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Nanostructured materials find potential benefits for surface-based science such as latent fingerprints (LFPs) and lip print detection on porous and non-porous surfaces. To encounter the drawbacks viz. low sensitivity, high background hindrance, complicated procedure and high toxicity associated with traditional fluorescent powders were resolved by using hollow/solid BaTiO3:Dy3+ (1–5 mol %) microspheres. The visualization of LFPs stained by the optimized BaTiO3:Dy3+ (2 mol %) hollow/solid microspheres exhibits well-defined ridge patterns with high sensitivity, low background hindrance, high efficiency and low toxicity on various surfaces. The powder X-ray diffraction results revealed the body centered cubic phase of the prepared samples. The emission spectra exhibit intensive peaks at ∼480, 575, and 637 nm, which were attributed to transitions 4F9/2→6HJ (J = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2) of Dy3+ ions, respectively. Surface morphologies were extensively studied with different sonication times and concentrations of the used barbituric acid. The Commission International De I-Eclairage (CIE) and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) analyses revealed that the present phosphor is highly useful for the fabrication of white light emitting diodes.

Objective: To assess the correlation between different cheiloscopic patterns with the terminal planes in deciduous dentition. Materials and Methods: Three hundred children who are 3–6 years old with complete primary dentition were recruited, and the pattern of molar terminal plane was recorded in the pro forma. Lip prints of these children were recorded with lipstick-cellophane method, and the middle 10 mm of lower lip was analyzed for the lip print pattern as suggested by Sivapathasundharam et al. The pattern was classified based on Tsuchihashi and Suzuki classification. Results: Type II (branched) pattern was the most predominant cheiloscopic pattern. The predominant patterns which related to the terminal planes were as follows: Type IV (reticular) and Type V (irregular) pattern for mesial step, Type IV (reticular) pattern for distal step, and Type I (complete vertical) pattern for flush terminal plane. No significant relationship was obtained on gender comparison. Conclusion: Lip prints can provide an alternative to dermatoglyphics to predict the terminal plane in primary dentition. Further studies with larger sample size are required to provide an insight into its significant correlations.

Context (Background): Lips prints are unique and are a tool for personal identification. Aims: Indian population can be divided into different ethno-racial groups. In this study, we aimed at finding the most and the least prevalent lip print patterns in these groups and also to observe any similarities or differences that may exist in these groups in terms of lip print patterns. Settings and Design: Lip prints in 755 individuals categorized into different ethno-racial groups were studied. Materials and Methods: Brown- and pink-colored lipsticks, cellophane tape, and magnifying lens were used to record and study the lip prints. Results: Among all the three ethno-racial groups, Type I was the most prevalent lip print pattern observed. The least prevalent lip print pattern in all the three groups was Type IV. Inference/Conclusion: Lip prints hold potential as supplementary tools for identification where they can be recorded with ease. The observation and classification of lip print patterns in different ethno-racial groups not only provide some useful data but also open a new window to a field that can contribute extensively to criminal investigation and identification.

Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim to explore the authenticity and evidentiary value of imprints of the lips for any peculiar pattern regarding specific gender so that it could be used as a reliable tool in the identification of an individual at the crime scene. Materials and Methods: This study comprised 500 (248 females and 252 males) randomly selected dental students with age ranging from 18 to 30 years. Lip prints were recorded with the help of a cellophane tape strip and analyzed according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Results: The most predominant pattern in the entire study population was found to be Type I in females and Type III in males with highly significant statistical values. It was also demonstrated that no two lip prints were found to match each other which proves that every individual has unique lip prints. This uniqueness can further help in personal identification. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy or lip print analysis can be used to identify an individual and place him/her at the crime scene. It is an important antemortem tool which may aid in justice to the victim.

