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Funding: The work was funded under the Scottish Government Demonstration Strategy (Project no. USA/010/14)and as part of the Department of Energy and Climate Change’s Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment programme, with additional resources from the Natural Environment Research Council (grant numbers: NE/R014639/1 and SMRU1001). 1. Many marine industries may pose acute risks to marine wildlife. For example, tidal turbines have the potential to injure or kill marine mammals through collisions with turbine blades. However, the quantification of collision risk is currently limited by a lack of suitable technologies to collect long‐term data on marine mammal behaviour around tidal turbines. 2. Sonar provides a potential means of tracking marine mammals around tidal turbines. However, its effectiveness for long‐term data collection is hindered by the large data volumes and the need for manual validation of detections. Therefore, the aim here was to develop and test automated classification algorithms for marine mammals in sonar data. 3. Data on the movements of harbour seals were collected in a tidally energetic environment using a high‐frequency multibeam sonar on a custom designed seabed‐mounted platform. The study area was monitored by observers to provide visual validation of seals and other targets detected by the sonar. 4. Sixty‐five confirmed seals and 96 other targets were detected by the sonar. Movement and shape parameters associated with each target were extracted and used to develop a series of classification algorithms. Kernel support vector machines were used to classify targets (seal vs. nonseal) and cross‐validation analyses were carried out to quantify classifier efficiency. 5. The best‐fit kernel support vector machine correctly classified all the confirmed seals but misclassified a small percentage of non‐seal targets (~8%) as seals. Shape and non‐spectral movement parameters were considered to be the most important in achieving successful classification. 6. Results indicate that sonar is an effective method for detecting and tracking seals in tidal environments, and the automated classification approach developed here provides a key tool that could be applied to collecting long‐term behavioural data around anthropogenic activities such as tidal turbines. Postprint

With consideration to research nature, scope of available materials and industrial feature, we investigate cultivation of professionals in the three new marine industries such as marine energy, marine bio-industry and submarine hydrothermal deposits development. More specific, we investigate trends of marine science and technology manpower at the national level in Korea nurturing policy to forecast mid and long term expert manpower demand and to respond to trends and forecasts of major fields. Cultivation of necessary professionals is an essential prerequisite for growth of new marine industry and its contribution to national economy. Because the new marine industry was recently introduced, the established system and policies for professionals in science and technology did not reflect demand for this new industry, which requires improvement. Since new marine industry is a new field, it is difficult for customized talent to be supplied directly from existing manpower training system. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate talented people with fused thinking and ability. In the existing system, it is necessary to strengthen efforts to develop professional manpower with fusion competence, and it is also necessary to make policy efforts to build a new system such as cooperation process.

Practical Education for High level students it is a very important task for every University. Companies have to be involved in the students Practical Engineering Education, considering their know-how and economic support. A very modern and efficient Practical Education has been offered by Alewijnse Holding BV Company, Nijmegen Holland, for Computers, Automation, Electrical and Electronic faculty students in Galati Dunarea de Jos University and is presented in the paper.

The more important and global role the marine transportation has taken nowadays suggests that a larger number of skilled workforce are currently in demand. New technologies and efficient information management create an opportunity for better service, more reliable operation and profit. This paper mainly analyses the current situation with skills development and education schemes for marine transportation in different countries. Statistical data from sample countries was collected and compared through different management levels, education forms and job groups. The conclusions of the paper show that the available training schemes and education programmes for skills development on marine transport are unsatisfactory in the countries under study. For the marine industry to ensure a steady growth in a long run, improvements in the current skills development schemes supported by the deployment and implementation of advanced technology in the future are needed.

Sandwich composite materials are widely used within the marine industry, particularly as hull panels. Water impact loads, known as slamming, can be very significant for these structures, particularly for high-speed craft. These loadings generate local regions of high transverse shear forces near panel boundaries, which can result in transverse shear failures of core materials. The transient nature of slamming loads can cause stress rates that are high enough to affect the strength of the core material, particularly for polymeric foams. Despite the significant body of work on the constitutive behaviour and failure mechanics of sandwich core materials, there is a lack of understanding of how core materials fail in transverse shear during slamming events. There is also only very limited knowledge of how the core shear strengths measured using standardised, often quasi-static material coupon testing relate to their behaviour in a panel-slamming situation. This paper contributes in two novel areas; controlled experimental characterisation of the failure mechanics of sandwich panels subjected to water slamming to understand and quantify the strength of different polymeric core materials, comparison of the failure modes and transverse shear strength of slam-loaded sandwich panels to predictions from material coupon properties. Core types include low, medium and high elongation polymeric foams. The results demonstrate that the more ductile foams perform better as panel structures under slamming relative to their quasi-static properties compared with the more brittle cores. Prediction of the strength of a panel is shown to be highly dependent on the load distribution and whether the static or dynamic core strength is considered. The results support empirical experience that ductile foams perform well under slamming loads, and that high-elongation materials can perform better in slamming situations than predicted by their quasi-static strengths.

