominence of the organization's social mission. For organizations with a prominent social mission, profits are interpreted as a signal of greed; absent a prominent social mission, a for-profit orientation can instead imply greater competence. As a result, consumer support of for-profit social ventures suffers in comparison to both nonprofits and traditional for-profits--a downside to the organizational benefits of for-profit social ventures identified in prior research. In addition, this research investigates organizational factors--including excessive organizational spending, profit perceptions, and operational efficiency cues--that alter greed perceptions and consequently support for for-profit social ventures. Together, this research sheds light on consumer reaction to organizations that support social causes, with implications for the social venture marketplace, including the nonprofit versus for-profit quandary faced by social entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]