Introduction: Lip prints, due to their unique patterns are typical to an individual, hence, used for personal identification. They vary in predominance, gender and race among different populations. The objective is to study their distribution among medical students and identify the predominant type. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, from April 2019 to May 2019 after the ethical approval. Convenience sampling was used. The prints were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The collected data was entered in SPSS to determine the frequency and percentage. Sub group analysis was done on basis of gender and types of lip print. Results: Out of 205 participants, prevalence of type I lip print among medical students is 70 (34.1%). Type I lip print was found to be most common followed by Type II in 57 (27.8%) and Type V in 6 (2.9%). One hundred forty one (68.8%) were male and 64 (31.2%) were female. The predominating pattern in RUQ; LUQ; LLQ; RLQ among male and female is Type I 46 (32.6%) and Type I 39 (27.7%); Type II 39 (27.7%) and Type II 44 (31.2%); Type I 19 (29.7%) and Type II 19 (29.7%); Type I 31 (48.4%)and Type I 27 (42.2%) respectively. Conclusions: Type I was the most common while Type V was the least common lip print. However, there was variation in its frequency and distribution according to the quadrant and sex.

Forensic dentistry plays a pivotal role in identifying deceased individuals when visual or other means of identification are not possible, particularly in the aftermath of mass disasters or criminal activities. Accurate and timely identification of the deceased and injured becomes crucial following events like earthquakes, fires, transport accidents, gunshot incidents, floods, tsunamis, bomb blasts, and terrorist attacks. The process of creating a person's identity is a formidable task, often relying on prevalent methods such as dental, DNA, and fingerprint analyses. Forensic odontology, a specialized field within dentistry, assumes a significant role in identifying individuals in accidents, civil unrest, natural and mass disasters, and crimes related to genocide. In cases where natural teeth are absent, the marking or labeling of dentures becomes essential for personal identification. Teeth's resilience to destruction and decomposition makes dental identification feasible even under extreme conditions. The fundamental principle of forensic dentistry rests on the uniqueness of each individual's oral structure, emphasizing that no two mouths are identical, not even in the case of twins. The purpose of this review is to explore the role of forensic dentistry in identifying individuals through various methods such as denture labeling, cheiloscopy, radiographs, bite mark analysis, rugoscopy, salivary signature, age and sex estimation, dental DNA identification, individual characteristics, and denture marking. Based on detailed ante-mortem records from dental specialists, which are compared to postmortem data during investigations, forensic dentistry is a trustworthy technique for identifying deceased individuals and criminals., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Emam et al.)

In every criminal inquiry, identification is of utmost importance. Cheiloscopy is a technique used in forensic investigation that focuses on identifying people from their lip prints. Just like fingerprints, each person's lip crease pattern is unique. Moreover, Lip prints are seen to remain consistent throughout an individual's life. Lip prints can therefore be used to confirm if a person was at the crime scene or not. Cheiloscopy is used to examine the sulci labiorum, or "lip prints," which are the wrinkling and furrows on the labial mucosa that produce a distinctive pattern. The current review article focuses on the potential of cheiloscopy as a vital role player in the process of criminal investigation by detecting and identifying individual(s)., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa called as sulci labiorum form a characteristic pattern called ‘lip prints’. It is usually used in forensic investigation. Gender and face shape classification from lip print is an important procedure in forensic anthropology in order to identify the gender of a criminal, their face shape type and narrow down the scope of suspects search. Each individual has a unique lip print hence this can be useful for identification. Aim: To correlate between the type of lip prints in relation to gender and facial form among third year students in Saveetha Dental College. Method: The study group comprised of 25 females and 25 males. The materials used were lipstick, white bond paper, cellophane tape and a brush for applying the lipstick. The data obtained will be analysed on the lip print pattern and its correlation to the face shape and gender Result: The most common type of lip print for both females and males are type 1 lip print. As for face shape, round face shape is most common in females, meanwhile square and heart face shape is most common in male population. Conclusion: There is no correlation between face shape, type of lip print and gender. Further study should be done to demonstrate a more accurate reason with wider field of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wrinkles and grooves on the labial mucosa called sulci labiorum forms a characteristic pattern called as lip prints. The study of lip print is cheiloscopy it is used as an identification tool in the forensic department these days since lip prints are unique as fingerprints in each individual’s. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the lip prints of North Indians and South Indians and to analyze its uniqueness. Materials and Methods: The study group consists of 100 people, which included both 50 North Indians and 50 South Indians. The subjects had no lesions on their lips and they were not sensitive to lipsticks. A single coat of lipstick was applied on the subject’s lips evenly, not too thick. The subjects were asked to keep their lips in a closed and resting state, and a strip of cellophane tape was used to take the lip print impression. The grooves and furrows in the impression were clearly examined using a magnifying glass, and the type of lip print was identified. The number of lines and furrows, length, branching, and combination was noted and recorded. Then, the lip prints were compiled, analyzed, and interpreted. Results: Lip prints are unique like our thumbprint and in correlation of lip prints among North Indians and South Indian, Type 2 was dominant in North Indian upper right lip; Type 1a was dominant in South Indian. Type 1a was dominant in both North Indian and South Indian upper left lip. Type 2 was dominant in both North Indian and South Indian lower right lip Type 2 was dominant in North Indian lower left lip; Type 1a was dominant in South Indian lower left lip. Conclusion: Lip prints are unique and it can be used for identification purposes. Among North Indians and South Indians, Type 2 and Type 1a were most predominant in both the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identity is an attribute of a mankind which makes him or her unique. Cheiloscopy is one of the sciences which is used to study and examine the lip prints pattern in order to establish the personal identity in Forensic Medicine. Objective: To categorize lip patterns in female population of different divisions of Punjab, Pakistan according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: The present study was conducted on 357 female medical students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. Period: March-June, 2018. Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent students were asked to stand erect and their lip prints were taken on the glass slide. Next carbon black powder was dispensed on the slide and the latent lip print pattern was obtained. The slide was preserved by using cellophane tape and lip print patterns were scanned. These patterns were then categorized according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification by using Software Adobe Photoshop version 6.0. Results: The results showed that most participants were from central Punjab (70%) followed by Southern Punjab (19%), Western Punjab (9.6%) and Northern Punjab (1.4%). The most common lip print pattern was Type I (66%), second was Type II (17.3%), then Type IV (7.1%), after that Type III (5.1%), Type I'(2.5%) & last was Type V (1.7%). Conclusion: The most common lip print pattern in females of Punjab, Pakistan is Type I while the least common is Type V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most transgenders in India reside in secluded or in outskirts of society with very low status; they are often addressed in a very derogatory manner by the society. The Indian sub-continent displays a variety of studies undertaken by the cheiloscopic experts and most researchers could differentiate the two genders due to their characteristic lip pattern. Many of them carried out double blind study inorder to identify the gender on the basis of lip-patterns identified by them. But the "third gender" was left out and never taken into consideration. Present cheiloscopic study throws light on various lip-patterns present in them and whether they have characteristic patterns. The paper also reviews the relevance of various studies undertaken in Indian Subcontinent, social problems existing in transgenders and further explains cheiloscopic relevance in forensics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim is to study the different patterns and uniqueness of the lip prints in relation to gender significance. Objective: The present study is to analyze the different patterns, uniqueness in different individual on the basis of lip prints. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 50 individuals of Saveetha Dental College, in 25 females and 25 males in the age of 15-20 were included in the study. The lip prints were taken on the individuals without having any lesions on their lips and who are sensitive to the lipstick are excluded in this study. The prints were analyzed and data were expressed as graph bar. Results: The present study has observed that patterns of lip prints were differ between individuals to individual. Conclusion: The present study thus concluded that the studying various patterns of lips (cheiloscopy) add a knowledge in the field of forensic science and it could be the best tool to be incorporate along with other crime investigating tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cheiloscopy deals with the study of elevations and depressions which form a characteristic pattern on the external surface of the lips. Lip grooves are considered to be unique and analogous to the fingerprint. The aim of the research was to determine the type of grooves on healthy lips of men and women using lip prints in a sample of Croatian population, to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between men and women in the types of grooves and to determine whether there are any differences between male and female lip prints. Material and methods: A randomly selected sample of Croatian population consisted of 40 male and 50 female subjects. The samples of lip grooves were classified according to Tsuchihashi classification. Results: The research has shown that most women in Croatia belong to Type 2 (40.0%), followed by Type 1 (34.0%), Type 3 (12.0%), Type 4 (8.0%), and Type 5 (6.0%) which is of less importance. Most Croatian men belong to Type 3 (35.0%) and Type 2 (25.0%). A small number of men belong to Type 4 (15.0%), Type 5 (12.5%) and Type1 (12.5%). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between men and women regarding the types of lip grooves.