Marine economy is an economic activity carried out in the sea and land areas whose activities are still related to marine resources. The marine sector is defined as seven sectors, namely: fisheries, marine tourism, mining, marine industry, sea transportation (marine transportation), marine building, marine services. This study used descriptive and impact analysis in the national Input-Output Table in 2010. The total output of the marine sector accounted for 27.39% of total national output. The GDP value in the marine sector is able to contribute 30.32% of the total national GDP. From the results of calculations regarding the analysis of the multiplier numbers by output, the formation of new output in the economy was 1.4087 units. Analysis of multiplier numbers by job opportunities causes an increase in employment opportunities by an average of 0.1451 units. The majority of the sectors of maritime tourism show high distribution power. The largest sub-sector with a sensitivity index value is the trade service sub-sector, which is 1.4608. Key words: descriptive analysis, impact analysis, marine economy, I-O table

China is facing the challenge of many marine environment problems with rapid economic growth. Japan had experienced similar marine environmental pressure during its industrialization and ha...

Perception of the importance of the marine industry is crucial for marine policy measures. Based on China's input–output tables for 2002, 2007, and 2012, this study disaggregates 12 major marine sectors as exogenous and assesses the impacts of China's marine industry by determining the inter-industry linkage effect, the production-inducing effect, the sectoral supply shortage effect, and the employment-inducing effect. These models are effective in estimating the contribution of the marine industry and explore the evolution of marine industrial structure. Finally, policy applications are proposed to provide reliable and useful information for China's policymakers to promote marine policies and manage the marine system.

Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPSs) are now run routinely by many global weather centres but, despite the enormous potential these forecasts offer, their perceived complexity has long presented a barrier to effective adoption by many users; limiting the opportunity for early decision-making by industry. To facilitate the interpretation of a set of (potentially seemingly contradictory) forecasts, a sensible approach is to turn the prediction into a binary (yes/no) forecast by applying a user-relevant operational weather limit – with the decision to proceed with or postpone an operation based on whether a certain proportion of the members predict un-/favourable conditions. However, the question then remains as to how the appropriate probability threshold to achieve an optimum decision can be objectively defined. Here, we present two approaches for simplifying the interpretation of ensemble (probabilistic) ocean wave forecasts out to 15 days ahead, as pioneered – in operation – in Summer 2020 to support the recent weather sensitive installation of the first phase of a 36 km subsea pipeline in the North Sea. Categorical verification information was constructed from 1460 archive wave forecasts, issued for the two-year period 2017 to 2018, and used to characterise the past performance of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) EPS in the form of Receiver Operating Characteristic and Relative Economic Value analysis. These data were then combined with a bespoke parameterization of the impact of adverse weather on the planned operation, allowing the relevant go/no-go ensemble probability threshold for the interpretation of future forecasts to be determined. Trials on an unseen nine-month period of data from the same site (Spring to Autumn 2019) confirm the approaches facilitate a simple technique for processing/interpreting the ensemble forecast, able to be readily tailored to the particular decision being made. The use of these methods achieves a considerably greater value (benefit) than equivalent deterministic (single) forecasts or traditional climate-based options at all lead times up to 15 days ahead, promising a more robust basis for effective planning than typically considered by the offshore industry. This is particularly important for tasks requiring early identification of long weather windows (e.g. offshore pipeline installation), but similarly relevant for maximising the exploitation of any ensemble forecast – by any sector – providing a practical approach for how such data are handled and used to promote safe, efficient and successful operations.

In the new era, the development level of marine industry in Zhejiang province has been improved rapidly, and a series of marine development concepts and requirements have been implemented one after another, which plays an important role in improving the current situation of marine environment. With the deepening of marine development, the current situation of marine environment in the new era has become complex and diverse. How to make the relevant concepts and requirements of marine development to cope with and adapt to various new problems in the development process has become the key to promote the continuous improvement of marine development level.

The ocean has become a new theme of the world economic competition. The development of marine industry is an inevitable measure to stabilize the sustainable and healthy development of China’s national economy. As a leading industry of marine economy, marine tourism has great potential for development.Marine tourism products are the foundation and power source of marine tourism development. The optimization of tourism products plays the most direct and key role in the upgrading of tourism industry. Shanghai, located in the center of Yangtze River Delta, is one of the most developed regions in China. However, with the increasing competition in the tourism market, the development of marine tourism is inevitable.This paper analyzes the general situation of marine tourism resources and the development status of tourism products in Shanghai, and probes into the specific countermeasures for the upgrading of its products, so as to promote the high-efficiency development of marine economy in Shanghai.

The 14th five-year plan emphasizes the importance of marine ecology and environmental protection, and the green concept is incorporated into the high-quality development system of the marine economy. This research used the data of 11 coastal provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2016, based on the super-efficiency slack-based measure model and global Malmquist index model. The objective was to calculate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the marine economy, to study the impact of the evolution of the marine industrial structure on marine economic GTFP. The study found the following: (1) in general, the upgrade of marine industrial structure promoted the growth of marine economic GTFP and presented an inverted “U” trend of initially promoting and then suppressing. Spatially, only the advancement and rationalization of industrial structure in the Yellow and Bohai Sea regions inhibited the growth of marine economic GTFP. In terms of time, the advanced marine industrial structure promoted the growth of GTFP from 2006 to 2010, whereas that of industrial structure inhibited the growth of GTFP from 2011 to 2016. (2) The GTFP of the marine economy showed an increasing trend, but the conversion rate of production technology is low. Falling into the “efficiency trap” of highly advanced technology input and low-efficiency technology output should be avoided. (3) Affected by the mismatch of regional resources or industrial structure, government intervention showed an “opposite” mechanism in areas with different marine economic strengths. Government intervention in areas with higher marine economic strength was conducive to GTFP growth, whereas government intervention in areas with weaker marine economic strength would hinder GTFP growth.

Modern tendencies analysis as for providing an appropriate and sustainable functioning of maritime complex, which consists of marine and river transport with their coastal infrastructure, and also the industries the activity of which is connected with the usage of mineral, energy, biological resources of seas and oceans, resort and recreational and tourist complexes induce to a solution of current issues of development which are under consideration now. Researches were based on the assessment of the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) where it is stated that the tourism contribution in world gross domestic product taking into account indirect effect makes 10%. The total number of jobs which directly concern the sphere of tourism makes 11%. As the mentioned sphere is connected with the activity of more than 50 industries, its development promotes an increase in a level of employment, diversification of the national economy, preservation and development of cultural potential, preservation of the ecological environment and also induces to harmonization of the relations between various countries and nations. Nowadays cruises are one of the most fast-growing sectors of the tourist market in the world. The cruise fleet grows, designs of passenger ships are improved, their amenities increase, new routes are developed. Large cruise companies have most courts. In the world, there are more than 150 sea cruise companies. Important aspects are an improvement of the legislation concerning regulation of the public relations in the sphere of tourism, assistance to the development of interregional and international cooperation, improvement of a business environment and development of fair competition in this sphere. The existence of opportunities and potential in the area, favorable conditions for the development of the sphere of tourism have to be the priority directions in the regulation of development of sea economy of Ukraine., В статье освещены отечественный и мировой опыт в подходах к регулированию и развитию отраслей морского хозяйства и круизного туризма как составной реализации политики модернизации национальной экономики. Изложены результаты анализа предыдущих исследований и углубленное обоснование подходов к оценке современного состояния развития отраслей морского хозяйства и круизного туризма. Доказано, что сбалансированное развитие отраслей морского хозяйства способствует обеспечению координирующей роли государства в реализации национальной туристической политики с применением принципов и методов регулирования, концентрации ресурсов государства на приоритетных задачах развития этой сферы, формировании и развитии информационной системы в круизном туризме и постепенной ее интеграции в мировую информационной туристической сети в современных условиях., У статті висвітлено вітчизняний та світовий досвід у підходах до регулювання та розвитку галузей морського господарства та круїзного туризму як складової реалізації політики модернізації національної економіки. Викладено результати аналізу попередніх досліджень та поглиблене обґрунтування підходів щодо оцінки сучасного стану розвитку галузей морського господарства та круїзного туризму. Доведено, що збалансований розвиток галузей морського господарства сприяє забезпеченню координуючої ролі держави в реалізації національної туристичної політики із застосуванням принципів та методів регулювання, концентрації ресурсів держави на пріоритетних завданнях функціонування цієї сфери, заходів формування та розвитку інформаційної системи в круїзному туризмі та поступовій її інтеграції до світової інформаційної туристичної мережі в сучасних умовах.