Introduction: Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. The study of lip prints (cheiloscopy) was thought of as a method of identification of a person. It is safe to assume that cheiloscopy, in its present stage of development, has become a means of criminal identification dealing with lip prints. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the lip prints of different individuals in various parts of the lip, to find out the incidence of any particular pattern in relation to specific gender, to ascertain the authenticity of lip prints as a tool for identification of an individual and establish its evidentiary value. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 500 subjects, which included 250 males (4 twins) and 250 females, in the age group of 18-30 years. After application of lipstick evenly, the lip print of each subject was obtained on a simple bond paper. The lip prints of each individual were scanned using an image scanner set at a resolution of 600 dpi for better interpretation. Results: We had correctly matched the gender of 487 individuals out of 500 samples taken. We also found that no lip prints were similar among the 500 subjects and even in twins. Interpretation and Conclusion: Along with other traditional methods, cheiloscopy can also serve as a very important tool in the identification of a person based on the characteristic arrangement of lines and grooves appearing on the red portion of the lips. It can be used for sex determination and personal identification for forensic purposes.

Background: The lip print pattern is a unique among individuals and thus helps in the identification during the forensic investigation. Lip print analysis in the forensic scene may help in the personal identification. Thus, correlating the lip print with the finger print and gender will create a new room in forensic dentistry investigation. Aim: This study aims to identify the lip and finger print pattern and to correlate lip and finger print pattern for gender identification. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 students from dental institution were included in this study. Of which, 50 were male and 50 were female.. Their aged range between 18 and 28 years with a mean age of 21.3 years. The physiological rest position of the lip print was recorded by the application of red or dark pink colored lipstick over the lips and the imprint was transferred over a white chart sheet through a transparent tape. The imprint of the finger was taken directly on a white chart sheet. The lip and finger print pattern was examined with magnifying lens. The results were analyzed using SPSS software 19.0 (Armonk, NY, USA) and presented as a descriptive statistics. A correlation of lip print with finger print and gender variation was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Results: The study identified higher prevalence of Type II (34%) lip print pattern in the overall study population. In males, Type I lip print (42%) and plain loop finger print pattern (44%) was frequent in the study. In males, the correlation of lip and finger print patter showed weaker correlation and statistically insignificant (P = 0.436). In females, Type II lip print (34%) and plain loop finger print pattern (42%) was frequent in the study. In females, the correlation of the lip and finger print pattern showed weaker correlation with approachable statistical significance (P = 0.083). The correlation of lip and finger print with gender showed weaker correlation and approachable significance (P = 0.07). The association of lip and finger print in the study showed statistically insignificant. However, the association of Type III lip print pattern with loop finger print pattern showed statistical significant association (P = 0.05) by Chi-square analysis. Conclusion: Lip print analysis is a challenging area in the personal identification during forensic dentistry examination. The study revealed the weaker correlation and approachable significance of lip and finger print pattern in gender identification. Future studies should be encouraged in the direction of software based identification for lip and finger print analysis in gender identification. Such studies may benefit this study pattern in more accurate way.

Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analyzed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Results A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n=76, 30.2%, and without habits n=176, 69.8%) were analyzed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p=0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. Conclusion There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications., (Copyright © 2023 The American Dental Hygienists’ Association.)