During the last decade, considerable efforts have been undertaken to achieve a “good ecological status” of European coastal waters and ensuring the development of methodological standards for the evaluation of this status. However, the current routine biomonitoring implicates time-consuming and costly manual sorting and morphological identification of benthic macrofauna. In our study, we tested the performance of environmental DNA metabarcoding targeting microbial communities and meiofauna as an alternative to traditional macrofauna-based monitoring. We focused on environmental impact assessment of offshore oil and gas industry. We used three genetic markers (18S V1V2, 18S V9 and COI) to assess the environmental pressures induced by the platforms. All markers showed patterns of alpha and beta diversity consistent with morphology-based macrofauna analyses, significantly changing along distance gradients from the platforms. The impact of the operational discharges was also detected by the variation of biotic indices values, AMBI index showing the best correlation between morphological and eDNA datasets. Finally, the sediment physicochemical parameters were used to build a local de novo pressure index that served as benchmark to test the potential of a taxonomy-free approach. Our study demonstrates that metabarcoding approach outperforms morphology-based approach and can be used as a cost and time-saving alternative solution to the traditional morphology-based monitoring in order to monitor more efficiently the impact of industrial activities on marine biodiversity.

While there is an ever increasing collection of domain-specific news, it is difficult for people to identify the important ones from massive information. The challenge lies in that users’ information, e.g., comments and CTR (Click-Through-Rate), may not be available in those professional news articles. In this paper, we develop a deep learning model for important news push service, referred to as HMA, which consists of a Hierarchical attention network and a Multi-head Attention mechanism for non-linear text regression. We conduct the experiments with a dataset of marine industry news to evaluate the performance of the proposed deep learning model. The experiment results show that HMA outperforms other alternative deep learning models due to the hierarchical structure and multi-head attention mechanism. Moreover, the execution time of inference by HMA is less than the computation of TF-IDF when adding the news articles into the news repository. Therefore, the proposed method has the potential for efficiently pushing the important domain-specific news articles without users’ information.

Roll resonance is a condition in which an otherwise stable ship displays unstable roll motions. This phenomenon for monohull vessels is well known to marine industry since long and is now being formally incorporated in the Second-Generation Intact Stability criteria (SGISc) by IMO. Trimaran hullform has also received attention by the researchers and has shown potential to experience roll resonance. Pentamaran hullform have been conceived to reduce resistance of the outriggers by introducing shorter aft side hulls and “flying” forward side hulls. It raised the question about roll resonance characteristics of the novel hullform. This study presents a numerical technique based on the well-established analytical methods available for monohull to identify likelihood of roll resonance in pentamaran hullform. In this work 33 configurations of a pentamaran hullform have been studied to identify the impact of relative positioning of outriggers on the onset of roll resonance. A modified Mathieu equation has been proposed for the numerical evaluation of pentamaran hullform roll resonance. Numerical simulation suggest that pentamaran hullform may suffer roll resonance under certain configurations of side hulls.

With the development of social economy, my country's marine industry has also made considerable progress, and the trend of large-scale ships has become increasingly obvious. In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to the maneuverability of large ships, especially whether large ships can navigate safely in restricted waters. In order to ensure the navigation safety of large ships in restricted waters, this article analyzes the characteristics of restricted waters and the maneuverability of large ships themselves, and analyzes the causes of some maritime accidents. It points out the navigation risks of large ships in restricted waters and proposes safe navigation. Countermeasures: Reasonably adjust the speed and timing of rudder use; maintain a reasonable quay wall distance; maintain a reasonable draught difference; make careful sailing preparations.

Composite fiberglass is a common material used in marine industry to fabricate marine sport equipment, boats, yachts and others. The material is expected to have a performance such as high strength, economic and safety especially related to fire incidents. However, in composite fiberglass, the resin in the system has high flammability properties and becomes the acceleration factor of fire propagation after ignition. The current system is a combination of ATH and APP and produces optimum fire-retardant performance. The mixture with a fire-retardant additive leads to an extra procedure and risk to the mechanical properties of the structure. Thus, this study is conducted to evaluate the mechanical and fire retardants performance of various hybrid multilayer fiberglass composites embedded with aluminum phosphate (0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%), a new fire-retardant additive. The highest mechanical strength was observed in samples with in all samples with 5wt% of aluminum phosphate additive. A combination layer of CSM, WR and CSM shows the optimum result for mechanical strength and fire-retardant properties.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a clean, efficient, and economic energy, which is mainly transported by LNG carriers in the marine industry. Massive storage of LNG has led to public concern about the possible hazards of LNG carriers for people and facilities. This paper aims to determine the appropriate level of a safety zone and to develop an optimized traffic organization scheme. An innovative ECSO framework is proposed to deal with these two tasks. The results of the comparative analysis show that the influence degree of the optimized scheme is 21%, which is distinctly lower than the previous scheme (33%). To some content, the proposed framework can provide meaningful enlightenments for stakeholders to improve port service level and ensure the safe operation of LNG carriers.

The form design of modern passenger ships is becoming increasingly complex. Facade panels and elements made of panels or sheets by traditional methods have limited design possibilities and, particularly complex or double-curved shapes are difficult and expensive to manufacture. In addition, cruise companies are constantly looking for new solutions that can entice customers to choose their particular cruises. There would be a demand for new manufacturing methods if their feasibility could be assessed and realised. This study charts the fabrication of facade panels and architectural elements for passenger ships using additive manufacturing techniques. The study evaluates the feasibility of such 3D prints and creates processes for design and manufacturing so that methods of additive manufacturing can be introduced in the future. Two case studies of façade elements were selected and their preliminary concepts were used to create and evaluate the processes involved. Material requirements were also defined for the cases, although no final material selection was made. The target cases did not achieve the desired weight savings, but that is estimated to be possible with further development. The work charts the requirements of the environment, the current possibilities for 3D prints in the maritime industry, and the suitability of prints for selected case studies. Of the environmental requirements, fire safety requlations set by International Maritime Organisation and the degradative effect of the tropical environment on polymers were found to be the most important. The study was conducted as part of the NOVUM EU horizon 2020 project. The material extrusion method was selected as the manufacturing method, and the process study was carried out with reference to this manufacturing method, but it has also been made suitable with little alterations for other printing methods. The pilot line to be developed in the NOVUM project will use material extrusion method. The process study identified a major impact of design expertise and knowledge of the printing process on the feasibility of prints and highlighted potential pitfalls in the process. Nykyaikaisien matkustajalaivojen muotokieli monimutkaistuu jatkuvasti. Perinteisin menetelmin levyistä valmistetut julkisivupaneelit ja elementit ovat muotoilumahdollisuuksiltaan rajoittuneita ja etenkin monimutkaiset tai kaksoiskaarevat muodot ovat vaikeita ja kalliita valmistaa. Lisäksi risteilyvarustamot etsivät jatkuvasti uusia ratkaisuja, joilla voivat houkutella asiakkaita valitsemaan juuri heidän risteilynsä. Kysyntää uusille valmistusmenetelmille olisi, mikäli niiden kannattavuus pystytään arvioimaan ja toteuttamaan. Tämä tutkimus kartoittaa matkustajalaivojen julkisivupaneelien ja arkkitehtuuristen elementtien valmistusta materiaalia lisäävällä valmistustekniikalla. Tutkimuksessa arvioidaan tällaisten 3D tulosteiden kannattavuutta sekä luodaan prosessit suunnittelulle ja valmistukselle, jotta lisäävän valmistuksen menetelmiä voidaan ottaa käyttöön tulevaisuudessa. Kaksi julkisivuelementtien esimerkkitapausta valittiin ja niihin suunniteltiin alustavat konseptit, joita käytettiin prosessin luomisessa ja arvioinnissa. Tapauksille määritettiin myös vaatimukset materiaaleille, vaikkakin lopullista materiaalivalintaa ei tehty. Esimerkkitapauksista ei saatu tavoiteltuja painosäästöjä, mutta jatkokehityksellä niiden arvioidaan olevan mahdollisia. Työssä kartoitetaan ympäristön asettamia vaatimuksia, tämänhetkisiä mahdollisuuksia 3D tulosteille meriteollisuudessa, sekä tulosteiden sopivuutta valittuihin esimerkkitapauksiin. Ympäristön asettamista vaatimuksista havaittiin tärkeimmiksi Kansainvälisen merenkulkujärjestön asettamat paloturvallisuusvaatimukset ja trooppisen ympäristön polymeerejä rappeuttava vaikutus. Tutkimus tehtiin osana NOVUM EU horizon 2020 -projektia. Valmistusmenetelmäksi valikoitui materiaalin pursotusmenetelmät ja prosessitutkimus tehtiin tähän valmistusmenetelmään suuntautuen, mutta se on tehty myös soveltumaan muihin tulostusmenetelmiin soveltuvaksi. NOVUM-projektissa kehitettävä pilottilinja käyttää kyseistä materiaalin pursotusmenetelmää. Prosessitutkimuksessa tunnistettiin suunnitteluosaamisen ja tulostusprosessin tuntemisen suuri vaikutus tulosteiden kannattavuuteen ja tuotiin esille mahdollisia prosessin sudenkuoppia.

This document will analyse one of the vital processes whose purpose is to control the effectiveness of the system each shipping company both on board and ashore is implementing in order to follow the prescribed regulations. This process is called Internal Auditing. It will be examined in the next paragraphs starting from the general definition through its application in the marine industry where all aspects will be listed and described highlighting the most relevant factors.

Featuring over 20,000 definitions, this dictionary has been revised to reflect changes and advances in the marine industry. It covers every aspect of the business, including shipbroking, chartering, marine insurance, ship's agency, freight forwarding, oil and gas, and air transport.