Introduction: Early detection of susceptibility to dental caries by studying its genetic basis by effectively utilizing noninvasive, less expensive, and effective tools is gaining popularity. Cariogenesis is affected by a combination of environmental and behavioral factors. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of dermatoglyphic, cheiloscopic, and rugoscopic patterns for assessing the risk of dental caries in children. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 children aged 3–7 years who were divided into two groups based on their decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT/deft) index. Fingerprints, lip prints, and rugae patterns were recorded and analyzed. Results: The most common fingerprints patterns in the children with higher deft scores were loop pattern (52%), followed by whorls (32%) and arches (16%). The branched pattern of lip prints was found to be the most prevalent in all children irrespective of their caries status. Among palatal rugae shapes, wavy was found to be the most prevalent (54%) one in our study population, irrespective of the deft scores. Considering the palatal rugae unifications, it was found that converging type was significantly (P = 0.032) more prevalent in children with less deft scores (32%) compared to those with high deft caries (14%). Conclusion: Palatal rugae unifications have proved to be a good marker of dental caries. Among the various genes that may be playing a role in caries formation, BCOR and BCORL1 genes may also be playing a role in the development of palate and the rugae patterns and also in the development of enamel, which is known to be the most vulnerable dental tissue to dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare lip prints and palatal rugae pattern in Kerala, Karnataka, and Manipuri population. Materials and Methods: The study involved 180 individuals (60 each from Karnataka, Kerala, and Manipuri population). Lipstick was used to record lip prints, which were visualized by magnifying lens. Palatal rugae were recorded on maxillary casts of all subjects and analyzed following Kapali S et al.' s classification. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 for Windows software was used for analysis. Results: Among the study population, most frequent lip print pattern was Type 3 and least was Type 1'. When patterns were compared between groups, Type 3 was the most common in Manipuri and Kerala and Type 3 in Karnataka groups. In the entire population, males showed Type 3 and females showed Type 1. On analysis of overall rugae wavy, forward and divergence patterns were predominant. On comparison of gender, males demonstrated greater number of wavy and perpendicular rugae, and females had curved, straight, forward, and backward. Conclusion: Both cheiloscopy and rugoscopy have the prospective to recognize an individual. Cheiloscopy is more reliable than rugoscopy in making out the group and gender of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief Background Examination of lip prints called cheiloscopy is first recognized by Fischer R.S. Lip prints do not change during the life of a person. Lip prints of parents, children and siblings have shown some similarities. It has been suggested that variation in lip print patterns among males and females could help in gender determination. Aim To assess the use of lip prints for gender determination among dental professional students in institution. Materials and Methods Fifty dental professionals were included in the study. The study included 25 males and 25 females. Lipstick was applied on upper and lower lip. An impression was taken with a strip of transparent cellophane tape and sticked to a white bond paper for evaluation of lip prints. Evaluation was done using Suzuki.T and Tsuchihashi Y.T criteria. Results Most of the subjects were in the age group of 16-20 years. The distribution and number of lip prints were more in females when compared to males. Type II lip patterns were more common followed by type III. Summary and Conclusions Cheiloscopy could be a supplemental tool along with other methods for gender determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent lanthanum oxyfluoride nano inorganic materials were considered to be prospective building blocks for multifunctional applications. This offers new potentials in surface-based science comprising of visualization of latent fingerprint (LFPs) and lips print on non-porous surfaces. Traditional visualization techniques possess high backward hindrance, low sensitivity, complicated setup and poor visibility. To overcome with these problems, LaOF:Sm 3+ (5 mol%) nanopowder (NPs) prepared via sonochemical route were explored. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra exhibit strong emission peaks at ∼566 nm, 607 nm, 653 nm and 708 nm attributed to 4 G 5/2  →  6 H 5/2 , 4 G 5/2  →  4 H 7/2 , 4 G 5/2  →  6 H 9/2 and 4 G 5/2  →  6 H 11/2 intra-4f orbital transitions of Sm 3+ ions respectively. Estimated photometric properties confirm that the material emits warm orange red color. Therefore, the synthesized phosphor materials may quite be useful for LFPs recovery, cheiloscopy and optoelectronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to specify the method with the highest probability of correct sex identification based on lip furrow pattern. Three methods were verified: Vahanwala's method, identification based on the mid-section of lower lip print and our own method. The examined group included 242 persons aged 15- 30 years, 68.6% females and 31.4% males. Cheilograms were taken with the method proposed by Vanahwala, modified in such a way that the prints of lower and upper lips were taken separately. The lip furrow patterns were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, modified to include horizontal furrows which were considered by