Liang, J., 2020. Sustainable development of marine ecological economy under the background of coordinated evolution of marine and land industries. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 5-7. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the development of marine ecological economy, the status and influence of marine economy and land economy are becoming more and more important. Marine industry and land industry complement each other, and there is an inseparable interdependence. However, there are still some deficiencies in the coordination between the two. Based on this, this paper first studies the theory of sustainable development of marine ecological economy based on the coordination of marine and land industries. Secondly, it analyzes the establishment of evaluation system of marine and land industry synergy, and finally puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the coordinated development of marine and land industrial system.

Li, Q. and Li, Y., 2020. Economic marketing model of seafood in Beibu Gulf economic area. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 248-251. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is rich in marine resources and has a wide range of seafood products, but the competitiveness of seafood brands is not strong. Therefore, to accelerate the promotion of the optimization and upgrading of the marine industry in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, the specific strategies for the development of seafood brand marketing in this article include: Brand awareness, build a well-known brand of Beibu Gulf seafood; strengthen education and publicity of marine ecological environment; give full play to government functions, and improve brand environment.

As a major province of marine economy and marine science and technology, Shandong has always attached great importance to the development of the marine industry, and has made remarkable and outstanding achievements in recent years, but there is still a certain gap between the goal of building a strong marine province. This paper investigated and analyzed how did supercomputing technology promote the development of ocean big data and information industry in Shandong Province. Finally, according to the problems facing today, we proposed corresponding strategies with a view to providing a valuable reference for relevant departments in making scientific decisions.

The world is rich in marine resources. Lots of countries in the world are concerned about the hot topic of rational and effective development and utilization of marine resources, promoting the development of marine industry and realizing the growth of marine economy. This paper constructs the mathematical model of marine industrial structure and relative growth rate, calculates the contribution rate of 14 industrial structure changes to marine economic growth based on the national standard of China. The results show that the change of marine industry organization has a positive effect on marine economic growth, especially coastal tourism, marine scientific research and education service management industry Strong momentum.

Wang, P. and Zhang, Q., 2020. Marine shipping performance evaluation of 34 coastal ports in China under the One Belt and One Road initiative. In: Wan, Z. (ed.), Coordinated Sustainable Development in Coastal Areas: Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 109, pp. 132–138. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the rapid development of economy, China has also encountered new obstacles. Since 2013, China has promoted the One Belt and One Road initiative to carry out a new round of economic and trade strategies. What is the impact of the Belt and Road initiative on maritime shipping? Based on the statistical data of 34 major ports in China from 2010 to 2017, this paper analyzes the impact of One Belt and One Road promotion on the number of active ships at sea, gross tonnage of ships at sea, the operation situation, and the tourism situation in coastal areas. The empirical results show that the promotion of One Belt and One Road has a positive impact on the shipping industry of China's coastal ports, which shows that the overall marine industrial scale will increase due to the promotion of One Belt and One Road.

DNase coatings show great potential to prevent biofilm formation in various applications of the medical implant, food and marine industry. However, straightforward and quantitative methods to characterize the enzymatic activity of these coatings are currently not available. We here introduce the qDNase assay, a quantitative, real-time method to characterize the activity of DNase coatings. The assay combines (1) the use of an oligonucleotide probe, which fluoresces upon cleavage by coated DNases, and (2) the continuous read-out of the fluorescent signal within a microplate fluorometer format. The combination of these two properties results in a real-time fluorescent signal that is used to directly quantify the activity of DNase coatings. As a proof of concept, bovine DNase I coatings were immobilized on titanium by means of chemical grafting and their activity was estimated at 3.87 × 10−4 U. To our knowledge, the qDNase assay provides the first approach to report the activity of a DNase coating in absolute DNase activity units. This assay will not only serve to compare existing DNase coating methods more accurately, but will also enable the rational design of new DNase coating methods in the future.

An, H.F. and Li, J., 2020. Financial support for marine economic development and industrial structure optimization. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 171–174. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The marine industry is an important driving force for the development of the country. The development and structural optimization of the marine industry requires a large amount of financial support. Good financial support has become increasingly prominent in the development of the marine industry and economy. Based on the financial support theory, this paper attempts to explore the financial support for China's marine economic development and industrial structure optimization. Besides, it proposes related measures of financial support to promote the development of marine economy and optimization of industrial structure by combing with the current development of marine economy. The research results show that the financial support plays an important role in the optimization, innovation and agglomeration of marine industry and the financial support for the marine economy is multi-faceted, multi-layered, and fully covered; to improve the competitiveness of the marine industry, it requires financial support for the development of emerging industries; the proportion of financial support in coastal areas in the country has declined, while the marine secondary and tertiary industries have shown a growth momentum, but there still exists the problem of irrationality in the industrial structures. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the efficient and sustainable development of the marine economy.

Zhou, X.Y. and Shang, H.J., 2020. Joint development of marine industry and regional economy. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 116–119. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The development of marine economy is closely related to the economic development of surrounding areas. Promoting the development of the economy of the entire area by adjusting the marine industry structure has become an important impetus for promoting the economy of coastal areas. This paper takes the Yangtze River Delta coastal area as the subject and construct a model to study the joint development of the marine industry and the regional economy. The research results show that the marine economy of Yangtze River Delta has developed rapidly and contributed greatly to the development of the economy of the entire area; the tertiary industry takes the highest proportion in the marine industry structure, and it plays the largest role in it; there is a close relationship between the output value of marine industry and the output value of regional economy. Each 1% increase in the output value of the marine industry will lead to a 0.635439% increase in output of regional economy. The research results provide useful reference and guidance for the economic development of other coastal areas in China.

Wang, L.X., 2020. Empirical analysis of the impact of industrial structure adjustment on marine economy. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 57–59. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.At present, the marine economy has become an important driving force for the growth of the national economy, and the strategic role of the marine economy has been paid more and more attention. China is rich in marine resources, and the optimization of marine industrial structure and the development of marine economy are highly valued by the government. From the empirical analysis, this article explores the impact of marine industrial structure adjustment on the marine economy. Examine the relationship between the rationalization and advancement of China's marine industrial structure and the growth of the marine economy. The results show that the rationalization of the marine industry structure increased by 1%, the marine economy rose by 1.88%, the advanced marine industry structure increased by 1%, and the marine economy rose by 2.71%. The advancement and rationalization of the marine industrial structure can promote the growth of the marine economy. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally adjust the structure of the marine industry and create a good development environment.

Fei, X.S., 2020. The correlation between financial support and marine economic growth and industrial structure optimization. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 163–166. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In China, marine economy and marine industry have become important pillars in the country's economic development; but the continuous growth of marine economy has led to many problems in the layout of the industrial structure. Moreover, the structural optimization and competitiveness enhancement of the marine industry cannot be separated from the financial support. This paper takes marine economy and industrial structure as the research objects and analyzes the role of financial support in the growth of marine economy and industrial structure optimization. The research results show that financial support can promote marine economy growth and marine industry structure optimization, and it plays a positive role in enhancing the creativity and competitiveness of the marine industry. Through a survey on the marine industry structure in Shandong Province, it's found that with the increase of the marine industry optimization index, the financial utility index increases as well. This paper provides a theoretical basis for promoting the transformation and sustainable development of the marine economy.

Because oceans account for 70.8% of the Earth's surface, various Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications for the marine industry are being researched and developed. The success of an IoT technology in the maritime industry depends on the location tracking technology used and how far it can communicate. In this study, we implemented a marine observation system using low power wide area (LPWA) communication technology to provide maritime IoT services. The proposed marine observation system consists of a marine IoT module and an ocean observation monitoring system. The information collected is GPS information and communication signal reception strength. As a result of an actual field test, we were able to obtain the distance to the gateway by measuring the position through the marine IoT module, and we found that the intensity of communication was proportional to the change in sea level.

Stern tube seals are a type of rotary lip seals used in the propulsion system of ships. These large-sized elastomeric components are placed at both ends of the stern tube of a ship preventing the lubricant spillage to the environment while, at the same time, avoiding the entrainment of seawater to the stern tube. The ideal leakless situation does not occur and, in reality, a continuous amount of lubricant is discharged to the ocean. The continuous spillage of lubricant is normalized in the marine industry and it is typically referred as the stern tube consumption. To limit the environmental impact of the oil, new legislations replaced the traditionally-used mineral oil-based lubricants for less environmentally harmful products, i.e. the Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs). However, these lubricants have brought all sorts of issues with the already existing stern tube system of a ship, especially the stern tube seals. The investigation conducted aimed to shed some light on the operation of the stern tube seals in combination with these greener lubricants. On the longer term, the work presented will give the seals and lubricants manufacturers the opportunity to redesign their products resulting in a less contaminant sailing while extending the service time of stern tube seals.

Song, M.; Wang, Q.; Wang, S., and Zhou, L., 2021. Specialization and diversification of the marine industry and marine economic growth: An example from Chinese coastal areas. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(1), 203–215. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With an increasing shortage of land resources and increasing pressure regarding population and environment, many countries and regions have turned their attention toward oceans. Based on the externality theory, this study innovatively examines how specialization and diversification affect marine economic growth. Based on the panel data of 11 Chinese coastal provinces from 2006 to 2014, the article use location entropy and diversification indexes to measure the specialization and diversification of marine industry. The study analyzes both linear and nonlinear relationships between specialization and diversification and marine economic growth. The empirical results show that both specialization and diversification have a positive influence on marine economic growth; however, diversification was found to play a more important role. This study specifically studied the differences in effects on regions with different industrial scales. The findings show that there are different U-shaped nonlinear relationships between specialization and diversification and marine economic growth under different industrial scales. Finally, this article offers implications of the study and corresponding policy recommendations for restructuring the marine industry in each area.