Renaud. In all the quadrants patterns II, III and VI prevailed among males and patterns I, I' and II among females. Females were more frequently diagnosed correctly than males. Our method in which all the lip print was analysed without division into quadrants was the most effective, while Vahanwala's method was the least so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and to assess an algorithm to facilitate lip print visualization, and to digitally analyze lip prints on different supports, by superimposition. It also aimed to classify lip prints according to sex. A batch image processing algorithm was developed, which facilitated the identification and extraction of information about lip grooves. However, it performed better for lip print images with a uniform background. Paper and glass slab allowed more correct identifications than glass and the both sides of compact disks. There was no significant difference between the type of support and the amount of matching structures located in the middle area of the lower lip. There was no evidence of association between types of lip grooves and sex. Lip groove patterns of type III and type I were the most common for both sexes. The development of systems for lip print analysis is necessary, mainly concerning digital methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the red part of the human lips there is a system of grooves which creates a characteristic pattern that is unique for every person. Based on its uniqueness, durability, constancy and rehabilitation capabilities, lip prints are recommended as an appropriate method in the process of personal identification. We focused on determining the most frequently occurring pattern and on intersexual differences in lip prints in the population studied. We obtained the lip prints from 100 individuals (50 men and 50 women) at the aged of 18-40. We took the prints on the paper with a lipstick and an adhesive tape and evaluated them according to the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The most common pattern in the entire sample was type II (branched grooves), which also dominated by men and for women it was type I (complete vertical). Overall, we recorded the lowest occurrence in type I' (incomplete vertical) and type V (indeterminate). By statistical analysis, we found the difference between men and women, which has shown mainly on the upper lip in the first and second quadrant. In the lower lip, we did not notice statistically significant deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Establishment of individuality is the basic concept of the humanity, which formulates personal identity. Forensic medicine is basically the science of identification and during last few decades multiple research work has been conducted for detection of different methods of identification to establish a baseline of identity e.g. dental data, fingerprinting, DNA analysis, anthropometry, identification of sex, assessment of age, determination of height and blood groups identification. Among these, DNA analysis and dental data provide easiest identifications, however, these techniques are expensive and not readily available necessitating additional techniques for identification. One of such novel approach is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip print patterns. Methodology: In order to investigate the lip prints-based identification, a study was conducted in the Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Lahore. A total of 125 female and 125 male student subjects were selected from all years of MBBS students Session 2016. Results: After detailed study and evaluation of lip patterns of 250 subjects, 96 males and 105 females were correctly identified based upon lip prints. Conclusion: Lip prints can and should be included in the forensic sciences as a means of establishment of individuality especially for criminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Human identification is a universal process of certification of death and for personal, social and legal reasons. Aim of this study is to check whether there are any peculiar / common lip patterns among males and females and to establish lip prints as a tool for identification. Background: The present study was conducted among 500 subjects, aged 1-70 years. Method: The lip-imprints were taken by researcher no. 1 on a simple bond paper after applying lip stick evenly. Analysis of different patterns was done by researcher no.2 to avoid bias. Results: 229 male out of 250 and 226 female out of 250 were positively identified. Type I, I’, II patterns were most commonly seen among female, while type III and IV lip patterns were most predominantly seen among males and type II lip pattern was present in both sexes. Conclusion: Lip prints are unique and do not change during the life of a person. So it can be taken as one of the person identification tool.

Background: Although several studies have been done on lip prints for human identification in forensic science, there is a doubt about their use in gender determination. Aims: The present study was designed to study the lip groove patterns in all the quadrants of both male and female subjects to identify the sex, based on the patterns of the grooves of the lip prints. Study Design: 300 lip prints were collected from volunteers of D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar (UP). Materials and Methods: Lip prints were recorded with lip stick and transferred on to a glass slide. Statistical Analysis: Pearson chi-square test was adopted for statistical analysis and probability value (P value) was calculated. Conclusion: In our study, none of the lip prints were identical, thus confirming the role of lip prints in individual identification. According to Suzuki′s classification, Type I, II, III and IV patterns were significant in gender determination.