For many biomedical applications, material surfaces should not only prevent unspecific protein adsorption and bacterial attachment as in many other applications in the food, health, or marine industry, but they should also promote the adhesion of tissue cells. In order to take a first step toward the challenging development of protein and bacteria-repelling and cell-adhesion-promoting materials, polyamine and poly(amido amine) surface coatings with terminal amine groups and varying structure (dendrimer, oligomer, polymer) were immobilized on model surfaces via silane chemistry. Physicochemical analysis showed that all modifications are hydrophilic (contact angles60°) and possess similar surface free energies (SFEs, ∼46-54 mN/m), whereas their amine group densities and zeta potentials at physiological conditions (pH 7.4) varied greatly (-50 to +75 mV). In protein adsorption experiments with single proteins (human serum albumin (HSA) and lysozyme) as well as complex physiological fluids (fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human saliva), the amounts of adsorbed protein were found to correlate strongly with the zeta potential of the surface coatings. Both modifications based on linear polymers exhibited good protein repellency toward all proteins examined and are thus promising for testing in cell adhesion studies.

The empty equipment repositioning (EER) problem is deemed an inefficiency of the marine industry. However, owing to trade imbalance as the fundamental cause of EER, such problem is inevitable and requires consideration in pricing decisions. Accordingly, this study explores a marine service chain with one carrier and two dominant forwarders providing transportation service between two ports. We built a mathematical model to examine how carrier and forwarders determine pricing decisions with and without EER cost sharing. We find that the smaller one between empty equipment balancing and EER costs determines pricing decisions. We also investigate whether the EER cost-sharing mechanism can coordinate the service chain and subsequently found that the EER cost-sharing mechanism aggravates double marginalization. Then, we design a two-part tariff coordination mechanism to coordinate the service chain. Lastly, we study the effect of EER cost sharing and coordination mechanism on the environment. Interestingly, we find that EER cost-sharing and coordination should be avoided from the perspective of environmental protection.

Formation of biofilms is one of the most serious problems affecting the integrity of marine structures both onshore and offshore. These biofilms are the key reasons for fouling of marine structures. Biofilm and biofouling cause severe economic loss to the marine industry. It has been estimated that around 10% of fuel is additionally spent when the hull of ship is affected by fouling. However, the prevention and control treatments for biofilms and biofouling of marine structures often involve toxic materials which pose severe threat to the marine environment and are strictly regulated by international maritime conventions. In this context, biomaterials for the treatment of biofilms, fouling, and corrosion of marine structures assume much significance. In recent years, due to the technological advancements, various nanomaterials and nanostructures have revolutionized many of the biological applications including antibiofilm, antifouling, and anticorrosive applications in marine environment. Many of the biomaterials such as furanones and some polypeptides are found to have antibiofilm, antifouling, and anticorrosive potentials. Many of the nanomaterials such as metal (titanium, silver, zinc, copper, etc.) nanoparticles, nanocomposites, bioinspired nanomaterials, and metallic nanotubes were found to exhibit antifouling and anticorrosive applications in marine environment. Both biomaterials and nanomaterials have been used in the control and prevention of biofilms, biofouling, and corrosion in marine structures. In recent years, the biomaterials and nanomaterials were also characterized to have the ability to inhibit bacterial quorum sensing and thereby control biofilm formation, biofouling, and corrosion in marine structures. This chapter would provide an overview of the biomaterials from diverse sources and various category of nanomaterials for their use in antibiofilm, antifouling, and anticorrosion treatments with special reference to marine applications.

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G and beyond technologies are transforming the marine industry and research. Our understanding of the vast sea that covers 71% of the Earth's surface is being enhanced by the various ocean sensor networks equipped with effective communications technologies. In this paper, we begin with a review of the research and development status-quo of maritime IoT (MIoT) enabled by multiple wireless communication technologies. Then we study the impact of sea waves to radio propagation and the communications link quality. Due to the severe attenuation of sea water to radio frequency electromagnetic waves propagation, large ocean waves can easily block the communications link between a buoy sensor and a cell tower near shore. This paper for the first time uses the ocean wave modeling of coastal and oceanic waters to examine the line of sight communications condition. Real wave measurement data parameters are applied in the numerical evaluation of the developed model. Finally, the critical antenna design taking into account the wave impact is numerically studied with implementation solutions proposed, and the system hardware and protocol aspects are discussed., Comment: 15 pages, 21 figures. Accepted by IEEE Internet of Things Journal