Objective: To assess the correlation between different cheiloscopic patterns with the terminal planes in deciduous dentition. Materials and Methods: Three hundred children who are 3.6 years old with complete primary dentition were recruited, and the pattern of molar terminal plane was recorded in the pro forma. Lip prints of these children were recorded with lipstick.cellophane method, and the middle 10 mm of lower lip was analyzed for the lip print pattern as suggested by Sivapathasundharam et al. The pattern was classified based on Tsuchihashi and Suzuki classification. Results: Type II (branched) pattern was the most predominant cheiloscopic pattern. The predominant patterns which related to the terminal planes were as follows: Type IV (reticular) and Type V (irregular) pattern for mesial step, Type IV (reticular) pattern for distal step, and Type I (complete vertical) pattern for flush terminal plane. No significant relationship was obtained on gender comparison. Conclusion: Lip prints can provide an alternative to dermatoglyphics to predict the terminal plane in primary dentition. Further studies with larger sample size are required to provide an insight into its significant correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip prints are very useful in forensic investigations. The objective of this study is to determine predominant lip print pattern found among a central Indian population, to evaluate whether any sex difference exists and to study the permanence of the pattern over a 6 month duration. This study included 200 healthy adult subjects comprising of 100 males and 100 females in the age group of 18–25 years. A convenient and easier method of data collection i.e., digital photography was used instead of the traditional lipstick methods. Lip prints were then divided into four quadrants and recognized as per Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification. Type I (30.63%) was found to be most predominant overall in the Marathi population. Type I (29.75%) and Type III (35.75%) were found most prevalent in males and females respectively. Applying the Chi-Square test, statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05) were observed between male and female lip print patterns in each of the quadrants individually and all quadrants taken together. The lip print patterns remained stable over a period of six-months. Being stable and with significant sex differences, lip prints can be effectively used as an important tool in forensic investigations for individualization as well as identification of sex of the donor, thus, narrowing down the scope of investigation to almost half. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context (Background): Lips prints are unique and are a tool for personal identification.Aims: Indian population can be divided into different ethno-racial groups. In this study, we aimed at finding the most and the least prevalent lip print patterns in these groups and also to observe any similarities or differences that may exist in these groups in terms of lip print patterns.Settings and Design: Lip prints in 755 individuals categorized into different ethno-racial groups were studied.Materials and Methods: Brown- and pink-colored lipsticks, cellophane tape, and magnifying lens were used to record and study the lip prints.Results: Among all the three ethno-racial groups, Type I was the most prevalent lip print pattern observed. The least prevalent lip print pattern in all the three groups was Type IV. Inference/Conclusion: Lip prints hold potential as supplementary tools for identification where they can be recorded with ease. The observation and classification of lip print patterns in different ethno-racial groups not only provide some useful data but also open a new window to a field that can contribute extensively to criminal investigation and identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the case-control study the correlation of cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics with genetic inheritance in patients with cleft palate and cleft lip. Topics mentioned include the finding of the asymmetry in lip and finger print patterns of two group of participants, the group of healthy parents with a child that has nonsyndromic clef while the other group has healthy children without cleft disorders, and the results that show the correlation in parents of children with cleft.

lip print patterns, fingerprint patterns in relation to gender and ABO Rh blood groups among a semi-urban population of Sriganganagar, Rajasthan. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 1200 healthy volunteers aged 18-30 years. The cheiloscopic and dermatographic data of each subject were obtained and were analysed according to the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi and Henry systems of classification, respectively. Two forensic experts analyzed the patterns independently. The ABO Rh blood group was also recorded for each subject. The Chi square statistical analysis was done and tests were considered significant when p value <0.001 and Cohen kappa test was applied to analyze inter-observer reliability. Results. The B+ blood group was noted as most common in both genders while least common were A- among males and AB- in females. Type II lip pattern was most predominant while the least common was Type I' in males and Type I' and Type V in females. The UL fingerprint pattern was the most common, while RL was least noted in both genders. All the fingerprint patterns showed correlation with different lip print patterns. A correlation was found between different blood groups and lip print patterns except Type I (vertical) lip pattern. A positive correlation was observed between all the blood groups and fingerprint patterns, except for RL pattern. Conclusion. There is an association between lip print patterns, fingerprint patterns and ABO blood groups in both the genders. Thus, correlating the uniqueness of these physical evidences sometimes helps the forensic team members in accurate personal identification or it can at least narrow the search for an individual where there are no possible data referring to the identity of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In forensic identification, the mouth allows for a myriad of possibilities. Dental data is vastly used for positive identification of person, but nowadays other oral data such as palatal prints and lip prints are used for the process of identification, the object of which is to identify and register individuals for both civil and criminal purposes. Aim and Objective: To check whether there are any peculiar / common lip patterns among males and females and to establish lip prints as a tool for identification. Study Design: It's a cross sectional Prospective study. Method: It was conducted on the children who are studying in fourth standard to Tenth standard in the Government school at Pathancheru. 200 subjects were selected irrespective of their caste, religion, dietary habits & socio-economic status. Observation: Among males, it was found that intersected pattern was most common in compartments 1, 3 and 4, while the least common pattern in lip compartments 1, 2, was Undetermined. On evaluation of the lip prints of the females, compartments 1, 2 exhibited intersected pattern predominantly. However, in compartment 3 and 4, branched pattern was commonest. Conclusion: Lip prints are useful in personal identification and they differ from person to person even not similar in uniovular twins. Study showed that cellophane tape and lipstick can be easily used to retrieve lip prints. Lip print analysis is a process that can provides both qualitative and quantitative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in detection and resolution of crime, civil proceedings and personal identification. With ever‑increasing demands placed upon law enforcement to provide sufficient physical evidence linking a perpetrator to a crime, it makes sense to utilize any type of physical characteristic to identify a suspect of an offense. The least invasive and cost‑effective procedure among all methods of human identification is the study of lip prints and fingerprints. This study is done to determine the predominant pattern of fingerprint and lip print in males and females and to correlate it for gender identification. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) aged between 20 and 50 years; dark‑colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips. The glued portion of cellophane tape was dabbed first in the center and then pressed uniformly over the corner of lips. Cellophane tape was then stuck to a white chart sheet for the purpose of permanent record. Lip print patterns were analyzed following the classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The imprint of left thumb was taken on a white chart sheet using a blue ink stamp pad and visualized using magnifying lens. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Kücken. Correlation of lip print and fingerprint was analyzed using Chi‑square test. Results: The overall correlation of lip prints with fingerprints in males revealed branched lip pattern associated with whorl fingerprint and in females as vertical lip print pattern associated with loop fingerprint. Conclusion: We conclude that the study between lip print and fingerprint can aid in gender determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print analysis, or cheiloscopy, has the potential to join fingerprints and retinal scans as an additional method to determine human identification. This preliminary study sought to determine agreement among 20 raters, forensic odontologists, using an often referenced system that categorizes lip prints into six classes related to the dominant pattern of vertical, horizontal, and intersecting lines. Lip prints were taken from 13 individuals, and raters categorized eight distinct regions of each print. In addition to ratings made while viewing the actual prints, the raters repeated the exercise using photographs of the lip prints. Multirater kappa, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, ranged between 0.15 for the actual prints and 0.25 for the photos, indicating only poor to fair levels of inter-rater reliability. While these results fail to support the use of lip prints for human identification, it is possible that more intensive training may yet produce adequate levels of reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is soaring high in the recent times. There is an ardent search in the scientific community for a reliable and cheap early predictor which can serve the purpose of mass screening of a genetically vulnerable population. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the predictive role of cheiloscopy on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several studies have established the association of dermatoglyphics with diabetes. However, results are still far from satisfaction. Thus, we also evaluated fingerprint analysis along with cheiloscopy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 uncontrolled T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls. Lip prints were obtained using lipstick and cellophane paper analyzed and classified using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification. Fingerprints were obtained using kajal stick, analyzed and classified using Henry's system of classification. Results: Type IV pattern of lip prints was found significantly more in the diabetic patients. Howbeit, fingerprint analysis did not reveal any significant association with diabetes. Conclusion: The present study showed a ray of hope for application of cheiloscopy as a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis of T2DM which can be used in mass screening. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human identification process follows the principles of the theory of uniqueness. Fingerprint analysis uses the same theory to convince the court of law. Similarly the lip print is also unique to an individual and hence is nowadays very useful in the identification purpose. The external surface of lips has many elevations and depressions forming a characteristic pattern called lip prints, examination of which is known as 'Cheiloscopy'. The study group comprised of 15 male and 15 female subjects. The materials used were lipstick, lip-brush, cellophane tape, bond paper and a case performa. This study showed that the lip prints are unique to an individual and can be reliably used for the recognition of the sex of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]